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HARADA TsutomuGraduate School of Business Administration / Division of Business AdministrationProfessor
Researcher basic information
■ Degree■ Research Keyword
■ Research Areas
■ Committee History
- Jul. 2009 - Present, 関西情報・産業活性化センター, 「e-Kansaiレポート」委員会主査
- Oct. 2003 - Present, 関西生産性本部, 関西経営品質賞判定委員会副委員長
- Apr. 2001 - Present, 関西生産性本部, 関西経営品質協議会企画実践委員会副委員長
- Apr. 1999 - Mar. 2022, 日本学術振興会, 産業構造中小企業第118委員会委員
- 2016, Global Journals, Global Journals 編集委員
- 2015, アジア市場経済学会, 編集委員『Economies』
- 神戸大学経済経営学会, 国民経済雑誌編集長
Research activity information
■ Award- Jun. 2000 組織学会, 組織学会高宮賞(著書部門), 知識転換の経営学
- Jan. 2000 日本ナレッジマネジメント学会, 日本ナレッジマネジメント学会研究奨励賞, 知識転換の経営学
- Jan. 2000 社団法人日本経営協会, 経営科学文献賞奨励賞, 知識転換の経営学
- Jun. 1999 組織学会, 組織学会高宮賞(論文部門), 汎用・専用技術の相互浸透
- Despite the fact that insight is a crucial component of creative thought, the means by which it is cultivated remain unknown. The effects of learning traits on insight, specifically, has not been the subject of investigation in pertinent research. This study quantitatively examines the effects of individual differences in learning traits estimated using a Q-learning model within the reinforcement learning framework and evaluates their effects on insight problem solving in two tasks, the 8-coin and 9-dot problems, which fall under the umbrella term “spatial insight problems.” Although the learning characteristics of the two problems were different, the results showed that there was a transfer of learning between them. In particular, performance on the insight tasks improved with increasing experience. Moreover, loss-taking, as opposed to loss aversion, had a significant effect on performance in both tasks, depending on the amount of experience one had. It is hypothesized that loss acceptance facilitates analogical transfer between the two tasks and improves performance. In addition, this is one of the few studies that attempted to analyze insight problems using a computational approach. This approach allows the identification of the underlying learning parameters for insight problem solving.Frontiers Media SA, Jan. 2024, Frontiers in Psychology, 14, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Mar. 2023, 調査月報, (174) (174), 34 - 39, JapaneseDeveloping field capability―OODA loop and tacit communication―[Invited]
- This study examined the effects of risk-taking and exploitation/exploration trade-off on divergent thinking in individuals, dyads, and triads. We adopted a simple Q-learning model to estimate risk attitudes, exploitation, and exploration parameters. The results showed that risk-taking, exploitation, and exploration did not affect divergent thinking in dyads. Instead, loss aversion was negatively related to divergent thinking. In contrast, risk attitudes and the inverse temperature as a ratio between exploitation and exploration were significant but with contrasting effects in individuals and triads. For individuals, risk-taking, exploitation and loss aversion played a critical role in divergent thinking. For triads, risk aversion and exploration were significantly related to divergent thinking. However, the results also indicated that balancing risk with exploitation/exploration and loss aversion is critical in enhancing divergent thinking in individuals and triads when learning coherence emerges. These results could be interpreted consistently with related literature such as the odd-vs. even-numbered group dynamics, knowledge diversity in group creativity, and representational change theory in insight problem-solving.Frontiers Media SA, Jan. 2023, Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1 - 15, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Apr. 2022, 国民経済雑誌, 225(4) (4), 1 - 12, JapaneseAnalyzing the determinants of innovation by positive deviance approachScientific journal
- Feb. 2022, 商工金融, 4 - 18, JapaneseFrom PDCA to OODA Loop[Invited]Research institution
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Oct. 2021, Scientific Reports, 11(1) (1), English
Abstract This study examined whether three heads are better than four in terms of performance and learning properties in group decision-making. It was predicted that learning incoherence took place in tetrads because the majority rule could not be applied when two subgroups emerged. As a result, tetrads underperformed triads. To examine this hypothesis, we adopted a reinforcement learning framework using simple Q-learning and estimated learning parameters. Overall, the results were consistent with the hypothesis. Further, this study is one of a few attempts to apply a computational approach to learning behavior in small groups. This approach enables the identification of underlying learning parameters in group decision-making.[Refereed]Scientific journal - Although it is considered that two heads are better than one, related studies argued that groups rarely outperform their best members. This study examined not only whether two heads are better than one but also whether three heads are better than two or one in the context of two-armed bandit problems where learning plays an instrumental role in achieving high performance. This research revealed that a U-shaped correlation exists between performance and group size. The performance was highest for either individuals or triads, but the lowest for dyads. Moreover, this study estimated learning properties and determined that high inverse temperature (exploitation) accounted for high performance. In particular, it was shown that group effects regarding the inverse temperatures in dyads did not generate higher values to surpass the averages of their two group members. In contrast, triads gave rise to higher values of the inverse temperatures than their averages of their individual group members. These results were consistent with our proposed hypothesis that learning coherence is likely to emerge in individuals and triads, but not in dyads, which in turn leads to higher performance. This hypothesis is based on the classical argument by Simmel stating that while dyads are likely to involve more emotion and generate greater variability, triads are the smallest structure which tends to constrain emotions, reduce individuality, and generate behavioral convergences or uniformity because of the ‘‘two against one” social pressures. As a result, three heads or one head were better than two in our study.Public Library of Science (PLoS), Jun. 2021, PLOS ONE, 16(6) (6), e0252122 - e0252122, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- This study examined the effects of mood and risk-taking on divergent and convergent thinking using a Q-learning computation model. The results revealed that while mood was not significantly related to divergent or convergent thinking (as creative thinking types), risk-taking exerted positive effects on divergent thinking in the face of negative rewards. The results were consistent with the representational change theory in insight problem solving. Although this theory accounts directly for insight, the underlying idea of going beyond current contexts and implicit constrains could be applied to creative thinking as well. The results indeed accounted for the relevance of this theory to divergent thinking. The current study is one of the first empirical studies simultaneously examining the role of mood and risk-taking in creativity. In particular, no related studies exist that took a computational approach to estimate the relevant parameters in the framework of dynamic optimization. Our Q learning model enables to distinguish and identify the different roles of mood and risk-taking in updatingFrontiers Media SA, Jan. 2021, Frontiers in Psychology, 11, English
Q values and making decisions.[Refereed]Scientific journal - Aug. 2020, 国民経済雑誌, 222(2) (2), 1 - 17, JapaneseOn the Orthogonality and Obliqueness of Topological and Process Logics in Nishida's PhilosophyResearch institution
- Aug. 2020, PLOS ONE, 15(7) (7), 1 - 16, EnglishThe effects of risk-taking, exploitation, and exploration on creativity[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Jul. 2020, Frontiers in Psychology, 11, EnglishLearning From Success or Failure? – Positivity Biases Revisited[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Mar. 2020, IEレビュー, 61(1) (1), 63 - 69OODA ループ[Invited]
- Oct. 2019, 研究開発リーダー, 16(7) (7), 50 - 53OODAループによる イノベーション・マネジメントへの挑戦[Refereed]
- Jun. 2019, 商工金融, (6) (6), 5 - 21, Japanese創造的人材の条件[Invited]Research institution
- Sep. 2018, 国民経済雑誌, 218(3) (3), 1 - 14, Japaneseグローバル・マトリックス組織の ダイナミック・マネジメントResearch institution
- Apr. 2018, Economic Systems Research, 30(2) (2), 238 - 251, EnglishA Model of Inter-sectoral Flow of Technology Using Technology and Innovation Flow Matrices[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Mar. 2018, Economics of Innvation and New Technology, 27(4) (4), 361 - 376, EnglishEndogenous Innovation under New Keynesian Dynamic Stochasitc General Equilibrium Model[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Mar. 2017, 密教学会報, (55) (55), 29 - 39Reexamination of Buddhists' Enlightenment and Altruism
- 神戸大学経済経営学会, Oct. 2016, 国民経済雑誌, 214(4) (4), 17 - 32, JapaneseResearch institution
- Mar. 2016, Journal of Economic Structures, 5(9) (9), 1 - 24, EnglishEstimating Innovation Input-output Matrix and Innovation Linkages in the East Asian Region and the United States[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Sep. 2015, Business and Management Studies, 1(2) (2), 66 - 76, EnglishManaging Innovation Probabilities: Core-driven vs. Bottleneck-removing Innovations[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Sep. 2015, Economic Systems Research, 27(3) (3), 374 - 390, EnglishChanging Productive Relations, Linkage Effects, and Industrialization[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Mar. 2015, STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC DYNAMICS, 32(1) (1), 1 - 10, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Kobe University, Mar. 2015, 国民経済雑誌, 211(3) (3), 17 - 33, JapaneseResearch institution
- Dec. 2014, Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(4) (4), 36 - 46, EnglishEffects of Diversity on Innovation in Complex Technology Systems and Ownership Structure[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Kobe University, Sep. 2014, 国民経済雑誌, 210(3) (3), 21 - 34, JapaneseResearch institution
- Sep. 2014, 調査月報, (72) (72), 2 - 3, Japaneseイノベーションを成功に導く「確率の経営」
- May 2014, Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(2) (2), 22 - 33, EnglishDynamic Strategies and Management of Focusing Devices[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Jan. 2014, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 23(1) (1), 49 - 62, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Kobe University, Oct. 2012, 国民経済雑誌, 206(4) (4), 53 - 61, Japanese焦点化装置とイノベーション・メカニズムの経済学的分析Research institution
- Mar. 2012, Research in Economics, 66(1) (1), 72 - 81, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Kobe University, Nov. 2010, 国民経済雑誌, 202(5) (5), 41 - 59, JapaneseInteraction between General Purpose Technology and Special Purpose Technology and Economic GrowthResearch institution
- Oct. 2010, JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS, 20(5) (5), 741 - 764, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Sep. 2010, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 19(6) (6), 521 - 538, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Aug. 2010, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 21(3) (3), 197 - 205, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 経営ソフトリサーチ, Jun. 2007, 中小公庫マンスリー, 54(6) (6), 6 - 13, Japaneseシュンペーター的企業の条件―メタ組織論へのいざないScientific journal
- Kobe University, Feb. 2007, 国民経済雑誌, 195(2) (2), 95 - 114, Japanese情報化、ネットワーク化における技術普及とその決定要因Scientific journal
- Apr. 2006, 日本の企業システム 第4巻 組織能力・知識・人材, 4, 207-231, Japanese汎用・専用技術の相互浸透-インターフェイス知識の蓄積-Scientific journal
- 国民生活金融公庫総合研究所, Aug. 2005, 調査季報, (74) (74), 50 - 75, Japanese産業集積地におけるコミュニケーション行動と企業業績-東大阪市高井田地区・金型製造業者の定量的分析-Scientific journal
- Apr. 2005, 国民経済雑誌, 191(3) (3), 69 - 83, Japanese汎用技術と技術アーキテクチャー:ファナックの事例Scientific journal
- 日本におけるITの経済的効果とパラドクス本稿の目的は,日本における企業レベルのパネルデータを用い,IT投資の経済的効果について定量的に評価していくことにある.実証分析では,日本におけるITパラドクスはIT資本に関する限りいまだに解消されたとは言い難いことが発見された.その一方で,IT労働力については,限界生産性はマイナスであるものの,労働生産性の成長にはプラスの影響を及ぼしていることが確認された.本稿では,この結果から得られるインプリケーションについても議論している.The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the economic impact of IT in Japan, utilizing firm level panel data. In this study, it was found that the economic effects of IT investment can not be identified with full confidence. While the marginal productivity of IT labor remains negative, its productivity growth has a positive impact on labor productivity growth. This paper discusses several implications of these findings.岩波書店, 2004, 経済研究, 55(4) (4), 299 - 312, Japanese[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Dec. 2003, RESEARCH POLICY, 32(10) (10), 1737 - 1751, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Kobe University, 2003, 国民経済雑誌, 187(6) (6), 53-67 - 67, Japaneseリアル・オプションとしてのITアウトソーシングScientific journal
- 白桃書房, 2003, 組織科学, 37(2) (2), 49-61 - 61, JapaneseITの利用形態と組織能力の活用[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 白桃書房, Jun. 2002, 組織科学, 36(2) (2), 64 - 90, Japanese技術吸引能力仮説の再検討:旧技術によるスピルオーバー効果[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 日本経営協会, Oct. 2001, OMNI-MANAGEMENT, 10(10) (10), 7 - 11, Japanese事業コンセプトとビジネスモデルScientific journal
- 明治生命フィナンシュアランス研究所, Sep. 2001, FINANSURANCE, 9(4) (4), 14 - 23, Japaneseナレッジマネジメント:その背景と仕掛けScientific journal
- Feb. 2001, 商工金融, (2) (2), 75 - 90, Japanese構造転換期の中小企業-NC工作機械技術普及調査を通じて-Scientific journal
- Feb. 2001, 岐阜経済, (2) (2), 75 - 90, Japaneseランダマイゼーション戦略の薦めScientific journal
- Jan. 2001, 国民経済雑誌, 184(1) (1), 75 - 90, JapaneseITと補完的スキルの形成Research institution
- 日本規格協会, Jan. 2001, 標準化と品質管理, 54(1) (1), 20 - 25, JapaneseナレッジマネジメントへのアプローチScientific journal
- Kobe University, Mar. 2000, Journal of economics and business administration, 181(3) (3), 93 - 106, Japanese
- Mar. 2000, 通商産業研究所 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES, (0) (0), Japanese[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 日本ナレッジ・マネジメント学会, Feb. 2000, ナレッジ・マネジメント研究年報, (2) (2), 75 - 90, Japanese競争優位・劣位性の相互転換サイクルと経営戦略の課題Scientific journal
- Jun. 1999, 経営行動科学, 13(1) (1), 33 - 42, Japanese技術革新プロセスにおける情報フロー媒介性の検討:ネットワーク中心性再考[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 神戸大学, Jun. 1999, ビジネス・インサイト, 7(2) (2), 100 - 116, Japanese境界連結活動における学習効率性[Refereed]
- 学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来, Mar. 1999, ビジネス・レビュー, 46(4) (4), 49 - 68, Japaneseコミュニケーション・ネットワークと相互作用による学習:ネットワーク・インターフェイスにおける知識転換[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Dec. 1998, 組織科学, 31(4) (4), 93 - 111, Japanese汎用・専用技術の相互浸透:インターフェイス知識の蓄積[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Jun. 1998, 組織科学, 32(2) (2), 78 - 96, Japanese研究開発組織における3段階のコミュニケーション・フロー:ゲートキーパーからトランスフォーマーへ[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 神戸大学経済経営学会, Apr. 1998, 国民経済雑誌, 177(4) (4), 91 - 114, JapaneseResearch institution
- Kobe University, Apr. 1998, 研究年報, 44, 87 - 104, Japanese新たな技術的収斂の達成:ファナックにおける技術革新の分析Research institution
- Apr. 1998, Chemicals and Long-term Economic Growth, in A.Arora, R.Landan and N.Rosenberg (eds.), 103 - 135, EnglishJapanses PuzzleScientific journal
- Kobe University, Nov. 2008, Journal of economics and business administration, 198(5) (5), 1 - 16, JapaneseEmpirical Analysis on the Dynamics of Industry Cluster
- Kobe University, Jul. 2001, Journal of economics and business administration, 184(1) (1), 71 - 87, JapaneseInformation Technology and Complementary Skill (
Information Technology (IT) and Business Management) - Oral Communication as Information Media and its PatternThe purpose of this paper is to reexamine the role of gatekeeper in R&D organizations through the data collected from a mid-sized machine tool firm. Although the related literature points out (1)information gathering and (2) information transmitting functions as main roles of gatekeeper, this paper further suggests (3) knowledge transforming function that has to be executed within R&D organizations. We will argue that since the latter function often requires distinctive skills that impede information gathering activities, there emerges a three-step flow of communication instead of a two-step flow of communication. We define persons fulfilling this new role as a transformer, and related testable hypotheses are derived. The latter part of this paper proposes new measuring methods that identify transformers and test these hypotheses.Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ), 11 Jul. 2000, IPSJ SIG Notes, 2000(63) (63), 1 - 6, Japanese
- Kobe University, 1999, The annals of the School of Business Administration, Kobe University, 43, 1 - 19, EnglishThree-step flow of communication in R&D organizations
- Single translation, [東洋経済新報社], Apr. 2023, Japanese「価値」こそがすべて! : ハーバード・ビジネス・スクール教授の戦略講義
- Single translation, Mar. 2021Positive Deviance
- Single work, 東洋経済新報社, Jul. 2020OODA MANAGEMENT
- Single translation, 東洋経済新報社, Feb. 2019, JapaneseOODA LOOPGeneral book
- Single work, Routledge, 2019, EnglishEconomics of an Innovation SystemScholarly book
- Single work, 日本実業出版社, Oct. 2016, Japaneseイノベーションを巻き起こす 「ダイナミック組織」戦略General book
- Single work, 中公新書, Mar. 2014, Japaneseイノベーション戦略の論理-確率の経営とは?General book
- Single work, 東洋経済新報社, Apr. 2010, Japanese実践力を鍛える戦略ノート 戦略立案編General book
- Single work, 日本経済新聞出版社, Jun. 2007, Japaneseケース演習でわかる 技術マネジメントGeneral book
- Single work, 白桃書房, May 2007, Japanese汎用・専用技術の経済分析-新たなイノベーション・モデルの構築-Scholarly book
- Single work, 東洋経済新報社, Apr. 2007, Japanese実践力を鍛える戦略ノート[企業価値評価編]General book
- Single work, 東洋経済新報社, Apr. 2006, Japanese『実践力を鍛える 戦略ノート[マーケティング編]』Scholarly book
- Single work, 東洋経済新報社, 2003, JapaneseMBA戦略立案トレーニングScholarly book
- Single work, 東洋経済新報社, Sep. 2000, Japaneseケースで読む 競争逆転の経営戦略Scholarly book
- Single work, 東洋経済新報社, Jun. 1999, Japanese知識転換の経営学Scholarly book
- 組織学会, Jun. 2023洞察問題解決のQ学習モデルおよび学習特性の創造性への影響の検討Oral presentation
- The Academic Association for Organizational Science, Jun. 2022, JapaneseExploring the effects of risk-taking, exploitation, and exploration on divergent thinking under group dynamicsOral presentation
- The Academic Association for Organizational Science, Jun. 2021, JapaneseThree heads better than two? Computational approach to group dynamicsOral presentation
- The Academic Association for Organizational Science, Jun. 2020, JapaneseComputational approach to determinants of creativity: Creativity, exploitation, exploration, and moodOral presentation
- 組織学会・日本経営学会関西部会, Jul. 2019個人レベルの創造性を規定する要因に関する実証分析Oral presentation
- The Academic Association for Organizational Science, Jun. 2018Macroeconomic implications of disruptive vs. sustaining innovationOral presentation
- 21st International Input-Output Conference, Jul. 2013, English, The International Input-Output Association, 北九州, International conferenceMulti-sector Induced Innovation Model: Another Use of Input-outputPoster presentation
- 進化経済学会関西研究部会, Jun. 2008, Japanese, 進化経済学会, 京都大学, Domestic conferenceCompeting Technologies and the Effect of Competition on InnovationPoster presentation
- 組織学会研究発表大会, Jul. 1998, Japanese, 組織学会, 慶応大学藤沢キャンパス, Domestic conferenceThree step flow of communicationPoster presentation
■ Research Themes
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Kobe University, Apr. 2019 - Mar. 2024, Principal investigatorThe study of creativity at individual and group levels using large scale biological data2021年度は、主に2つの実験を実施した。第一に、神戸大学の学部学生を対象とした大規模実験を実施した。具体的には、2020年度と同様、Psytoolkitでプログラムした心理実験(2腕バンディット)を、個人、ダイアド(2名のグループ)、トライアド(3名のグループ)に対して実施した。それに加え、今年度はAUT(alternative use test)テストを実施した。これは拡散思考、創造性を測定するテストであり、このテストによって、これらの個人、集団の創造性のパフォーマンスについても測定した。その結果、昨年度の研究では明らかにすることができなかったグループレベルでの学習特性が創造性パフォーマンスにどのような影響を与えているのかについて分析することができた。データ分析の結果、個人、グループの創造性のパフォーマンスは、リスク愛好度や探索志向性に大きく影響されることが明らかになった。また、創造性のパフォーマンスはダイアドが最も低く、個人、トライアドが高いパフォーマンスを示すことがわかった。これは昨年度に実施した認知課題に対しるパフォーマンスの個人、ダイアド、トライアド、テトラッド間での比較分析結果と整合的なものであった。 第二に、生理学研究所の協力を得て、2019年度、2020年度に個人を対象に実施したfMRI検査に対し、そのデータ解析を進めた。これらの年度では2つのfMRI実験を実施し、そのデータ解析の概要は得られている。それらの結果を1つの論文にまとめるため、検討を続けている。それに加え、今年度は2名のコミュニケーション活動を取り入れたうえで、同様のfMRI実験を実施した。ただし、実験実施時においてコロナ感染状況が悪化したため、当初予定していた被験者数を集めることができず、次年度に追試を実施していく予定である。
- 学術研究助成基金助成金/基盤研究(C), Apr. 2014 - Mar. 2019, Principal investigatorCompetitive research funding
- 2006先端ビジネスシステムの研究開発教育拠点Competitive research funding
- 2005先端ビジネスシステムの研究開発教育拠点Competitive research funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for University and Society Collaboration, Kobe University, 2000 - 2002Support System for Beginning Businesses in Hanshin RegionThe objectives of the research are firstly to investigate the process of beginning businesses and the social system (the support system) that support the beginning of businesses and secondly to build and run the support system for beginning businesses that is fitted to the Hanshin region. The research has been carried out in collaboration with the Kansai Productivity Center that is successful in educating and supporting entrepreneurs. In the first fiscal year survey research was conducted. Questionnaire was prepared based on literature review and field study and mailed to the 4459 listed companies with 498 respondents. It was found that the positive organizational culture was created and the HP was highly used in the small companies with high growth rate. Therefore, it can be said that the creation of the positive organizational culture and the effective HP is important in the process of beginning businesses. In the second fiscal year we held the workshop to discuss with Chinese researchers and specialists of distribution system with change of Chinese market after joining the WTO. We also conducted the survey research, where questionnaire were sent to small companies in Higashiosaka to analyze the impacts of technological performance caused by intensive communication with external organization. In the third fiscal year, we analyzed the results of survey research to know that the technological learning capability is highly affected by the tehnological performance from older technology. In addition to the above mentioned investigations, we prepared 42 cases and 35 movie contents to support beginning businesses.