Research activity information

• Fashion and Three Types of Contact Surfaces : Various Issues Related to Functionality in Fashion

  Nagasaka Ichiro

  Lead, 2023, Fashion talks... : the journal of the Kyoto Costume Institute : 服飾研究, 15, 16 - 25

  [Invited]

  Scientific journal


• パターン・ランゲージと「遊び」 : ルール・システムが生成するもの : 幾何学的構造とプレイ—The Pattern Language and "Play" : What the Rule System Generates : Geometric Structure or Experiences of Playing?—特集 都市計画古典再論 ; 古典再論 : 近代都市計画理論の可能性

  長坂 一郎

  Nov. 2022, 都市計画 = City planning review / 日本都市計画学会 編, 71(6) (6), 48 - 51, Japanese

  [Invited]


• デザインと「使用」 : 使用を「使うという立場で掴まえる」試み

  長坂 一郎

  神戸大学文学部芸術学研究室, Mar. 2022, 美学芸術学論集, 17, 5 - 33, Japanese

  [Invited]

  Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)


• Formal criteria for the classification of service based on the value-creation model

  Ichiro Nagasaka, Nariaki Nishino

  10TH CIRP CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT COMPUTATION IN MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING - CIRP ICME '16. With the aim of providing a scientific methodology for studies of services, the value-creation model, which classifies service models in three classes on the basis of the relationships among service providers, was proposed in the 2000s. However, the model lacks formal criteria for classifying service models in scientific way. Therefore, in this study, we first consider the activity of service design as an activity of designing "service mechanism" in reference to mechanism design, which is an area in economics and game theory. Then, we develop formal criteria for the classification of the service mechanism based on the value-creation model.

  Lead, 2017, Procedia CIRP, 62, 74 - 77, English

  [Refereed]

  Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)


• ファッションデザイナーにとって工学的設計論が意味するもの—Role of Engineering Design Theory in Fashion Design—特集 ファッションと設計

  長坂 一郎

  日本感性工学会, Sep. 2016, 感性工学 = Journal of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering, 14(3) (3), 113 - 118, Japanese

  [Invited]

  Scientific journal


• IDEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER'S LATER THEORY: Whitehead's cosmology and “God”

  NAGASAKA Ichiro

  In this paper, we base the primary concepts appear in Alexander's four volume “The Nature of Order”, such as wholeness, center, structure-preserving transformations, mirror of the self tests, and God on A. N. Whitehead's cosmology called “philosophy of organism”. Firstly, we examine the motivation of writing these four books by analyzing the criticisms towards “Pattern Language.” After showing Alexander's the tacit and new assumption in the books, we show how Whitehead's problem of the bifurcation of nature, that causes some of the deep problems in pattern language, is solved in the Nature of Order in terms of the Whitehead's philosophy.

  Architectural Institute of Japan, 2013, Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 78(686) (686), 925 - 933, Japanese

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Visual Analysis of Human Behavior Based on Vector Field and Landscape Diagram

  Ichiro Nagasaka, Masashige Motoe

  Jul. 2012, Research: Uncertainty Contradiction Value - DRS International Conference 2012

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• クリストファー・アレグザンダーの初期理論における思想的背景 (その 2)：パタン・ランゲージの理論的基盤: 数学的構造主義とヒルベルトの形式主義

  NAGASAKA ICHIRO

  日本建築学会, 2010, 日本建築学会計画系論文集, 75(658) (658), 2989 - 2997, Japanese

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal

  Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)


• THEORETICAL BASIS OF PATTERN LANGUAGE: MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURALISM AND HILBERT'S FORMALISM

  長坂 一郎

  日本建築学会, Jan. 2010, 日本建築学会計画系論文集, 75(647):235-243(647) (647), 235 - 243, Japanese

  [Refereed]

  Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)


• Syntax and Semantics of Pattern Language

  Ichiro Nagasaka

  2009, IASDR 2009 conference, 547 - 556

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• Constructive Mathematics and Its Implication to Theory of Designing

  Ichiro Nagasaka

  2009, Design Principles and Practices: An International Journal, 3(5):303-314, 303 - 314, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• A study on the reasoning process with underspecified tasks.

  Yokochi Hiromichi, Nagasaka Ichiro, Matsushima Takaji

  In the studies of deductive reasoning, the experiments have always been conducted with tasks with just one logically correct answer. In this paper, three experiments examined how the reasoning process with underspecified tasks can be explained. Underspecified tasks are tasks with an arbitrary correct answer or with no correct answer at all. Experiment 1a and 1b showed that participants tend to choose the option that is more difficult to draw a conclusion than the other. Furthermore, the factors leading to such selection bias included the differences in the number of logical symbols contained in the reasoning process between options and the reductio ad absurdum process. Protocol analysis in Experiment 2 revealed that reductio ad absurdum has more impact on selection bias.

  Japanese Cognitive Science Society, Mar. 2008, Cognitive Studies, 15・1・161-173(1) (1), 161 - 173, Japanese

  [Refereed]


• Requirements and Theories of Meaning

  Ichiro Nagasaka

  Aug. 2007, Proceedings of International Conference on Engineering Design 2007, ID 203, English

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• Study on Applications of Linguistics to Design Theory (2nd Report) - Functions as Meanings and Simon's Definition of Artifacts -

  Makoto Kikuchi, Ichiro Nagasaka

  The aim of design theory is to investigate the domain-independent natures of artifacts and design activities. The notion of function is important in design theory since design specifications are described in terms of functions, but it is not easy to define functions because the notion is closely related to our subjective intentions. In this report, we shall analyze the paradox of General Design Theory in in order to show the importance of the concept of function in a design theory, and we show that the concept has a correspondence with the notion of meanings of natural language expressions. Then, we give a formulation of the notion of function by using Situation Semantics which corresponds to Simion's definition of an artifact as an interface between its inner and outer environments. These arguments show the relationships between design theory and natural language semantics.

  The Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Jan. 2006, Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 72(1),142-146(1) (1), 142 - 146, Japanese

  [Refereed]


• 言語学の設計学への応用に関する研究（第１報）-一般設計学の逆理と名詞句としての実体概念の形式化－

  菊地 誠, 長坂 一郎

  Entity concepts and related definitions and axioms in General Design Theory are analyzed, and the paradoxical phenomena about General Design Theory is explained. Then, by investigating entity concepts in Abstract Design Theory, a mathematical theory of design based on the philosophy of General Design Theory and a mathematical theory of information flow, it is shown that entity concepts in these design theories correspond to noun phrases in Montague Semantics, a formal semantics of natural language. This is an application of linguistics to design theory, and a new phase of correlation of design theory and theoretical computer science through Montague Semantics can be expected from these investigations.

  The Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 2004, 精密工学会誌, 70(3),354-358(3) (3), 354 - 358, English

  [Refereed]


• A Relational Theory of Interaction and Learning Based on Classifier System

  Ichiro Nagasaka, Makoto Kikuchi, Shinzo Kitamura

  2004, Proceedings of 4th International ICSC Symposium on Engineering of Intelligent Systems, File No.18, English

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• Situation Theoretic Analysis of Functions for a Formal Theory of Design

  Kikuchi Makoto, Nagasaka Ichiro

  2003, Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Engeineering Design, File No.1448, English

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• On the Three Forms of Non-Deductive Inferences: Induction, Abduction, and Design.

  KIKUCHI Makoto, NAGASAKA Ichiro

  IASTED/ACTA Press, 2003, Proc.of the 21th IASTED International Conference Applied Informatics., 357-362, 357 - 362, English

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• Channel Theory for User-Interactions in Constraint Satisfaction and Design

  KIKUCHI Makoto, NAGASAKA Ichiro, Banbara Mutsunori

  2003, Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on User-Interaction in Constraint Satisfaction, 56-69, English

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• A mathematical model of interactions in artifact environments

  A Kikuchi, Nagasaka, I, S Toyoda, S Kitamura

  2003, SICE 2003 ANNUAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, 2085-2090, 1614 - 1619, English

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• A Formal Analysis of Classifier System and Interface between Learning System Environment.

  NAGASAKA Ichiro, KIKUCHI Makoto, KITAMURA Shinzo

  IASTED/ACTA Press, 2003, Proc.of the 21th IASTED International Conference Applied Informatics., 20-25, 20 - 25, English

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• On the three axioms of general design theory

  Makoto Kikuchi, Ichiro Nagasaka

  May 2002, Proc. of 4th International Workshop on Emergent Synthesis, 69 - 76

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• Proofs of nonconsequence as abstract design in hyperproof

  Ichiro Nagasaka, Yuzuru Kakuda

  Lead, 2002, International Journal of Computing Anticipatory Systems, 11, 81 - 94

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• A model of design based on generation process of function attribute classifications

  Ichiro Nagasaka, Makoto Kikuchi, Hiroki Tsutsui, Toshiharu Taura, Kanji Ueda

  Lead, Mar. 2001, Proc. of International Workshop on Emergent Synthesis 2001, 131 - 138

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• Embodiment design synthesis with adaptive 3D shape representation

  Ichiro Nagasaka, Kanji Ueda

  Lead, Dec. 1999, Proc. of International Workshop on Emergent Synthesis, 215 - 220

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• Adaptive growth-type assembly structure representation for assembly layout design

  Ichiro Nagasaka, Kanji Ueda, A. M\'arkus, Toshiharu Taura

  Lead, May 1999, Proc. of the 32nd CIRP International Seminar on Manufacturing Systems

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• Adaptive-Growth-Type 3D Representation for Spatial Design

  NAGASAKA Ichiro, TAURA Toshiharu

  In this paper, the design of spatial shapes of function carriers and the spatial layout is called a spatial design. In it such design processes as constraint satisfaction are considered. In general, since the constraint satisfaction problem in spatial design can often be very difficult to solve because of a lack of constraints and countless combinations of the layout, a variety of solutions which satisfy constraints should be allowed. Therefore, in order to allow such variety, the notion of developmental processes in biology was applied and adaptive-growth-type 3D geometric representation based on evolutionary algorithms was proposed. Here, the adaptive-growth type means the shape expressed in the process, which develops through interaction with an outside environment, like shape generation of a living organism in the natural world. Finally, the representation was verified by applying it to the component layout problem in the early stage of satellite design.

  Lead, The Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Apr. 1999, Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Vol.65, No.4, pp.525-531(4) (4), 525 - 531, Japanese

  [Refereed]


• Adaptive-growth-type 3D representation for configuration design.

  Toshiharu Taura, Ichiro Nagasaka

  1999, AI EDAM, 13(3) (3), 171 - 184

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Application of evolutionary programming to shape design.

  Toshiharu Taura, Ichiro Nagasaka, Atsushi Yamagishi

  1998, Computer-Aided Design, 30(1) (1), 29 - 35

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Geometic representation for shape generation using classifier system

  Ichiro Nagasaka, Toshiharu Taura

  Jul. 1997, Genetic Programming 1997: Proc. of the Second Annual Conference, 515 - 520

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• Collaboration media for shape design

  Toshiharu Taura, Atsushi Yamagishi, Ichiro Nagasaka

  Feb. 1997, Preprints of Formal Aspects of Collaborative CAD, 369 - 386

  [Refereed]

  International conference proceedings


• 3D Geometric Model for Shape Design (2nd Report) - 3D Geometric Model Focused on Shape Feature Generating Rules -

  NAGASAKA Ichiro, YAMAGISHI Atsushi, TAURA Toshiharu

  Designing shapes of products is one of the most primary activity in design process. In this paper, a new methodology of representing free form shape features with the aim of making the system capable of holding and manipulating their features after synthesizing them to support designer in their early design stage is proposed. The key idea in this study is Shape Feature Generating Rules and specifying the rules which generate feature shapes. Developmental biology is applied to devise a computational model of the representation called Cell Model using Pitt approach of classifier system. Finally, a computer program is developed to evaluate the methodology by combining two existing shapes to examine if the features of shape are preserved in combined shapes. In addition further examination is conducted to specify which rules are actually hold the feature of shape. It is demonstrated that the methodology can show variety of combined shapes with original, often exaggerated, features and the rules are specified which hold the part of feature of shapes.

  The Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Feb. 1997, Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Vol.63, No.2, pp.193-197(2) (2), 193 - 197, Japanese

  [Refereed]


• Collaboration Media for Shape Design

  Yamagishi Atsushi, Nagasaka Ichiro, Taura Toshiharu

  In this paper, we propose a method for supporting collaborative product shape design using a computer system where designers are distributed and communicate with each other asynchronously. In collaborative design, mutual understanding of the thought of each designer is very important. It is desired to share not only shape data, but the intention of reason behind decisions in the design process. It is conventionally difficult to represent an intention or a reason behind a decision using natural language in shape design. Therefore, meaningful communication is usually problematic. Therefore, in this paper we propose two methods, i. e. (1) the computer system generates shapes and display them to a designer to visually represent his intended design, (2) the computer system displays the design process, so that the other members can understand it easily. We designed using a computer system implemented as above and concluded our methods may be effective for better communication in design.

  Japanese Society for the Science of Design, 1997, Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design, 43(6) (6), 1 - 10, Japanese

  [Refereed]


• 意匠デザインのための3Dモデル (第1報)-生成プロセスに注目した形状特徴の表現法

  長坂一郎, 山岸淳, 田浦俊春

  Lead, 1996, 精密工学会誌, 62, 1567

  [Refereed]


• Methodology of Emergent Shapes for Creative Design

  Ichiro Nagasaka, Atsushi Yamagishi, Toshiharu Taura

  Lead, 1995, Preprints of the Third International Conferrence for Computational Models of Creative Design, 117 - 129

  [Refereed]

• 進化する建築をつくる計算モデルと手法--ジョンフレーザーとユニット11—特集 拡張するデジタル・デザイン ; 記述される建築・都市

  長坂 一郎

  鹿島出版会, Apr. 1997, SD : Space design : スペースデザイン, (391) (391), 48 - 53, Japanese

• 価値創造の考え方 : 期待を満足につなぐために

  國部, 克彦, 玉置, 久, 菊池, 誠

  第５章「満足をデザインする創造力」、pp.124-148 担当, 日本評論社, Mar. 2021, Japanese, ISBN: 9784535559943


• デザイン・コンピューティング入門 - Pythonによる建築の形態と機能の生成・分析・最適化 -

  藤井 晴行, 大崎 純, 渡辺 俊, 長坂 一郎, 水谷 晃啓, 小林 祐貴, 藤田 慎之輔, 安田 渓

  Joint work, 『デザインに関する知識の処理』, pp.139-156 担当, コロナ社, Sep. 2017, Japanese, ISBN: 433905254X


• クリストファー・アレグザンダーの思考の軌跡 : デザイン行為の意味を問う

  長坂, 一郎

  彰国社, Jul. 2015, Japanese, ISBN: 9784395320462


• 部分と全体の哲学 : 歴史と現在

  松田, 毅, 茶谷, 直人, 加藤, 雅人, Breger, Herbert, 中山, 康雄, 加地, 大介, 長坂, 一郎, 齋藤, 暢人, 稲岡, 大志

  春秋社, Nov. 2014, Japanese, ISBN: 9784393323595


• 建築のデザイン科学

  日本建築学会

  Joint work, 『第４章 デザインと論理』，pp.153-215 を担当, 京都大学学術出版会, May 2012, Japanese, ISBN: 4876985987


• 共生の人文学 : グローバル時代と多様な文化

  共生倫理研究会, 羽地, 亮, 大坪, 庸介, 長坂, 一郎, 茶谷, 直人, 久下, 正史, 河島, 真, 濱田, 麻矢, 樋口, 大祐, 横田, 隆志, 真下, 裕之, 小山, 啓子, 白鳥, 義彦

  神戸大学,昭和堂 (発売), Mar. 2008, Japanese, ISBN: 9784812208199


• Computer Aided and Integrated Manufacturing Systems

  Ichiro Nagasaka

  Joint work, Chapter 3, Computer techniques and applications of adaptive-growth-type representation in computer aided design (CAD), pp. 73–100, Sep. 2003, ISBN: 9812796800

• クリストファー・アレグザンダーのデザイン理論を媒介としたデザイン理論の歴史的変遷

  長坂一郎

  建築計画委員会 設計計画・構法計画運営委員会 Evidence Based Design小委員会 公開研究会, Sep. 2024, Japanese

  [Invited]

  Invited oral presentation


• 日本建築の3つの系統(東南アジア/中国/日本)と現代の日 本住宅

  長坂一郎

  2023年「東アジア学領域横断ネットワーク」国際会議、中国文化大学、台湾, Jun. 2023, Japanese

  [Invited]

  Keynote oral presentation


• デザイン行為における使用と変化と価値

  長坂一郎

  第43回情報・システム・利用・技術シンポジウム, Dec. 2020

  Oral presentation


• デザイン行為における使用と逸脱

  長坂 一郎

  第42回情報・システム・利用・技術シンポジウム, Dec. 2019, Japanese, 日本建築学会


• デザインにおける使用フレームワークの形式化

  長坂 一郎

  第41回情報・システム・利用・技術シンポジウム, Dec. 2018, Japanese, 日本建築学会


• デザイン対象としての「使用」の形式化 －数学の証明行為における「推論」に基づく分析－

  長坂 一郎

  第40回情報・システム・利用・技術シンポジウム, Dec. 2017, Japanese, 日本建築学会


• デザイン行為と数学の証明行為における3種類の要求条件の分析

  長坂 一郎

  第39回情報・システム・利用・技術シンポジウム, Dec. 2016, Japanese, 日本建築学会


• 分析なしの綜合:有り得べきファッションの設計論

  第18 回 日本感性工学会大会, Sep. 2016

  [Invited]

  Invited oral presentation


• 価値創成モデルに基づいたサービス設計問題の定式化と経済実験による検証

  西野成昭, 宮田佳祐, 長坂一郎, 赤井研樹

  第4回サービス学会, Mar. 2016, Japanese, Society for Serviceology

  Oral presentation


• ファッションデザイナーにとって工学的設計論が意味するもの

  長坂一郎

  第11回日本感性工学会春季大会, Mar. 2016

  [Invited]

  Invited oral presentation


• クリストファー・アレグザンダーの思考の軌跡 — デザイン行為の意味を問う

  長坂一郎

  慶應義塾大学SFC研究所 第20回 SFC OPEN RESEARCH FORUM 2015, Nov. 2015

  [Invited]

  Nominated symposium


• メカニズム･デザインに基づくサービス構造のデザイン･スキーマ

  長坂 一郎

  情報（電算）シンポ, Dec. 2014, Japanese, 日本建築学会


• 3次元ランドスケープ表現による人の行動傾向の視覚的分析

  長坂 一郎, 本江 正茂

  情報（電算）シンポ, Dec. 2011, Japanese, 日本建築学会


• An Analysis of User Behavior and Spatial Characteristic Based on Landscape Diagram

  NAGASAKA Ichiro, Motoe Masashige

  The Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference, 2011, Japanese, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, The understanding of individual movement in a given space is important in many areas such as geography, architecture and city planning. With recent advances in sensor and computing technology, trajectory data, series of coordinate data with timing, can be readily obtained and used to help us understand the characteristics of the space. However, the interpretation of patterns becomes difficult as the number of paths increases with the number of individuals examined. In this study, we intends to contribute to the development of a schematic landscape diagram of the space-time paths for movement analysis by firstly observing individual activities in an office and collecting trajectory data, and secondly developing a framework for the landscape diagram and analyzing the trajectory data to extract the tendency of the movement. Here, the interpretation of the patterns of trajectories becomes accurate as the number of trajectories increases. Finally, we argue that this is an effective way to understand the characteristics of the space.


• アレグザンダーの初期理論における数学的構造主義とヒルベルトの形式主義の役割

  長坂 一郎

  日本建築学会学術講演梗概集Ｆ２建築歴史・意匠, Aug. 2010, Japanese, 富山大学, Domestic conference

  Oral presentation


• Mathematical Structuralism and Formalism in CHristopher Alexander's Early Design Theory

  NAGASAKA Ichiro

  Summaries of technical papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan. E-1, Architectural planning and design I, Building types and community facilities, planning and design method building construction system human factor studies planning and design theory, Jul. 2010, Japanese, Architectural Institute of Japan


• リストファー・アレグザンダーの認知科学研究とデザイン理論

  長坂 一郎

  日本認知科学会「デザイン・構成・創造」研究分科会研究会, 2010, Japanese, 東京工業大学, Domestic conference

  [Invited]

  Invited oral presentation


• シェアオフィス内の行為シーケンスの分析によるコンフリクトの特定

  岡安 正寛, 堀田 竜士, 本江 正茂, 長坂 一郎

  Designシンポジウム2010, 2010, Japanese, 産業技術大学院大学, Domestic conference

  Oral presentation


• シェアオフィスの共用部におけるワーカーの行動特性に関する研究

  堀田 竜士, 岡安 正寛, 長坂 一郎

  Designシンポジウム2010, 2010, Japanese, 産業技術大学院大学, Domestic conference

  Oral presentation


• The Boundary of Alexander's Design Theory and Design of Diversity

  NAGASAKA Ichiro

  The Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference, Oct. 2009, Japanese, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, In this study, we review the history of Christopher Alexander's works and point out why his approaches did not work as he intended. In "Notes on the Synthesis of Form", since he proposed the generating system of forms based on mathematical formal systems, forms generated by the system were merely the sum of the parts, and, in Pattern Language, there was no mechanism which ensures the generated whole was actually 'good' one. After these reviews, we searched for domains where Alexander has not explored, and found out he never tried to implement the system that has rules of tendency of behaviors (or forces, in his terminologies). We indicate that this approach has possibility for the design of diversity.


• Christopher Alexander's Eaxly Design Theory and Bruner's the Three Modes of Representation

  NAGASAKA Ichiro

  Summaries of technical papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan. F-2, History and theory of architecture, Jul. 2009, Japanese, Architectural Institute of Japan


• On Three Aspects of Constructive Design Activities

  NAGASAKA Ichiro

  The Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference, Sep. 2008, Japanese, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Act of designing is a constructive activity that creates certain objects by putting different things together. However, there is apparently no common ground we can argue about the constructive aspects of the act of designing. In this study, we analyze the constructiveness of the act of designing on the basis of constructive mathematics, especially, intuitionism. In order to clarify the constructive characteristic of the act of designing, we examine in detail the three aspects of constructive activities, namely, "objects to be constructed", "processes of construction" and "semantics of construction" in comparison to the act of proving in the constructive mathematics. Finally, we discuss the normative principles of the constructive design activities that are derived from the argument of harmony in the three aspects of constructive activities.


• 9196 Christopher Alexander's Design Theory and Mathematical Formalism and Constructivism

  NAGASAKA Ichiro

  Summaries of technical papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan. F-2, History and theory of architecture, Jul. 2008, Japanese, Architectural Institute of Japan


• Requirements and Theories of Meaning

  長坂 一郎

  International Conference on Engineering Design 2007, Aug. 2007, English, Paris, France, International conference

  Poster presentation


• 人工物の設計と証明における counterexample について

  長坂 一郎

  論理・情報・設計に関する第3回神戸シンポジウム, Sep. 2006, Japanese, 大阪アプローズタワー, Domestic conference

  Oral presentation


• パラドキシカルな課題を用いた推論過程の研究（K055）

  横地 広海知, NAGASAKA Ichirou, MATSUSHIMA Takaji

  第4回情報科学技術フォーラム, Sep. 2005, Japanese, 情報処理学会, 電子情報通信学会, 東京、日本, Domestic conference

  Oral presentation


• デザインの方法論における解釈と移行と公共性について

  長坂 一郎

  2nd Kobe Symposium on Logic, Information and Design, Sep. 2005, Japanese, 神戸大学, Domestic conference

  Oral presentation


• K-055 Stud on The Process of Reasoning with Paradoxical Task

  Yokochi Hiromichi, Nagasaka Ichiro, Matsushima Takaji

  情報科学技術フォーラム一般講演論文集, Aug. 2005, Japanese, Forum on Information Technology


• Formal Models of Interactions and Functions of Artifacts

  Kikuchi M., Nagasaka I., Kitamura S.

  Proceedings of the Japan Joint Automatic Control Conference, 2003, The Japan Joint Automatic Control Conference, 状況意味論の考え方をもとに人工物の機能とインタラクションの形式的モデルを与え，その基本的な 性質について論じる．


• A Formal Analysis of Interaction between Designers in Hyperproof

  Shiro Miyake, Ichiro Nagasaka, Kanji Ueda

  Proceedings of JSPE Semestrial Meeting, 2003, The Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 本稿では，複数の設計者による設計について抽象設計論に基づき数学的に形式化された枠組みで捉え，その形式的な記述を行うことを目的とする．具体的には，Hyperproof呼ばれる推論プログラムを用いて単独および複数ユーザによる比較実験を行うことにより， 設計者間のインタラクションについて情報の流れの観点から分析を行う．そして，これを基に Hyperproof における設計者のインタラクションのモデルを与える．


• 長坂一郎, 菊池誠 状況理論による機能概念の分析

  長坂 一郎, 菊池 誠

  科学基礎論学会2003年度年会, 2003, Japanese, 化学基礎論学会, 未記入, Domestic conference

  Oral presentation


• 状況理論に基づく機能概念の数学的形式化について

  菊池 誠, 長坂 一郎

  日本数学会年会, 2003, Japanese, 日本数学会, 未記入, Domestic conference

  Oral presentation


• Generation Process of Function and Attribute Spaces in Abstract Design Theory

  菊地 誠, 長坂 一郎

  精密工学会大会学術講演会講演論文集, Sep. 2001, Japanese


• Heterogeneous logic in medium space

  長坂 一郎, 角田 讓

  精密工学会大会学術講演会講演論文集, Sep. 2001, Japanese


• Proofs of nonconsequence as abstract design in hyperproof

  Proc. of Fifth International Conference on Computing Anticipatory Systems, Aug. 2001

  Oral presentation


• 人工物のアセンブリ構造を用いた表現方法による設計支援

  筒井 広城, 長坂 一郎, 上田 完次

  精密工学会大会学術講演会講演論文集, Sep. 1999, Japanese


• Adaptive-Growth-Type 3D Geometric Representation Based on Evolutionary Computation

  NAGASAKA Ichiro, TAURA Toshiharu, UEDA Kanji

  人工知能学会全国大会論文集 = Proceedings of the Annual Conference of JSAI, Jun. 1998, Japanese


• 適応成長型形状モデルを用いた空間デザインの支援方法論

  長坂 一郎, 田浦 俊春

  精密工学会大会学術講演会講演論文集, Mar. 1998, Japanese


• 生成ルールに注目した3D形状モデルに基づく設計支援(第2報) -形状特徴の抽出-

  山岸 淳, 長坂 一郎, 田浦 俊春

  精密工学会大会学術講演会講演論文集, Mar. 1997, Japanese


• 生成ルールに注目した3D形状モデルに基づく設計支援(第1報) -空間デザインへの応用-

  長坂 一郎, 田浦 俊春, 山岸 淳

  精密工学会大会学術講演会講演論文集, Mar. 1997, Japanese


• エンジニアリング知識メディアの研究(第2報) -ネットワーク環境における形状デザインの支援-

  山岸 淳, 田浦 俊春, 長坂 一郎

  精密工学会大会学術講演会講演論文集, Mar. 1996, Japanese

• Design Research Society


• 人工知能学会


• 科学基礎論学会


• 精密工学会


• 日本デザイン学会

• 「動き」がデザインの評価に与える影響についての実証的研究

  長坂 一郎

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C), 基盤研究(C), 神戸大学, 01 Apr. 2021 - 31 Mar. 2025

  本年度は、「課題 1: デザイン対象物を用いたフローズン・エフェクトの再現実験」をファッション・デザインを題材として行った。具体的には、Covid-19 の影響から実験は Web 上で行い、Web 上での購買状況により近い形で行うこととなった。その結果、ファッションデザインでも Frozen Effect が再現することがわかり、また、服の種類や使用方法によって、その評価が有意に異なることが明らかになっている。15 名に対して、4 カテゴリー(スカート、 シャツ、パンツ、ジャケット)の服をぞれぞれ 8 着ずつ、計 32 着の衣服を用意し、それぞれの 動画(1秒間、1280 × 720 ピクセル、30fps)と、その動画を構成している静止画 30 枚をランダ ムに被験者に提示した。提示される画像は、動画 32、静止画 960 枚の計 992 であり、動画と画 像がランダムな順序で提示された。この刺激を Web 上で被験者に提示し、「全く魅力的でない」 から「とても魅力的である」までの7件法で評価してもらった。この実験の結果、動画と静止画の間には明らかな差がすでに見られており、フローズン・エフェクトがファッション・デザインの領域においても再現されることが確認された。次に、「課題 2: 「動き」の種類によるデザイン評価の変動の測定」であるが、初めにファッション・デザインを題材とし、「動き」を 3 種類用意して実験をする準備を進めている。本実験も今のところ Web 上で行われる可能性が高いが、感染対策を十分に行った上で、対面による実施することも視野に入れている。


• 創造性の論理的・ 技術的探求に基づくデザイン共創環境の構築と教育プログラムの開発

  渡辺 俊, 長坂 一郎, 大崎 純, 藤井 晴行

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 筑波大学, 01 Apr. 2020 - 31 Mar. 2023

  研究代表者および研究分担者それぞれによる創造性の論理的・ 技術的探求に基づき、建築情報学会にてラウンドテーブルを企画し、これまでの研究成果について議論した。 まず、建築情報学に関わる研究の流れを概観し、デザインのためのメディアとしての情報技術の展開を総括した。これを「人間の拡張がメディアの本質である」との知見から見た時、情報技術は、記憶力・思考力を拡張するメディアとして進化してきたものの、創造力を拡張するメディアには至っていないことを指摘するとともに、創造性を育むためのデザイン思考はプロセス論に留まっていて、いかにして社会が求めるイノベーションを生み出すかが問われていることを確認した。そこで、渡辺は“探索”という視点から、デザインにおける網羅的な可能性を検討するための探索技術について、ル・コルビュジエのモデュロール羽目板パズルを全探索した事例を示すとともに、無限の可能性のさらに外側にある創造的な飛躍の事例を紹介した。大崎は“評価”という視点から、単純作業の効率化や発想の支援を行う上で数理的手法の利用が不可欠なことを解説する一方で、安易にツールを使う危険性を指摘するとともに、機械学習や強化学習による構造最適化について骨組みのブレース配置を事例に紹介した。藤井は“表現”という視点から、論理的飛躍を形式表現するという矛盾を認識した上で、我々が記号として扱える部分は自覚的に経験している一部分であり、規定された手続きからでも価値のあるものが生まれる可能性に言及するとともに、デザインスペースから別のデザインスペースへの飛躍が鍵となることを指摘した。長坂は“記述”という視点から、デザイン思考の中心にあるユーザーの使用に言及し、人工物の使用の定式化として証明的意味論の立場から表出条件と調和条件について解説するとともに、使用の観察としてフローズンエフェクトに関する心理学の実験を紹介した。


• 感性と使用に基づくファッションデザインの設計論の構築とその工学への適用

  長坂 一郎

  日本学術振興会, 学術研究助成基金助成金／基盤研究(C), 基盤研究(C), 神戸大学, Apr. 2017 - Mar. 2020, Principal investigator

  (1)「現在提案されている多くの工学的設計論をサーベイ」することについて は、吉川の一般設計学とクリストファー・アレグザンダーの『形の合成に関す るノート』に加えて、ポール & バイツの『工学設計: 体系的アプローチ』 や、最近提唱されている「デザイン思考」、そして、経済学で提案されている メカニズムデザインやサービス・デザインなど、多くの設計論についてのサー ベイを行った。(2)「ファッションデザインの設計実験による検証」については、ファッションデザインにおけるフローズンエフェクトの再現、さらには、基本的な使用についての評価は終了している。具体的には、Covid-19 の影響から実験は Web 上で行い、Web 上での購買状況により近い形で行うこととなった。その結果、ファッションデザインでも Frozen Effect が再現することがわかり、また、服の種類や使用方法によって、その評価が有意に異なることが明らかになっている。(3)「工学分野(建築)への応用による感性と使用に基づく設計論の一般性の検証」については、デザイン行為の逸脱について、論理的基盤に立ち戻り検討を行なった。その結果、逸脱とはまず表出要件を満たさないか、あるいは調和条件を満たさない使用のことだということが示唆されたが、ファッションデザインにおける Frozen Effect 実験の結果により、こうした逸脱した使用については、一般にユーザーは低く評価するということがわかった。そして、本年度はこの(2)の結果と(3)の考察を結びつけ、「感性と使用に基づく設計論の構築」を行った。具体的には、このファッションにおける「着る」という使用の場面を「住む」という使用の場面に応用し、その具体的な使用の場面において、感性と使用がどう結びつくのかを検討し、その成果のもとに感性と使用に基づく設計論の構築を行っている。

  Competitive research funding


• Study on Design Intellect focusing of the Semantic Structure and Practical Roles of Symbol Operation in Design Thought

  FUJII HARUYUKI, YASUDA Kei

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 01 Apr. 2016 - 31 Mar. 2019

  What is designing? We have been trying to make a comprehensive answer to this question through construction of theoretical models representing features in designing. Symbol operations, computation in some sense, in designing are focused on from schematic, numerical, and logical aspects. Computational systems of designing are installed as the testbeds by employing computational technique of generation, enumeration, optimization, machine learning, machine translation, pattern recognition, proof, etc. We observed how design students interact with the systems to find key issues in education of science of design. The models are applied to explain styles of vernacular houses and contemporary buildings, i.e., Ryukyu houses, houses designed by Le Corbusier, Berlin Jewish Museum designed by Libeskind, etc. We convinced that the models are representing some important features in designing. Some findings and insights for design education are introduced in international and domestic seminars.


• Construction ofpattern language of action sequences for resolving conflicts in life environment

  NAGASAKA Ichiro, MOTOE Masashige, KONDO Shinsuke

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Kobe University, 2010 - 2012, Principal investigator

  In this research project, we proposed a design framework called pattern language of action sequence and developed a schematic landscape diagram of the space-time paths for movement analysis by firstly observing individual activities in an office and collecting trajectory data, and secondly developing a framework for the landscape diagram and analyzing the trajectory data to extract the pattern of the movement. Here, the interpretation of the patterns of trajectories becomes accurate as the number of trajectories increases. Based on the framework, in order to resolve conflicts in life environment, we examined representation for visualizing the differences between the best action sequence and actual sequences using causal loop diagramsand developed database of patterns of causal loop diagrams as a case of life-cycle design problems.

  Competitive research funding


• Mereology and Ontology-Historical Analysis and Contemporary Investigations

  MATSUDA Tsuyoshi, NAKAYAMA Yasuo, KATO Masato, NAGASAKA Ichiro, CYATANI Naoto

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kobe University, 2010 - 2012

  A view to the development and its logical structure of the relatively still unknown theme in Japan, that is“Mereology and Ontology”in the western philosophy from the start to modern age is shown by this research. Thereby we can verify the efficiency and rich possibilities of this research program of“The Whole and its Parts”especially in terms of the problematic of life and mind from the historical and analytical viewpoints.

  Competitive research funding


• Ideological Background of Christopher Alexander's Early Theory of Design

  NAGASAKA Ichiro

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Kobe University, 2007 - 2009, Principal investigator

  In this research project, we describe the overall picture of the pattern language by examining the literature in the 1960s based on the correspondence to the mathematical structuralism and the Hilbert's formalism. We examine the semantics of pattern language and show that Alexander's definition of the design problems gives the semantic framework of the language. After describing the pattern language can be regarded as a syntactical object like proofs in the formal systems, we discuss the limit of the pattern language and give one possible reason why he needed to explore "geometric features" of forms generated by the patterns.

  Competitive research funding


• 人間・環境間のインタフェースとしての学習システム設計に関する研究

  長坂 一郎

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 若手研究(B), 若手研究(B), 神戸大学, 2003 - 2004

  本年度は,上の成果をもとに,<人間-環境>間のインタフェースとしての学習システムの設計方法論を構築した.具体的には,人と環境間のインタラクションを通してインタフェースの情報構造が変化する過程をクラシファイアシステムをもとに数学的に記述した.これによって,昨年度までに構築した<人間-学習システム>間および<学習システム-環境>間の数理的モデルと併せて,人と環境を含めた総合的な学習システムの設計方法論が数理的に実現された. そして,これをもとに具体的な学習システムを設計し,有効性を検証した.従来の学習システムの一般的構成を議論する場合,環境とのインタフェースは問題依存のものとしてブラックボックス的な扱いであり,具体的な構造は示されないことが多かった.CFSにおいてもinput, output interfaceの構造は明確に定義されていない.そこで,CFS内部の知識構造を一旦固定し,柔軟なインタフェース構造によって学習過程を実現する学習システムの設計方法論を構築した.そして,これに基づいてCFSの再設計を行った.具体的には、もっとも一般的な構成のCFSをベースに、CFSが持つクラシファイアと呼ばれるプロダクション・ルールの集合をインタフェースによって選択的に学習システムの環境に対応させる方法を考案した。これを実装するためには,ルール群のどの部分を環境に参照させ、また、逆に環境のどの部分をルールに適用させるかをインタフェースの機能として記述し,それに基づいて実装する必要があるが,そのパラメータのチューニングの根拠を見い出せずにいるのが現状である.この辺りは従来までシステム設計者のトライ・アンド・エラーに因っていたが,今後の形式的モデルに反映するため,これらの作業の根拠も何らかの数理的な知見が必要である.今後学習システムの典型的なベンチマークテストを用い,ルールの選択的適用の基準を明確化していくことで,最終的に人間・環境間のインタフェースとしての学習システム設計の数理モデルの現実性を速やかに検証したい.


• Emergent Design Theories in Interactive Information Fields

  KITAMURA Shinzo, TAMAKI Hisashi, NAGSAKA Ichiro, KIKUCHI Makoto, MURAO Hajime

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kobe University, 2002 - 2003

  The project aimed at clarifying and also interpreting the creativity and the comprehensive ability of human which were revealed in the process of designing artifacts, and included the following sub-themes : (1) analysis of the mathematical structure of "interactive information fields" which describe the informational flow between human and computers, (2) emergent design theories based on learning (application of reinforcement learning to such problems that the information on an environment is incomplete), and (3) emergent design theories based on interaction (application of interactive evolutionary computation to such problems that the specification is also incomplete). In the course of the sub-theme (1), first by taking classifier systems for the example, their mathematical modeling based on the situation theory and the channel theory was investigated. As for the abstract design theory, by focusing on abduction, the mathematical formulation of non-deductive reasoning was given, which clarified the relationship among induction, abduction and system design. In the sub-theme (2), the frameworks based on reinforcement learning and genetics-based machine learning were reconstructed as the mechanism of acquiring the internal model of an environment as well as seeking for a solution. Through some computational experiments for the problems of real-time scheduling, generating a walking pattern of biped robots, navigating a robot, and so on, the effectiveness of the frameworks was examined. Furthermore, in the sub-theme (3), methods of interactive evolutionary computation, which utilized the ambiguous decisions of human, were mainly considered. The computational models of a co-evolutionary genetic algorithm as well as a genetic algorithm with sexual selection were investigated, and the potential of these models was confirmed through computational experiments.


• The construction of Abstract Design Theory and its development

  KAKUDA Yuzuru, NAGASAKA Ichiro, KIKUCHI Makoto

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), KOBE UNIVERSITY, 2001 - 2002

  We defined directly the concept of information flow using the notion of conditional morphism which is different from the notion of infomorphism in Barwise-Seligman's Channel Theory, and showed that they are equivalent. (The proof of the completeness and soundness) The above result allows us to define a concept of an entity, an image of an entity, a function of an entity, and an attribute of an entity, and a scheme of their relations by regarding an information flow between a classification of a theory of desires or requirements and a classification of behaviors of entities and a channel covering the information flow as an idealized production and a design respectively. We introduced the concept of an uncertain classification, and developed design theory based on it, and showed results which is similar to the above, since we can't handle the incompleteness of our knowledge and hence we can't describe an design theory for a realistic case when we use only standard classifications. We formalized a set theory ZF^± which contains a notion "containing uncertainly" to consider the uncertainty fundamentally, and proved its consistency from the consistency of ZF. We describe Bloom's discussion on education with taxonomy in mathematical way, by applying Abstract Design Theory to education. We introduced the concept of a multiple classification to develop a concept of synthesis in design theory in a mathematical and rigorous way, and develop a theory of information flow about it.