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ISHIHARA Toru
Graduate School of Human Development and Environment / Department of Human Development
Associate Professor

Researcher basic information

■ Research news
  • 01 Jul. 2021, Benefits of acute aerobic exercise on cognitive function: Why do 50% of studies find no connection?
    Link to Kobe Univ. HP
  • 18 Jun. 2021, How childhood exercise could maintain and promote cognitive function in later life
    Link to Kobe Univ. HP
■ Research Keyword
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Health Psychology
  • Exercise Psychology
  • Human Connectome
  • MRI
  • fNIRS
■ Research Areas
  • Life sciences / Cognitive neuroscience
  • Life sciences / Neuroscience - general
  • Life sciences / Sports science
  • Life sciences / Nutrition and health science
■ Committee History
  • Apr. 2024 - Present, Japan Human Brain Mapping Society, Program Committee
  • Sep. 2020 - Present, 一般社団法人日本体力医学会, 評議員
  • Apr. 2020 - Present, 日本テニス学会, 運営委員

Research activity information

■ Award
  • Jun. 2023 前之園記念若手優秀論文賞
    Toru Ishihara

  • Mar. 2020 日本発育発達学会, 第17回大会優秀研究賞
    石原 暢

  • Sep. 2019 Japanese Society for Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, International Academic Exchange Award
    Toru Ishihara

  • Mar. 2019 Japan Human Brain Mapping Society, Young Investigator Award
    石原 暢

  • Mar. 2018 Japan Human Brain Mapping Society, Young Investigator Award
    Toru Ishihara

  • Nov. 2016 Hokkaido Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, Young Investigator Award
    Toru Ishihara

  • Dec. 2015 Japan Society on Tennis Science, Research Award
    Toru Ishihara

■ Paper
  • Toru Ishihara, Hiroki Tanaka, Toko Kiyonari, Tetsuya Matsuda, Haruto Takagishi
    How humans achieve such a high degree of prosocial behavior is a subject of considerable interest. Exploration of the neural foundations of human prosociality has garnered significant attention in recent decades. Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms underlying human prosociality remain to be elucidated. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed multimodal brain imaging data and data from 15 economic games. The results revealed several significant associations between brain characteristics and prosocial behavior, including stronger interhemispheric connectivity and larger corpus callosum volume. Greater functional segregation and integration, alongside fewer myelin maps combined with a thicker cortex, were linked to prosocial behavior, particularly within the social brain regions. The current study demonstrates that these metrics serve as brain markers of human prosocial behavior and provides novel insights into the structural and functional brain basis of human prosocial behavior.
    Lead, Society for Neuroscience, Feb. 2025, eNeuro, 12(3) (3), ENEURO.0304 - 24.2025, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Qian Yu, Zhihao Zhang, Sebastian Ludyga, Kirk I. Erickson, Boris Cheval, Meijun Hou, Dominika M. Pindus, Charles H. Hillman, Arthur F. Kramer, Ryan S. Falck, Teresa Liu‐Ambrose, Jin Kuang, Sean P. Mullen, Keita Kamijo, Toru Ishihara, David A. Raichlen, Matthew Heath, David Moreau, André O. Werneck, Fabian Herold, Liye Zou
    Abstract Acknowledging the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting, this study examined the effects of an acute exercise break during prolonged sitting on executive function, cortical hemodynamics, and microvascular status. In this randomized crossover study, 71 college students completed three conditions: (i) uninterrupted sitting (SIT); (ii) SIT with a 15 min moderate‐intensity cycling break (MIC); and (iii) SIT with a 15 min vigorous‐intensity cycling break (VIC). Behavioral outcomes, retinal vessel diameters (central retinal artery equivalents [CRAE], retinal vein equivalents [CRVE], arteriovenous ratio [AVR]), cortical activation, and effective connectivity were evaluated. Linear mixed models identified significant positive effects of exercise conditions on behavioral reaction time (RT), error rate, and inverse efficiency score (β = −2.62, −0.19, −3.04: ps < 0.05). MIC and VIC conditions produced pre‐to‐post‐intervention increases in CRAE and CRVE (β = 4.46, 6.34), frontal activation, and resting‐state and task‐state causal density (β = 0.37, 0.06) (ps < 0.05) compared to SIT; VIC was more beneficial for executive function and neurobiological parameters. The effect of AVR on average RT was mediated through task‐based causal density (indirect effect: −0.82). Acutely interrupting prolonged sitting improves executive function, microvascular status, and cortical activation and connectivity, with causal density mediating the microvascular‐executive function link.
    Wiley, Nov. 2024, Advanced Science, 2406631, English, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Noriteru Morita, Toru Ishihara, Charles H. Hillman, Keita Kamijo
    Elsevier BV, Nov. 2024, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
    Scientific journal

  • Xinmei Deng, Yangdi Chen, Kexin Chen, Sebastian Ludyga, Zhihao Zhang, Boris Cheval, Weijia Zhu, Jianyu Chen, Toru Ishihara, Meijun Hou, Yangping Gao, Keita Kamijo, Qian Yu, Charles H. Hillman, Arthur F. Kramer, Kirk I. Erickson, Anthony G. Delli Paoli, Terry McMorris, Markus Gerber, Jin Kuang, Zhihui Cheng, Dominika Pindus, Olivier Dupuy, Matthew Heath, Fabian Herold, Liye Zou
    Elsevier BV, Oct. 2024, Brain and Cognition, 180, 106205 - 106205, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Nicolas Robin, Miguel Crespo, Toru Ishihara, Robbin Carien, Cyril Brechbuhl, Olivier Hue, Laurent Dominique
    Purpose This research investigated the pre-, per- and post cooling strategies used by competitive tennis players from various levels of play who occasionally train and compete in hot (&gt;28°C) and humid (&gt;60% rH), and dry (&lt;60% rH) environments. Methods 129 male tennis players (Mage = 24.9) competing at regional (N = 54), national (N = 30) and international (N = 45) levels, completed an online questionnaire regarding their use (i.e., timing, type, justification and effectiveness) of pre- (i.e., before practice), per- (i.e., during exercise) and post-cooling strategies when playing tennis in hot dry (HD) and hot humid (HH) conditions. Individual follow-up interviews were also carried on 3 participants to gain an in-depth understanding of the player's experience. Results Competitive tennis players used both internal and external cooling strategies to combat the negative effects of HD and HH conditions, but considered the HH to be more stressful than HD and experienced more heat-related illness in HH environments. International players used cold packs and cold towel more frequently than the regional and national players in hot environments, and used cold water immersion and cold vest more frequently than the latter in HH. Differences in strategy use were mostly observed during per-cooling where regional and national players more frequently used cold drinks than international players who more frequently used cold packs in HD and cold towel in HH conditions. Moreover the latter more frequently used cold towel, cold packs and cold water immersion as post-cooling strategies than regional players. Conclusion When playing tennis in the heat, it is strongly recommended to employ cooling strategies to maintain health, limit declines in performance, and promote recovery. We also recommend improving education regarding the appropriate use and effectiveness of cooling strategies, and increasing their availability in tournaments.
    Frontiers Media SA, Sep. 2024, Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Shubing Li, Junko Yamada, Toru Ishihara, Kuniyuki Nishina, Shota Nishitani, Tetsuhiko Sasaki, Tetsuya Matsuda, Mino Inoue-Murayama, Haruto Takagishi
    Abstract DNA methylation is a type of epigenetic modification known to exhibit fluctuations in response to environmental factors. The association of macrosocial factors, such as interpersonal mobility, on methylation has seldom been investigated. This study aimed to examine the association of relational mobility, defined as the extent to which individuals can form and replace social relationships, on the DNA methylation of oxytocin receptor genes. DNA was extracted from the buccal cells of 95 adult participants (50 men and 45 women) and subjected to microarray analysis of DNA methylation using Illumina EPIC v2.0. The findings indicate that the oxytocin receptor gene’s methylation level was higher in individuals residing in low relational mobility social environments. The CpG site associated with relational mobility is an enhancer region, indicating that social environments with low relational mobility exert a suppressive effect on the transcriptional efficiency of the oxytocin receptor gene. Significance Statement The association between DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene and relational mobility was examined in 95 adults in their 20s to 60s, and found that those living in social environments with lower levels of relationship mobility had higher rates of DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene. This study is a novel approach to a problem discussed in the social sciences using new analytical techniques in epigenomics.
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Aug. 2024

  • Sebastian Ludyga, Fabienne Bruggisser, Rahel Leuenberger, Toru Ishihara, Keita Kamijo, Mark Brotzmann, Sarah Trescher, Markus Förster, Markus Gerber
    Abstract Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairments in response inhibition, especially in socio‐emotional contexts. A single aerobic exercise session has the potential to temporarily reduce such impairments as findings from neurotypical children support acute benefits of this exercise type for inhibitory control and emotion recognition. In children with ASD, we therefore aimed to investigate the effects of an aerobic exercise bout on response inhibition in an emotional Go/NoGo task and gaze fixation as possible mechanism underlying changes in performance. Using a cross‐over design, 29 patients completed a 20‐min aerobic exercise bout at moderate intensity on a cycling ergometer and a control condition in a randomized order. An emotional Go/NoGo task was administered before and after both experimental conditions. Eye‐tracking was performed during the cognitive task to assess the duration of gaze fixation of eyes and mouth parts of faces expressing happy or sad emotions. The results support no beneficial effect of exercise on performance on the emotional Go/NoGo task. Instead, patients showed a greater decrease in accuracy on Go trials displaying happy faces in the exercise compared to the control condition. This change was associated with a more pronounced decrease in the fixation duration of the eyes for faces expressing either happy or sad emotions. In conclusion, while a single session of moderately intense aerobic exercise does not affect response inhibition, it temporarily aggravates ASD‐specific deficits in the processing of and response to facial emotions.
    Wiley, Aug. 2024, Autism Research, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Qian Yu, Zhaowei Kong, Liye Zou, Fabian Herold, Sebastian Ludyga, Zhihao Zhang, Meijun Hou, Arthur F. Kramer, Kirk I. Erickson, Marco Taubert, Charles H. Hillman, Sean P. Mullen, Markus Gerber, Notger G. Müller, Keita Kamijo, Toru Ishihara, Robert Schinke, Boris Cheval, Terry McMorris, Ka Kit Wong, Qingde Shi, Jinlei Nie
    Elsevier BV, Jul. 2024, International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 24(3) (3), 100498 - 100498, English, Co-authored internationally
    Scientific journal

  • Fabian Herold, Liye Zou, Paula Theobald, Patrick Manser, Ryan S. Falck, Qian Yu, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Charles H. Hillman, Arthur K. Kramer, Kirk I. Erickson, Boris Cheval, Yanixa Chen, Matthew Heath, Zhihao Zhang, Toru Ishihara, Keita Kamijo, Soichi Ando, Yanping Gao, Joseph P. Costello, Meijun Hou, Mats Hallgren, Zhuhui Chen, David Moreau, Vahid Farrahi, David A. Raichlen, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Michael J. Wheeler, Neville Owen, Sebastian Ludyga, Henning Budde, Thomas Gronwald
    Society for Transparency, Openness, and Replication in Kinesiology, May 2024, SportRxiv, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    Research society

  • Toru Ishihara, Shinnosuke Hashimoto, Natsuki Tamba, Kazuki Hyodo, Tetsuya Matsuda, Haruto Takagishi
    Abstract The prevalence of physically inactive lifestyles in modern society raises concerns about the potential association with poor brain health, particularly in the lateral prefrontal cortex, which is crucial for human prosocial behavior. Here, we explored the relationship between physical activity and prosocial behavior, focusing on potential neural markers, including intra-brain functional connectivity and inter-brain synchrony in the lateral prefrontal cortex. Forty participants, each paired with a stranger, completed two experimental conditions in a randomized order: (i) face-to-face and (ii) face stimulus (eye-to-eye contact with a face stimulus of a fictitious person displayed on the screen). Following each condition, participants played economic games with either their partner or an assumed person displayed on the screen. Neural activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex was recorded by functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning. Sparse multiset canonical correlation analysis showed that a physically inactive lifestyle was covaried with poorer reciprocity, greater trust, shorter decision-making time, and weaker intra-brain connectivity in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and poorer inter-brain synchrony in the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex. These associations were observed exclusively in the face-to-face condition. Our findings suggest that a physically inactive lifestyle may alter human prosocial behavior by impairing adaptable prosocial decision-making in response to social factors through altered intra-brain functional connectivity and inter-brain synchrony.
    Oxford University Press (OUP), Jan. 2024, Cerebral Cortex, 34(2) (2), bhad509, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Mohamed Aly, Toru Ishihara, Suguru Torii, Keita Kamijo
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Dec. 2023, Archives of Women's Mental Health, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Yuta Kuroda, Toru Ishihara, Keita Kamijo
    Elsevier BV, Dec. 2023, Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 33, 100210 - 100210, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Marino Kawamoto, Haruto Takagishi, Toru Ishihara, Shunsuke Takagi, Ryota Kanai, Genichi Sugihara, Hidehiko Takahashi, Tetsuya Matsuda
    Abstract Childhood abuse reduces hippocampal and amygdala volumes and impairs social cognition, including the ability to recognize facial expressions. However, these associations have been studied primarily in individuals with a history of severe abuse and psychiatric symptoms; researchers have not determined whether these associations can also be observed in healthy adults. In the present study, we analyzed data from 400 healthy adults (208 men and 192 women) at Tamagawa University. Parental rejection reflecting childhood abuse was assessed using the short form of Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran, while social cognition was assessed using the “Fake Smile Detection Task.” Hippocampal and amygdala volumes were extracted from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data using FreeSurfer. We found that greater parental rejection resulted in smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes and poorer performance in the Fake Smile Detection Task. Structural equation modeling analysis supported the model that hippocampal volume mediates maternal rejection effect on performance on the Fake Smile Detection Task, with involvement of the amygdala. These findings are in line with the structural and functional connectivity found between the hippocampus and amygdala and their joint involvement in social cognition. Therefore, parental rejection may affect hippocampal and amygdala volumes and social cognitive function even in symptom-free adults.
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Nov. 2023, Scientific Reports, 13(1) (1), English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Xun Luo, Fabian Herold, Sebastian Ludyga, Markus Gerber, Keita Kamijo, Matthew B. Pontifex, Charles H. Hillman, Bandon L. Alderman, Notger G. Müller, Arthur F. Kramer, Toru Ishihara, Wook Song, Liye Zou
    It is well-documented in the literature that high levels of regular physical activity (PA), low levels of sedentary behavior (SB), and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with superior cognitive functioning, especially with regard to older populations. However, concerning other age groups (e.g., preschoolers) the available evidence documenting such a positive relationship is relatively scarce. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association of time spent in different PA intensity zones and CRF with executive functions (EFs) in preschool-age children. To this end, preschoolers (n = 127) aged 3 to 6 years were recruited from 9 kindergarten classes in 2 districts of Shenzhen, China. The amount and the intensity of PA were assessed via accelerometry, and the CRF level was quantified by the 20-meter shuttle run test. EFs including inhibitory control and working memory were assessed using the one-on-one iPad-based Early Year Toolbox. Results suggested that children who had a higher CRF level ("impulse control" scores: β = 0.34, p < .001; "Go" accuracy: β = 0.31, p < .001; "No-Go" accuracy: β =0.28, < .001) and spentmore time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) ("impulse control" scores: β = 0.50, p < .001; No-Go" accuracy: β = 0.52, p < .001) had higher scores on inhibitory control tasks, and those who had a higher CRF level had higher scores on a working memory task (β = 0.24, p < .05). The findings are discussed in light of the positive roles of MVPA and CRF for promoting EFs, but also consider the disproportionate association of PA and CRF with working memory relative to inhibition.
    Aug. 2023, International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 23(4) (4), 100400 - 100400, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Hiroki Tanaka, Toko Kiyonari, Tetsuya Matsuda, Haruto Takagishi
    How is the high degree of prosocial behavior that characterizes humans achieved? Here, we examined the structural and functional basis of the human brain with prosocial behavior using multimodal brain imaging data and 15 economic games. We identified that stronger interhemispheric connectivity, greater corpus callosum volume, higher functional segregation and integration, and fewer myelin maps combined with a thicker cortex were strongly associated with prosocial behavior. These associations were found especially in the social brain regions. This suggests that the strength of functional/structural connectivity between the left and right hemispheres, the strength of modular and efficient networks, and the high number of non-myelinated cells (i.e., dendrites, spines, synapses, and glia) are strongly associated with higher prosocial behavior in humans, particularly in the social brain regions.
    Lead, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, May 2023, bioRxiv 2023.05.26.541897; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.26.541897, English

  • 子どもの習慣的運動と脳構造・機能
    石原暢
    Lead, Apr. 2023, 子どもと発育発達, 21(1) (1), 15 - 19, Japanese, Domestic magazine
    [Invited]
    Scientific journal

  • 幼少期の運動経験が後年の認知機能を維持・増進させる脳内ネットワークと皮質構造の変化
    石原暢
    Lead, Mar. 2023, 玉川大学脳科学研究所紀要, 16, 43 - 44, Japanese
    Research institution

  • Chiaki Ishiguro, Toru Ishihara, Noriteru Morita
    Abstract The present longitudinal study examined whether extracurricular activities in the arts and corresponding scores in art classes have a positive association with general academic performance. Data were collected from 488 seventh-grade children (259 boys and 229 girls) for over two years. Information regarding their participation in extracurricular activities in music and visual arts, grade points in general academic performance (i.e., Japanese, Social Studies, Mathematics, Science, and English), music, and arts were obtained at the end of the seventh and ninth grades. Structural equation modeling revealed that participation in extracurricular activities in both music and visual arts was positively associated with improvements in general academic performance from the seventh and ninth grades, and these associations were related to changes in music and visual arts scores. This finding suggests that arts education can contribute to improving general academic performance; however, the current study shows correlational relationships. Future research should examine the causal relationship between art involvement and academic performance by controlling for other factors (e.g., IQ, motivation, etc.).
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Mar. 2023, npj Science of Learning, 8(1) (1), 7, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Editorial: Performance optimization in racket sports: The influence of psychological techniques, factors, and strategies
    Nicolas Robin, Toru Ishihara, Emma Guillet-Descas, Miguel Crespo
    Feb. 2023, Frontiers Psychology, 14, 1140681, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    Scientific journal

  • Yuta Kuroda, Toru Ishihara, Masao Mizuno
    Serve in tennis is a very important strokes and is positively correlated with the rankings of the Association of Tennis Professionals ranking. This study investigated the associations between time-course changes in the ratings for perceived exertion, executive function, and second serve accuracy during 30-min tennis exercise sessions. Eleven Japanese male tennis players participated in the study, and their executive function and second serve performance were evaluated using the paper version of the Stroop Color and Word Test, followed by a serve performance test. The participants took part in a 30-min tennis exercise program and performed the Stroop Color and Word Test, heart rate (HR) check, and second serve accuracy test before and after the tennis exercise. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationships between the ratings for perceived exertion, interference scores on Stroop Color and Word Test performance, and second serve performance. Post exercise, the rating of perceived exertion tended to correlate with serve accuracy (r = -0.57, p = 0.07) and interference score (r = 0.65, p = 0.03). The pre-to-post changes in second serve accuracy were negatively associated with the changes in interference score (r = -0.54, p = 0.08) and interference score in the posttest (r = -0.73, p = 0.01). The results suggest that time-course changes in executive function when playing tennis are positively associated with the accuracy of the second serve. These findings expand the previous knowledge regarding the positive association between time-course changes in executive functions and percentage of points won when playing tennis by including more specific skills (i.e., second serve accuracy).
    Jan. 2023, Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1007928 - 1007928, English, International magazine
    Scientific journal

  • Chong Chen, Suk Yu Yau, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Toru Ishihara
    Frontiers Media SA, Nov. 2022, Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 16, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Nicolas Robin, Takashi Naito, Munenori Murata, Miguel Crespo
    Wiley, Oct. 2022, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 32(10) (10), 1516 - 1518, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal
    Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)

  • Sebastian Ludyga, Toru Ishihara, Keita Kamijo
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Oct. 2022, Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 50(4) (4), 203 - 212, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Atsushi Miyazaki, Hiroki Tanaka, Tetsuya Matsuda
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Oct. 2022, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 54(10) (10), 1738 - 1750, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal
    Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)

  • Sebastian Ludyga, Toru Ishihara
    Elsevier BV, Aug. 2022, NeuroImage: Clinical, 35, 103141 - 103141, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Noriteru Morita, Toru Ishihara, Rihito Yamamoto, Noriyuki Shide, Tomoyasu Okuda
    Informa {UK} Limited, May 2022, Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(9) (9), 976 - 983, English
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Akira Kyan
    The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, May 2022, The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine. Special Issue: Physical Fitness Matter: Epidemiology & Measurement., 11(3) (3), 137 - 147, English, International magazine
    [Refereed][Invited]
    Scientific journal
    Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)

  • 身体機能とワーキングメモリーの関係に関わる脳神経ネットワークの同定：1,000名超の健常成人を対象とした機能的磁気共鳴画像法を用いた検討
    石原暢
    Lead, Mar. 2022, 玉川大学脳科学研究所紀要, 15, 30 - 31, Japanese
    Research institution

  • Mitchell Turner, Toru Ishihara, Philipp Beranek, Kate Turner, Job Fransen, Philipp Born, Travis Cruickshank
    Sport engagement, including tennis, and physical activity have been shown to have a positive influence on cognition in children. However, age has also been found to have a strong association with cognition in youth athletes. This study examines the threshold hypothesis by investigating the moderating role of age and maturation on the association between tennis experience and cognitive measures in Australian and German junior beginner to intermediate-level tennis players. The demographic information, which includes years of tennis experience, and anthropometrics (e.g. height and weight) was collected for 48 junior tennis players. A comprehensive cognitive testing battery was then completed to assess cognitive performance, with a principle component analysis used to determine an overall cognitive performance score. Multiple regression analyses were then performed to test the relationship between tennis experience and cognitive performance as well as the moderating effects of age and maturation. The results of this study indicate that the age and maturation rather than the exposure to tennis training are related to cognitive performance. Additionally, the positive relations of tennis experience to cognitive performance were stronger in younger participants, specifically those younger than 12 years old. Therefore, tennis may not provide a stimulus large enough for further cognitive improvement once players have developed a high level of cognitive performance. While age and biological maturity will largely dictate cognitive performance in adolescents, tennis experience may play some role in the cognitive performance of children (specifically <12 years of age).
    SAGE Publications, Jan. 2022, International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 174795412110558 - 174795412110558, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • 身体運動が高める脳力と言葉の力
    紙上敬太, 石原暢
    Jan. 2022, 体育の科学, 72(1) (1), 16 - 20
    [Invited]
    Research society

  • Toru Ishihara, Noriteru Morita, Toshihiro Nakajima, Koji Yamatsu, Koichi Okita, Masato Sagawa, Keita Kamijo
    AbstractAccumulating evidence shows a beneficial association between physical fitness and school children’s academic performance. However, several other studies have failed to demonstrate such an association. We reanalyzed data of a two-year longitudinal study of the association between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and academic performance of school children by focusing on intra-individual variability in grade points as a possible source of this discrepancy. We analyzed data from 469 junior high school students to examine if improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness had a differential effect on an individual student’s worst and best grade points. Results indicated that improvements in physical fitness were associated with an improvement in the worst grade points. On the contrary, we did not observe a similar longitudinal association with the best grade points. These findings suggest that improving cardiorespiratory fitness improves the worst grade points of an individual, selectively. We suggest that intra-individual variability in grade points might moderate the association between physical fitness and academic performance changes.
    Lead, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Dec. 2021, npj Science of Learning, 6(1) (1), 8 - 8, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal
    Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)

  • Toru Ishihara, Eric S. Drollette, Sebastian Ludyga, Charles H. Hillman, Keita Kamijo
    An increasing number of studies has focused on the after-effects of acute aerobic exercise on executive function. To date, empirical evidence lacks consensus regarding whether acute aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on executive function. To identify possible sources of this discrepancy, the present study focused on executive function demands and pre-test cognitive performance, and performed the first meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD meta-analysis) in this area of research. Results indicated that the beneficial after-effects of acute aerobic exercise on cognitive performance were greater in participants with lower cognitive performance at pre-test. Acute aerobic exercise offered general benefits to cognitive performance irrespective of executive function demands, when pre-test cognitive performance was appropriately controlled. Thus, the present IPD meta-analysis suggests that pre-test cognitive performance is one possible source of the conflicting findings in acute exercise studies. Future research is encouraged to consider pre-test cognitive performance to avoid underestimating the beneficial after-effects of acute exercise.
    Lead, Elsevier BV, Sep. 2021, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 128, 258 - 269, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal
    Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)

  • Toru Ishihara, Atsushi Miyazaki, Hiroki Tanaka, Takayuki Fujii, Muneyoshi Takahashi, Kuniyuki Nishina, Kei Kanari, Haruto Takagishi, Tetsuya Matsuda
    Participation in exercise during early life (i.e., childhood through adolescence) enhances response inhibition; however, it is unclear whether participation in exercise during early life positively predicts response inhibition in later life. This historical cohort study was designed to clarify whether participation in exercise (e.g., structured sports participation) during early life predicts response inhibition in adulthood and if so, to reveal the brain connectivity and cortical structures contributing to this association. We analyzed data derived from 214 participants (women = 104, men = 110; age: 26‒69 years). Results indicated that participation in exercise during childhood (before entering junior high school; ≤ 12 years old) significantly predicted better response inhibition. No such association was found if exercise participation took place in early adolescence or later (junior high school or high school; ≥ 12 years old). The positive association of exercise participation during childhood with response inhibition was moderated by decreased structural and functional connectivity in the frontoparietal (FPN), cingulo-opercular (CON), and default mode networks (DMN), and increased inter-hemispheric structural networks. Greater cortical thickness and lower levels of dendritic arborization and density in the FPN, CON, and DMN also moderated this positive association. Our results suggest that participation in exercise during childhood positively predicts response inhibition later in life and that this association can be moderated by changes in neuronal circuitry, such as increased cortical thickness and efficiency, and strengthened inter-hemispheric connectivity.
    Lead, Elsevier BV, Aug. 2021, NeuroImage, 237, 118196 - 118196, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal
    Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)

  • Ryu Miura, Atsuko Ikeda-Araki, Toru Ishihara, Kunio Miyake, Chihiro Miyashita, Tamie Nakajima, Sumitaka Kobayashi, Mayumi Ishizuka, Takeo Kubota, Reiko Kishi
    Prenatal exposure to phthalates negatively affects the offspring's health. In particular, epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, may connect phthalate exposure with health outcomes. Here, we evaluated the association of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure in utero with cord blood epigenome-wide DNA methylation in 203 mother-child pairs enrolled in the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health, using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Epigenome-wide association analysis demonstrated the predominant positive associations between the levels of the primary metabolite of DEHP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), in maternal blood and DNA methylation levels in cord blood. The genes annotated to the CpGs positively associated with MEHP levels were enriched for pathways related to metabolism, the endocrine system, and signal transduction. Among them, methylation levels of CpGs involved in metabolism were inversely associated with the offspring's ponderal index (PI). Further, clustering and mediation analyses suggested that multiple increased methylation changes may jointly mediate the association of DEHP exposure in utero with the offspring's PI at birth. Although further studies are required to assess the impact of these changes, this study suggests that differential DNA methylation may link phthalate exposure in utero to fetal growth and further imply that DNA methylation has predictive value for the offspring's obesity.
    Elsevier BV, Aug. 2021, Science of The Total Environment, 783, 147035 - 147035, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • 日本の子どもの身体活動，体力，体格と学力および認知機能の関係: ナラティブレビュー
    Toru Ishihara, Noriteru Morita
    Lead, 2021, 日本臨床運動療法学会誌, 22(2) (2), 1 - 9, Japanese, Domestic magazine
    [Invited]

  • Toru Ishihara, Noriteru Morita, Haruto Takagishi, Keita Kamijo
    Cooperation is required for human beings to survive and thrive. In the past decade, to deepen the understanding of human cooperation, more attention has been paid to default prosocial behavior and calculated selfish behavior in the adult population. Whether prosocial behavior is due to an intrinsically altruistic nature or to internalized social norms remains controversial. We approached this question by examining the relationship between cognitive control and decision time, and prosocial behavior in children. We analyzed the data obtained from 226 children aged from 8 to 11 years. The results indicated that greater cognitive control and longer decision time were independently associated with promoted prosocial behavior. That is, the intuitive cooperation model of prosocial behavior established in the adult population may not be supported in children. Although cognitive control was positively associated with prosocial behavior, even children with poor cognitive control promoted prosocial behavior when they were given sufficient decision time. Our findings support the view that prosocial behaviors are automated as habits by the internalization of social norms through lived experiences, and that human beings have an intrinsically selfish nature.
    Lead, Jan. 2021, PREPRINT available at Research Square, English, International magazine
    Research society

  • Toru Ishihara, Keiko Yamazaki, Atsuko Araki, Yuri Teraoka, Naomi Tamura, Takashi Hikage, Manabu Omiya, Masahiro Mizuta, Reiko Kishi
    With increasing use of mobile phones, exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) in the high-frequency band associated with mobile phones has become a public concern, with potentially adverse effects on cognitive function in children and adolescents. However, findings regarding the relation of RF-EMF and cognitive function in children and adolescents have been inconsistent due to a number of study design-related factors, such as types of exposure and outcome measures, age of participants, and the era of study conduction. The present literature review focused on these possible factors that could explain this inconsistency. This review identified 12 eligible studies (participants ages 4 to 17 years) and extracted a total 477 relations. In total, 86% of the extracted relations were not statistically significant; in the remaining 14%, a negative relation between RF-EMF and cognitive performance was detected under limited conditions: when (1) RF-EMF was assessed using objective measurement not subjective measurement (i.e., questionnaire), (2) participants were relatively older (12 years and above) and had greater opportunity of exposure to RF-EMF, and (3) the collection of cognitive function data was conducted after 2012. Given that 86% of the extracted relations in this analysis were not statistically significant, the interpretation should be approached with caution due to the possibility of the 14% of significant relationships, extracted in this review, representing chance findings.
    Lead, MDPI AG, Dec. 2020, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Special Issue: Environmental Exposures and Epidemiological Studies on Maternal and Child Health., 17(24) (24), 9179 - 9179, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Toshihiro Nakajima, Koji Yamatsu, Koichi Okita, Masato Sagawa, Noriteru Morita
    Although there is a growing consensus about the positive relationship between prevention of overweight/obesity and academic performance in children, relevant studies targeting the relationship between underweight and academic performance are scarce. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship of favorable weight change to academic performance in schoolchildren. We analyzed 2-year longitudinal data derived from 197 seventh-grade children aged 12–13 years. Academic performance was assessed using the total grade points of five academic subjects. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body weight (kg)/height (m2). A significant interaction effect of baseline BMI and BMI changes over 2 years (B = −0.10, SE B = 0.03, β = −0.40, t = –3.37, p < 0.001) was noted after controlling for confounders such as socioeconomic status, afterschool learning duration, screen time, exercise habits, and cardiorespiratory fitness. When the centered baseline BMI was outside the interval [−2.49, 3.21], the slope of the change in BMI was significant (p < 0.05). Simple slope analyses revealed a positive relationship of weight gain when baseline BMI = mean − 1 SD (B = 0.40, SE B = 0.18, β = 0.31, t = 2.20, p = 0.03) and weight loss when baseline BMI = mean + 1 SD (B = −0.26, SE B = 0.13, β = −0.20, t = −1.97, p = 0.05) to total grade points of five school subjects. A split-group validation was performed and robust results of original analyses were detected (i.e., significant interaction effect of baseline BMI and BMI changes over 2 years (group A: B = −0.11, SE B = 0.05, β = −0.47, t = −2.39, p = 0.02; group B: B = −0.14, SE B = 0.05, β = −0.47, t = −2.78, p = 0.007). Favorable changes in weight status, i.e., weight loss in children with overweight/obesity and weight gain in children with mild underweight/underweight, have a positive influence on academic performance in children independent of socioeconomic factors, learning habits, screen time, exercise habits, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
    Lead, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Dec. 2020, npj Science of Learning, 5(1) (1), 4 - 4, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Atsushi Miyazaki, Hiroki Tanaka, Tetsuya Matsuda
    There is a growing consensus regarding the positive relationship between physical function and working memory; however, explanations of task-evoked functional activity regarding this relationship and its differences in physical function domains remain controversial. This study illustrates the cross-sectional relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, gait speed, hand dexterity, and muscular strength with working memory task (N-back task) performance and the mediating effects of task-evoked functional activity in 1033 adults aged between 22 and 37 years. The results showed that cardiorespiratory fitness and hand dexterity were independently associated with N-back task performance to a greater extent and in contrast to gait speed and muscular strength. These relationships were mediated by task-evoked functional activity in a part of the frontoparietal network (FPN) and default mode network (DMN). Superior cardiorespiratory fitness could contribute to working memory performance by enhancing the compensational role of FPN-related broader region activation. Hand dexterity was associated with moderation of the interaction in terms of task-evoked activation between the FPN and DMN, which in turn, improved N-back task performance. Based on these findings, we conclude that cardiorespiratory fitness and hand dexterity have common and unique mechanisms enhancing working memory.
    Lead, Elsevier BV, Nov. 2020, NeuroImage, 221, 117152 - 117152, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal
    Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)

  • Toru Ishihara, Toshihiro Nakajima, Koji Yamatsu, Koichi Okita, Masato Sagawa, Noriteru Morita
    Physical activity is considered a promising behavior to improve cognitive function and academic performance in adolescents. As evidence on the relationship of specific sports activity is not conclusive, this study aimed to determine the longitudinal relationships of different sports to academic performance in adolescents and evaluate the cardiorespiratory fitness mediation effect of these sports. We focused on the demands of complex motor skills and the differences between individual sports vs team sports. Four hundred and sixty-three 7th-grade students (227 girls and 236 boys) were followed up over 2 years. Data regarding participation in sports activities, types of sports activities, academic performance, and cardiorespiratory fitness were obtained at baseline and after a 2-year follow-up. Structural equation modeling revealed that participation in all sports activity was positively associated with improvement of academic performance from baseline to follow-up, and that these associations were mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness gains. Participation in sports activities that require more complex motor skills and individual sports activity was directly associated with an improvement of academic performance from baseline to follow-up. Furthermore, quitting sports activities was negatively associated with academic performance via a reversal in cardiorespiratory fitness gains. These findings indicate that participation in specific sports may have significant benefits for academic performance in adolescents. Although these relationships are presumably mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness, sports activities that require more complex motor skills and individual sports participation may be directly related to academic performance. Considering that quitting sports activities reversed these benefits, sustained participation in sports is important for academic success.
    Lead, Wiley, Aug. 2020, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(8) (8), 1471 - 1482, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Eric S. Drollette, Sebastian Ludyga, Charles H. Hillman, Keita Kamijo
    Findings regarding the effects of regular physical activity on cognition in children have been inconsistent due to a number of demographic factors and experimental considerations. The present study was designed to examine baseline cognitive performance and executive function demands, as possible factors underlying the lack of consensus in the literature, by investigating the moderating role of those factors on the effects of physical activity on cognition. We reanalyzed data from three randomized controlled trials, in which the effects of regular physical activity intervention on cognition were examined using executive function tasks that included at least two task conditions requiring variable executive function demands, with a cumulative total of 292 participants (9–13 years). The results indicate that cognitive improvements resulting from physical activity intervention were greater in children with lower baseline cognitive performance. The main analysis revealed that beneficial effects of physical activity intervention on cognitive performance were generally observed across executive function conditions. However, secondary analyses indicated that these general effects were moderated by baseline performance, with disproportionately greater effects for task conditions with higher executive function demands. These findings suggest that baseline cognitive performance is an individual difference variable that moderates the beneficial effects of physical activity on executive functions.
    Lead, MDPI AG, Jul. 2020, Journal of Clinical Medicine. Special Issue: Children Behavior and Psychophysiology., 9(7) (7), 2071 - 2071, English, International magazine, Co-authored internationally
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal
    Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)

  • Midori Shinohara, Yuta Kuroda, Nobuyasu Tomabechi, Toru Ishihara, Masao Mizuno
    BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of milk intake combined with weekly-performed bowling exercise for 1 year on salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels and on the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in older adults. METHODS: A total of 36 healthy individuals (54-76 years old) were randomly divided into two groups; one consumed milk and the other consumed a sports drink during a bowling exercise (once a week, 2 games per day). The amount of dairy milk intake and symptoms of URTI were evaluated using questionnaires. Saliva was collected to measure the concentration of sIgA. Thirteen people (4 males and 9 females; milk group: N=5, sports drink group: N=8) completed the one-year experiment. RESULTS: The incidences of URTI were significantly fewer, and the severity of symptoms was significantly lower in the milk group than in the sports drink group (P<0.05). The concentration of sIgA in the sports drink group decreased significantly between the start period and winter (P<0.01). An inverse correlation was found between milk and dairy intake and the number of incidences and symptoms of URTI. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that milk intake combined with regular bowling exercise leads to suppression of the incidences and symptoms of URTI.
    Edizioni Minerva Medica, Jul. 2020, Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche, 179(6) (6), English, International magazine
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Kuroda Yuta, Masao Mizuno
    Physical inactivity and unbalanced dietary behaviour in childhood have become worldwide public health concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sports activity (tennis), executive functions, and dietary related self-regulation in children. Fifty-two participants (6–12 years old, 31 males and 21 females) were enrolled in regular tennis lessons prior to the study (mean ± SD = 3 ± 2 years). Executive functions and basic processing speed were evaluated using three tasks (the Stroop test, the 2-back task, and the Local-global task). Dietary behaviour (extent of dislike for food and ratio of eating disliked food) was evaluated using questionnaires. An established questionnaire available for use in clinical investigations, the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups, was used to obtain a detailed assessment of food intake. Regression analyses demonstrated that tennis experience was positively associated with basic processing speed and executive functions. Furthermore, higher executive functions were related to a higher ratio of eating disliked food, while no such association was observed for basic processing speed. A higher ratio for eating disliked food was related to better dietary intake (i.e. larger vegetable intake). Structural equation modelling revealed that the model had an adequate fit to the data (χ2 = 3.05, p = .55, GFI = .98, AGFI = .92, RMSEA = .00). The model indicated the following cascade associations: tennis experience → executive functions → rate of eating disliked food → vegetable intake. This study implied that longer sports experience is associated with better dietary related self-regulation via higher executive functions.
    Informa UK Limited, Mar. 2020, International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(2) (2), 143 - 155, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Yuta Kuroda, Masao Mizuno
    This study evaluates whether high levels of executive function predict competition results 18 months later in junior tennis players. Forty junior tennis players (20 girls, 20 boys; 9–15 years old) who regularly participate in prefecture tennis tournaments were recruited. All participants underwent executive function evaluations (the Design Fluency Task) in July 2015 and their prefecture junior rankings in August 2015 and February 2017 were recorded. As a result, after controlling for age and gender, the future ranking (February 2017) was significantly predicted by performance in the Design Fluency Task (β = -.30, p = .02; ΔR2 = .08), whereas the prediction for August 2015 rank as the baseline was not significant (β = -.19, p = .17; ΔR2 = .03). After controlling for age, gender, and ranking in the baseline, the change in ranking was significantly predicted by performance in the Design Fluency Task (β = -.14, p = .02; ΔR2 = .02). This suggests that childhood executive function may play a significant role in success later in life. This study highlights how executive function predicts future success in a specific sport; as such, supporting the development of executive function may contribute to higher competition results.
    Informa UK Limited, Apr. 2019, Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(7) (7), 755 - 761, English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Relation between dehydration during training and accuracy of male university tennis players’ serves
    Kuroda, Y, Ishihara, T, Mizuno, M
    Mar. 2019, Research Journal of Sports Performance, 11, 172 - 182, Japanese
    [Refereed]

  • Toru Ishihara, Taizou Kobayashi, Yuta Kuroda, Masao Mizuno
    Background: Cognitive ability, such as attention shifting, during tennis matches may be associated with players' performance through physical ability, technique, and exercise intensity. However, examinations of the relationship between attention shifting and performance in sport are limited to laboratory settings. The present study examined the relationships between exercise intensity, attention shifting, and tennis performance in singles tennis matches involving university tennis players using a field-based approach. Methods: Sixteen university tennis players participated. Participants were evaluated concerning their attention shifting using a local-global task before a singles tennis match (pre-test: 0 minutes), during the match (inter-test: 30 minutes), and after the match (post-test: 60 minutes). Exercise intensity was evaluated using a heart rate monitor and ratings of perceived exertion. Results: Higher ratings of perceived exertion and longer duration of vigorous physical activity were correlated with lower attention shifting at the inter-test period. Higher attention shifting at inter-test was related to greater tennis performance. Conclusions: The present study suggests that greater attention shifting during a singles tennis match may be related to higher quality tennis performance, and higher exercise intensity and perceived exertion may be associated with impairment of attention shifting during a match. Strategies for maintaining attention shifting during high-intensity physical activity in a tennis singles match may contribute to improved tennis performance.
    Edizioni Minerva Medica, Nov. 2018, The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(12) (12), English, International magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Noriteru Morita, Toshihiro Nakajima, Koichi Okita, Masato Sagawa, Koji Yamatsu
    The aim of this study was to determine, using structural equation modeling, the comprehensive relationships of achievement motivation (self-fulfillment achievement motivation [SFAM] and competitive achievement motivation [CAM]), daily behaviors (exercise habits, screen time, and learning duration), body mass index [BMI], and cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF]) with academic performance among schoolchildren. Three hundred twenty-five schoolchildren (172 males and 153 females 12–13 years old) were recruited. Academic performance was assessed using the total grade points in 8 academic subjects (GP8) CRF using the 20-m shuttle run and achievement motivation, daily behaviors, and socioeconomic status using questionnaires. Socioeconomic status was included as a control variable. In males, two cascade associations of achievement motivation to GP8 were detected: (1) SFAM → screen time/learning duration → GP8, and (2) CAM → exercise habit → CRF → GP8 (χ2 = 8.72, p =.19, AGFI =.92). In females, two cascade associations were also detected: (1) SFAM → screen time/learning habit → GP8, and (2) exercise habit → BMI2 → GP8 (χ2 = 6.17, p =.41, AGFI =.93). Our results suggest that greater achievement motivation is associated with academic success via various physiological/behavioral factors, and that these associations differ by gender.
    Lead, Elsevier Inc., Oct. 2018, Physiology and Behavior, 194, 66 - 72, English
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Effect of low-intensity resistance training with different movement velocities to failure on maximal strength in elderly adults
    Tomabechi, T, Nakajima, T, Akino, Y, Kawaguchi, A, Shibata, K, Ishihara, T, Takizawa, K, Mizuno, M
    Sep. 2018, Journal of Physical Exercise and Sports Science, 24(1) (1), 61 - 67, Japanese
    [Refereed]

  • Toru Ishihara, Masao Mizuno
    The present study aimed to assess the effects of 12 months of frequent tennis play on executive functions and the relationships of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), physical competence, and enjoyment of playing tennis to executive functions in children. Thirty-two children (6–11 years old) who had regularly played tennis (once a week mean = 3 years, range = 0–6 years) before the study were enrolled in a 12-month intervention. Participants were allocated into two groups: low-dose (maintain current frequency of tennis play, N = 19) or high-dose (increased frequency of tennis play to four times per week, N = 13). Participants’ MVPA, physical competence, enjoyment of playing tennis, and executive functions (i.e. inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) were evaluated before and after this intervention. The high-dose group demonstrated a greater improvement in working memory than the low-dose group, while there was no group difference in MVPA, physical competence, and enjoyment of playing tennis. Changes in MVPA were associated with improvements in cognitive flexibility. Changes in physical competence were associated with improvements in working memory and cognitive flexibility. Changes in the enjoyment of playing tennis were associated with improvements in inhibitory control. The current findings suggest that replacement of MVPA with sports activity, such as tennis enhances executive functions development, and suggest that sports programmes that seek to build competence and enjoyment might help support the development of executive functions in children.
    Taylor and Francis Ltd., May 2018, European Journal of Sport Science, 18(5) (5), 741 - 752, English
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Shigemi Sugasawa, Yusuke Matsuda, Masao Mizuno
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sports experience (i.e., tennis experience) and executive function in children while controlling for physical activity and physical fitness. Sixty-eight participants (6–12 years old, 34 males and 34 females) were enrolled in regular tennis lessons (mean = 2.4 years, range = 0.1–7.3 years) prior to the study. Executive functions, including inhibitory control (the Stroop Color-Word Test), working memory (the 2-back Task), and cognitive flexibility (the Local–global Task) were evaluated. Participants’ levels of daily physical activity, ranging from moderate to vigorous, were evaluated using triaxial accelerometers. The total score for physical fitness was assessed using the Tennis Field Test. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed interaction effects between gender and tennis experience on participants’ reaction time (RT) on the switch cost of the Local–global Task after controlling for age, BMI, gender, physical activity, physical fitness, and tennis experience. Longer tennis experience was associated with shorter switch cost in males but not in females. Higher scores on physical fitness were positively associated with lower interference scores on the Stroop Color-Word Test, RT on the 2-back Task, and RT in the switching condition of the Local–global Task, after controlling for age, BMI, gender, and physical activity. In conclusion, all three foundational components of executive function (i.e., inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) were more strongly related to physical fitness than to physical activity in males and females, whereas greater cognitive flexibility was related to tennis experience only in the males.
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd, May 2018, Developmental Science, 21(3) (3), e12555, English
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Noriteru Morita, Toshihiro Nakajima, Koichi Okita, Koji Yamatsu, Masato Sagawa
    The purpose of this study was to determine, using structural equation modelling (SEM), the direct and indirect influence of daily behaviours (i.e. exercise/learning durations), weight status, and physical fitness on academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren, after controlling for socioeconomic status. We analysed cross-sectional data from 274 schoolchildren (159 males and 115 females 12–13 years old). Academic performance was assessed using the total grade points in eight academic subjects. Physical fitness was evaluated using the total score of eight physical fitness tests and weight status using body mass index. The daily behaviours and socioeconomic status were assessed by the questionnaire. The SEM showed an adequate fit to the data (χ2 = 0.684, p =.710, RMSEA =.000). Physical fitness and learning durations had direct effects on academic performance (β =.301, p < .001 β =.132, p =.037, respectively) after controlling for confounders. Healthy weight status and exercise habits positively indirectly influenced academic performance via physical fitness. These findings suggest that, independent of socioeconomic status and learning durations, exercise habits and maintaining healthy weight status may indirectly contribute to academic success via better physical fitness in children.
    Lead, Taylor and Francis Ltd., Feb. 2018, European Journal of Sport Science, 18(2) (2), 286 - 294, English
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Shigemi Sugasawa, Yusuke Matsuda, Masao Mizuno
    The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationships between cognitively engaging exercise (i.e., game-based and coordination exercises), executive functions (i.e., inhibitory control and working memory), and physical fitness. Forty junior tennis players (6–12 years old), who regularly participated in tennis lessons (2.55 years, SD = 1.61) prior to the study, were investigated. All participants completed evaluations of executive functions (inhibitory control and working memory) at rest. The duration of each lessons’ instructional activities, including coordination training, game-based exercise, rallying, and non-physical activity (explanations and breaks), was recorded. Physical fitness was evaluated using the Tennis Field Test. A longer duration of game-based exercise was positively correlated with inhibitory control and physical fitness. Coordination training was associated with improved working memory. Non-physical activity was inversely correlated with inhibitory control, working memory, and physical fitness. The results suggest that game-based tennis lessons have beneficial effects on inhibitory control and physical fitness levels, and a longer duration of coordination training is associated with better working memory. The present study indicates that shortened non-physical activity time within a sports setting is associated with the development of executive functions and physical fitness.
    Routledge, Oct. 2017, Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(20) (20), 2014 - 2020, English
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Shigemi Sugasawa, Yusuke Matsuda, Masao Mizuno
    This study evaluated the association between the frequency of tennis play and executive function in children and adolescents. One hundred and six junior tennis players (6–15 years old) participated in this study. Executive function, including inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were evaluated at rest. Females showed better inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility than males. In males, more frequent tennis play was associated with higher basic processing speed and inhibitory control after controlling for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and tennis experience. More frequent tennis play was associated with better working memory in both males and females after controlling for age, gender, BMI, and tennis experience. Furthermore, longer tennis experience was related to better cognitive flexibility in males after controlling for age, gender, BMI, and frequency of tennis play. These findings suggest that tennis play is associated with the development of three foundational aspects of executive function (i.e. inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility). Especially, frequent participation in tennis play is related to better inhibitory control and working memory, while longer experience of tennis play is associated with better cognitive flexibility. Although development of inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility is slower in males than in females, the associations between tennis play and inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility appear to be larger in males than in females.
    Taylor and Francis Ltd., Sep. 2017, European Journal of Sport Science, 17(8) (8), 1074 - 1083, English
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Toru Ishihara, Shigemi Sugasawa, Yusuke Matsuda, Masao Mizuno
    This study evaluated the effects of two different types of tennis lessons—those involving a technique-based approach (TBA) and those involving a game-based approach (PLAY + STAY [P + S])—on the executive functions (EFs) of junior tennis players. Eighty-one tennis players (6–12 years old) were recruited and assigned to one of three groups: TBA, P + S, or watching TV (CONT). Subjects completed evaluations of EFs (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) before and after 50 min programs. The overall score for EFs improved significantly for both the P + S and TBA groups but not for the CONT group indeed the CONT group showed no improvement in overall EFs. Furthermore, the overall EF score improved more for P + S participants than for those in TBA. Looking at components of EFs, the pattern for inhibitory control reflected the pattern for the overall EF index: Improvement in the P + S and TBA groups but not in the CONT group. Only the P + S group improved in working memory. Thus, playing tennis and practicing isolated tennis skills both improved EFs of junior players more than did watching TV, and game-based tennis lessons seem to hold more promise for improving EFs than drills of tennis skills.
    Elsevier Ireland Ltd, Mar. 2017, Neuroscience Letters, 642(6) (6), 97 - 101, English
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • The Relationship between Cognitive Function and Tennis Performance in Singles Match of Youth Tennis Players
    Ishihara, T, Kuroda, Y, Mizuno, M
    日本テニス学会, Mar. 2017, Japanese Journal of Tennis Sciences, 25, 39 - 53, Japanese
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • A Relationship between Daily Physical Exercise Levels and Working Memory in the Snowy Period among Youth Adults
    Ishihara, T, Shinohara, M, Murata, H, Wang, W, Tomabechi, N, Mizuno, M
    北海道体育学会, Nov. 2016, Hokkaido Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, 51, 1 - 7, Japanese
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Noriteru Morita, Toshihiro Nakajima, Koichi Okita, Toru Ishihara, Masato Sagawa, Koji Yamatsu
    Purpose: Students who study intensively in one of Japan's 'cram schools' and/or spend excess time on electronic devices such as video games are in a sedentary state much of the time, and this may affect their physical fitness. We investigated whether there are relationships among obesity, physical fitness and academic achievement in Japanese students after controlling for socioeconomic and behavioral confounding factors. Methods: The data of 315 students (152 females [48%], 163 males [52%] 12-13 yrs old) were analyzed. Academic achievement was assessed by the total grade points on eight school subjects (GP8). Students with a body mass index at or above the 85th percentile of each gender were classified as the overweight/obese group. Physical fitness was evaluated by the total score on eight fitness tests. Socioeconomic and behavioral confounders including the mother's educational background, household income, cram school utilization and time spent on video games/mobile phones were used as covariates. Results: The GP8 of the overweight/obese students was significantly lower than that of the normal weight students (27.2 vs. 29.0 points, respectively). After adjusting for the confounders, the physical fitness score was found to be a significant factor for determinants of GP8 in boys (β = 0.324), but not in girls. The obesity status was a factor for GP8 in the girls (β = - 0.160) but not in the boys. Conclusion: These results suggest that physical fitness in boys and obesity status in girls could be important factors not only for health status but also for academic achievement, independent of socioeconomic and behavioral backgrounds.
    Elsevier Inc., Sep. 2016, Physiology and Behavior, 163(1) (1), 161 - 166, English
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Ishihara, T, Shinohara, M, Tomabechi, N, Murata, H, Wang, W, Mizuno, M
    This study aimed at evaluating the effect of habitual exercise and the level of daily physical activity on executivefunction (i.e. inhibitory control) and mental health status in youth adults. Twenty-four undergraduate- and graduateuniversitystudents participated in this study. All of the subjects underwent evaluations of their mental health (TheGeneral Health Questionnaire 28; GHQ28), inhibitory control (Stroop Color and Word Test), past- and current- exercisehabits, and daily physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Version). Currenthabitual exercise and the level of low intensity physical activity were inversely correlated with score for GHQ28.Past habitual exercise was inversely correlated with reaction time for incongruent trial of the Stroop Color and WordTest. The level of vigorous physical activity was inversely correlated to the accuracy for incongruent trial. This studydemonstrates that the level of low intensity daily physical activity may improve inhibitory control and maintain theoptimal status of mental health, while the level of vigorous intensity physical activity might lead to an impairment ofinhibitory control in youth adults.
    日本生理人類学会, Aug. 2016, Japanese Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 21(3) (3), 87 - 95, Japanese
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Effects of cognitive function, subjective fatigue, and ratings of perceived exertion on the free throw performance of university basketball players
    Ishihara, T, Kuroda,Y, Komatsu, K, Mizuno, M
    鹿屋体育大学, Jun. 2016, Research Journal of Sports Performance, 8, 239 - 251, Japanese
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Relation between cognitive function and tennis performance during a singles match: elite junior female tennis player
    Ishihara, T, Kuroda,Y, Kawakami, Y, Mizuno, M
    鹿屋体育大学, Jun. 2016, Research journal of sports performance, 8, 229 - 238, Japanese
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Ishihara, T, Tomita, Y, Ogasawara, T, Takehana, M, Mizuno, M
    This study aimed at evaluating the effects of habitual exercise on executive function, subjective- and physiological stress responses to acute stress. Twelve university students participated in this study. All of the subjects underwent evaluations of their executive functions and subjective- and physiological-stress acceptance before and after 30-min stress induction (Beans move task).The Exercise group demonstrated higher executive function than the Inactive group. Subjective score for acute stress was increased by the Beans move task, and the Exercise group indicates less increment of subjective score for acute stress than the Inactive group. The relative change of subjective score for acute stress by the Beans move task was negatively correlated with that of executive function. This study demonstrates that increment of subjective score for acute stress induces impairment of executive function. Habitual exercise improves executive function and inhibit decline of executive function associated with increment in subjective stress.
    日本生理人類学会, Feb. 2016, Japanese Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 21(1) (1), 3 - 9, Japanese
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Kuroda, Y, Umetsuji, T, Ishihara, T, Watanabe, K, Tomita, Y, Mizuno, M
    北海道大学大学院教育学研究院, Dec. 2015, Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, 123(123) (123), 67 - 79, Japanese
    Research institution

  • Ishihara, T, Shinohara, M, Tomabechi, N, Mizuno, M
    北海道大学大学院教育学研究院, Dec. 2015, Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, 123(123) (123), 55 - 65, Japanese
    Research institution

  • Effects of daily exercise on inhibitory control and working memory in youth adults.
    Ishihara, T, Shinohara, M, Tomabechi, N, Mizuno, M
    北海道体育学会, Nov. 2015, Hokkaido Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, 50, 9 - 15, Japanese
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Ishihara, T, Tou, K, Takizawa, K, Mizuno, M
    The present study aimed at evaluating effects of different daily exercises on executive function (EF) and mental health in elderly individuals. The twenty-three elderly individuals including; inactive individuals (INACT, n = 9), bowlers (BOWL, n = 8), and runners (RUN, n = 6) were studied (55-64yr). The performance of EF was evaluated by the Stroop Color-Word test. The status of mental health was assessed by the use of questionnaire. The EF was significantly higher in the BOWL and RUN as compared to the INACT. The mental health status in the BOWL was significantly better than the INACT. The present study suggests that daily regular exercises such as bowling and running improve EF in elderly individuals, and in particular BOWL showed a well maintained status of mental health.
    日本生理人類学会, Aug. 2015, Japanese Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 20(3) (3), 127 - 133, Japanese
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

  • Ishihara, T, Tomita, Y, Hiraide, K, Mizuno, M
    本研究は，都道府県ごとの体力・運動能力テストにおける平均点と「貧困」に関わる指標を用い，子どもの貧困と体力の関係性を小中学生男女対象に評価した. その結果，「ひとり親世帯で育つ子どもの割合」と「教育扶助を受ける世帯で育つ子どもの割合」の二つの項目と体力テスト平均点の間に負の相関関係が認められた。雇用者年間給与と体力・運動能力テストにおける平均点の間には小学生女子以外では相関関係が認められなかった。ひとり親世帯に住む子どもの割合と毎日の朝食の間に負の相関関係が認められた。教育扶助を受ける世帯で育つ子どもの割合と運動，睡眠，朝食に関わる項目の間に負相関が認められた。親の年収が直接子どもの体力に影響を与えないが，ひとり親世帯で育つ場合や教育扶助を受けなくてはならないほど世帯所得がひっ迫している家庭に育つ子どもは体力が低いことが本研究により明らかとなった。This study aimed at evaluating the relation between poverty and physical fitness in Japanese elementary and junior high school students. Based on the analysis of annual reports from Japanese government the ratio of a single-parent family and the ratio of education aid recipients was inversely correlated with the total score for physical fitness tests, respectively. However, no correlation was found between the amount annual incomes and the total score for physical fitness. The ratio of a single-parent family was inversely correlated with food intake. The ratio of education aid recipient negatively correlated with food intake, daily exercise and sleep. In conclusion, poverty relate to a lower level of physical fitness.
    北海道大学大学院教育学研究院, Jun. 2015, Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, 122(122) (122), 93 - 105, Japanese
    Research institution

  • Comparisons of the effect on cognitive function between continuous and intermittent exercise
    Ishihara, T, Morimoto, K, Yamada, Y, Takeya, R, Kasai, T, Mizuno, M
    北海道体育学会, Nov. 2013, Hokkaido Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, 48, 17 - 23, Japanese, Domestic magazine
    [Refereed]
    Scientific journal

■ MISC
  • 思春期における戦略的向社会行動と非戦略的向社会行動の特徴
    田中大貴, 山田順子, 石原暢, 松田哲也, 高岸治人
    07 Mar. 2025, 第27回日本ヒト脳マッピング学会, Japanese
    [Refereed]
    Summary national conference

  • ドーパミンD4受容体遺伝子のDNAメチル化と集団主義傾向の関連
    後藤 日奈子, 李 述冰, 山田 順子, 石原 暢, 仁科 国之, 西谷 正太, 佐々木 哲彦, 松田 哲也, 高橋 英彦, 村山 美穂, 高岸 治人
    Dec. 2024, 第17回日本人間行動進化学会大会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 思春期におけるデフォルトの社会的選好が向社会⾏動と意思決定時間との関連に及ぼす影響の検討
    田中大貴, 山田順子, 石原暢, 松田哲也, 高岸治人
    Dec. 2024, 第17回日本人間行動進化学会大会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • Relationship between childhood adversity and DNA methylation in adults
    Shubing Li, Toru Ishihara, Junko Yamada, Kuniyuki Nishina, Shota Nishitani, Tetsuhiko Sasaki, Tetsuya Matsuda, Miho-Inoue Murayama, Haruto Takagishi
    Nov. 2024, Frontiers in Epigenetics - Health Path and Disease Path & Reproduction Dynamics -, English
    Summary international conference

  • Physical Activity and Aging of the Cortical Microstructure
    Toru Ishihara, Haruto Takagishi, Takuya Hayashi, Tetsuya Matsuda
    Lead, Nov. 2024, The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 13(6) (6), 216, English
    Summary national conference

  • Relationship between Regular Exercise during Development and Prosocial Behavior: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study
    Shinnosuke Hashimoto, Natsuki Tamba, Kazuki Hyodo, Tetsuya Matsuda, Haruto Takagishi, Toru Ishihara
    Last, Nov. 2024, The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 13(6) (6), 215, English
    Summary national conference

  • Physical health is associated with individual differences in cortical microstructure and cognitive function
    Tongfang Ding, Tianfang Han, Takuya Hayashi, Tetsuya Matsuda, Toru Ishihara
    Last, Nov. 2024, The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 13(6) (6), 270, English
    Summary national conference

  • The influence of time of day on brain functional connectivity and the moderating effect of sleep
    Tianfang Han, Tongfang Ding, Tetsuya Matsuda, Takuya Hayashi, Toru Ishihara
    Last, Nov. 2024, The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 13(6) (6), 271, English
    Summary national conference

  • 思春期における向社会行動の特徴とその心理基盤
    田中大貴, 山田順子, 石原暢, 松田哲也, 高岸治人
    Sep. 2024, 日本社会心理学会第65回大会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 家庭の経済状況と思春期世代の子どもの一般的信頼の関連
    汪明琛, 山田順子, 石原暢, 田中大貴, 松田哲也, 高岸治人
    Aug. 2024, 日本社会心理学会第65回大会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 発達障害児の身体活動、体力・体格、社会環境要因と大脳皮質構造および認知機能の関係
    石原暢, Nóra Bunford, Sebastian Ludyga
    Lead, Aug. 2024, 第32回日本運動生理学会大会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 身体活動と顔魅力度の関係：エピジェネティック年齢による媒介効果の検討
    多治見春樹, 西谷正太, 山田順子, 仁科国之, 佐々木哲彦, 松田哲也, 村山美穂, 高岸治人, 石原暢
    Last, Aug. 2024, 第32回日本運動生理学会大会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • Relationship between concussion and prosocial behavior: An fNIRS hyperscanning study
    Shinnosuke Hashimoto, Masanori Serikawa, Natsuki Tamba, Kazuki Hyodo, Tetsuya Matsuda, Haruto Takagishi, Toru Ishihara
    Last, Jul. 2024, NEURO2024, English
    Summary national conference

  • ジュニアテニスプレーヤーにおける外側前頭前野の機能的結合と競技パフォーマンスの関係
    石原暢, 黒田裕太, 村上俊祐, 魚田尚吾
    Lead, Mar. 2024, 第13回日本テニス・スポーツ医学研究
    Summary national conference

  • 静止立位時の記憶課題が体性感覚フィードバックに与える影響
    小村薫, 田上涼太, 村田篤哉, 前角馨, 石原暢, 木村哲也
    Feb. 2024, 日本体力医学会 第38回近畿地方会
    Summary national conference

  • Multimodal imaging brain markers of human prosocial behavior
    Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Kiyonari, T, Matsuda, T, Takagishi, H
    Lead, Sep. 2023, 第７回ヒト脳イメージング研究会
    Summary national conference

  • 若年成人の睡眠の質と大脳皮質構造および機能的領域間結合の関係
    韓天放, 宮崎淳, 丁同芳, 松田哲也, 石原暢
    Last, Sep. 2023, 第７回ヒト脳イメージング研究会
    Summary national conference

  • 若年成人の身体的健康と認知機能及び大脳皮質構造の関係
    丁同芳, 宮崎淳, 韓天放, 松田哲也, 石原暢
    Last, Sep. 2023, 第７回ヒト脳イメージング研究会
    Summary national conference

  • Association of sleep habits with multimodal brain imaging data in young adults
    Han, T, Miyazaki, A, Ding, T, Matsuda, T, Ishihara, T
    Last, Aug. 2023, The 46th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • Multimodal imaging brain markers for the associations between physical fitness and cardiovascular risk markers with cognitive function in young adults
    Ding, T, Miyazaki, A, Han, T, Matsuda, T, Ishihara, T
    Last, Aug. 2023, The 46th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • Association of regular exercise with intra-brain connectivity, inter-brain synchrony, and prosocial behavior: an fNIRS hyperscanning study
    Hashimoto, S, Tamba, N, Hyodo, K, Takagishi, H, Ishihara, T
    Last, Aug. 2023, The 46th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • 若年成人の睡眠習慣と脳構造の関係
    韓天放, 宮崎淳, 丁同芳, 松田哲也, 石原暢
    Last, 11 Mar. 2023, 日本体力医学会 第37回近畿地方会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 若年成人の体力および心血管リスクマーカーと脳構造・機能の関係
    丁同芳, 宮崎淳, 韓天放, 松田哲也, 石原暢
    Last, 11 Mar. 2023, 日本体力医学会 第37回近畿地方会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 相互協調的自己観を支える脳機能・脳構造ネットワーク
    李 述冰, 山田 順子, 石原 暢, 村山 美穂, 高橋 英彦, 松田 哲也, 高岸 治人
    Feb. 2023, 第25回日本ヒト脳機能マッピング学会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • マラソンタイムの個人内変動における性差
    Yuri Omori, Toru Ishihara
    Nov. 2022, 北海道体育学会第61回大会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • COVID-19の流行に伴うツアーの中断がプロテニスプレーヤーの試合統計に与えた影響
    石原 暢, Nicolas Robin, 内藤 貴司, 村田 宗紀, Miguel Crespo
    Lead, Oct. 2022, テニスの科学, Japanese, Domestic magazine, Co-authored internationally
    Summary national conference

  • 思春期世代の子どもの向社会行動を支える脳機能・脳構造
    高岸治人, 石原 暢, 山田順子, 松田哲也
    Sep. 2022, 日本社会心理学会第63回大会
    Summary national conference

  • Contribution of diffusion MRI tractography to the understanding of the relationship between physical function and working memory in healthy young adults
    Miyazaki, A, Matsuda, T, Ishihara, T
    Last, Jul. 2022, NEURO2022 (The 45th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society), English
    Summary national conference

  • Multimodal imaging brain markers of physical–cognitive health interaction in young adults
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Matsuda, T
    Lead, Jul. 2022, NEURO2022 (The 45th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society), English
    Summary national conference

  • Relevance of perceived exertion and neurocognitive functions on serve accuracy among male university tennis players
    Kuroda, Y, Ishihara, T
    Jun. 2022, NEURO2022 (The 45th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society), English
    Summary national conference

  • 大脳皮質構造と年齢、体組成、運動習慣の関係
    石原暢, 宮崎淳, 高岸治人, 松田哲也
    Lead, Mar. 2022, 第24回日本ヒト脳機能マッピング学会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • eスポーツのオフラインプレーが高める気分とオキシトシン分泌
    松井崇, 門間貴史, 下山寛之, 兵頭和樹, 島孟留, 石原暢, 藤井直人, 高木英樹
    Sep. 2021, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 多要素で構成されるアジリティテスト「Nチャレンジ」の信頼性および妥当性
    森田憲輝, 石原暢, 山本理人, 志手典之, 奥田知靖
    Sep. 2021, 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会第71回大会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 思春期以前の親からの拒絶体験と成人期の海馬体積および社会機能
    川元茉莉乃, 高岸治人, 石原暢, 髙木俊輔, 金井良太, 杉原玄一, 髙橋英彦, 松田哲也
    Sep. 2021, 第5回ヒト脳イメージング研究会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • Playing in online eSport tournament enhances psychological vigor with neurohumoral responses to winning or losing
    Matsui, T, Monma, T, Sagayama, H, Hyodo, K, Shima, T, Ishihara, T, Fujii, N, Takagi, H
    Jul. 2021, 44th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • Association of cardiovascular risk markers and physical fitness with task-related neural activity during social cognition
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Tanaka, H, Matsuda, T
    Lead, Jul. 2021, 44th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • 健常成人における過体重・肥満と実行機能・ 社会認知機能および課題関連脳活動の関係
    石原暢, 宮崎淳, 田中大貴, 松田哲也
    Lead, Aug. 2020, The 22nd Congress of Japan Human Brain Mapping Society, Japanese

  • The negative association of body mass index to working memory and theory of mind in young and middle-aged adults: A task-fMRI study
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Tanaka, H, Matsuda, T
    Lead, Jul. 2020, 43rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English

  • 子どもの体力と学力の関係：年齢層と年次変化に着目して
    Ishihara, T, Morita, N, Kamijo, K
    Lead, May 2020, 日本発育発達学会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 女子プロテニスプレーヤーにおける facial width-to-height ratio と競技パフォーマンスの関係
    石原暢, 黒田裕太
    Mar. 2020, テニスの科学, 28, 56 - 57, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 体力・運動機能および体格と社会認知機能の関係
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Tanaka, H, Matsuda, T
    Dec. 2019, 北海道体育学会 第59回大会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • The sustained effects of a single bout of before-school exercise on cognitive function in elementary school children: a preliminary study
    Takahashi, I, Ishihara, T, Kamijo, K, Abe, Y, Yasugahira, M, Nakajima, T, Okuda, T, Yamamoto, R, Morita, N
    Nov. 2019, Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 8(6) (6), 324, English
    Summary national conference

  • Effects of 6-week work-matched high-intensity intermittent cycling training with different loads and cadences on aerobic capacity and cognitive function in university athletes
    Tomabechi, N, Ishihara, T, Shibata, K, Mizuno, M
    Nov. 2019, Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 8(6) (6), 355, English
    Summary national conference

  • The relationship between exercise during childhood and cognitive function, brain connectome, and cortical structure in adulthood
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Tanaka, H, Fujii, T, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Takahashi, M, Takagishi, H, Matsuda, T
    Nov. 2019, Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 8(6) (6), 267, English
    Summary national conference

  • 虚血プレコンディショニングが連続跳躍運動へ与える影響
    Minata, T, Takada, S, Morita, N, Ishihara, T, Tomabechi, N, Okita, K
    Sep. 2019, 第38回日本臨床運動療法学会学術集会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • Free finger tapping tempo reflects intrinsic brain rhythms (2): assessed by resting-state fMRI
    Takahashi, M, Fujii, T, Sun, S, Miyazaki, A, Akashi, T, Furudate, M, Zhang, C, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Takagishi, H, Shimojo, S, Matsuda, T
    Jul. 2019, 42nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • Over-attribution of agency to objects and its neural mechanisms: A large-scale sample study using Human Connectome Project pipeline
    Tanaka, H, Miyazaki, A, Fujii, T, Ishihara, T, Takahashi, M, Matsuda, T
    Jul. 2019, 42nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • The relationship between implicit leadership in interpersonal rhythmic interaction and trust in a partner
    Fujii, T, Takahashi, M, Sun, S, Miyazaki, A, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Takagishi, H, Shimojo, S, Matsuda, T
    Jul. 2019, 42nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • The relationship between obesity and age-related structural brain changes: A multimodal MRI study using the Human Connectome Project-style paradigm
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Tanaka, H, Fujii, T, Takahashi, M, Matsumoto, Y, Kiyonari, T, Takagishi, H, Matsuda, T
    Jul. 2019, 42nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • 実行機能とテニス競技パフォーマンスの関係
    石原 暢, 黒田 裕太
    Mar. 2019, テニスの科学, 27, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 中学生のラケット系運動部所属と体力・運動能力および学業成績の関係
    石原 暢, 中島 寿宏, 沖田 孝一, 森田 憲輝
    Mar. 2019, テニスの科学, 27, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • テニス試合時における体水分損失と筋力との関連性の検討
    黒田 裕太, 石原 暢
    Mar. 2019, テニスの科学, 27, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 健常成人における体力・運動機能とワーキングメモリーの関係
    石原暢, 宮崎淳, 田中大貴, 藤井貴之, 高橋宗良, 松田哲也
    Mar. 2019, 第21回日本ヒト脳機能マッピング学会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 中学生の体格と学業成績の関係：2年間の縦断的研究
    石原暢, 中島寿宏, 山津幸司, 沖田孝一, 佐川正人, 森田憲輝
    Mar. 2019, 日本発育発達学会 第17回大会

  • 中学生の運動習慣およびその種類と学業成績の関係：2年間の縦断的研究
    森田憲輝, 石原暢, 中島寿宏, 沖田孝一, 山津幸司, 佐川正人
    Mar. 2019, 日本発育発達学会 第17回大会

  • 小学生のボールゲームの戦術能力における創造性と認知機能の関係
    奥田知靖, 安部久貴, 石原暢, 紙上敬太, 中島寿宏, 山本理人, 森田憲輝
    Mar. 2019, 日本発育発達学会 第17回大会

  • サンクションの有無に応じた向社会行動の切り替えに関わる神経科学的特性の検討
    Tanaka, H, Miyazaki, A, Takagishi, H, Fujii, T, Ishihara, T, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Takahashi, M, Matsumoto, Y, Kiyonari, T, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    Dec. 2018, 日本人間行動進化学会第11回大会
    Summary national conference

  • 中学生の運動習慣と学業成績の関係：2年間の縦断的研究
    Ishihara, T, Nakajima, T, Yamatsu, K, Okita, K, Sagawa, M, Morita, N
    Dec. 2018, 北海道体育学会 第58回大会
    Summary national conference

  • 規範に適応するための社会的意思決定とその神経基盤: Human Connectome Project パイプラインと大規模サンプルを用いた検討
    Tanaka, H, Miyazaki, A, Takagishi, H, Fujii, T, Ishihara, T, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Takahashi, M, Matsumoto, Y, Kiyonari, T, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    Nov. 2018, 第8回社会神経科学研究会
    Summary national conference

  • 社会的価値志向性における脳の機能的・構造的な特徴： Human Connectome Project style paradigm を用いた検討
    Takagishi, H, Miyazaki, A, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Fujii, T, Takahashi, M, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    Nov. 2018, 第8回社会神経科学研究会
    Summary national conference

  • 過去の運動経験と認知機能および安静時脳機能的結合の関係： Human Connectome Project style paradigm を用いた検討
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Takagishi, H, Fujii, T, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Takahashi, M, Tanaka, H, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    Nov. 2018, 第8回社会神経科学研究会
    Summary national conference

  • Childhood sports activity predicts later-life inhibitory control: A multimodal MRI study using HCP-style paradigm
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Takagishi, H, Fujii, T, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Takahashi, M, Tanaka, H, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    Sep. 2018, 2nd Japanese Meeting for Human Brain Imaging, English
    Summary national conference

  • Insula shows different activation profiles for initial taste detection and aftertaste discrimination while tasting coffee
    Takahashi, M, Fujii, T, Miyazaki, A, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Shimojo, S, Matsuda, T
    Sep. 2018, 2nd Japanese Meeting for Human Brain Imaging, English
    Summary national conference

  • Switching social behavior in response to a social norm: A multi-modal imaging study using the Human Connectome Project (HCP) pipeline and a large-scale sample
    Tanaka, H, Miyazaki, A, Takagishi, H, Fujii, T, Ishihara, T, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Takahashi, M, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    Sep. 2018, 2nd Japanese Meeting for Human Brain Imaging, English
    Summary national conference

  • Association between the concentration of GABA in the right DLPFC and social preference
    Fujii, T, Miyazaki, A, Takahashi, M, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Kuribayashi, H, Takagishi, H, Matsuda, T
    Sep. 2018, 2nd Japanese Meeting for Human Brain Imaging, English
    Summary national conference

  • Structural and functional brain connectivity of homo economicus: A multi-modal imaging study using the HCP pipeline
    Kanari, K, Miyazaki, A, Fujii, T, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Nishina, K, Takahasi, M, Matusda, T, Yamagishi, T, Takagishi, H
    Jul. 2018, 41st Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • Suppressing prosocial preferences to switch behavior: A multi-modal imaging study using the Human Connectome Project (HCP) pipeline and a large-scale sample
    Tanaka, H, Miyazaki, A, Takagishi, H, Fujii, T, Ishihara, T, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Takahashi, M, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    Jul. 2018, 41st Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • Association between metabolite concentrations in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and social preference
    Fujii, T, Miyazaki, A, Takahashi, M, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Kuribayashi, H, Takagishi, H, Matsuda, T
    Jul. 2018, 41st Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • Different involvement of insula in initial taste detection and aftertaste discrimination in flavor perception
    Takahashi, M, Fujii, T, Miyazaki, A, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Shimojo, S, Matsuda, T
    Jul. 2018, 41st Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • Structural and functional brain connectivity of prosocial behavior: Evaluation using Human Connectome Project pipeline
    Takagishi, H, Miyazaki, A, Ishihara, T, Fujii, T, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Takahashi, M, Tanaka, H, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    Jul. 2018, 41st Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • Influence of childhood exercise on cognitive functions and related brain structure and neural network in adulthood: Evaluation using Human Connectome Project pipeline
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Takagishi, H, Fujii, T, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Takahashi, M, Tanaka, H, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    Jul. 2018, 41st Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society, English
    Summary national conference

  • 大学ソフトテニス選手の睡眠と競技パフォーマンスの関係
    韓 天放, 王 文娟, 石原 暢, 黒田 裕太, 水野 眞佐夫
    May 2018, 体力科学, 67(3) (3), 258, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 中学高校の運動経験と成人後の認知機能の関連性に関する研究:HCPパイプラインを用いた脳マルチモーダルMRIによる検討
    石原 暢, 宮崎 淳, 高岸 治人, 藤井 貴之, 金成 慧, 仁科 国之, 高橋 宗良, 田中 大貴, 山岸 俊男, 松田 哲也
    Mar. 2018, 日本ヒト脳機能マッピング学会プログラム・抄録集, 101, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 向社会的行動と背外側前頭前野の関連:HCPパイプラインを用いた検討
    高岸 治人, 宮崎 淳, 石原 暢, 藤井 貴之, 金成 彗, 仁科 国之, 高橋 宗良, 田中 大貴, 山岸 俊男, 松田 哲也
    Mar. 2018, 日本ヒト脳機能マッピング学会プログラム・抄録集, 58, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • デフォルトの選好に反する社会的意思決定に及ぼすリスク回避傾向の影響:HCPパイプライン及び大規模サンプルを用いた検討
    田中 大貴, 宮崎 淳, 高橋 治人, 石原 暢, 藤井 貴之, 金成 彗, 仁科 国之, 高橋 宗良, 山岸 俊男, 松田 哲也
    Mar. 2018, 日本ヒト脳機能マッピング学会プログラム・抄録集, 100, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • right DLPFCのGABA levelと社会的価値志向性との関連
    藤井 貴之, 宮崎 淳, 高橋 宗良, 石原 暢, 田中 大貴, 栗林 秀人, 高岸 治人, 松田 哲也
    Mar. 2018, 日本ヒト脳機能マッピング学会プログラム・抄録集, 51, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 風味評価プロセスにおける初期の口当たりと後味の判断に関連した島皮質の活動
    高橋 宗良, 藤井 貴之, 宮崎 淳, 石原 暢, 田中 大貴, 下條 信輔, 松田 哲也
    Mar. 2018, 日本ヒト脳機能マッピング学会プログラム・抄録集, 73, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 大学生テニス選手における脱水率とサービス精度の関連性の検討
    黒田 裕太, 石原 暢
    Jan. 2018, 日本スポーツ栄養研究誌, 11, 131, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • The relationships between exercise habits, dietary habits and subjective fatigue in female university students
    Wang, W, Ishihara, T, Nakahara, A, Mizuno, M
    Nov. 2017, The Journal of Physical Fitness & Sports Medicine, 6(6) (6), 529

  • Cognitive functions in snowless as compared to snowy periods among middle-aged and elderly residents living in snowy cold districts
    Kikukawa, Y, Ishihara, T, Mizuno, M
    Nov. 2017, The Journal of Physical Fitness & Sports Medicine, 6(6) (6), 534

  • The relationships of physical fitness and weight status to academic performance in children: a 24 months prospective study
    Morita, N, Ishihara, T, Nakajima, T, Okita, K, Sagawa, M, Yamatsu, K
    Nov. 2017, The Journal of Physical Fitness & Sports Medicine, 6(6) (6)

  • The relationships of extracurricular activity and physical fitness with academic performance in schoolchildren
    Ishihara, T, Nakajima, T, Yamatsu, K, Okita, K, Mizuno, M, Sagawa, M, Morita, N
    Nov. 2017, The Journal of Physical Fitness & Sports Medicine, 6(6) (6), 573

  • 小学生の敏捷性関連能力と高次認知機能の関連
    森田 憲輝, 石原 暢, 奥田 知靖, 山本 理人
    Sep. 2017, 日本体育学会大会予稿集, 136, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 3か月間の朝運動プログラムが子どもの認知機能に与える効果
    石原 暢, 森田 憲輝, 奥田 知靖, 山本 理人
    Sep. 2017, 日本体育学会大会予稿集, 136, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 中学生期の体力は達成動機，肥満度そして社会経済的要因と独立して学業成績と関連する
    山津 幸司, 森田 憲輝, 中島 寿宏, 石原 暢, 佐川 正人
    Jul. 2017, 体力科学, 66(4) (4), 315

  • 中学1年生の体力・体格とその後の学業成績の関連およびその性差
    石原 暢, 森田 憲輝, 中島 寿宏, 沖田 孝一, 水野 眞佐夫, 山津 幸司, 佐川 正人
    May 2017, 体力科学, 66(3) (3)

  • ジュニアテニスプレーヤーにおける遂行機能は半年後の競技レベルと関連する
    石原 暢, 黒田 裕太, 江森 雅記, 水野 眞佐夫
    Mar. 2017, テニスの科学, 25, 146‐147, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 主観的運動強度が遂行機能の要求されるグラウンドストローク精度に与える影響
    石原 暢, 黒田 裕太, 柴田 啓介, 水野 眞佐夫
    Mar. 2017, テニスの科学, 25, 166‐167, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • テニス試合時における身体活動強度および総ゲーム数と主観的運動強度の関係の検討
    黒田 裕太, 石原 暢, 水野 眞佐夫
    Mar. 2017, テニスの科学, 25, 156‐157, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 大学生テニス選手における試合の総ゲーム数および脱水率が主観的運動強度に与える影響
    黒田 裕太, 石原 暢, 水野 眞佐夫
    Jan. 2017, 日本スポーツ栄養研究誌, 10, 106, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 児童・生徒におけるテニストレーニング頻度が遂行機能に与える影響－横断的および縦断的検討－
    石原 暢, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2016, 運動とスポーツの科学, 22(1) (1), 107, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • Physical activity, milk intakes, and upper respiratory tract inflammation in elderly
    Murata, H, Shinohara, M, Ishihara, T, Uchida, K, Motoshima, H, Mizuno, M
    Dec. 2016, The Journal of Physical Fitness & Sports Medicine, 5(6) (6), 525

  • The effect of carbohydrate drink intake before acute tennis training on cognitive function and serve accuracy
    Kuroda, Y, Ishihara, T, Mizuno, M
    Dec. 2016, The Journal of Physical Fitness & Sports Medicine, 5(6) (6), 513

  • Ishihara, T, Sugasawa, S, Matsuda, Y, Emori, M, Mizuno, M
    Dec. 2016, The Journal of Physical Fitness & Sports Medicine, 5(6) (6), 476

  • 運動習慣および体格要因は体力を介して学業成績と関連する
    石原 暢, 森田 憲輝, 中島 寿宏, 沖田 孝一, 水野 眞佐夫, 山津 幸司, 佐川 正人
    Nov. 2016, 北海道体育学会第56回大会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 中高齢者における冬季の上気道感染症に身体活動と牛乳摂取習慣が与える影響
    村田 浩美, 篠原 翠, 石原 暢, 内田 健治, 元島 英雅, 水野 眞佐夫
    Nov. 2016, 体力科学, 65(6) (6), 542, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 子どもにおけるテニスレッスンへの参加に伴う遂行機能の促進は良好な食行動と関連する
    石原 暢, 黒田 裕太, 江森 雅記, 菅澤 繁美, 松田 祐介, 水野 眞佐夫
    Nov. 2016, 体力科学, 65(6) (6), 543, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 大学テニス競技者およびバスケットボール競技者における安静時の認知機能と競技パフォーマンスの関連
    石原 暢, 黒田 裕太, 柴田 啓介, 水野 眞佐夫
    Aug. 2016, 第2回スポーツパフォーマンス学会, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 青年テニスプレーヤーにおけるシングルスゲーム前後の認知機能の変化と競技パフォーマンスの関係
    石原 暢, 黒田 裕太
    Mar. 2016, テニスの科学, 24, 104 - 105, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • テニス試合時の総ゲーム数および脱水率が努力感に与える影響
    黒田 裕太, 石原 暢
    Mar. 2016, テニスの科学, 24, 106‐107, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 高齢者における運動と牛乳飲用の併用が唾液IgA濃度および急性上気道炎の罹患に与える効果
    篠原 翠, 石原 暢, 黒田 裕太, 苫米地 伸泰, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2015, 第13回日本栄養改善学会北海道支部学術総会

  • テニスプレー時の認知機能と主観的努力感がサービス精度に与える影響
    黒田 裕太, 石原 暢, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2015, 体力科学, 64(6) (6), 650, Japanese
    Summary national conference

  • 高齢者における運動及び牛乳乳製品摂取の習慣と上気道感染症の罹患の関係
    村田 浩美, 篠原 翠, 石原 暢, 黒田 裕太, 苫米地 伸泰, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2015, 体力科学, 64(6) (6), 696, Japanese

  • ジュニアテニスプレーヤーにおけるテニス競技歴が遂行機能に与える効果およびその性差
    石原 暢, 菅澤 繁美, 松田 祐介, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2015, 体力科学, 64(6) (6), 637, Japanese

  • 高齢者における運動と牛乳飲用の併用が上気道感染症に及ぼす軽減効果
    篠原 翠, 石原 暢, 黒田 裕太, 苫米地 伸泰, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2015, 体力科学, 64(6) (6), 612, Japanese

  • 青年テニスプレーヤーにおけるシングルスゲーム時の注意機能と競技パフォーマンスの関係
    石原 暢, 黒田 裕太, 小林 大造, 水野 眞佐夫
    Nov. 2015, 北海道体育学会第55回大会

  • テニストレーニング時の認知機能と主観的疲労感がサービス精度に与える影響
    黒田 裕太, 石原 暢, 水野 眞佐夫
    Jun. 2015, 体力科学, 64(3) (3), 385 - 386, Japanese

  • 小学生における異なるテニスレッスンプログラムが体力・運動能力と高次認知機能に与える効果
    石原 暢, 菅澤 繁美, 松田 祐介, 水野 眞佐夫
    Jun. 2015, 体力科学, 64(3) (3), 386, Japanese

  • 篠原 翠, 石原 暢, 黒田 裕太, 苫米地 伸泰, 水野 眞佐夫
    Jun. 2015, 体力科学, 64(3) (3), 383 - 384, Japanese

  • テニストレーニング時の主観的疲労感と認知機能及びサービス精度の検討
    黒田 裕太, 石原 暢, 水野 眞佐夫
    Mar. 2015, テニスの科学, 23, 48 - 49, Japanese

  • 小学生テニスレッスン生における異なるプログラムが認知機能に与える影響
    石原 暢, 菅澤 繁美, 松田 祐介, 水野 眞佐夫
    Mar. 2015, テニスの科学, 23, 46 - 47, Japanese

  • 高齢者のスポーツと牛乳飲用の併用が全身疲労感と免疫機能へ及ぼす効果_2
    篠原 翠, 石原 暢, 富田 有紀子, 黒田 裕太, 瀧澤 一騎, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2014, 第12回日本栄養改善学会北海道支部学術総会

  • 高齢者のスポーツと牛乳飲用の併用が全身疲労感と免疫機能へ及ぼす効果
    篠原 翠, 石原 暢, 富田 有紀子, 黒田 裕太, 瀧澤 一騎, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2014, 体力科学, 63(6) (6), 613, Japanese

  • テニストレーニング時の疲労感と認知機能及びサービスパフォーマンスの変化
    黒田 裕太, 石原 暢, 瀧澤 一騎, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2014, 体力科学, 63(6) (6), 659, Japanese

  • 中高齢者における運動習慣が認知機能に及ぼす効果
    石原 暢, 富田 有紀子, 瀧澤 一騎, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2014, 体力科学, 63(6) (6), 627, Japanese

  • 小学テニスレッスン生における異なるプログラムへの参加がワーキングメモリーに与える影響
    石原 暢, 松田 祐介, 菅澤 繁美, 水野 眞佐夫
    Nov. 2014, 北海道体育学会第54回大会

  • 水野 眞佐夫, 石原 暢, 富田 有紀子, 黒田 裕太
    Aug. 2014, 体力科学, 63(4) (4), 442 - 443, Japanese

  • 中高齢者における運動習慣の形成が認知機能と自律神経活動に及ぼす効果
    石原 暢, 富田 有紀子, 水野 眞佐夫
    Aug. 2014, 体力科学, 63(4) (4), 443, Japanese

  • 石原 暢, 森本 晃大, 山田 優二, 竹谷 隆司, 河西 哲子, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2013, 体力科学, 62(6) (6), 542, Japanese

  • 大学生の運動習慣がストレス応答と気分プロフィールに及ぼす効果
    富田 有紀子, 石原 暢, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2013, 体力科学, 62(6) (6), 653, Japanese

  • 中高齢者における身体活動と認知機能の関係
    石原 暢, 富田 有紀子, 水野 眞佐夫
    Dec. 2013, 体力科学, 62(6) (6), 653, Japanese

■ Books And Other Publications
  • みんなのための生涯学: 人生を楽しむ科学への招待
    石原暢
    Contributor, 第4章 身体活動と脳の健康, ナカニシヤ出版, Apr. 2025, Japanese, ISBN: 4779518601

  • Performance Optimization in Racket Sports: the Influence of Psychological Techniques, Factors, and Strategies
    Nicolas Robin, Toru Ishihara, Miguel Crespo, Emma Guillet Descas
    Editor, Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA, Mar. 2023, English, Co-authored internationally, ISBN: 9782832516959
    [Refereed]
    DOI

  • The Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Cognitive and Affective Wellbeing
    Chong Chen, Suk Yu, Sonata Yau, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Toru Ishihara
    Editor, Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA, Nov. 2022, English, Co-authored internationally, ISBN: 9782832508145
    [Refereed]
    DOI

  • 自己制御の発達と支援 (シリーズ 支援のための発達心理学)
    Ishihara, T, Kamijo, K
    Contributor, 第3章 児童期の自己制御の発達と運動による支援, 金子書房, Sep. 2018, ISBN: 4760895744

■ Lectures, oral presentations, etc.
  • 運動と脳の解剖学的発達について考える
    石原暢
    日本発育発達学会 第23回大会 シンポジウム 「運動と脳の発達について考える」, Mar. 2025, Japanese
    [Invited]
    Nominated symposium

  • 身体活動と脳の健康
    石原暢
    生涯学シンポジウム「生涯学」を知る－生涯観の刷新に向けた学術知の還元－, Nov. 2024, Japanese
    [Invited]

  • Physical Exercise and Brain Health
    Toru Ishihara
    IEICE Human Information Processing, Dec. 2023, Japanese, Domestic conference
    [Invited]
    Invited oral presentation

  • 身体活動と認知機能：マルチモーダル脳画像指標を用いた検討
    石原暢
    電気通信大学脳・医工学研究センターセミナー, Mar. 2023, Japanese, Domestic conference
    [Invited]
    Public discourse

  • 一過性運動が認知機能に与える影響ー調整変数に着目したIPDメタ分析ー
    石原暢
    第77回日本体力医学会大会 シンポジウム11「一過性運動と認知機能：なぜ半数の研究が効果を認めていないのか？」, Sep. 2022, Japanese
    Public symposium

  • 身体的健康と脳の健康、社会性
    石原暢
    日本社会心理学会第63回大会 ワークショップ「学際的な社会心理学の構築を目指して ―若手研究者のための教育講演―」, Sep. 2022, Japanese
    [Invited]
    Nominated symposium

  • 幼少期の運動経験と将来の認知機能
    Toru Ishihara
    第30回日本運動生理学会大会 シンポジウムⅢ「子どもの身体活動と認知/非認知能力」, Aug. 2022, Japanese
    [Invited]
    Nominated symposium

  • 体力・肥満と認知機能
    石原暢
    第11回社会神経科学研究会「脳・環境・臓器間ネットワークと社会性」, Nov. 2021, Japanese
    [Invited]
    Invited oral presentation

  • 学力とスポーツ競技力を同時に高めることは可能なのか？
    石原暢
    第76回 日本体力医学会大会 シンポジウム「運動・スポーツと脳 ―文武両道は成り立つのか？― 」, Sep. 2021, Japanese
    Public symposium

  • 運動・体力と認知機能の関係： 脳マルチモーダルMRI研究
    石原暢
    第4回 スポーツニューロサイエンス研究会 シンポジウム「新しいライフスタイル構築に向けた運動―脳・神経科学研究」, Sep. 2021, Japanese
    [Invited]
    Nominated symposium

  • 運動・体力と脳内ネットワーク
    Toru Ishihara
    第29回 日本運動生理学会大会 シンポジウム「運動がもたらす認知機能の変化：最新の知見と展望」, Aug. 2021, Japanese, Domestic conference
    [Invited]
    Nominated symposium

  • 運動が子どもの学力と認知機能に与える影響
    Toru Ishihara
    第2回 日本体力医学会北九州地方会学術集会 シンポジウム「脳の健康への身体活動科学の貢献」, Jun. 2021, Japanese, Domestic conference
    [Invited]
    Nominated symposium

  • Development of inequity aversion: A cross-sectional study from adolescence to adulthood
    Qiulu Shou, Atsushi Miyazaki, Junko Yamada, Hiroki Tanaka, Toru Ishihara, Takayuki Fujii, Muneyoshi Takahashi, Hiroyuki Okada, Tetsuya Matsuda, Haruto Takagishi
    The 32nd International Congress of Psychology, Jun. 2021, English
    Poster presentation

  • Developmental changes in trust and reciprocity: Cross-sectional study from adolescence to adulthood
    Junko Yamada, Atsushi Miyazaki, Qiulu Shou, Hiroki Tanaka, Toru Ishihara, Takayuki Fujii, Muneyoshi Takahashi, Hiroyuki Okada, Tetsuya Matsuda, Haruto Takagishi
    The 32nd International Congress of Psychology, Jun. 2021, English
    Poster presentation

  • 子どもの運動・体力と高次認知機能の関係
    Ishihara, T
    第39回日本臨床運動療法学会学術集会シンポジウム「子どもの健康：栄養・知力・体力」, Sep. 2020, Japanese, Domestic conference
    [Invited]
    Nominated symposium

  • Association between children’s physical fitness and performance on academic subjects
    Ishihara, T, Kamijo, K, Nakajima, T, Yamatsu, K, Okita, K, Sagawa, M, Morita, N
    The 2020 Yokohama Sport Conference, Sep. 2020, English, Japan, International conference, Co-authored internationally
    Poster presentation

  • Baseline cognitive performance moderates the benefits of regular exercise on cognition in children
    Kamijo, K, Ishihara, T, Drollette, E.S, Ludyga, S, Hillman, C.H
    American College of Sports Medicine 67th Annual Meeting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 52(7S), 610-611., Jun. 2020, English
    Poster presentation

  • 子ども・青年期の運動習慣，体力・体格と高次認知機能の関係
    Toru Ishihara
    第2回 体力･トレーニング科学研究会, Feb. 2020, Japanese
    [Invited]
    Public discourse

  • 身体活動，体力・体格と認知機能・学業成績の関係
    Ishihara, T
    ワークショップ「運動制御と認知」, Nov. 2019, Japanese, Domestic conference
    [Invited]
    Nominated symposium

  • 日本の子供の運動習慣・体力と学力および認知機能の関係 ―これまでの研究成果と今後の課題―
    Ishihara, T
    The 74th Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Sep. 2019, Japanese, Domestic conference
    Public symposium

  • Relationship of multiple aspects of physical fitness to cognitive control: An fMRI investigation with over 1,000 young and middle-aged adults
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Tanaka, H, Fujii, T, Takahashi, M, Matsuda, T
    24th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Jul. 2019, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • Relationship between pro-social behavior and myelination level in right DLPFC
    Takagishi, H, Miyazaki, A, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Fujii, T, Takahashi, M, Matsuda, T
    25th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, Jun. 2019, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • Social preference associated with the GABA level in the right DLPFC but not in the left DLPFC
    Fujii, T, Miyazaki, A, Takahashi, M, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Kuribayashi, H, Takagishi, H, Matsuda, T
    25th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, Jun. 2019, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • Modeling the relationship of physical fitness to working memory via fMRI activation and performance
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Tanaka, H, Fujii, T, Takahashi, M, Matsuda, T
    25th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, Jun. 2019, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • Social value orientation regulates the function of the right DLPFC on pro-social behavior
    Takagishi, H, Miyazaki, A, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Fujii, T, Takahashi, M, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    Human Behavior and Evolution Society 30th Annual Meeting, Jul. 2018, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • Functional brain connectivity of homo economicus: A multi-modal imaging study using the Human Connectome Project pipeline
    Kanari, K, Miyazaki, A, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Nishina, K, Fujii, T, Takahashi, M, Matsuda, T, Yamagishi, T, Takagishi, H
    Human Behavior and Evolution Society 30th Annual Meeting, Jul. 2018, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • Childhood sports and adulthood inhibition: A large-scale multimodal imaging study using HCP pipeline
    Ishihara, T, Miyazaki, A, Takagishi, H, Fujii, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Takahashi, M, Tanaka, H, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    24th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, Jun. 2018, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • Switching social behavior from default preferences: A multi-modal imaging study using HCP pipeline
    Tanaka, H, Miyazaki, A, Takagishi, H, Fujii, T, Ishihara, T, Kanari, K, Nishina, K, Takahashi, M, Yamagishi, T, Matsuda, T
    24th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, Jun. 2018, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • Association between concentration of GABA in right DLPFC and social preference
    Fujii, T, Miyazaki, A, Takahashi, M, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Kuribayashi, H, Takagishi, H, Matsuda, T
    24th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, Jun. 2018, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • Insula activity during initial taste detection and aftertaste discrimination in flavor perception
    Takahashi, M, Fujii, T, Miyazaki, A, Ishihara, T, Tanaka, H, Shimojo, S, Matsuda, T
    24th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, Jun. 2018, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • The negative association of underweight to academic performance and cognitive control in undergraduate women
    Kamijo, K, Ishihara, T, Torii, S, Hillman, C.H
    25th Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting, Mar. 2018, English
    Oral presentation

  • Relationships of daily physical activity, exercise habits, and weight status to executive function in healthy Japanese individuals: Moderation by age and gender
    Kikukawa, Y, Ishihara, T, Tomita, Y, Mizuno, M
    7th Hong Kong International Nursing Forum, Dec. 2017, English

  • Rationale and design of a school-based longitudinal study investigating the effects of physical fitness on executive function in elementary school-aged children
    Morita, N, Ishihara, T, Okuda, T, Ambe, H, Kotani, K, Yamamoto, R, Nakajima, T, Sagawa, M, Kamijo, K
    8th Pacific Rim Conference on Education, Nov. 2017, English

  • Associations between physical fitness and academic performance is independent of achievement motivation in Japanese junior high school students
    Yamatsu, K, Nakajima, T, Morita, N, Ishihara, T, Sagawa, M
    British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences Conference 2017. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(S1), S107., Nov. 2017, English
    Poster presentation

  • Relationships of achievement motivation, physical fitness, and weight with academic performance in seventh-grade schoolchildren
    Ishihara, T, Morita, N, Nakajima, T, Okita, K, Mizuno, M, Sagawa, M, Yamatsu, K
    8th Pacific Rim Conference on Education, Nov. 2017, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • Exercise combined with milk intakes suppresses morbidity and symptoms for upper respiratory tract inflammation during winter in elderly individuals
    Murata, H, Shinohara, M, Ishihara, T, Kuroda, Y, Tomabechi, N, Mizuno, M
    21st Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Jul. 2017, English
    Oral presentation

  • 中学生の学業問題に対する体育・スポーツ心理学的アプローチ
    Ishihara, T
    Conference of the Japanese Society of Sport Psychology, Nov. 2016, Japanese, Domestic conference
    Public symposium

  • Relationship between tennis experience and executive function in male children, independent of physical fitness level
    Ishihara, T, Sugasawa, S, Matsuda, Y, Mizuno, M
    American College of Sports Medicine 63rd Annual Meeting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(5S), 930., May 2016, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • The effect of different types of tennis lesson on executive function in junior tennis players
    Ishihara, T, Sugasawa, S, Matsuda, Y, Mizuno, M
    American College of Sports Medicine 62nd Annual Meeting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(5S), 675., May 2015, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • Determining factors for winning sets in the Wheelchair Tennis.
    Ishihara, T, Mizuno, M
    1st Asia-Pacific conference on Coaching Science, Jul. 2014, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

  • The effect of physical activity on cognitive function and heart rate variability in elderly individuals
    Ishihara, T, Tomita, Y, Mizuno, M
    American College of Sports Medicine 61st Annual Meeting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46(5S), 241., May 2014, English, International conference
    Poster presentation

■ Affiliated Academic Society
  • European College of Sport Science
    Feb. 2019 - Present

  • JAPAN SOCIETY OF HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
    Nov. 2018 - Present

  • Organization for Human Brain Mapping
    May 2018 - Present

  • Japan Human Brain Mapping Society
    Mar. 2018 - Present

  • THE JAPAN NEUROSCIENCE SOCIETY
    Jan. 2018 - Present

  • Japan Society on Tennis Science
    Sep. 2014 - Present

  • American College of Sports Medicine
    Apr. 2014 - Present

  • The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
    May 2013 - Present

  • Hokkaido Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences
    Mar. 2013 - Mar. 2023

  • Japan Society of Sports Performance Research
    Dec. 2015 - Mar. 2022

  • Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences
    Jun. 2017 - Oct. 2019

  • Japan Society of Physical Exercise and Sport Science
    Jun. 2016 - Mar. 2019

  • The Japanese Society of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
    May 2017 - Mar. 2018

  • Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology
    Nov. 2014 - Mar. 2017

■ Research Themes
  • スキージャンプのテイクオフ動作における運動学的・空気力学的成功要因の解明
    山本 敬三, 坪倉 誠, 松澤 衛, 石原 暢
    日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(B), 北翔大学, Apr. 2025 - Mar. 2030

  • 思春期の社会性の発達を促すライフスタイルと社会環境要因の検討
    石原暢, 高岸治人, 松田哲也
    文部科学省共同利用・共同研究拠点, 玉川大学脳科学研究所「社会神経科学研究拠点」, Apr. 2025 - Mar. 2028, Principal investigator

  • 中高齢者のトゲドコロイモ摂取における機能性とその効能の解明
    佐藤 幸治, 石原 暢
    日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(B), 神戸大学, Apr. 2024 - Mar. 2028

  • 脳コネクト―ム・遺伝子・個体差の種間比較からみた脳加齢機構
    林 拓也, 石原暢, 高岸治人, 村山美穂, 横山ちひろ, BAI Wenjun
    日本医療研究開発機構, 脳神経科学統合プログラム（個別重点研究課題）, Oct. 2024 - Mar. 2027, Coinvestigator

  • 生活習慣が認知機能に与える影響とその神経科学的・分子生物学的メカニズムの解明
    石原暢
    神戸大学, 高等学術研究院テニュアトラック教員支援制度(B制度), 神戸大学, Apr. 2022 - Mar. 2026, Principal investigator
    Competitive research funding

  • 学校・家庭教育環境が子どもの創造性発達に与える影響の横断・縦断研究
    石黒 千晶, 石原 暢
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Apr. 2022 - Mar. 2026, Coinvestigator

  • Identification of the molecular biological basis underlying the delay of brain aging through physical health
    石原 暢
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A), Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A), Kobe University, Apr. 2023 - Mar. 2025, Principal investigator

  • 子どものライフスタイルと向社会性の関係
    石原暢, 高岸治人, 松田哲也
    文部科学省共同利用・共同研究拠点, 玉川大学脳科学研究所「社会神経科学研究拠点」, Apr. 2022 - Mar. 2025, Principal investigator

  • 運動・スポーツが子どもの社会性に与える影響とその神経基盤―fNIRSハイパースキャニング研究―
    石原暢, 高岸治人, 寿秋露, 丹波夏希, 橋本紳之亮
    Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, The 38th Research Grant of Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Nov. 2022 - Jan. 2025, Principal investigator

  • Physical fitness and ability to concentrate: Toward the development of classroom neuroscience
    紙上 敬太, 森田 憲輝, 石原 暢
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory), Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory), Chukyo University, Jul. 2021 - Mar. 2024
    子供の運動不足、それに伴う体力の低下が懸念されるようになって久しい。また、経済協力開発機構による学習到達度調査では、2018年に読解力の国際順位が大幅に下がり、日本の子供の学力低下が懸念されている。そのような中、研究代表者らの研究グループは、日本の子供を対象に、体力と学力の変化の縦断関係を検討し、体力の向上と学力の向上が関わっていることを明らかにした（Ishihara et al., 2021, NPJ Sci Learn）。 しかしながら、なぜ体力と学力が関係するのか、その作用機序に関しては不明である。上述した研究代表者らの縦断研究では、学校以外での勉強時間も評価している。その結果、勉強時間の増加により学力は向上するという関係は認められたが、体力の変化と勉強時間の変化は関係していなかった。つまり、「体力の向上 → 勉強時間の増加 → 学力の向上」という関係は成り立たない。残る選択肢は、学校での授業態度の変化になるのではないだろうか。すなわち、「体力の向上 → 授業中の集中力の向上 → 学力の向上」という縦断関係が成り立つ可能性があるのではないかと考えている。しかしながら、授業中の集中力を客観的に評価することは容易ではなく、これまでに体力と授業中の集中力の関係を示した報告はない。そこで本研究では、ウェアラブル脳NIRS（近赤外分光法）を用いた授業中の集中力の評価法、いわば「Classroom Neuroscience」の確立に挑戦する。換言すれば、体力と学力の関係における作用機序の解明を窓口に、実験室を飛び出した実践的な認知神経科学的研究手法の提案を目指す。 令和3年度には、ウェアラブル脳NIRSを用いた授業中の集中力の評価法の開発を行う予定であったが、新型コロナウイルス感染症の影響で実験を実施できなかった。

  • 習慣的運動が子どもの社会性に与える影響：実行機能とオキシトシンの役割に着目して
    石原 暢
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists, Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists, Kobe University, Apr. 2021 - Mar. 2024
    過去20年に渡る電子メディアの急速な普及は、子どもの運動不足を引き起こすだけでなく、対面での交流機会を減少させ、社会性の発達に悪影響を及ぼしていることが危惧されている。加えて、日本の子どもの社会性は世界的に見て低い水準であることが報告されており、子どもの社会性の発達支援に資する研究は、日本が率先して行うべき喫緊の課題である。 子どもの習慣的運動に伴う体力向上や適正体重の維持が子どもの認知神経発達を促すことが明らかになっているが、当該研究分野で主に注目されているのは学力と前頭前野機能であり、社会性と関わる認知機能や行動に着目した研究はほとんど行われていないのが現状である。そこで本研究は、習慣的運動に伴う体力向上や適正体重の維持が子どもの社会性に与える影響を明らかにすることを目的としている。 令和3年度には、幼少期の体力・運動能力および体格と向社会性の関係を分析した。その結果、20mシャトルランおよび50m走の成績と向社会性の関係に正の相関関係が、BMIと向社会性の関係に負の相関関係が認められた。

  • 幼少期の運動習慣が中高齢期の認知機能を維持・増進させる神経機構とその個人差の解明
    石原 暢
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A), Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A), Kobe University, Sep. 2021 - Mar. 2023
    幼少期の習慣的運動は認知機能の発達を促し、その効果は中高齢期にまで継続されることが示されている。しかし、その基盤となる神経機構と個人差は検討されておらず、どのような場合に幼少期の習慣的運動が中高齢期の認知機能の維持・増進に貢献するのかは未解明である。本研究は、子どもを対象とした2年間の前向き縦断研究と中高齢者を対象とした後ろ向き横断研究により、幼少期の習慣的運動が中高齢期の認知機能を維持・増進させる背景にある脳の構造・機能的変化およびその個人差を明らかにすることを目的としている。 令和3年度には、Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Studyのデータベースに登録されている4576名の子ども（9~11歳）から得られた2年間の縦断データを分析した。その結果、身体活動量が多く、体重が適正である（BMIが低い）ことは、認知機能の向上と関係していた。それらの関係を媒介する脳画像データ（皮質厚、面積、体積、溝の深さ、灰白質と白質のコントラスト）を調べた結果、灰白質と白質のコントラストがBMIと認知機能の関係を媒介していた。しかし、その媒介効果は非常に小かったことから、子どもの習慣的運動と認知機能の関係を媒介する要因を調べる上で、他の脳指標を用いる必要があることが示された。 また、中高齢者を対象とした後ろ向き横断研究の結果、幼少期の運動経験と認知機能の関係と最も強く関わる脳指標は、安静時の大脳半球間の機能的結合であることが示された。この結果をもとに、機能的近赤外分光分析法を用いて子どもの安静時の大脳半球間の機能的結合を評価することを新たに計画している。

  • 体力と脳の構造的神経ネットワークの関係に関する研究
    一般財団法人 伊藤忠兵衛基金, 伊藤忠兵衛基金学術研究助成金, Apr. 2021 - Mar. 2022, Principal investigator

  • 思春期の運動がリスク愛好的行動とその制御システムの発達に及ぼす影響
    Toru Ishihara
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Postdoctoral Fellow, Apr. 2019 - Mar. 2022, Principal investigator
    Competitive research funding

  • Longitudinal associations among physical fitness growth, cognitive development, and school performance in elementary school children.
    MORITA Noriteru
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University of Education, Apr. 2019 - Mar. 2022
    The relationship between physical fitness (PF), cognitive function (CF), and academic performance can be shown as "PF → CF → learning outcomes." However, it has not been clear which improvement in PF affects which CF, nor has it been clear how increases in PF and CF are related to learning outcomes. This study aimed to clarify the longitudinal relationships between PF increase, improvement in CF, and learning outcomes participating in more than 500 elementary school children for three years. Although the three-year follow-up data analysis has been still ongoing, the first-year cross-sectional data showed a significantly positive correlation between inhibitory function, one of CF subdomains, and agility, a PF component. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between other PF components and CF, suggesting that agility may be a key PF component strongly related to CF in elementary school children.

  • Identification of the neural networks underlying the effects of physical activity on cognitive function
    石原 暢
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists, Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists, Apr. 2018 - Mar. 2021
    近年の研究により，身体活動は加齢に伴う認知機能の衰退予防だけでなく，子どもから青年期においても認知機能を改善，発達させるための１つの手段となり得ることが報告されている．しかし，身体活動が脳構造や機能に与える効果に関する知見は乏しい状況にある．磁気共鳴画像 (MRI) を用いた研究により，身体活動は前頭前野背外側部や海馬の体積を増大させることが報告されているものの，脳の機能レベルで身体活動の効果を理解するためには，脳領域間の解剖学的ならびに神経活動レベルでの繋がりの変化を調べる必要がある． そこで本研究では，近年公開されたMRIで脳の構造・機能をより正確かつ詳細に計測・解析できる Human Connectome Project (HCP) 準拠のプロトコールで撮像した MRI データ，ならびに解析パイプラインを用いて，20歳から60歳の健常者を対象に身体活動量と認知機能の成績に関わる脳の構造・機能的領域間結合の関連を詳細に検討し，身体活動が認知機能を改善，発達させる背景にある神経ネットワークの変化を明らかにすることを目的としている． 令和元年度には，本実験を進め，データの収集に努めた．さらに，HCP が公開している 1,033 名のデータセットを用い，体力（有酸素性の持久力，歩行速度，巧緻性，筋力）とワーキングメモリー課題成績ならびに課題関連脳活動の関係を分析した．その結果，有酸素性の持久力と巧緻性が高い者ほどワーキングメモリー課題の成績が高く，前頭頭頂ネットワークとデフォルトモードネットワークに関わる領域の課題関連脳活動がその関係を媒介していた．

  • 思春期の運動がリスク愛好的行動とその制御システムの発達に及ぼす影響
    Toru Ishihara
    玉川大学, 玉川大学特別研究奨励費, May 2019 - Mar. 2020, Principal investigator
    Competitive research funding

  • 児童期の体力と「空気を読む力」の関係：心の理論に着目して
    Toru Ishihara
    北海道体育学会, 70周年兼第60回大会記念「研究助成」, Apr. 2019 - Mar. 2020, Principal investigator
    Competitive research funding

  • スポーツが子どもの認知機能と学力に与える効果：12ヶ月間の縦断的検討
    Toru Ishihara
    文部科学省, 科学研究費補助金 (研究活動スタート支援), Aug. 2017 - Mar. 2018, Principal investigator
    Competitive research funding

■ Social Contribution Activities
  • 運動・スポーツと脳
    東洋大学附属姫路高等学校
    Lecturer, One Day University 2023, 08 Jul. 2023

  • 運動・スポーツと脳
    東洋大学附属姫路高等学校
    Lecturer, One Day University 2022, 09 Jul. 2022

  • 子どもの運動・スポーツと認知神経発達
    株式会社encounter
    Lecturer, Weekly Trainer’s Community, 25 Oct. 2021

  • 習慣的運動・体力と脳
    一般社団法人身体開発研究機構
    Informant, 第71回 フィットネスデザイン交流会, 18 Aug. 2021

  • 運動が子どもの認知発達に及ぼす効果
    Lecturer, 明石市立藤江幼稚園 園内研究会, 22 Jul. 2020 - 22 Jul. 2020, Teachers

  • 運動と認知機能の最前線
    一般社団法人身体開発研究機構
    Informant, 第55回 フィットネスデザイン交流会, 21 Nov. 2019

  • 「役に立つ」のが研究？
    玉川大学学術研究所 研究促進室
    コスモス祭 ミニトークショー, 10 Oct. 2018

  • 運動・スポーツは脳の成長に影響するか
    北海道教育大学岩見沢校
    Informant, あそびプロジェクト：アーツ＆スポーツ☆クリエイティブカフェ, Oct. 2018

  • 何歳（いくつ）からはアスリート？ ～ジュニア期のスポーツ参加を考える～
    一般社団法人身体開発研究機構
    Lecturer, 第3回 フィットネスデザイン交流会シンポジウム, 07 Jan. 2018

  • 児童期の運動と自己制御能力の関連
    一般社団法人身体開発研究機構
    Informant, 第27回 フィットネスデザイン交流会, 19 Jul. 2017

  • 勉強だけしていれば アタマはよくなるのか？
    一般社団法人身体開発研究機構
    Informant, 第5回 フィットネスデザイン交流会, 16 Sep. 2015

■ Others
  • Review Editor in Frontiers in Neuroscience & Genetics - Neurogenomics
    Jun. 2022 - Present, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/all/sections/neurogenomics

  • Review Editor in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - Cognitive Neuroscience
    Jun. 2021 - Present, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/sections/cognitive-neuroscience

  • Topic Editor in Frontiers in Psychology
    2022 - 2023, Research Topic "Effects of Physical Activity on Brain, Cognition, and Learning in Preadolescent and Adolescent Children with Developmental Disabilities: an Interdisciplinary Perspective"

  • Topic Editor in Frontiers in Psychology
    2021 - 2022, Research Topic "Performance Optimization in Racket Sports: the Influence of Psychological Techniques, Factors, and Strategies"

  • Topic Editor in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
    2021 - 2022, Research Topic "The Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Cognitive and Affective Wellbeing"

  • Ad-Hoc Journal Reviewer
    https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/343291 Acta Gymnica; Autism Research; BMC Public Health; BMJ Open; Brain and Cognition; Brain Sciences; Child Development; Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders; Developmental Psychobiology; Educational Studies; Experimental Brain Research; Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience; Frontiers in Psychology; Health Psychology; Infant and Child Development; International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology; International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience; International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology; Journal of Clinical Medicine; Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology; Journal of Integrative Neuroscience; Journal of Motor Behavior; Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport; Journal of Sports Sciences; Mental Health and Physical Activity; Neural Networks; NeuroImage; npj Science of Learning; Nutrients; PeerJ; Personality and Individual Differences; Physiology & Behavior; Plos One; Preventive Medicine; Progress in Brain Research; Psychologia; Psychological Research; Psychology of Sport and Exercise; Psychophysiology; Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports; Scandinavian Journal of Psychology; Scientific Reports; Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology; Sports; Sports Medicine; Trends in Neuroscience and Education

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