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FUKAMACHI SatoruGraduate School of Intercultural Studies / Department of Cultural-InteractionAssociate Professor
Research activity information
■ Paper- Dec. 2022, HUMANITIES-BASEL, 11(6) (6), English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Mar. 2021, HUMANITIES-BASEL, 10(1) (1), 1 - 11, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Dec. 2020, HUMANITIES-BASEL, 9(4) (4), 1 - 10, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Keisui-Sha, Apr. 2020, English, Domestic magazine侵攻小説というプロパガンダ装置の誕生
- Mar. 2020, 英語英文學研究, 64, 41 - 54, Japanese, Domestic magazine[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Kokusho Kankokai, Jun. 2019When William Came
- 同朋大学日本文学会 ; 2006-, Mar. 2019, 同朋文化, (14) (14), 116 - 102, JapaneseA Study in Criticism Against the Lippincott's Version of "The Picture of Dorian Gray"
- 広島大学文学研究科英文学会, 2015, Phoenix, (75) (75), 1 - 17, Japanese『ドーキングの戦い』にまつわる4ヶ月間の攻防[Refereed]
- It has been said that the sub-genre of Science Fiction called Invasion Literature was popular from 1871 through the outbreak of World War I in Britain. However, from 1872 to 1881, there was a significant decline in this trend. During these ten years, fewer than ten titles were published while more than 20 stories had appeared in 1871, and the stories in that decade have been almost completely ignored by the scholars of this genre. This history might imply the fruitlessness of studying Invasion Literature in that era; however, in order to clarify how the genre had developed, breaking this tradition might yield some fruitful results. One of these stories is The Channel Tunnel; or, England's ruin (1876) written by an anonymous author using a pseudonym, Cassandra. In the story, a German Emperor cunningly plans an invasion of France and England in 1885, and implements the plan accordingly. The war between Germany and France is a synonym of the actual war, the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, and after defeating France, the Emperor encourages his subjects to travel to England through newly constructed submarine tunnel under the English Channel. When the number of the German travelers is at its highest, England is led to declare war against Germany. The war only lasts about a month; England is quickly defeated and consents to paying an incredibly high indemnity. This story can be regarded as a propagandistic work advocating the reinforcement of national defence, and therefore the increase of the military budget. While the author describes the unstoppable enemy forces proceeding to London, he also tells how the English "Economical Government" has made the English army too weak for the demands it might face. The author does not tell the readers what to do clearly; instead of this, he shows them what to think about. The characteristics of the persuasive techniques of this story can be summarized as the selected agenda settings, the limited time setting, and the description of situations arousing fear or anger. This tale contains carefully calculated layers of propagandistic methods. However, it failed to draw public attention. The main reason probably lies in its illogical plot in which ambitious Germany deceives surrounding nations including England, and the Germans successfully land on English soil without any hindrance. However, in contrast with the case of The Battle of Dorking (1871), it might have been impossible for an anonymous author to influence the reading public with an invasion story when there was no public mood of alarm to employ.Although this tale was commercially unsuccessful, it is the earliest example of Invasion Literature that employs the idea of the Channel Tunnel. In 1882, when an actual (though never completed) tunnel under the English Channel was being constructed, more than 600 English public figures, including Lord Alfred Tennyson, signed a petition opposing the construction, in response to the campaign started by a leading journal, The Nineteenth Century. Accordingly, it became highly popular to write invasion stories using the Channel Tunnel as a gateway for invading forces. When The Channel Tunnel was published, the English held somewhat neutral opinions about the tunnel, and this was also true of the Pall Mall Gazette, which the author, Cassandra, expressed high regard for in the story. In that moderate public mood, the alarming story of The Channel Tunnel had appeared, including some remarkably original features. Perhaps, it was published too early. Apart from that theme, The Channel Tunnel also contains an important device; foreign travellers in England turn out to be enemy soldiers or able assistants of an invading force. In the 1890s and the early 20th century, the foreigners in England as a national threat became a typical scenario in Invasion Literature. The most eminent writer using this theme is William Le Queux. He even encouraged the public to report to him if they saw a suspicious foreigner in England by promising them a monetary reward. Hence, The Channel Tunnel, even though a minor work of Invasion Literature, pioneers the use of two important themes.広島大学英文学会, 2015, 英語英文學研究, 59, 53 - 69, Japanese[Refereed]
- 広島大学文学研究科英文学会, 2014, Phoenix, (74) (74), 1 - 18, Japanese『1883年の侵攻』から読み解く英国の本土防衛と反戦思想[Refereed]
- 広島大学文学研究科英文学会, 2013, Phoenix, (73) (73), 15 - 36, EnglishThe Effects of Chesney's Propaganda through The Battle of Dorking in 1871[Refereed]
- 広島大学文学研究科英文学会, 2012, Phoenix, (72) (72), 26 - 40, EnglishThe Purposes of Chesney's Propaganda in The Battle of Dorking[Refereed]
- 広島大学文学研究科英文学会, 2011, Phoenix, 0(71) (71), 33 - 43, EnglishAn Analysis of the Reputation of The Battle of Dorking in 1871[Refereed]
- Feb. 2023, 英文学研究 支部統合号, (15) (15), 23 (227) - 27 (231)Book review
- Mar. 2022, 世界史研究論叢, (11) (11), 88 - 100The Second Armada: A Chapter of Future History. Being a Reply to The German Conquest of England 1875 and the Battle of DorkingOthers
- 国書刊行会, Mar. 2025, Japanese, ISBN: 4336075069ドーキングの戦い: ある英国篤志隊員の回想録
- 国書刊行会, Jun. 2024, Japanese, ISBN: 4336075050スウープ！
- 溪水社, Mar. 2020, Japanese, ISBN: 4863275110「侵攻小説」というプロパガンダ装置の誕生
- 国書刊行会, Jun. 2019, Japanese, ISBN: 4336063567ウィリアムが来た時
- 2024年度日本クラウゼヴィッツ学会研究大会, Oct. 2024第一次大戦期の英国プロパガンダ -ロバートソン・スコットと月刊誌『新東洋』についてOral presentation
- シンポジウム：大戦とプロパガンダ, Mar. 2023第一次大戦における英国プロパガンダの変遷Nominated symposium
- 2022年度日本クラウゼヴィッツ学会研究大会, Oct. 2022戦争とテクノロジー…歴史、現在、未来（パネリスト）[Invited]Nominated symposium
- 国際文化学研究推進インスティテュート主催 2022年度オンラインセミナー、第3回 新任教員セミナー, Jul. 2022第一次世界大戦期の英国プロパガンダ局(ウェリントン・ハウス) ―その研究と課題―Oral presentation
- 2021年度日本クラウゼヴィッツ学会研究大会、第二シンポジウム：「戦争の前に 第一次世界大戦以前の民間の戦争論」, Oct. 2021イギリスの侵攻小説
■ Research Themes
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(C), 神戸大学, 01 Apr. 2023 - 31 Mar. 2027第一次大戦期の英国プロパガンダ局による日本での宣伝本年度の研究業績として挙げられるものは7月に参加した「第一次世界大戦前のドイツ民衆の戦争肯定論形成のモデル化」研究会での発表のみである。そこでは日本国内で収集した雑誌などの資料から、英国政府の関係を指摘し、さらには、英国のプロパガンダ局が発行した『戦事画報』や、この局が積極的に関与した『新東洋』などの分析から、そのプロパガンダの手法を中心に論じた。また、第一次大戦直後に日本陸軍の参謀本部が作成した『諜報及宣伝要領』や新聞資料などから、日本が英国のプロパガンダをどれほど理解していたのかを論考した。しかし、その多くは想像の域を出ず、この研究に信憑性を持たせるのには英国での資料調査が必須だった。そのため、9月に現地に行き、主にはキューの国立公文書館が収蔵するものを調べた。そこで収集したのは在日本英国大使館を中心とした手紙や電信のやりとりなど、計5000ページを超える資料である。この資料は1916年から1919年までの宣伝活動が記録されており、『新東洋』や『戦事画報』についてはもちろん、そのほかの活動についても克明に記録されている。また、具体的な人名や在日本英国大使館の下部組織、その規模なども明らかにされていることから、活動の詳細が明らかにできるものだと期待している。このように渡英の収穫は大いにあったが、これほどの量の資料を一人で分析するのは時間が掛かるため、23年度の後半だけでは足りなかった。また、同じ理由から、この年度の論文発表もできなかった。この点は残念であるが、充実した内容のものを24年度以降には発表したいと考えている。
- JSPS, Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists, Apr. 2019 - Mar. 2023, Principal investigator英国における侵攻小説と第一次世界大戦のプロパガンダ的類似性の研究Competitive research funding
- JSPS, Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows, Apr. 2013 - Mar. 2016, Principal investigatorヴィクトリア朝期の小説における反帝国主義の流行とそのプロパガンダ的特長の研究Competitive research funding