研究活動情報

• 2005年10月 日本体力医学会, 第60回日本体力医学会優秀発表賞, 「非温熱性要因が長時間運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響」の研究発表

  近藤 徳彦

• The effect of seasonal heat acclimatization on cool-seeking behaviour during passive heat stress in young adults.

  Hui Wang, Zachary J Schlader, Tze-Huan Lei, Toby Mündel, Tatsuro Amano, Naoto Fujii, Takeshi Nishiyasu, James Cotter, Narihiko Kondo

  Seasonal heat acclimatization is known to enhance autonomic thermoeffector responses, whereas the behavioural response following seasonal heat acclimatization remains unknown. We investigated whether seasonal heat acclimatization would alter autonomic and behavioural thermoregulatory responses. Sixteen healthy participants (eight males and eight females) underwent two trials involving 50 min of lower-leg passive heating (lower-leg submersion in 42°C water) with (Fan trial) and without (No fan trial) the voluntary use of a fan in a moderate thermal environment (27°C, 50% relative humidity) across winter and summer months. In Fan trials, participants were allowed to use a fan to maintain thermal comfort, but this was not allowed in the No fan trials. Cool-seeking behaviour was initiated at a lower change in rectal temperature [mean (SD): 0.21 (0.18)°C vs. 0.11 (0.13)°C, P = 0.0327] and change in mean skin temperature [2.34 (0.56)°C vs. 1.81 (0.32)°C, P < 0.0001], and cooling time was longer [16.46 (5.62) vs. 20.40 (4.87) min, P = 0.0224] in summer compared with winter. However, thermal perception was not modified by season during lower-leg passive heating (all P > 0.0864). Furthermore, rectal temperature was higher in summer (P = 0.0433), whereas mean body temperature and skin temperature were not different (all P > 0.0631) between the two seasons in Fan trials. In conclusion, seasonal heat acclimatization enhanced the cool-seeking behaviour from winter to summer.

  2024年09月, Experimental physiology, 英語, 国際誌

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Interactive effects of exercise intensity and recovery posture on post-exercise hypotension.

  Xueer Lu, Richie Philip Goulding, Toby Mundel, Zachary J Schlader, James D Cotter, Shunsaku Koga, Naoto Fujii, I-Lin Wang, Ziyang Liu, Hao-Yu Li, Hui Wang, Huixin Zheng, Narihiko Kondo, Chin-Yi Gu, Tze-Huan Lei, Faming Wang

  Post-exercise reduction in blood pressure, termed post-exercise hypotension (PEH), is relevant for both acute and chronic health reasons and potentially for peripheral cardiovascular adaptations. We investigated the interactive effects of exercise intensity and recovery postures (seated, supine, and standing) on PEH. Thirteen normotensive men underwent a VO2max test on a cycle ergometer and 5 exhaustive constant load trials to determine critical power (CP) and the gas exchange threshold (GET). Subsequently, work-matched exercise trials were performed at two discrete exercise intensities (10% > CP and 10% < GET), with one hour of recovery in each of three postures. For both exercise intensities, standing posture resulted in a more substantial PEH (all P < 0.01). For both standing and seated recovery postures, the higher exercise intensity led to larger reductions in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures (all P < 0.01), whereas in the supine recovery posture, the reduction in diastolic and mean arterial pressures was unaffected by prior exercise intensity (both P > 0.05). PEH is more pronounced during recovery from exercise performed above critical power versus below GET. However, the effect of exercise intensity on PEH is largely abolished when recovery is performed in the supine posture.

  2024年04月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 英語, 国際誌

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• GH and IGF-1 in skin interstitial fluid and blood are associated with heat loss responses in exercising young adults.

  Gulinu Maimaituxun, Tatsuro Amano, Glen P Kenny, Toby Mündel, Masanobu Kajiki, Kaname Tagawa, Akira Katagiri, Yoko Tanabe, Koichi Watanabe, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Narihiko Kondo, Naoto Fujii

  PURPOSE: Sweat glands and cutaneous vessels possess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors. Here, we assessed if exercise increases GH and IGF-1 in skin interstitial fluid, and whether baseline and exercise-induced increases in GH and IGF-1 concentrations in skin interstitial fluid/blood are associated with heat loss responses of sweating and cutaneous vasodilation. METHODS: Sixteen young adults (7 women) performed a 50-min moderate-intensity exercise bout (50% VO2peak) during which skin dialysate and blood samples were collected. In a sub-study (n = 7, 4 women), we administered varying concentrations of GH (0.025-4000 ng/mL) and IGF-1 (0.000256-100 µg/mL) into skin interstitial fluid via intradermal microdialysis. Sweat rate (ventilated capsule) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) were measured continuously for both studies. RESULTS: Exercise increased sweating and CVC (both P < 0.001), paralleled by increases of serum GH and skin dialysate GH and IGF-1 (all P ≤ 0.041) without changes in serum IGF-1. Sweating was positively correlated with baseline dialysate and serum GH levels, as well as exercise-induced increases in serum GH and IGF-1 (all P ≤ 0.044). Increases in CVC were not correlated with any GH and IGF-1 variables. Exogenous administration of GH and IGF-1 did not modulate resting sweat rate and CVC. CONCLUSION: (1) Exercise increases GH and IGF-1 levels in the skin interstitial fluid, (2) exercise-induced sweating is associated with baseline GH in skin interstitial fluid and blood, as well as exercise-induced increases in blood GH and IGF-1, and (3) cutaneous vasodilation during exercise is not associated with GH and IGF-1 in skin interstitial fluid and blood.

  2024年03月, European journal of applied physiology, 英語, 国際誌

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of voluntary electric fan use on autonomic and perceptual responses to lower leg passive heating in humans

  Hui Wang, Tze-Huan Lei, Zachary J. Schlader, Toby Mündel, Tatsuro Amano, Naoto Fujii, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Narihiko Kondo

  Elsevier BV, 2023年12月, Journal of Thermal Biology, 118, 103724 - 103724

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The effects of high-intensity exercise training and detraining with and without active recovery on postexercise hypotension in young men.

  Tze-Huan Lei, Naoto Fujii, Xiao Zhang, Faming Wang, Toby Mündel, I-Lin Wang, Yi-Ming Chen, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Tatsuro Amano, Kohei Dobashi, Lin Wang, Tzu-Shao Yeh, Narihiko Kondo, Richie P Goulding

  Whether high-intensity exercise training and detraining combined with skeletal muscle pump (MP) could alter the magnitude of postexercise hypotension has not been investigated. We therefore sought to determine whether the combination of MP (unloaded back-pedaling) with 4 weeks of high-intensity exercise training and detraining could alter the magnitude of postexercise hypotension. Fourteen healthy men underwent 4 weeks of high-intensity exercise training (5 consecutive days per week for 15 min per session at 40% of the difference between the gas exchange threshold and maximal oxygen uptake [i.e., Δ40%]) followed by detraining for 4 weeks. Assessments were conducted at Pre-training (Pre), Post-training (Post) and after Detraining with (MP) and without MP (Con). The exercise test in the Pre, Post and the Detraining consisted of 15 min exercise at Δ40% followed by 1 h of recovery. At all time-points, the postexercise reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced in MP compared to Con (all p < 0.01). Four weeks of high-intensity exercise training resulted in a reduction in the magnitude of postexercise hypotension (i.e., the change in MAP from baseline was mitigated) across both trials (All p < 0.01) when compared to Pre and Detraining. Following Detraining, the reduction of MAP from baseline was reduced compared to Pre, but was not different from Post. We conclude that high-intensity exercise training combined with skeletal MP reduces the magnitude of postexercise hypotension, and this effect is partially retained for 4 weeks following the complete cessation of high-intensity exercise training.

  2023年12月, Physiological reports, 11(24) (24), e15862, 英語, 国際誌

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Comparing thermoregulatory responses between short and long moderate intensity intermittent exercise protocols with the same duty cycle.

  Tze-Huan Lei, Chien Lin, Tatsuro Amano, Anna Ooue, Toby Mündel, James David Cotter, Naoto Fujii, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Narihiko Kondo

  To date, the thermoregulatory response between continuous and intermittent exercises has been investigated whilst limited studies are available to examine the thermoregulatory responses between different modes of intermittent exercises. We sought to determine the effect of two patterns of short duration intermittent exercises (180:180 (3-min) and 30:30 s (30-s) work: rest) on thermoregulatory responses in a temperate environment (25 °C, 50% RH, vapor pressure: 1.6 kPa) with low airflow (0.2 m/s). Twelve male participants (Age:24.0(5.0) year; VO2max: 53(8) mL.kg-1.min-1; BSA:1.7(0.1) m2) cycled at 50% VO2max for 60 min in 3-min and 30-s intervals to result in the same 30-min net exercise duration. Core and skin temperatures, the percent increase of skin blood flow (forearm and chest) from baseline and local sweat rate (forearm and chest) were not different between 3-min and 30-s (all P > 0.35) from the onset of exercise to the end of the exercise. Similarly, the mean body temperature onsets of skin blood flow (forearm and chest) and local sweat rates (forearm and chest) were not different between different mode of intermittent exercises (all P > 0.1). Furthermore, thermal sensitivities of skin blood flow (forearm and chest) and local sweat rate (forearm and chest) with increasing mean body temperature were not different between different mode of intermittent exercises (all P > 0.1). We conclude that intermittent exercises with different work periods at moderate exercise intensity did not alter core temperature and thermoeffector responses in a temperate environment. (241/250).

  2023年11月, Journal of thermal biology, 119, 103750 - 103750, 英語, 国際誌

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Critical power is a key threshold determining the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension in non-hypertensive young males.

  Tze-Huan Lei, I-Lin Wang, Yi-Ming Chen, Xin-Hao Liu, Naoto Fujii, Shunsaku Koga, Blake Perry, Toby Mundel, Faming Wang, Yinhang Cao, Kohei Dobashi, Narihiko Kondo, Hao-Yu Li, Richie P Goulding

  The effect of different exercise intensities on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension has not been rigorously clarified with respect to the metabolic thresholds that partition discrete exercise intensity domains (i.e., critical power and the gas exchange threshold (GET)). We hypothesized that the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension would be greater following isocaloric exercise performed above versus below critical power. Twelve non-hypertensive men completed a ramp incremental exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake and the GET, followed by five exhaustive constant load trials to determine critical power and W' (work available above critical power). Subsequently, criterion trials were performed at four discrete intensities matched for total work performed (i.e., isocaloric) to determine the impact of exercise intensity on post-exercise hypotension: 10% above critical power (10% > CP), 10% below critical power (10% < CP), 10% above GET (10% > GET) and 10% below GET (10% < GET). The post-exercise decrease (i.e., the minimum post-exercise values) in mean arterial (10% > CP: -12.7 ± 8.3 vs. 10% < CP: v3.5 ± 2.9 mmHg), diastolic (10% > CP: -9.6 ± 9.8 vs. 10% < CP: -1.4 ± 5.0 mmHg) and systolic (10% > CP: -23.8 ± 7.0 vs. 10% < CP: -9.9 ± 4.3 mmHg) blood pressures were greater following exercise performed 10% > CP compared to all other trials (all P < 0.01). No effects of exercise intensity on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension were observed during exercise performed below critical power (all P > 0.05). Critical power represents a threshold above which the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension is greatly augmented. NEW FINDINGS: What is the central questions of this study? What is the influence of exercise intensity on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension with respect to metabolic thresholds? What is the main finding and its importance? The magnitude of post-exercise hypotension is greatly increased following exercise performed above critical power. However, below critical power, there was no clear effect of exercise intensity on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension.

  2023年11月, Experimental physiology, 108(11) (11), 1409 - 1421, 英語, 国際誌

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Galanin receptors modulate cutaneous vasodilation elicited by whole-body and local heating but not thermal sweating in young adults.

  Naoto Fujii, Randeep Rakwal, Junko Shibato, Yoko Tanabe, Glen P Kenny, Tatsuro Amano, Toby Mündel, Tze-Huan Lei, Koichi Watanabe, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Galanin receptor subtypes GAL1, GAL2, and GAL3 are involved in several biological functions. We hypothesized that 1) GAL3 receptor activation contributes to sweating but limits cutaneous vasodilation induced by whole-body and local heating without a contribution of GAL2; and 2) GAL1 receptor activation attenuates both sweating and cutaneous vasodilation during whole-body heating. Young adults underwent whole-body (n = 12, 6 females) and local (n = 10, 4 females) heating. Forearm sweat rate (ventilated capsule) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; ratio of laser-Doppler blood flow to mean arterial pressure) were assessed during whole-body heating (water-perfusion suit circulated with warm (35 °C) water), while CVC was also assessed by local forearm heating (from 33 °C to 39 °C and elevated to 42 °C thereafter; each level of heating maintained for ∼30 min). Sweat rate and CVC were evaluated at four intradermal microdialysis forearm sites treated with either 1) 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (control), 2) M40, a non-selective GAL1 and GAL2 receptor antagonist, 3) M871 to selectively antagonize GAL2 receptor, or 4) SNAP398299 to selectively antagonize GAL3 receptor. Sweating was not modulated by any GAL receptor antagonist (P > 0.169), whereas only M40 reduced CVC (P ≤ 0.003) relative to control during whole-body heating. Relative to control, SNAP398299 augmented the initial and sustained increase in CVC during local heating to 39 °C, and the transient increase at 42 °C (P ≤ 0.028). We confirmed that while none of the galanin receptors modulate sweating during whole-body heating, GAL1 receptors mediate cutaneous vasodilation. Further, GAL3 receptors blunt cutaneous vasodilation during local heating.

  2023年09月, European journal of pharmacology, 954, 175904 - 175904, 英語, 国際誌

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Serum, interstitial and sweat ATP in humans exposed to heat stress: Insights into roles of ATP in the heat loss responses.

  Naoto Fujii, Yoko Tanabe, Tatsuro Amano, Koichi Watanabe, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Glen P Kenny

  Hyperthermia increases intravascular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is associated with greater hyperthermia-induced cutaneous vasodilation. Hyperthermia may also increase skin interstitial fluid ATP thereby activating cutaneous vascular smooth muscle cells and sweat glands. We evaluated the hypothesis that whole-body heating would increase skin interstitial fluid ATP, and this response would be associated with an increase in cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Nineteen (8 females) young adults underwent whole-body heating using a water-perfusion suit to increase core temperature by ~1°C during which time cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, ratio of laser-Doppler blood flow to mean arterial pressure) and sweat rate (ventilated capsule technique) were measured at four forearm skin sites to minimize between-site variations. Dialysate from the skin sites were collected via intradermal microdialysis. Heating increased serum ATP, CVC, and sweat rate (all p ≤ 0.031). However, heating did not modulate dialysate ATP (median, baseline vs. end-heating: 2.38 vs. 2.70 nmol/ml) (p = 0.068), though the effect size was moderate (Cohen's d = 0.566). While the heating-induced increase in CVC was not correlated with changes in serum ATP (r = 0.439, p = 0.060), we observed a negative correlation (rs  = -0.555, p = 0.017) between dialysate ATP and CVC. We did not observe a significant correlation between the heating-induced sweating and serum, dialysate, or sweat ATP (rs  = 0.091 to -0.322, all p ≥ 0.222). Altogether, we showed that passive heating increases ATP in blood and possibly skin interstitial fluid, with the latter potentially blunting cutaneous vasodilation. However, ATP does not appear to modulate sweating.

  2023年09月, Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 43(5) (5), 336 - 344, 英語, 国際誌

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• In vivo assessments of microneedle arrays and iontophoresis of pilocarpine in human palmar sweating.

  Tatsuro Amano, Naoto Fujii, Ying-Shu Quan, Glen P Kenny, Narihiko Kondo, Hirofumi Yamashita, Yoshimitsu Inoue

  Emotional stress-induced sweating in glabrous skin of the palm and sole, which can be excessive in some individuals (hyperhidrosis), can negatively impact quality of life. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this response can lead to potential treatments. Transdermal iontophoresis is a method to administer ionized sudorific agents to sweat glands within the dermis. However, due to the reduced permeability of pharmacological agents in thicker skin such as the palms, this technique has been shown to be less effective when applied in thicker skin. Thus, we assessed the effectiveness of pre-treating palmar skin with microneedles to create micropores on the stratum corneum of the palm to enhance the iontophoretic delivery of pilocarpine to modulate sweat production. On three separate sessions, we applied microneedles (0.78 cm2, 190 needles with a length of 875 μm) to palm and forearm skin sites. Upon removal of the microneedles, we assessed the number of perforations colored by gentian violet in the forearm only (Protocol 1, n = 20), skin barrier function indexed by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (Protocol 2, n = 21), and sweating induced by the iontophoretic application of 1% pilocarpine (Protocol 3, n = 43). Briefly, we measured 1) ∼172 dyed spots on forearm skin, 2) an increase of ∼300% and ∼ 900% in TEWL on palm and forearm skin, respectively; and 3) a 2-fold increase in sweating on the palm only following the application of the microneedles. Notably, the microneedle array failed to enhance pilocarpine delivery at either the palm or forearm skin sites. We showed the application of a microneedle array enhanced skin permeability and sweat production on the palm without a concomitant increase in pilocarpine delivery. Therefore, this methodology could be employed to advance our understanding of the causes and treatments of medical conditions such as hyperhidrosis.

  2023年06月, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 358, 161 - 170, 英語, 国際誌

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Induction and decay of seasonal acclimatization on whole body heat loss responses during exercise in a hot humid environment with different air velocities.

  Tze-Huan Lei, Masashi Fujiwara, Tatsuro Amano, Toby Mündel, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Naoto Fujii, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Narihiko Kondo

  Whether whole body heat loss and thermoregulatory function (local sweat rate and skin blood flow) are different between summer and autumn and between autumn and winter seasons during exercise with different air flow in humid heat remain unknown. We therefore tested the hypotheses that whole body sweat rate (WBSR), evaporated sweat rate, and thermoregulatory function during cycling exercise in autumn would be higher than in winter but would be lower than in summer under hot-humid environment (32 C, 75% RH). We also tested the hypothesis that the increase of air velocity would enhance evaporated sweat rate and sweating efficiency across winter, summer, and autumn seasons. Eight males cycled for 1 h at 40% V̇o2max in winter, summer, and autumn seasons. Using an electric fan, air velocity increased from 0.2 m/s to 1.1 m/s during the final 20 min of cycling. The autumn season resulted in a lower WBSR, unevaporated sweat rate, and a higher sweating efficiency compared with summer (all P ≤ 0.05) but WBSR and unevaporated sweat rate in autumn were higher than in winter and thus sweating efficiency was lower when compared with winter only at the air velocity of 0.2 m/s (All P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, evaporated sweat rate and core temperature (Tcore) were not different among winter, summer, and autumn seasons (All P > 0.19). In conclusion, changes in WBSR across different seasons do not alter Tcore during exercise in a hot humid environment. Furthermore, increasing air velocity enhances evaporated sweat rate and sweating efficiency across all seasons.

  2023年01月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 324(1) (1), R35-R44, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation in humans in vivo.

  Naoto Fujii, Tatsuro Amano, Glen P Kenny, Toby Mündel, Tze-Huan Lei, Yasushi Honda, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Do transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) blockers modulate the activation of heat loss responses of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation? What are the main finding and its importance? Relative to the vehicle control site, TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone had no effect on sweat rate or cutaneous vascular conductance during whole-body heating inducing a 1.1 ± 0.1°C increase in core temperature above baseline resting levels. These results suggest that TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during whole-body heat stress. ABSTRACT: Animal and in vitro studies suggest that transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), a Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel, contributes to regulating eccrine sweating. However, direct evidence supporting this possibility in humans is lacking. We assessed the hypothesis that TMEM16A blockers attenuate sweating during whole-body heating in humans. Additionally, we assessed the associated changes in the heat loss response of cutaneous vasodilatation to determine if a functional role of TMEM16A may exist. Twelve young (24 ± 2 years) adults (six females) underwent whole-body heating using a water-perfused suit to raise core temperature 1.1 ± 0.1°C above baseline. Sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance (normalized to maximal conductance via administration of sodium nitroprusside) were evaluated continuously at four forearm skin sites treated continuously by intradermal microdialysis with (1) lactated Ringer's solution (control), (2) 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) serving as a vehicle control, or (3) TMEM16A blockers 1 mM T16Ainh-A01 or 2 mM benzbromarone dissolved in 5% DMSO solution. All drugs were administered continuously via intradermal microdialysis. Whole-body heating increased core temperature progressively and this was paralleled by an increase in sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance at all skin sites. However, sweat rate (all P > 0.318) and cutaneous vascular conductance (all P ≥ 0.073) did not differ between the vehicle control site relative to the TMEM16A blocker-treated sites. Collectively, our findings indicate that TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during whole-body heating in young adults in vivo.

  2022年06月, Experimental physiology, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of TEA-sensitive K+ channel blockade on cholinergic and thermal sweating in endurance trained and untrained men.

  Tatsuro Amano, Naoto Fujii, Glen P Kenny, Yumi Okamoto, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  NEW & NOTEWORTHY: What is the central question of this study? Does inhibition of K+ channels modulate the exercise-training-induced augmentation in cholinergic and thermal sweating? What is the main finding and its importance? Iontophoretic administration of tetraethylammonium, a K+ channel blocker, blunted sweating induced by a low dose (0.001%) of cholinergic agent pilocarpine, but not heat-induced sweating. However, no differences in the cholinergic sweating were observed between young endurance trained and untrained men. Thus, while K+ channels play a role in the regulation of eccrine sweating, they do not contribute to the increase in sweating commonly observed in endurance trained adults. Our findings provide important new insights into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of sweating by endurance conditioning. ABSTRACT: We evaluated the hypothesis that the activation of K+ channels mediate the exercise-training-induced augmentation in cholinergic and thermal sweating. On separate days, 11 endurance trained and 10 untrained men participated in two experimental protocols. Prior to each protocol, we administered 2% tetraethylammonium (TEA, K+ channels blocker) and saline (Control) at forearm skin sites on both arms via transdermal iontophoresis. In protocol 1, a low (0.001%) and high (1%) doses of pilocarpine was administered at the TEA-treated and Control sites over a 60-min period. In protocol 2, participants were passively heated by immersing their lower limbs in hot water (43°C) until core (rectal) temperature (Tco ) increased by 0.8°C above resting levels. Administration of TEA attenuated cholinergic sweating (P = 0.001) during the initial 20-min after the treatment of low dose of pilocarpine only whilst the response was similar between the groups (P = 0.163). Cholinergic and thermal sweating were higher in trained relative to the untrained men (all P≤0.033). Thermal sweating reached ∼90% of the response at a Tco elevation of 0.8°C during initial 20-min of passive heating, which corresponds to the period wherein TEA attenuated cholinergic sweating in protocol 1. However, sweating did not differ between the Control and TEA sites in either group (P = 0.704). We showed that activation of K+ channels does not appear to mediate the elevated sweating response induced by a low dose of pilocarpine in trained men. We also demonstrated that K+ channels do not contribute to sweating during heat stress in either group. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  2022年03月, Experimental physiology, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Influence of exercise intensity and regional differences in the sudomotor recruitment pattern in exercising prepubertal boys and young men.

  Tatsuro Amano, Takako Asami, Tomoko Ichinose-Kuwahara, Dai Okushima, Hiroyuki Ueda, Narihiko Kondo, Yoshimitsu Inoue

  We investigated the influence of exercise intensities and regional differences in the sudomotor recruitment pattern in boys. Six prepubertal boys (age 11 ± 1 yr) cycled at light, moderate, and high exercise intensity (35%, 50%, and 65% VO2max) for 30 min in a temperate condition (28 °C, 40% relative humidity). Local sweat rate (ventilated capsule) and number of activated sweat glands (starch-iodine technique) at five body sites were assessed and sweat gland output was calculated. Responses in boys were compared with those in nine young men (23 ± 1 yr) tested under identical conditions. The forehead, chest, back, and forearm, but not thigh, sweat rate increased from light to moderate and at high intensities in boys (all p ≤ 0.005) but not from moderate to high (all p ≥ 0.071). The sweat rate on the forehead was relatively higher (p ≤ 0.045) and thigh was lower (p ≤ 0.050) than other sites in boys at moderate and high intensities. Exercise intensity-dependent sweating was associated with activating more sweat glands but not increasing glandular output in boys. The sweat rate in boys was attenuated versus men heterogeneously across body sites concurrent to low glandular outputs (all p ≤ 0.027). We conclude that exercise intensity modulates the sweat rate in boys by changing the number of activated sweat glands heterogeneously among skin sites. Age-related differences in the sudomotor pattern are evident at higher exercise intensities. Development of glandular output per gland occurring from boys to young men may play a key role in modulating sweat rate with respect to exercise intensity and regional differences.

  2022年01月, Physiology & behavior, 243, 113642 - 113642, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Three-year effects of neighborhood social network intervention on mental and physical health of older adults.

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Keiko Katagiri, Ai Fukuzawa, Michiko Touyama, Daichi Sonoda, Makoto Chogahara, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  OBJECTIVES: Although neighborhood is considered to be a crucial source of social network to promote health among older adults, current findings are mostly derived from observational study designs. This study examined whether participations in event-based community programs could increase neighborhood social network and whether such increase could lead to desirable changes in mental and physical health among older adults. METHOD: This study employed quasi-experimental design. A baseline questionnaire survey was sent to residents of Tsurukabuto community aged 60 years or more (n = 1769); 1,068 responded. Community events were implemented approximately once a month for three years. Then, a three-year follow-up survey questionnaire was sent to the respondents of the baseline survey. The total number of respondents in the latter survey was 662; of the total, 173 participated in the intervention. Strong and weak ties with neighbors, mental well-being (Ikigai-9), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) were measured in the surveys. RESULTS: The path analysis revealed that intervention participation was significantly associated with changes in strong ties (standardized path coefficient = 0.12) and changes in strong ties were associated with those in Ikigai-9 scores (standardized path coefficient = 0.15). The total and indirect effects of intervention participation on Ikigai-9 scores were significant. Significant intervention effects were not observed for HRQOL and IADL scores. CONCLUSION: This study found that participation in our event-based intervention could indirectly and positively influence older adults' mental well-being through their strong ties with their neighbors.

  2021年12月, Aging & mental health, 25(12) (12), 2235 - 2245, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Eccrine sweat glands' maximum ion reabsorption rates during passive heating in older adults (50-84 years).

  N Gerrett, T Amano, Y Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  PURPOSE: We examined whether eccrine sweat glands ion reabsorption rate declined with age in 35 adults aged 50-84 years. Aerobic fitness (VO2max) and salivary aldosterone were measured to see if they modulated ion reabsorption rates. METHODS: During a passive heating protocol (lower leg 42 °C water submersion) the maximum ion reabsorption rates from the chest, forearm and thigh were measured, alongside other thermophysiological responses. The maximum ion reabsorption rate was defined as the inflection point in the slope of the relation between galvanic skin conductance and sweat rate. RESULTS: The maximum ion reabsorption rate at the forearm, chest and thigh (0.29 ± 0.16, 0.33 ± 0.15, 0.18 ± 0.16 mg/cm2/min, respectively) were weakly correlated with age (r ≤  - 0.232, P ≥ 0.05) and salivary aldosterone concentrations (r ≤  - 0.180, P ≥ 0.179). A moderate positive correlation was observed between maximum ion reabsorption rate at the thigh and VO2max (r = 0.384, P = 0.015). Salivary aldosterone concentration moderately declined with age (r =  - 0.342, P = 0.021). Whole body sweat rate and pilocarpine-induced sudomotor responses to iontophoresis increased with VO2max (r ≥ 0.323, P ≤ 0.027) but only moderate (r =  - 0.326, P = 0.032) or no relations (r ≤  - 0.113, P ≥ 0.256) were observed with age. CONCLUSION: The eccrine sweat glands' maximum ion reabsorption rate is not affected by age, spanning 50-84 years. Aldosterone concentration in an aged cohort does not appear to modulate the ion reabsorption rate. We provide further support for maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness to attenuate any decline in sudomotor function.

  2021年11月, European journal of applied physiology, 121(11) (11), 3145 - 3159, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Dissociation between exercise intensity thresholds: mechanistic insights from supine exercise.

  Richie P Goulding, Simon Marwood, Tze-Huan Lei, Dai Okushima, David C Poole, Thomas J Barstow, Narihiko Kondo, Shunsaku Koga

  This study tested the hypothesis that the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and breakpoint in deoxygenated [heme] [deoxy[heme]BP, assessed via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)] during ramp incremental exercise would occur at the same metabolic rate in the upright (U) and supine (S) body positions. Eleven healthy men completed ramp incremental exercise tests in U and S. Gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath and time-resolved-NIRS was used to measure deoxy[heme] in the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF). RCP (S: 2.56 ± 0.39, U: 2.86 ± 0.40 L·min-1, P = 0.02) differed from deoxy[heme]BP in the VL in U (3.10 ± 0.44 L·min-1, P = 0.002), but was not different in S in the VL (2.70 ± 0.50 L·min-1, P = 0.15). RCP was not different from the deoxy[heme]BP in the RF for either position (S: 2.34 ± 0.48 L·min-1, U: 2.76 ± 0.53 L·min-1, P > 0.05). However, the deoxy[heme]BP differed between muscles in both positions (P < 0.05), and changes in deoxy[heme]BP did not relate to ΔRCP between positions (VL: r = 0.55, P = 0.080, RF: r = 0.26, P = 0.44). The deoxy[heme]BP was consistently preceded by a breakpoint in total[heme], and was, in turn, itself preceded by a breakpoint in muscle surface electromyography (EMG). RCP and the deoxy[heme]BP can be dissociated across muscles and different body positions and, therefore, do not represent the same underlying physiological phenomenon. The deoxy[heme]BP may, however, be mechanistically related to breakpoints in total[heme] and muscle activity.

  2021年11月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 321(5) (5), R712-R722, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Na+-K+-ATPase plays a major role in mediating cutaneous thermal hyperemia achieved by local skin heating to 39°C.

  Naoto Fujii, Glen P Kenny, Tatsuro Amano, Yasushi Honda, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Na+-K+-ATPase is integrally involved in mediating cutaneous vasodilation during an exercise-heat stress, which includes an interactive role with nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Here, we assessed if Na+-K+-ATPase also contributes to cutaneous thermal hyperemia induced by local skin heating, which is commonly used to assess cutaneous endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Furthermore, we assessed the extent to which NOS contributes to this response. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was measured continuously at four forearm skin sites in 11 young adults (4 women). After baseline measurement, local skin temperature was increased from 33°C to 39°C to induce cutaneous thermal hyperemia. Once a plateau in CVC was achieved, each skin site was continuously perfused via intradermal microdialysis with either: 1) lactated Ringer solution (control), 2) 6 mM ouabain, a Na+-K+-ATPase inhibitor, 3) 20 mM l-NAME, a NOS inhibitor, or 4) a combination of both. Relative to the control site, CVC during the plateau phase of cutaneous thermal hyperemia (∼50% max) was reduced by the lone inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase (-19 ± 8% max, P = 0.038) and NOS (-32 ± 4% max, P < 0.001), as well as the combined inhibition of both (-37 ± 9% max, P < 0.001). The magnitude of reduction was similar between NOS inhibition alone and combined inhibition (P = 1.000). The administration of both Na+-K+-ATPase and NOS inhibitors fully abolished the plateau of CVC with values returning to preheating baseline values (P = 0.439). We show that Na+-K+-ATPase contributes to cutaneous thermal hyperemia during local skin heating to 39°C, and this response is partially mediated by NOS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cutaneous thermal hyperemia during local skin heating to 39°C, which is highly dependent on nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is frequently used to assess endothelium-dependent cutaneous vasodilation. We showed that Na+-K+-ATPase mediates the regulation of cutaneous thermal hyperemia partly via NOS-dependent mechanisms although a component of the Na+-K+-ATPase modulation of cutaneous thermal hyperemia is NOS independent. Thus, as with NOS, Na+-K+-ATPase may be important in the regulation of cutaneous endothelial vascular function.

  2021年11月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 131(5) (5), 1408 - 1416, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Measurement error of self-paced exercise performance in athletic women is not affected by ovulatory status or ambient environment.

  Huixin Zheng, Claire E Badenhorst, Tze-Huan Lei, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed, Yi-Hung Liao, Tatsuro Amano, Naoto Fujii, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Narihiko Kondo, Toby Mündel

  Measurement error(s) of exercise tests for women are severely lacking in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to 1) determine whether ovulatory status or ambient environment were moderating variables when completing a 30-min self-paced work trial and 2) provide test-retest norms specific to athletic women. A retrospective analysis of three heat stress studies was completed using 33 female participants (31 ± 9 yr, 54 ± 10 mL·min-1·kg-1) that yielded 130 separate trials. Participants were classified as ovulatory (n = 19), anovulatory (n = 4), and oral contraceptive pill users (n = 10). Participants completed trials ∼2 wk apart in their (quasi-) early follicular and midluteal phases in two of moderate (1.3 ± 0.1 kPa, 20.5 ± 0.5°C, 18 trials), warm-dry (2.2 ± 0.2 kPa, 34.1 ± 0.2°C, 46 trials), or warm-humid (3.4 ± 0.1 kPa, 30.2 ± 1.1°C, 66 trials) environments. We quantified reliability using limits of agreement, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and coefficient of variation (CV). Test-retest reliability was high, clinically valid (ICC = 0.90, P < 0.01), and acceptable with a mean CV of 4.7%, SEM of 3.8 kJ (2.1 W), and reliable bias of -2.1 kJ (-1.2 W). The various ovulatory status and contrasting ambient conditions had no appreciable effect on reliability. These results indicate that athletic women can perform 30-min self-paced work trials ∼2 wk apart with an acceptable and low variability irrespective of their hormonal status or heat-stressful environments.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study highlights that aerobically trained women perform 30-min self-paced work trials ∼2 wk apart with acceptably low variability and their hormonal/ovulatory status and the introduction of greater ambient heat and humidity do not moderate this measurement error.

  2021年11月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 131(5) (5), 1496 - 1504, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of low-intensity exercise on local skin and whole-body thermal sensation in hypothermic young males.

  Tomomi Fujimoto, Naoto Fujii, Kohei Dobashi, Yinhang Cao, Ryoko Matsutake, Masataka Takayanagi, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Thermal sensation, a key component of behavioral thermoregulation, is modulated by the changes in both skin and core temperatures. Although cutaneous thermal sensation to local cold is blunted during exercise as compared to rest in normothermic humans, it remains to be determined whether this holds true during core cooling. Furthermore, when local skin thermal sensation is diminished during exercise, it remains unclear whether whole-body thermal sensation is also attenuated. We therefore tested whether low-intensity exercise (VO2: ~1300 ml min-1) attenuates local skin and/or whole-body thermal sensation in hypothermic young males. Eleven healthy young males (24 ± 2 years) were cooled through cold water immersion (18 °C) up to their lower abdomen while resting (rest trial) and during low-intensity cycling (30-60 W, 30 rpm) (exercise trial). Body temperature, cardiorespiratory variables, and whole-body (9-point scale: 0, unbearably cold; 4, neutral; 8, unbearably hot) and local skin thermal sensation were measured at baseline on land and before the esophageal temperature (Tes) began to decrease (defined as -0.0 Tes) and after 0.5 and 1.0 °C decrements in Tes from baseline during the immersion period. Local skin thermal sensation was measured using a thermostimulator with Peltier element that was attached to the chest. The temperature of the probe was initially equilibrated to the chest skin temperature, then gradually decreased at a constant rate (0.1 °C s -1) until the participants felt coolness. The difference between the initial skin temperature and the local skin temperature that felt cool was assessed as an index of local skin thermal sensation. Throughout the immersions, esophageal and mean skin temperatures did not differ between the rest and exercise trials. Local skin thermal sensation also did not differ between the two trials or at any core temperature level. By contrast, the whole-body thermal sensation score was higher (participants felt less cold) in the exercise than in the rest trial at esophageal temperature of -1.0 °C (1.25 ± 0.46 vs. 0.63 ± 0.35 units, P = 0.035). These results suggest that local skin thermal sensation during low-intensity exercise is not affected by a decrease in core temperature. However, whole-body thermal sensation mediated by a decrease in core temperature (-1.0 °C) is blunted by low-intensity exercise during cold water immersion.

  2021年10月, Physiology & behavior, 240, 113531 - 113531, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The effect of seasonal acclimatization on whole body heat loss response during exercise in a hot humid environment with different air velocity.

  Tze-Huan Lei, Masashi Fujiwara, Nicola Gerrett, Tatsuro Amano, Toby Mündel, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Dai Okushima, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Narihiko Kondo

  Seasonal acclimatization from winter to summer is known to enhance thermoeffector responses in hot-dry environments during exercise whereas its impact on sweat evaporation and core temperature (Tcore) responses in hot-humid environments remains unknown. We, therefore, sought to determine whether seasonal acclimatization is able to modulate whole body sweat rate (WBSR), evaporated sweat rate, sweating efficiency, and thermoregulatory function during cycling exercise in a hot-humid environment (32°C, 75% RH). We also determined whether the increase in air velocity could enhance evaporated sweat rate and sweating efficiency before and after seasonal acclimatization. Twelve males cycled for 1 h at 40% V̇o2max in winter (preacclimatization) and repeated the trial again in summer (after acclimatization). For the last 20 min of cycling at a steady-state of Tcore, air velocity increased from 0.2 (0.04) m/s to 1.1 (0.02) m/s by using an electric fan located in front of the participant. Seasonal acclimatization enhanced WBSR, unevaporated sweat rate, local sweat rate and mean skin temperature compared with preacclimatization state (all P < 0.05) whereas sweating efficiency was lower (P < 0.01) until 55 min of exercise. Tcore and evaporated sweat rate were unaltered by acclimatization status (all P > 0.70). In conclusion, seasonal acclimatization enhances thermoeffector responses but does not attenuate Tcore during exercise in a hot-humid environment. Furthermore, increasing air velocity enhances evaporated sweat rate and sweating efficiency irrespective of acclimated state. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Seasonal acclimatization to humid heat enhances eccrine sweat gland function and thus results in a higher local and whole body sweat rate but does not attenuate Tcore during exercise in a hot-humid environment. Sweating efficiency is lower after seasonal acclimatization to humid heat compared with preacclimatization with and without the increase of air velocity. However, having a lower sweating efficiency does not mitigate the Tcore response during exercise in a hot-humid environment.

  2021年08月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 131(2) (2), 520 - 531, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 加速度計で調査した地域在住中高齢者の身体活動：中高齢夫婦の日常生活に関する調査

  原田 和弘, 増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦

  2021年07月, 運動疫学研究, 印刷中

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Menstrual phase and ambient temperature do not influence iron regulation in the acute exercise period.

  Huixin Zheng, Claire E Badenhorst, Tze-Huan Lei, Yi-Hung Liao, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Toby Mündel

  The current study investigated whether ambient heat augments the inflammatory and postexercise hepcidin response in women and if menstrual phase and/or self-pacing modulate these physiological effects. Eight trained females (age: 37 ± 7 yr; V̇o2max: 46 ± 7 mL·kg-1·min-1; peak power output: 4.5 ± 0.8 W·kg-1) underwent 20 min of fixed-intensity cycling (100 W and 125 W) followed by a 30-min work trial (∼75% V̇o2max) in a moderate (MOD: 20 ± 1°C, 53 ± 8% relative humidity) and warm-humid (WARM: 32 ± 0°C, 75 ± 3% relative humidity) environment in both their early follicular (days 5 ± 2) and midluteal (days 21 ± 3) phases. Mean power output was 5 ± 4 W higher in MOD than in WARM (P = 0.02) such that the difference in core temperature rise was limited between environments (-0.29 ± 0.18°C in MOD, P < 0.01). IL-6 and hepcidin both increased postexercise (198% and 38%, respectively); however, neither was affected by ambient temperature or menstrual phase (all P > 0.15). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the IL-6 response to exercise was explained by leukocyte and platelet count (r2 = 0.72, P < 0.01), and the hepcidin response to exercise was explained by serum iron and ferritin (r2 = 0.62, P < 0.01). During exercise, participants almost matched their fluid loss (0.48 ± 0.18 kg·h-1) with water intake (0.35 ± 0.15 L·h-1) such that changes in body mass (-0.3 ± 0.3%) and serum osmolality (0.5 ± 2.0 osmol·kgH2O-1) were minimal or negligible, indicating a behavioral fluid-regulatory response. These results indicate that trained, iron-sufficient women suffer no detriment to their iron regulation in response to exercise with acute ambient heat stress or between menstrual phases on account of a performance-physiological trade-off.

  2021年06月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 320(6) (6), R780-R790, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Impact of supine versus upright exercise on muscle deoxygenation heterogeneity during ramp incremental cycling is site specific.

  Richie P Goulding, Dai Okushima, Yoshiyuki Fukuoka, Simon Marwood, Narihiko Kondo, David C Poole, Thomas J Barstow, Shunsaku Koga

  PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that incremental ramp cycling exercise performed in the supine position (S) would be associated with an increased reliance on muscle deoxygenation (deoxy[heme]) in the deep and superficial vastus lateralis (VLd and VLs, respectively) and the superficial rectus femoris (RFs) when compared to the upright position (U). METHODS: 11 healthy men completed ramp incremental exercise tests in S and U. Pulmonary [Formula: see text]O2 was measured breath-by-breath; deoxy[heme] was determined via time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy in the VLd, VLs and RFs. RESULTS: Supine exercise increased the overall change in deoxy[heme] from baseline to maximal exercise in the VLs (S: 38 ± 23 vs. U: 26 ± 15 μM, P < 0.001) and RFs (S: 36 ± 21 vs. U: 25 ± 15 μM, P < 0.001), but not in the VLd (S: 32 ± 23 vs. U: 29 ± 26 μM, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports that the impaired balance between O2 delivery and O2 utilization observed during supine exercise is a regional phenomenon within superficial muscles. Thus, deep muscle defended its O2 delivery/utilization balance against the supine-induced reductions in perfusion pressure. The differential responses of these muscle regions may be explained by a regional heterogeneity of vascular and metabolic control properties, perhaps related to fiber type composition.

  2021年05月, European journal of applied physiology, 121(5) (5), 1283 - 1296, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• TRPV4 channel blockade does not modulate skin vasodilation and sweating during hyperthermia or cutaneous postocclusive reactive and thermal hyperemia.

  Naoto Fujii, Glen P Kenny, Gregory W McGarr, Tatsuro Amano, Yasushi Honda, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels exist on vascular endothelial cells and eccrine sweat gland secretory cells in human skin. Here, we assessed whether TRPV4 channels contribute to cutaneous vasodilation and sweating during whole body passive heat stress (protocol 1) and to cutaneous vasodilation during postocclusive reactive hyperemia and local thermal hyperemia (protocol 2). Intradermal microdialysis was employed to locally deliver pharmacological agents to forearm skin sites, where cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate were assessed. In protocol 1 (12 young adults), CVC and sweat rate were increased by passive whole body heating, resulting in a body core temperature elevation of 1.2 ± 0.1°C. The elevated CVC and sweat rate assessed at sites treated with TRPV4 channel antagonist (either 200 µM HC-067047 or 125 µM GSK2193874) were not different from the vehicle control site (5% dimethyl sulfoxide). After whole body heating, the TRPV4 channel agonist (100 µM GSK1016790A) was administered to each skin site, eliciting elevations in CVC. Relative to control, this response was partly attenuated by both TRPV4 channel antagonists, confirming drug efficacy. In protocol 2 (10 young adults), CVC was increased following a 5-min arterial occlusion and during local heating from 33 to 42°C. These responses did not differ between the control and the TRPV4 channel antagonist sites (200 µM HC-067047). We show that TRPV4 channels are not required for regulating cutaneous vasodilation or sweating during a whole body passive heat stress. Furthermore, they are not required for regulating cutaneous vasodilation during postocclusive reactive hyperemia and local thermal hyperemia.

  2021年04月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 320(4) (4), R563-R573, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The sweat glands' maximum ion reabsorption rates following heat acclimation in healthy older adults.

  Nicola Gerrett, Tatsuro Amano, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question to this study? Do the sweat glands' maximum ion reabsorption rates increase following heat acclimation in healthy older individuals and is this associated with elevated aldosterone concentrations? What is the main finding and its importance? Sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates improved heterogeneously across body sites, which occurred without any changes in aldosterone concentration following a controlled hyperthermic heat acclimation protocol in healthy older individuals. ABSTRACT: We examined whether the eccrine sweat glands' ion reabsorption rates improved following heat acclimation (HA) in older individuals. Ten healthy older adults (>65 years) completed a controlled hyperthermic (+0.9°C rectal temperature, Tre ) HA protocol for nine non-consecutive days. Participants completed a passive heat stress test (lower leg 42°C water submersion) pre-HA and post-HA to assess physiological regulation of sweat gland ion reabsorption at the chest, forearm and thigh. The maximum ion reabsorption rate was defined as the inflection point in the slope of the relation between galvanic skin conductance and sweat rate (SR). We explored the responses again after a 7-day decay. During passive heating, the Tb thresholds for sweat onset on the chest and forearm were lowered after HA (P < 0.05). However, sweat sensitivity (i.e. the slope), the SR at a given Tre and gross sweat loss did not improve after HA (P > 0.05). Any changes observed were lost during the decay. Pilocarpine-induced sudomotor responses to iontophoresis did not change after HA (P ≥ 0.801). Maximum ion reabsorption rate was only enhanced at the chest (P = 0.001) despite unaltered aldosterone concentration after HA. The data suggest that this adaptation is lost after 7 days' decay. The HA protocol employed in the present study induced partial adaptive sudomotor responses. Eccrine sweat gland ion reabsorption rates improved heterogeneously across the skin sites. It is likely that aldosterone secretion did not alter the chest sweat ion reabsorption rates observed in the older adults.

  2021年01月, Experimental physiology, 106(1) (1), 302 - 315, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• The relative contribution of α- and β-adrenergic sweating during heat exposure and the influence of sex and training status.

  Tatsuro Amano, Naoto Fujii, Glen P Kenny, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  While human eccrine sweat glands respond to adrenergic agonists, there remains a paucity of information on the factors modulating this response. Thus, we assessed the relative contribution of α- and β-adrenergic sweating during a heat exposure and as a function of individual factors of sex and training status. α- and β-adrenergic sweating was assessed in forty-eight healthy young men (n = 35) and women (n = 13) including endurance-trained (n = 12) and untrained men (n = 12) under non-heat exposure (temperate, 25°C; n = 17) and heat exposure (hot, 35°C; n = 48) conditions using transdermal iontophoresis of phenylephrine (α-adrenergic agonist) and salbutamol (β-adrenergic agonist) on the ventral forearm, respectively. Adrenergic sweating was also measured after iontophoretic administration of atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist) or saline (control) to evaluate how changes in muscarinic receptor activity modulate the adrenergic response to a heat exposure (n = 12). α- and β-adrenergic sweating was augmented in hot compared with temperate conditions (both P ≤ .014), albeit the relative increase was greater in β (~5.4-fold)- as compared to α (~1.5-fold)-adrenergic-mediated sweating response. However, both α- and β-adrenergic sweating was abolished by atropinization (P = .001). Endurance-trained men showed an augmentation in α- (P = .043) but not β (P = .960)-adrenergic sweating as compared to untrained men. Finally, a greater α- and β-adrenergic sweating response (both P ≤ .001) was measured in habitually active men than in women. We show that heat exposure augments α-and β-adrenergic sweating differently via mechanisms associated with altered muscarinic receptor activity. Sex and training status modulate this response.

  2020年12月, Experimental dermatology, 29(12) (12), 1216 - 1224, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Fluidic Patch Device to Sample Sweat for Accurate Measurement of Sweat Rate and Chemical Composition: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

  Tomoaki Ohashi, Nicola Gerrett, Satoru Shinkawa, Tomomi Sato, Ryo Miyake, Narihiko Kondo, Shigenobu Mitsuzawa

  Sweat sensors that can continuously sample sweat are critical for determining the time-dependent physiological responses occurring in normal daily life. Here, a new device, termed fluidic patch, for collecting human sweat samples at defined time intervals is developed, and the proof-of-concept is demonstrated. The device comprises micropumps and a disposable microfluidic patch attached to the human skin. The fluidic patch continuously collects aliquots of freshly secreted sweat accumulated in the fluidic pathway at accurately defined time windows (typically 5 min). By measuring the weight of the collected samples, the local sweat rate is calculated. The sweat sample collected can be directly subjected to a wide range of chemical analyses. For the proof-of-concept, we compared the sweat rates during passive heating in human trials using the fluidic patch and the conventional ventilated sweat capsule system. Although the sweat rate obtained using the fluidic patch highly correlated with that of the ventilated sweat capsule (R2 = 0.96, y = 1.4x - 0.05), the fluidic patch overestimated the sweat rate compared with the ventilated capsule system when the sweat rate exceeded 0.5 mg/(cm2·min). The sampled sweat was analyzed for sodium, potassium, chloride, lactate, pyruvate, and cortisol. The device could obtain the time courses of the concentrations of the abovementioned three ions; the concentrations of sodium and chloride increased linearly with the sweat rate during passive heating (R2 = 0.76 and 0.66, respectively). The device can reliably measure the sweat rate and collect sweat samples for chemical analysis. It can be utilized for real-time physiological investigations toward wider applications.

  2020年12月, Analytical chemistry, 92(23) (23), 15534 - 15541, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blockade on cholinergic and thermal sweating in habitually trained and untrained men.

  Tatsuro Amano, Naoto Fujii, Glen P Kenny, Yumi Okamoto, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  We evaluated the hypothesis that the activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels contributes to exercise training-induced augmentation in cholinergic sweating. On separate days, 10 habitually trained and 10 untrained men participated in two experimental protocols. Prior to each protocol, we administered 1% verapamil (Verapamil, L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blocker) and saline (Control) at forearm skin sites on both arms via transdermal iontophoresis. In protocol 1, we administered low (0.001%) and high (1%) doses of pilocarpine at both the verapamil-treated and verapamil-untreated forearm sites. In protocol 2, participants were passively heated by immersing their limbs in hot water (43°C) until rectal temperature increased by 1.0°C above baseline resting levels. Sweat rate at all forearm sites was continuously measured throughout both protocols. Pilocarpine-induced sweating in Control was higher in trained than in untrained men for both the concentrations of pilocarpine (both P ≤ 0.001). Pilocarpine-induced sweating at the low-dose site was attenuated at the Verapamil versus the Control site in both the groups (both P ≤ 0.004), albeit the reduction was greater in trained as compared with in untrained men (P = 0.005). The verapamil-mediated reduction in sweating remained intact at the high-dose pilocarpine site in the untrained men (P = 0.004) but not the trained men (P = 0.180). Sweating did not differ between Control and Verapamil sites with increases in rectal temperature in both groups (interaction, P = 0.571). We show that activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels modulates sweat production in habitually trained men induced by a low dose of pilocarpine. However, no effect on sweating was observed during passive heating in either group.

  2020年11月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 319(5) (5), R584-R591, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Three-year effects of neighborhood social network intervention on mental and physical health of older adults.

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Keiko Katagiri, Ai Fukuzawa, Michiko Touyama, Daichi Sonoda, Makoto Chogahara, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  OBJECTIVES: Although neighborhood is considered to be a crucial source of social network to promote health among older adults, current findings are mostly derived from observational study designs. This study examined whether participations in event-based community programs could increase neighborhood social network and whether such increase could lead to desirable changes in mental and physical health among older adults. METHOD: This study employed quasi-experimental design. A baseline questionnaire survey was sent to residents of Tsurukabuto community aged 60 years or more (n = 1769); 1,068 responded. Community events were implemented approximately once a month for three years. Then, a three-year follow-up survey questionnaire was sent to the respondents of the baseline survey. The total number of respondents in the latter survey was 662; of the total, 173 participated in the intervention. Strong and weak ties with neighbors, mental well-being (Ikigai-9), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) were measured in the surveys. RESULTS: The path analysis revealed that intervention participation was significantly associated with changes in strong ties (standardized path coefficient = 0.12) and changes in strong ties were associated with those in Ikigai-9 scores (standardized path coefficient = 0.15). The total and indirect effects of intervention participation on Ikigai-9 scores were significant. Significant intervention effects were not observed for HRQOL and IADL scores. CONCLUSION: This study found that participation in our event-based intervention could indirectly and positively influence older adults' mental well-being through their strong ties with their neighbors.

  2020年10月, Aging & mental health, 25(12) (12), 1 - 11, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Effect of priming exercise and body position on pulmonary oxygen uptake and muscle deoxygenation kinetics during cycle exercise.

  Richie P Goulding, Simon Marwood, Dai Okushima, David C Poole, Thomas J Barstow, Tze-Huan Lei, Narihiko Kondo, Shunsaku Koga

  We hypothesized that the performance of prior heavy exercise would speed pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics (i.e., as described by the time constant, [Formula: see text]) and reduce the amplitude of muscle deoxygenation (deoxy[heme]) kinetics in the supine (S) but not upright (U) body position. Seventeen healthy men completed heavy-intensity constant-work rate exercise tests in S and U consisting of two bouts of 6-min cycling separated by 6-min cycling at 20 W. Pulmonary V̇o2 was measured breath by breath; total and deoxy[heme] were determined via time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) at three muscle sites. Priming exercise reduced [Formula: see text] in S (bout 1: 36 ± 10 vs. bout 2: 28 ± 10 s, P < 0.05) but not U (bout 1: 27 ± 8 s vs. bout 2: 25 ± 7 s, P > 0.05). Deoxy[heme] amplitude was increased after priming in S (bout 1: 25-28 μM vs. bout 2: 30-35 μM, P < 0.05) and U (bout 1: 13-18 μM vs. bout 2: 17-25 μM, P > 0.05), whereas baseline total[heme] was enhanced in S (bout 1: 110-179 μM vs. bout 2: 121-193 μM, P < 0.05) and U (bout 1: 123-186 μM vs. bout 2: 137-197 μM, P < 0.05). Priming exercise increased total[heme] in both S and U, likely indicating enhanced diffusive O2 delivery. However, the observation that after priming the amplitude of the deoxy[heme] response was increased in S suggests that the reduction in [Formula: see text] subsequent to priming was related to a combination of both enhanced intracellular O2 utilization and increased O2 delivery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we show that oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics are slower in the supine compared with upright body position, an effect that is associated with an increased amplitude of skeletal muscle deoxygenation in the supine position. After priming in the supine position, the amplitude of muscle deoxygenation remained markedly elevated above that observed during upright exercise. Hence, the priming effect cannot be solely attributed to enhanced O2 delivery, and enhancements to intracellular O2 utilization must also be contributory.

  2020年10月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 129(4) (4), 810 - 822, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Does the iontophoretic application of bretylium tosylate modulate sweating during exercise in the heat in habitually trained and untrained men?

  Tatsuro Amano, Shin Sekihara, Naoto Fujii, Glen P Kenny, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Does the administration of the adrenergic presynaptic release inhibitor bretylium tosylate modulate sweating during exercise in the heat, and does this response differ between habitually trained and untrained men? What is the main finding and its importance? Iontophoretic administration of bretylium tosylate attenuates sweating during exercise in the heat in habitually trained and untrained men. However, a greater reduction occurred in trained men. The findings demonstrate a role for cutaneous adrenergic nerves in the regulation of eccrine sweating during exercise in the heat and highlight a need to advance our understanding of neural control of human eccrine sweat gland activity. ABSTRACT: We recently reported an influence of cutaneous adrenergic nerves on eccrine sweat production in habitually trained men performing an incremental exercise bout in non-heat stress conditions. Based on an assumption that increasing heat stress induces cholinergic modulation of sweating, we evaluated the hypothesis that the contribution of cutaneous adrenergic nerves on sweating would be attenuated during exercise in the heat. Twenty young habitually trained and untrained men (n = 10/group) underwent three successive bouts of 15 min of light-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity cycling (equivalent to 30, 50, and 70% of peak oxygen uptake ( V ̇ O 2 peak ) respectively), each separated by a 15 min recovery while wearing a perfusion suit perfused with warm water (43°C). Sweat rate (ventilated capsule) was measured continuously at two bilateral forearm skin sites treated with 10 mm bretylium tosylate (an inhibitor of neurotransmitter release from adrenergic nerve terminals) and saline (control) via transdermal iontophoresis. A greater sweat rate was measured during vigorous exercise only in trained as compared to untrained men (P = 0.014). In both groups, sweating was reduced at the bretylium tosylate versus control sites, albeit the magnitude of reduction was greater in the trained men (P ≤ 0.024). These results suggest that cutaneous adrenergic nerves modulate sweating during exercise performed under a whole-body heat stress, albeit a more robust response occurs in trained men. While it is accepted that a cholinergic mechanism plays a primary role in the regulation of sweating during an exercise-heat stress, our findings highlight the need for additional studies aimed at understanding the neural control of human eccrine sweating.

  2020年10月, Experimental physiology, 105(10) (10), 1692 - 1699, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Impact of supine exercise on muscle deoxygenation kinetics heterogeneity: mechanistic insights into slow pulmonary oxygen uptake dynamics.

  Richie P Goulding, Dai Okushima, Simon Marwood, David C Poole, Thomas J Barstow, Tze-Huan Lei, Narihiko Kondo, Shunsaku Koga

  Oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics are slowed in the supine (S) position purportedly due to impaired muscle O2 delivery ([Formula: see text]); however, these conclusions are predicated on single-site measurements in superficial muscle using continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This study aimed to determine the impact of body position [i.e., upright (U) versus S] on deep and superficial muscle deoxygenation (deoxy[heme]) using time-resolved (TR-) NIRS, and how these relate to slowed pulmonary V̇o2 kinetics. Seventeen healthy men completed constant power tests during 1) S heavy-intensity exercise and 2) U exercise at the same absolute work rate, with a subset of 10 completing additional tests at the same relative work rate as S. Pulmonary V̇o2 was measured breath-by-breath and, deoxy- and total[heme] were resolved via TR-NIRS in the superficial and deep vastus lateralis and superficial rectus femoris. The fundamental phase V̇o2 time constant was increased during S compared with U (S: 36 ± 10 vs. U: 27 ± 8 s; P < 0.001). The deoxy[heme] amplitude (S: 25-28 vs. U: 13-18 µM; P < 0.05) and total[heme] amplitude (S: 17-20 vs. U: 9-16 µM; P < 0.05) were greater in S compared with U and were consistent for the same absolute (above data) and relative work rates (n = 10, all P < 0.05). The greater deoxy- and total[heme] amplitudes in S vs. U supports that reduced perfusive [Formula: see text] in S, even within deep muscle, necessitated a greater reliance on fractional O2 extraction and diffusive [Formula: see text]. The slower V̇o2 kinetics in S versus U demonstrates that, ultimately, these adjustments were insufficient to prevent impairments in whole body oxidative metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that supine exercise causes a greater degree of muscle deoxygenation in both deep and superficial muscle and increases the spatial heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation. Therefore, this study suggests that any O2 delivery gradient toward deep versus superficial muscle is insufficient to mitigate impairments in oxidative function in response to reduced whole muscle O2 delivery. More heterogeneous muscle deoxygenation is associated with slower V̇o2 kinetics.

  2020年09月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 129(3) (3), 535 - 546, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Does α1-adrenergic receptor blockade modulate sweating during incremental exercise in young endurance-trained men?

  Tatsuro Amano, Naoto Fujii, Glen P Kenny, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  PURPOSE: Human eccrine sweat glands respond to α1-adrenergic receptor agonists. We recently reported that adrenergic mechanisms contribute to sweating in endurance-trained men during an incremental exercise to volitional fatigue. However, it remains unclear if this response is mediated by α1-adrenergic receptor activation. METHODS: Twelve endurance-trained men performed an incremental cycling bout until exhaustion while wearing a water-perfused suit to clamp skin temperature at ~ 34 °C. Bilateral forearm sweat rates were measured wherein the distal area was treated with either 1% terazosin (α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist) or saline solution on the opposite limb (Control) via transdermal iontophoresis. We also measured proximal bilateral forearm sweat rate in untreated sites to confirm that no between-limb differences in forearm sweat rate occurred. Once sweat rate returned to pre-exercise resting levels at ~ 20 min postexercise, 0.25% phenylephrine (α1-adrenergic receptor agonist) was iontophoretically administered to skin to verify α1-adrenergic receptor blockade. RESULTS: Sweat rates at the proximal untreated right and left forearm sites were similar during exercise (interaction, P = 0.581). Similarly, no effect of terazosin on sweat rate was measured relative to control site (interaction, P = 0.848). Postexercise administration of phenylephrine increased sweat rate at the control site (0.08 ± 0.09 mg cm-2 min-1), which was suppressed by ~ 90% at the terazosin-treated site (0.01 ± 0.02 mg cm-2 min-1) (P = 0.026), confirming that α1-adrenergic receptor blockade was intact. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that α1-adrenergic receptors located at eccrine sweat glands do not contribute to eccrine sweating during incremental exercise in young endurance-trained men.

  2020年05月, European journal of applied physiology, 120(5) (5), 1123 - 1129, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Social Interaction in Walking Groups and Affective Responses Among Japanese Older Adults.

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Ai Fukuzawa, Michiko Touyama, Koji Sato, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  This study examined whether satisfaction with social interactions and the number of people interacted with during walking groups is associated with affective responses among older adults. Twenty-six older adults were asked to participate in five walking group sessions. The participants walked together for 40-50 min. In every session, the participants reported their affective responses to walking (positive engagement, tranquility, and negative affect), their level of satisfaction with the social interactions experienced, and the number of people interacted with during the walk. The available data were from 107 person-sessions. Multilevel models revealed that, although a higher number of people interacted with was not significantly associated with improvements in any affective responses, higher satisfaction with the interactions was significantly associated with improvements in positive engagement at both the within- and between-person levels. This study found that higher satisfaction with the interactions was associated with desirable affective responses among older adults.

  2020年04月, Journal of aging and physical activity, 28(2) (2), 287 - 293, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Differences in dry-bulb temperature do not influence moderate-duration exercise performance in warm environments when vapor pressure is equivalent.

  Tze-Huan Lei, Zachary J Schlader, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed, Huixin Zheng, Stephen R Stannard, Narihiko Kondo, James D Cotter, Toby Mündel

  PURPOSE: Recent studies have determined that ambient humidity plays a more important role in aerobic performance than dry-bulb temperature does in warm environments; however, no studies have kept humidity constant and independently manipulated temperature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of dry-bulb temperature, when vapor pressure was matched, on the thermoregulatory, perceptual and performance responses to a 30-min cycling work trial. METHODS: Fourteen trained male cyclists (age: 32 ± 12 year; height: 178 ± 6 cm; mass: 76 ± 9 kg; [Formula: see text]: 59 ± 9 mL kg-1 min-1; body surface area: 1.93 ± 0.12 m2; peak power output: 393 ± 53 W) volunteered, and underwent 1 exercise bout in moderate heat (MOD: 34.9 ± 0.2 °C, 50.1 ± 1.1% relative humidity) and 1 in mild heat (MILD: 29.2 ± 0.2 °C, 69.4 ± 0.9% relative humidity) matched for vapor pressure (2.8 ± 0.1 kPa), with trials counterbalanced. RESULTS: Despite a higher weighted mean skin temperature during MOD (36.3 ± 0.5 vs. 34.5 ± 0.6 °C, p < 0.01), none of rectal temperature (38.0 ± 0.3 vs. 37.9 ± 0.4 °C, p = 0.30), local sweat rate (1.0 ± 0.3 vs. 0.9 ± 0.4 mg cm-2 min-1, p = 0.28), cutaneous blood flow (283 ± 116 vs. 287 ± 105 PU, p = 0.90), mean power output (206 ± 37 vs. 205 ± 41 W, p = 0.87) or total work completed (371 ± 64 vs. 369 ± 70 kJ, p = 0.77) showed any difference between environments during the work trial. However, all perceptual measures (perceived exertion, thermal discomfort, thermal sensation, skin wettedness, pleasantness, all p < 0.05) were affected detrimentally during MOD compared to MILD. CONCLUSION: In a warm and compensable environment, dry-bulb temperature did not influence high-intensity cycling performance when vapor pressure was maintained, whilst the perceptual responses were affected.

  2020年04月, European journal of applied physiology, 120(4) (4), 841 - 852, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Autonomic and perceptual thermoregulatory responses to voluntarily engaging in a common thermoregulatory behaviour.

  Tze-Huan Lei, Hiroki Matsukawa, Dai Okushima, Nicola Gerrett, Zachary J Schlader, Toby Mündel, Masashi Fujiwara, Narihiko Kondo

  We examined whether partial clothing removal is an effective thermoregulatory behaviour to attenuate both thermoregulatory and perceptual strain in a moderate environment (23 °C, 65% RH) during and after exercise. Ten healthy males (age: 21.9 (0.9) years; height: 173.9 (6.2) cm; mass: 62.3 (8.2) kg; body surface area: 1.8 (0.1) m2; VO2max: 51.8 (13.3) mL.kg-1.min-1) wore a long sleeve polyester shirt and performed two randomized cycling trials for 40 min at 40% VO2max followed by 20 min recovery. In one trial, they were permitted to roll up their sleeves at any time they wanted (Roll) whereas in the other trial, they were instructed to remain with long sleeves (No Roll) until the end of the recovery. Thermoregulatory variables were measured continuously whilst thermal perceptions (forearm wettedness perception (WPForearm), forearm and whole-body thermal discomfort (TDForearm, TDWhole), local and whole-body thermal sensation (TSForearm, TSWhole) and whole-body wettedness perception (WPwhole)) were measured every 10 min. All subjects behaved by rolling up their sleeves at 21.6 (4.7) minutes. Tskin (32.3 (0.2) °C, vs 32.0 (0.1) °C, p = 0.03), local sweat rate on the forearm (0.24 (0.08) mg.cm-2.min-1 vs 0.2 (0.04) mg.cm-2.min-1, p = 0.05), WPForearm, TDForearm, TSForearm and WPWhole were all lower in Roll than No Roll (all p < 0.05) whilst Tcore and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) on the forearm were not different (all p > 0.7) throughout the entire trial. We conclude that this behavioural response is an effective thermoregulatory behaviour to modulate local sudomotor function and thermal perceptions, WPWhole during exercise but only Tsk, TDForearm WPForearm and WPWhole persisted throughout the recovery in a moderate environment.

  2020年03月, Physiology & behavior, 215, 112768 - 112768, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of differential muscle activation patterns on muscle deoxygenation and microvascular haemoglobin regulation.

  Dai Okushima, David C Poole, Thomas J Barstow, Narihiko Kondo, Lisa M K Chin, Shunsaku Koga

  NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Does the presence and extent of heterogeneity in the ratio of O2 delivery to uptake across human muscles relate specifically to different muscle activation patterns? What is the main finding and its importance? During ramp incremental knee-extension and cycling exercise, the profiles of muscle deoxygenation (deoxy[haemoglobin + myoglobin]) and diffusive O2 potential (total[haemoglobin + myoglobin]) in the vastus lateralis corresponded to different muscle activation strategies. However, this was not the case for the rectus femoris, where muscle activation and deoxygenation profiles were dissociated and might therefore be determined by other structural and/or functional attributes (e.g. arteriolar vascular regulation and control of red blood cell flux). ABSTRACT: Near-infrared spectroscopy has revealed considerable heterogeneity in the ratio of O2 delivery to uptake as identified by disparate deoxygenation {deoxy[haemoglobin + myoglobin] (deoxy[Hb + Mb])} values in the exercising quadriceps. However, whether this represents a recruitment phenomenon or contrasting vascular and metabolic control, as seen among fibre types, has not been established. We used knee-extension (KE) and cycling (CE) incremental exercise protocols to examine whether differential muscle activation profiles could account for the heterogeneity of deoxy[Hb + Mb] and microvascular haemoconcentration (i.e. total[Hb + Mb]). Using time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy for the quadriceps femoris (vastus lateralis and rectus femoris) during exhaustive ramp exercise in eight participants, we tested the following hypotheses: (i) the deoxy[Hb + Mb] (i.e. fractional O2 extraction) would relate to muscle activation levels across exercise protocols; and (ii) KE would induce greater total[Hb + Mb] (i.e. diffusive O2 potential) at task failure (i.e. peak O2 uptake) than CE irrespective of muscle site. At a given level of muscle activation, as assessed by the relative integrated EMG normalized to maximal voluntary contraction (%iEMGmax ), the vastus lateralis deoxy[Hb + Mb] profile was not different between exercise protocols. However, at peak O2 uptake and until 20% iEMGmax for CE, rectus femoris exhibited a lower deoxy[Hb + Mb] (83.2 ± 15.5 versus 98.2 ± 19.4 μm) for KE than for CE (P < 0.05). The total[Hb + Mb] at peak O2 uptake was not different between exercise protocols for either muscle site. These data support the hypothesis that the contrasting patterns of convective and diffusive O2 transport correspond to different muscle activation patterns in vastus lateralis but not rectus femoris. Thus, the differential deoxygenation profiles for rectus femoris across exercise protocols might be dependent upon specific facets of muscle architecture and functional haemodynamic events.

  2020年03月, Experimental physiology, 105(3) (3), 531 - 541, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Different associations of routine work time with exercise behavior and objectively measured physical activity among middle-aged and older adults: a daily and longitudinal analysis.

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Narihiko Kondo

  This study examined whether routine work time was associated with exercise time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and step counts (SC) among middle-aged and older adults. A 7-day diary survey was conducted with 158 adults, and 138 participated in the 1-year follow-up survey for measuring routine work time and exercise time. An accelerometer was used to measure MVPA and SC, and a questionnaire assessed perceived barriers and self-efficacy. Daily analyses revealed that while longer routine work time was associated with shorter exercise time after adjusting for perceived exercise barriers and exercise self-efficacy, it was associated with higher amounts of MVPA and SC. Longitudinal analysis showed that increased routine work time was associated with decreased exercise time and increased MVPA and SC. Changes in perceived barriers and self-efficacy did not mediate these associations. Actual lack of time would inhibit exercise behavior independently of perceived barriers and self-efficacy but elevates MVPA and SC.

  2020年02月, Journal of behavioral medicine, 43(1) (1), 44 - 56, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• NO-mediated activation of KATP channels contributes to cutaneous thermal hyperemia in young adults.

  Naoto Fujii, Gregory W McGarr, Glen P Kenny, Tatsuro Amano, Yasushi Honda, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Local skin heating to 42°C causes cutaneous thermal hyperemia largely via nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-related mechanisms. We assessed the hypothesis that ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels interact with NOS to mediate cutaneous thermal hyperemia. In 13 young adults (6 women, 7 men), cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was measured at four intradermal microdialysis sites that were continuously perfused with 1) lactated Ringer solution (control), 2) 5 mM glibenclamide (KATP channel blocker), 3) 20 mM NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (NOS inhibitor), or 4) a combination of KATP channel blocker and NOS inhibitor. Local skin heating to 42°C was administered at all four treatment sites to elicit cutaneous thermal hyperemia. Thirty minutes after the local heating, 1.25 mM pinacidil (KATP channel opener) and subsequently 25 mM sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) were administered to three of the four sites (each 25-30 min). The local heating-induced prolonged elevation in CVC was attenuated by glibenclamide (19%), but the transient initial peak was not. However, glibenclamide had no effect on the prolonged elevation in CVC in the presence of NOS inhibition. Pinacidil caused an elevation in CVC, but this response was abolished at the glibenclamide-treated skin site, demonstrating its effectiveness as a KATP channel blocker. The pinacidil-induced increase in CVC was unaffected by NOS inhibition, whereas the increase in CVC elicited by sodium nitroprusside was partly (15%) inhibited by glibenclamide. In summary, we showed an interactive effect of KATP channels and NOS for the plateau of cutaneous thermal hyperemia. This interplay may reflect a vascular smooth muscle cell KATP channel activation by NO.

  2020年02月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 318(2) (2), R390-R398, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Different associations of routine work time with exercise behavior and objectively measured physical activity among middle-aged and older adults: a daily and longitudinal analysis

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Narihiko Kondo

  This study examined whether routine work time was associated with exercise time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and step counts (SC) among middle-aged and older adults. A 7-day diary survey was conducted with 158 adults, and 138 participated in the 1-year follow-up survey for measuring routine work time and exercise time. An accelerometer was used to measure MVPA and SC, and a questionnaire assessed perceived barriers and self-efficacy. Daily analyses revealed that while longer routine work time was associated with shorter exercise time after adjusting for perceived exercise barriers and exercise self-efficacy, it was associated with higher amounts of MVPA and SC. Longitudinal analysis showed that increased routine work time was associated with decreased exercise time and increased MVPA and SC. Changes in perceived barriers and self-efficacy did not mediate these associations. Actual lack of time would inhibit exercise behavior independently of perceived barriers and self-efficacy but elevates MVPA and SC.

  SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 2020年02月, JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE, 43(1) (1), 44 - 56, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Nicotinic receptors modulate skin perfusion during normothermia, and have a limited role in skin vasodilatation and sweating during hyperthermia.

  Naoto Fujii, Tatsuro Amano, Glen P Kenny, Yasushi Honda, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? What is the role of nicotinic receptors in the regulation of normothermic cutaneous blood flow and cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating during whole-body heating induced following resting in a non-heat-stress condition? What is the main finding and its importance? Nicotinic receptors modulated cutaneous vascular tone during rest in a non-heat-stress condition and in the early stage of heating, but they had a limited role in mediating cutaneous vasodilatation when core temperature increased >0.4°C. Further, the contribution of nicotinic receptors to sweating was negligible during whole-body heating. Our findings provide new insights into the role of nicotinic receptors in end-organ function of skin vasculature and sweat glands in humans. ABSTRACT: Nicotinic receptors are present in human skin including cutaneous vessels and eccrine sweat glands as well as peripheral nerves. We tested the hypothesis that nicotinic receptors do not contribute to the control of cutaneous vascular tone in the normothermic state, but are involved in mediating cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating during a whole-body passive heat stress in humans. We first performed a nicotinic receptor blocker verification protocol in six young adults (one female) wherein increases in cutaneous vascular conductance and sweating elicited by 10 mm nicotine were blocked by administration of 500 µm hexamethonium to confirm effective blockade. Thereafter, 12 young males participated in a passive heating protocol. After an instrumentation period in a non-heat-stress condition, participants rested for a 10 min baseline period. Thereafter, oesophageal temperature was increased by 1.0°C using water-perfusion suits. Cutaneous vascular conductance, sweat rate, active sweat gland density and sweat output per individual gland were assessed with and without 500 µm hexamethonium administered via intradermal microdialysis. Hexamethonium reduced cutaneous vascular conductance by 22-34% during normothermia and the early stage of heating. However, this effect was diminished as oesophageal temperature increased >0.4°C. Active sweat gland density was reduced by hexamethonium when oesophageal temperature was elevated by 0.4-0.6°C above baseline resting. However, this was paralleled by a marginal increase in sweat gland output. Consequently, sweat rate remained unchanged. We showed that nicotinic receptors modulate cutaneous perfusion during normothermia and the early stage of heating, but not when core temperature increases >0.4°C. Additionally, they play a limited role in mediating sweating during heating.

  2019年12月, Experimental physiology, 104(12) (12), 1808 - 1818, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Social Interaction in Walking Groups and Affective Responses Among Japanese Older Adults.

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Ai Fukuzawa, Michiko Touyama, Koji Sato, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  This study examined whether satisfaction with social interactions and the number of people interacted with during walking groups is associated with affective responses among older adults. Twenty-six older adults were asked to participate in five walking group sessions. The participants walked together for 40-50 min. In every session, the participants reported their affective responses to walking (positive engagement, tranquility, and negative affect), their level of satisfaction with the social interactions experienced, and the number of people interacted with during the walk. The available data were from 107 person-sessions. Multilevel models revealed that, although a higher number of people interacted with was not significantly associated with improvements in any affective responses, higher satisfaction with the interactions was significantly associated with improvements in positive engagement at both the within- and between-person levels. This study found that higher satisfaction with the interactions was associated with desirable affective responses among older adults.

  2019年11月, Journal of aging and physical activity, 28(2) (2), 1 - 7, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• 朝食をモデルとした食事摂取が若年女性の体温調節反応に及ぼす影響

  米浪 直子, 池田 麻友美, 一之瀬 智子, 大上 安奈, 天野 達郎, 上田 博之, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  日本生理人類学会, 2019年11月, 日本生理人類学会誌, 24(4) (4), 131 - 138, 日本語

  [査読有り]


• Effects of isomaltulose ingestion on postexercise hydration state and heat loss responses in young men.

  Tatsuro Amano, Yuki Sugiyama, Junya Okumura, Naoto Fujii, Glen P Kenny, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo, Katsumi Sasagawa, Yasuaki Enoki, Daisuke Maejima

  NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of isomaltulose, an ingredient in carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages to maintain glycaemia and attenuate the risk of dehydration during exercise heat stress, on postexercise rehydration and physiological heat loss responses? What is the main finding and its importance? Consumption of a 6.5% isomaltulose-electrolyte beverage following exercise heat stress restored hydration following a 2 h recovery as compared to a 2% solution or water only. While the 6.5% isomaltulose-electrolytes increased plasma volume and plasma osmolality, which are known to modulate postexercise heat loss, sweating and cutaneous vascular responses did not differ between conditions. Consequently, ingestion beverages containing 6.5% isomaltulose-electrolytes enhanced postexercise rehydration without affecting heat loss responses. ABSTRACT: Isomaltulose is a disaccharide carbohydrate widely used during exercise to maintain glycaemia and hydration. We investigated the effects of ingesting a beverage containing isomaltulose and electrolytes on postexercise hydration state and physiological heat loss responses. In a randomized, single-blind cross-over design, 10 young healthy men were hypohydrated by performing up to three 30 min successive moderate-intensity (50% heart rate reserve) bouts of cycling, each separated by 10 min, while wearing a water-perfusion suit heated to 45°C. The protocol continued until a 2% reduction in body mass was achieved. Thereafter, participants performed a final 15 min moderate-intensity exercise bout followed by a 2 h recovery. Following cessation of exercise, participants ingested a beverage consisting of (i) water only (Water), (ii) 2% isomaltulose (CHO-2%), or (iii) 6.5% isomaltulose (CHO-6.5%) equal to the volume of 2% body mass loss within the first 30 min of the recovery. Changes in plasma volume (ΔPV) after fluid ingestion were greater for CHO-6.5% compared with CHO-2% (120 min postexercise) and Water (90 and 120 min) (all P ≤ 0.040). Plasma osmolality remained elevated with CHO-6.5% compared with consumption of the other beverages at 30 and 90 min postexercise (all P ≤ 0.050). Urine output tended to be reduced with CHO-6.5% compared to other fluid conditions (main effect, P = 0.069). Rectal and mean skin temperatures, chest sweat rate and cutaneous perfusion did not differ between conditions (all P > 0.05). In conclusion, compared with CHO-2% and Water, consuming a beverage consisting of CHO-6.5% and electrolytes during recovery under heat stress enhances PV recovery without modulating physiological heat loss responses.

  2019年10月, Experimental physiology, 104(10) (10), 1494 - 1504, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Evidence for TRPV4 channel induced skin vasodilatation through NOS, COX, and KCa channel mechanisms with no effect on sweat rate in humans.

  Naoto Fujii, Glen P Kenny, Tatsuro Amano, Yasushi Honda, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels exist in the endothelial cells of cutaneous blood vessels and the secretory cells of eccrine sweat glands. We assessed if exogenous TRPV4 channel activation elicits cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating in humans in vivo, and if so, whether this response is mediated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS)- cyclooxygenase (COX)- and/or Ca2+-sensitive K+ (KCa) channel-related mechanisms. In ten healthy young adults (24±2 years, 5 women), cutaneous vascular conductance and sweat rate were assessed at four dorsal forearm skin sites continuously treated with either: 1) lactated Ringer's solution (Control), 2) 20 mM L-NAME, a non-selective NOS inhibitor, 3) 10 mM ketorolac, a non-selective COX inhibitor, or 4) 50 mM TEA, a non-selective KCa channel blocker. A potent and selective TRPV4 channel agonist, GSK1016790 A (GSK101), was administered to each skin site in a dose-dependent manner (1, 10, 100, 1000 μM each for ≥30min) via intradermal microdialysis. Administration of 100 and 1000 μM GSK101 increased cutaneous vascular conductance from pre-infusion level at the Control site (48±12 and 57±9%max, respectively, P≤0.004). This response was markedly (53-83%) attenuated by NOS inhibition, COX inhibition, or KCa channel blockade (all P≤0.037), except KCa channel blockade had no effect during 1000 μM GSK101 administration. GSK101 did not influence sweat rate regardless of skin site. We showed that in human skin in vivo, exogenous activation of TRPV4 channels mediates cutaneous vasodilatation, but not sweating through NOS, COX, and KCa channel mechanisms.

  2019年09月, European journal of pharmacology, 858, 172462 - 172462, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Unaltered V̇o2 kinetics despite greater muscle oxygenation during heavy-intensity two-legged knee extension versus cycle exercise in humans.

  Shunsaku Koga, Dai Okushima, David C Poole, Harry B Rossiter, Narihiko Kondo, Thomas J Barstow

  Relative perfusion of active muscles is greater during knee extension ergometry (KE) than cycle ergometry (CE). This provides the opportunity to investigate the effects of increased O2 delivery (Q̇o2) on deoxygenation heterogeneity among quadriceps muscles and pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics. Using time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy, we hypothesized that compared with CE the superficial vastus lateralis (VL), superficial rectus femoris, and deep VL in KE would have 1) a smaller amplitude of the exercise-induced increase in deoxy[Hb + Mb] (related to the balance between V̇o2 and Q̇o2); 2) a greater amplitude of total[Hb + Mb] (related to the diffusive O2 conductance); 3) a greater homogeneity of regional muscle deoxy[Hb + Mb]; and 4) no difference in pulmonary V̇o2 kinetics. Eight participants performed square-wave KE and CE exercise from 20 W to heavy work rates. Deoxy[Hb + Mb] amplitude was less for all muscle regions in KE (P < 0.05: superficial, KE 17-24 vs. CE 19-40; deep, KE 19 vs. CE 26 μM). Furthermore, the amplitude of total[Hb + Mb] was greater for KE than CE at all muscle sites (P < 0.05: superficial, KE, 7-21 vs. CE, 1-16; deep, KE, 11 vs. CE, -3 μM). Although the amplitude and heterogeneity of deoxy[Hb + Mb] were significantly lower in KE than CE during the first minute of exercise, the pulmonary V̇o2 kinetics was not different for KE and CE. These data show that the microvascular Q̇o2 to V̇o2 ratio, and thus tissue oxygenation, was greater in KE than CE. This suggests that pulmonary and muscle V̇o2 kinetics in young healthy humans are not limited by Q̇o2 during heavy-intensity cycling.

  2019年07月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 317(1) (1), R203-R213, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 【筋肉・エクササイズとミネラル代謝】エクササイズ時の発汗と汗電解質の調節

  天野 達郎, 藤井 直人, Gerrett Nicola, 西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦

  ＜文献概要＞運動時における発汗と汗電解質の調節に関して最近の研究をもとに概説した.運動時の発汗は体温などの温熱性要因と温度に依存しないセントラルコマンドや活動筋からの求心性入力などの非温熱性要因により統合的に調節されている.発汗調節の経路は視床下部からの遠心性交感神経信号が主となるが,それ以外にも末梢でさまざまな要因に影響される.汗の前駆物質には血漿と同じレベルの塩分が含まれるが,汗腺の導管部で多くの塩分が再吸収される.皮膚コンダクタンス-発汗量の関係から間接的にこの再吸収能が評価できると考えられ,汗腺での再吸収能が暑熱順化,身体部位差,性差などに修飾されることがこの手法により明らかとなった.このように運動時には発汗量と汗電解質はさまざまな要因により調節されている.

  (株)日本メディカルセンター, 2019年07月, 腎と骨代謝, 32(3) (3), 233 - 239, 日本語


• Exercising alone or exercising with others and mental health among middle-aged and older adults: longitudinal analysis of cross-lagged and simultaneous effects

  Harada Kazuhiro, Masumoto Kouhei, Kondo Narihiko

  2019年07月, Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 16, 556 - 564, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Exercising Alone or Exercising With Others and Mental Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Longitudinal Analysis of Cross-Lagged and Simultaneous Effects.

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Narihiko Kondo

  BACKGROUND: Although the beneficial effects of physical activity and exercise on mental health are well known, the optimal conditions for them for benefitting mental health are still unclear. Engaging in exercise with others might have more desirable effects on mental health than engaging in exercise alone. This study examined the associations between exercising alone, exercising with others, and mental health among middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: Baseline and 1-year follow-up surveys were conducted with 129 individuals. Time spent exercising alone or with others was measured using a 7-day diary survey. Total physical activity was objectively measured using an accelerometer. Mental well-being was assessed using the simplified Japanese version of the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index, and mental distress was assessed using the Japanese version of the Kessler Distress Scale (K6). RESULTS: Cross-lagged and simultaneous effects models revealed that exercising with others positively influenced mental well-being. Exercising alone and total physical activity did not significantly influence mental well-being. Neither total physical activity, exercising alone, nor exercising with others was significantly associated with mental distress. CONCLUSION: Engaging in exercise with others could be effective in improving mental well-being relative to engaging in exercise alone.

  2019年06月, Journal of physical activity & health, 16(7) (7), 556 - 564, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• A longitudinal study of the moderating effects of social capital on the relationships between changes in human capital and ikigai among Japanese older adults

  Ai Fukuzawa, Keiko Katagiri, Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Makoto Chogahara, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  Ikigai, one of the indices of well-being, tends to decline with age because resources relating to ikigai decline. However, there are individual differences in this decline. This study tested for maintenance of ikigai among Japanese elderly, using a longitudinal study investigating the moderating role of social capital on the effects of changes in human capital on ikigai. We conducted a panel survey targeting 1,068 people (M age = 73.01 years) in 2013, and 686 people in 2017. The variables were ikigai, changes in human capital (self-rated financial status, physical health) and social capital (social networks, trust in others), educational level, and control variables. Multiple regression analyses revealed the interaction effects of changes in physical health and changes in social networks (strong ties, weak ties) on follow-up ikigai. Post hoc analyses indicated that declines in physical health predicted declines in ikigai among those whose social networks (strong ties and weak ties) had declined in the 4-year study, but these relationships were not significant among those whose social networks had increased. The results suggest that older adults can weaken the adverse effect of a decline in human capital on ikigai by maintaining or increasing social networks.

  WILEY, 2019年06月, ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 22(2) (2), 172 - 182, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Daily and longitudinal associations of out-of-home time with objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior among middle-aged and older adults.

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Narihiko Kondo

  This study examined the associations of time spent out of home with physical activity and sedentary behavior among middle-aged and older adults. A diary survey was conducted for 7 days with 157 adults to measure out-of-home time and working status. Time spent in sedentary behavior and levels of physical activity were measured using an accelerometer. After a year, 137 individuals from the original sample participated in a follow-up survey. From the daily analyses of 535 non-working days and 347 working days, multilevel models revealed that on non-working days, more out-of-home time was associated with less sedentary time and higher levels of physical activity at both within- and between-person levels. Longitudinal analyses of non-working days supported these results. However, on working days, similar associations were not revealed by daily or longitudinal analyses. These results suggest that increasing out-of-home time could contribute to increased physical activity and reduced sedentary behavior on non-working days.

  2019年04月, Journal of behavioral medicine, 42(2) (2), 315 - 329, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• 運動に関する感情経験、態度、および行動意図尺度の作成と運動行動との関連性の検討

  原田 和弘, 村上 晴香, 宮地 元彦, 近藤 徳彦

  2019年04月, 体力科学, 68, 105 - 116, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Daily and longitudinal associations of out-of-home time with objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior among middle-aged and older adults

  Harada Kazuhiro, Masumoto Kouhei, Kondo Narihiko

  2019年04月, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 42, 315 - 329, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• The influence of local skin temperature on the sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rate.

  N Gerrett, T Amano, G Havenith, Y Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  PURPOSE: Changes in mean skin temperature (Tsk) have been shown to modify the maximum rate of sweat ion reabsorption. This study aims to extend this knowledge by investigating if modifications could also be caused by local Tsk. METHODS: The influence of local Tsk on the sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates was investigated in ten healthy volunteers (three female and seven male; 20.8 ± 1.2 years, 60.4 ± 7.7 kg, 169.4 ± 10.4 cm) during passive heating (water-perfused suit and lower leg water immersion). In two separate trials, in a randomized order, one forearm was always manipulated to 33 °C (Neutral), whilst the other was manipulated to either 30 °C (Cool) or 36 °C (Warm) using water-perfused patches. Oesophageal temperature (Tes), forearm Tsk, sweat rate (SR), galvanic skin conductance (GSC) and salivary aldosterone concentrations were measured. The sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates were identified using the ∆SR threshold for an increasing ∆GSC. RESULTS: Thermal [Tes and body temperature (Tb)] and non-thermal responses (aldosterone) were similar across all conditions (p > 0.05). A temperature-dependent response for the sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates was evident between 30 °C (0.18 ± 0.10 mg/cm2/min) and 36 °C (0.28 ± 0.14 mg/cm2/min, d = 0.88, p < 0.05), but not for 33 °C (0.22 ± 0.12 mg/cm2/min), d = 0.44 and d = 0.36, p > 0.05. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that small variations in local Tsk may not affect the sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates but when the local Tsk increases by > 6 °C, ion reabsorption rates also increase.

  2019年03月, European journal of applied physiology, 119(3) (3), 685 - 695, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The influence of local skin temperature on the sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rate

  Gerrett N, Amano T, Havenith G, Inoue Y, Kondo N

  PurposeChanges in mean skin temperature (T-sk) have been shown to modify the maximum rate of sweat ion reabsorption. This study aims to extend this knowledge by investigating if modifications could also be caused by local T-sk.MethodsThe influence of local T-sk on the sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates was investigated in ten healthy volunteers (three female and seven male; 20.81.2years, 60.47.7kg, 169.4 +/- 10.4cm) during passive heating (water-perfused suit and lower leg water immersion). In two separate trials, in a randomized order, one forearm was always manipulated to 33 degrees C (Neutral), whilst the other was manipulated to either 30 degrees C (Cool) or 36 degrees C (Warm) using water-perfused patches. Oesophageal temperature (T-es), forearm T-sk, sweat rate (SR), galvanic skin conductance (GSC) and salivary aldosterone concentrations were measured. The sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates were identified using the SR threshold for an increasing GSC.ResultsThermal [T-es and body temperature (T-b)] and non-thermal responses (aldosterone) were similar across all conditions (p>0.05). A temperature-dependent response for the sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates was evident between 30 degrees C (0.18 +/- 0.10mg/cm(2)/min) and 36 degrees C (0.28 +/- 0.14mg/cm(2)/min, d=0.88, p<0.05), but not for 33 degrees C (0.22 +/- 0.12mg/cm(2)/min), d=0.44 and d=0.36, p>0.05.Conclusion The data indicate that small variations in local T-sk may not affect the sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates but when the local T-sk increases by >6 degrees C, ion reabsorption rates also increase.

  SPRINGER, 2019年03月, Eur J Appl Physiol, 119(3) (3), 685 - 695, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of ice slushy ingestion and cold water immersion on thermoregulatory behavior

  Choo HC, Peiffer JJ, Lopes-Silva JP, Mesquita RNO, Amano T, Kondo N, Abbiss CR

  Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of ice slushy ingestion (ICE) and cold water immersion (CWI) on thermoregulatory and sweat responses during constant (study 1) and self-paced (study 2) exercise. In study 1, 11 men cycled at 40-50% of peak aerobic power for 60 min (33.2 ± 0.3°C, 45.9 ± 0.5% relative humidity, RH). In study 2, 11 men cycled for 60 min at perceived exertion (RPE) equivalent to 15 (33.9 ± 0.2°C and 42.5 ± 3.9%RH). In both studies, each trial was preceded by 30 min of CWI (~22°C), ICE or no cooling (CON). Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperature (Tsk), thermal sensation, and sweat responses were measured. In study 1, ICE decreased Tre-Tsk gradient versus CON (p = 0.005) during first 5 min of exercise, while CWI increased Tre-Tsk gradient versus CON and ICE for up to 20 min during the exercise (p<0.05). In study 2, thermal sensation was lower in CWI versus CON and ICE for up to 35-40 min during the exercise (p<0.05). ICE reduced thermal sensation versus CON during the first 20 min of exercise (p<0.05). In study 2, CWI improved mean power output (MPO) by ~8 W, compared with CON only (p = 0.024). In both studies, CWI (p<0.001) and ICE (p = 0.019) delayed sweating by 1-5 min but did not change the body temperature sweating threshold, compared with CON (both p>0.05). Increased Tre-Tsk gradient by CWI improved MPO while ICE reduced Tre but did not confer any ergogenic effect. Both precooling treatments attenuated the thermal efferent signals until a specific body temperature threshold was reached.

  2019年02月, PLoS One, 14(2) (2), e0212966, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Respiratory mechanics and cerebral blood flow during heat-induced hyperventilation and its voluntary suppression in passively heated humans.

  Bun Tsuji, Yuta Hoshi, Yasushi Honda, Naoto Fujii, Yosuke Sasaki, Stephen S Cheung, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  We investigated whether heat-induced hyperventilation can be voluntarily prevented, and, if so, how this modulates respiratory mechanics and cerebral blood flow in resting heated humans. In two separate trials, 10 healthy men were passively heated using lower body hot-water immersion and a water-perfused garment covering their upper body (both 41°C) until esophageal temperature (Tes ) reached 39°C or volitional termination. In each trial, participants breathed normally (normal-breathing) or voluntarily controlled minute ventilation (VE ) at a level equivalent to that observed after 5 min of heating (controlled-breathing). Respiratory gases, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAV), work of breathing, and end-expiratory and inspiratory lung volumes were measured. During normal-breathing, VE increased as Tes rose above 38.0 ± 0.3°C, whereas controlled-breathing diminished the increase in VE (VE at Tes  = 38.6°C: 25.6 ± 5.9 and 11.9 ± 1.3 L min-1 during normal- and controlled-breathing, respectively, P < 0.001). During normal-breathing, end-tidal CO2 pressure and MCAV decreased with rising Tes , but controlled-breathing diminished these reductions (at Tes  = 38.6°C, 24.7 ± 5.0 vs. 39.5 ± 2.8 mmHg; 44.9 ± 5.9 vs. 60.2 ± 6.3 cm sec-1 , both P < 0.001). The work of breathing correlated positively with changes in VE (P < 0.001) and was lower during controlled- than normal-breathing (16.1 ± 12.6 and 59.4 ± 49.5 J min-1 , respectively, at heating termination, P = 0.013). End-expiratory and inspiratory lung volumes did not differ between trials (P = 0.25 and 0.71, respectively). These results suggest that during passive heating at rest, heat-induced hyperventilation increases the work of breathing without affecting end-expiratory lung volume, and that voluntary control of breathing can nearly abolish this hyperventilation, thereby diminishing hypocapnia, cerebral hypoperfusion, and increased work of breathing.

  2019年01月, Physiological reports, 7(1) (1), e13967, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Effect of ice slushy ingestion and cold water immersion on thermoregulatory behavior.

  Hui C Choo, Jeremiah J Peiffer, João P Lopes-Silva, Ricardo N O Mesquita, Tatsuro Amano, Narihiko Kondo, Chris R Abbiss

  Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of ice slushy ingestion (ICE) and cold water immersion (CWI) on thermoregulatory and sweat responses during constant (study 1) and self-paced (study 2) exercise. In study 1, 11 men cycled at 40-50% of peak aerobic power for 60 min (33.2 ± 0.3°C, 45.9 ± 0.5% relative humidity, RH). In study 2, 11 men cycled for 60 min at perceived exertion (RPE) equivalent to 15 (33.9 ± 0.2°C and 42.5 ± 3.9%RH). In both studies, each trial was preceded by 30 min of CWI (~22°C), ICE or no cooling (CON). Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperature (Tsk), thermal sensation, and sweat responses were measured. In study 1, ICE decreased Tre-Tsk gradient versus CON (p = 0.005) during first 5 min of exercise, while CWI increased Tre-Tsk gradient versus CON and ICE for up to 20 min during the exercise (p<0.05). In study 2, thermal sensation was lower in CWI versus CON and ICE for up to 35-40 min during the exercise (p<0.05). ICE reduced thermal sensation versus CON during the first 20 min of exercise (p<0.05). In study 2, CWI improved mean power output (MPO) by ~8 W, compared with CON only (p = 0.024). In both studies, CWI (p<0.001) and ICE (p = 0.019) delayed sweating by 1-5 min but did not change the body temperature sweating threshold, compared with CON (both p>0.05). Increased Tre-Tsk gradient by CWI improved MPO while ICE reduced Tre but did not confer any ergogenic effect. Both precooling treatments attenuated the thermal efferent signals until a specific body temperature threshold was reached.

  2019年, PloS one, 14(2) (2), e0212966, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• 高齢者における膝伸展運動時の大腿動脈血流応答

  大上 安奈, 迫田 妙, 一之瀬 智子, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  To clarify whether the increase in the conduit artery blood flow during dynamic exercise with a small skeletalmuscle groups was inhibited by aging, we compared femoral artery blood flow at rest and during the submaximal kneeextension exercise (0 W, 10 W, 20 W and 30 W) between older (O group) and young (Y group) males. Absolute bloodflow of femoral artery at rest and during exercise at low intensity was smaller in O than Y groups. However, femoralartery blood flow corrected by skeletal muscle mass during exercise at 10~30 W was not attenuated by aging. Theseresults suggested that, during the knee extension exercise within the range of the load intensity that we used in thisstudy, even the older males can maintain the femoral artery blood flow that is equal to young males, in other words,the aging does not inhibit increase of the femoral artery blood flow.

  日本生理人類学会, 2019年, 日本生理人類学会誌, 24(1) (1), 19 - 26, 日本語

  [査読有り]


• Respiratory mechanics and cerebral blood flow during heat-induced hyperventilation and its voluntary suppression in passively heated humans

  Tsuji B, Hoshi Y, Honda Y, Fujii N, Sasaki Y, Cheung SS, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T

  2019年01月, Physiol Rep, 7(1) (1), e13967, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Spousal Concordance for Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged and Older Couples.

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Narihiko Kondo

  PURPOSE: Although it has been proposed that 1 spouse's health behaviors might correlate with the other spouse's health behavior among married couples, few studies have focused on sedentary behavior. This study examined whether objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity are correlated with each other and whether attachment to one's spouse moderates such correlations among middle-aged and older married couples. METHODS: Seventy-two couples participated in the survey. This study measured time engaged in sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), step counts by an accelerometer for 7 days, and attachment to one's spouse, age, education, and frailty by questionnaires. RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses showed that the sedentary behaviors of 1 spouse statistically significantly regressed on those of the other spouse (β = .30-.47). The regressions of husbands' MVPA and step counts on those of their wives were statistically marginally significant (β = .22-.25), while the regressions of wives' MVPA and step counts on those of their husbands were not statistically significant (β = .15-.18). The interaction terms of the attachment with one's spousal accelerometer variables on those of the other spouse were not statistically significant (β = -.02 to .16). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that sedentary behaviors were correlated with each other among couples and attachment to one's spouse did not moderate these correlations. Sedentary behaviors of 1 spouse might influence the other, regardless of attachment to one's spouse. The concordance for physical activity was weaker than that for sedentary behavior.

  2018年12月, Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 89(4) (4), 440 - 449, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• β-Adrenergic receptor blockade does not modify non-thermal sweating during static exercise and following muscle ischemia in habitually trained individuals.

  Tatsuro Amano, Anna Igarashi, Naoto Fujii, Daichi Hiramatsu, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  PURPOSE: This study investigated the influence of β-adrenergic receptor blockade on sweating during bilateral static knee extension (KE) and lateral isometric handgrip (IH) exercises followed by post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) in habitually trained individuals. METHOD: Ten habitually trained men (maximum oxygen uptake, 57.1 ± 3.4 ml kg-1 min-1) were mildly heated by increasing their skin temperature, and bilateral KE or lateral IH exercises at an intensity of 60% maximum voluntary contraction were subsequently performed for 1 min, followed by PEMI to stimulate muscle metaboreceptors for 2 min. Sweat rates were measured on the bilateral forearms (KE) or thighs (IH) transdermally administered with 1% propranolol (propranolol, a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor inhibitor) or saline (control) via iontophoresis. RESULTS: Relative to the pre-exercise baseline values, IH exercise (P = 0.038) followed by PEMI (P = 0.041) similarly increased sweat rates on the thighs at both control and propranolol sites (baseline, 0.05 ± 0.04 vs. 0.05 ± 0.04; IH, 0.14 ± 0.12 vs. 0.15 ± 0.14; PEMI, 0.14 ± 0.16 vs. 0.14 ± 0.16 mg cm-2 min-1). KE increased sweat rates on the forearms (P = 0.001) at both control and propranolol sites similarly (baseline, 0.02 ± 0.03 vs. 0.02 ± 0.03; KE, 0.21 ± 0.19 vs. 0.20 ± 0.18), whereas PEMI did not significantly induce sweating at these sites (P = 0.260) (0.09 ± 0.12 and 0.10 ± 0.12 mg cm-2 min-1, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that non-thermal drives induced by static exercise and PEMI do not elicit β-adrenergic sweating in habitually trained individuals even when the non-thermal drives are originated from leg(s) under the conditions in the present study.

  2018年12月, European journal of applied physiology, 118(12) (12), 2669 - 2677, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Spousal concordance for objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity among middle-aged and older couples

  Harada Kazuhiro, Masumoto Kouhei, Kondo Narihiko

  2018年12月, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 89, 440 - 449, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Age-related attenuation of conduit artery blood flow response to passive heating differs between the arm and leg.

  Anna Oue, Chie Asashima, Risa Oizumi, Tomoko Ichinose-Kuwahara, Narihiko Kondo, Yoshimitsu Inoue

  PURPOSE: Little is known about why the attenuation of heat loss responses with aging begins in the lower limbs. This study sought to determine whether passive heating causes the age-related decrease and limb-specific difference of blood flow (BF) responses between conduit brachial and femoral arteries, which are related to differences of cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) between the upper and lower limbs. METHOD: In 15 older and 12 younger males, BF in the brachial and femoral arteries was ultrasonically measured and CVC in the forearm and thigh was assessed during lower leg immersion in hot water at 42 °C (ambient temperature: 30 °C, relative humidity: 45%) for 40 min. RESULTS: The increased BF of brachial artery at the end of passive heating was similar between both age groups (older: 140 ± 4%; younger: 146 ± 11%), while that of femoral artery was smaller in older than younger group (119 ± 4% vs. 166 ± 11%, P < 0.01). Moreover, the increased CVC in the forearm was similar between the age groups (older: 356 ± 50%; younger: 308 ± 46%), although CVC in the thigh was significantly lower in older than younger group (303 ± 33% vs. 427 ± 51%, P < 0.05). These results corresponded to the BF responses of the brachial and femoral arteries, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that age-related decrease and limb-specific difference occur also in conduit arteries of arm and leg, which might be related to the different reduction in CVC between forearm and thigh.

  2018年11月, European journal of applied physiology, 118(11) (11), 2307 - 2318, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• β-Adrenergic receptor blockade does not modify non-thermal sweating during static exercise and following muscle ischemia in habitually trained individuals

  Amano T, Igarashi A, Fujii N, Hiramatsu D, Inoue Y, Kondo N

  2018年11月, Eur J Appl Physiol, 118(12) (12), 2669 - 2677., 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Age-related attenuation of conduit artery blood flow response to passive heating differs between the arm and leg

  Oue A, Asashima C, Oizumi R, Ichinose-Kuwahara T, Kondo N, Inoue Y

  2018年11月, Eur J Appl Physiol, 118(11) (11), 2307 - 2318, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Cutaneous adrenergic nerve blockade attenuates sweating during incremental exercise in habitually trained men.

  Tatsuro Amano, Naoto Fujii, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  It remains unknown whether cutaneous adrenergic nerves functionally contribute to sweat production during exercise. This study examined whether cutaneous adrenergic nerve blockade attenuates sweating during incremental exercise, specifically in habitually trained individuals. Accordingly, 10 habitually trained and 10 untrained males (V̇o2max: 56.7 ± 5.4 and 38.9 ± 6.7 ml·kg-1·min-1, respectively; P < 0.001) performed incremental semirecumbent cycling (20 W/min) until exhaustion. Sweat rates (ventilated capsule) were measured at two bilateral forearm skin sites on which either 10 mM bretylium tosylate (BT) (an inhibitor of neurotransmitter release from sympathetic adrenergic nerve terminals) or saline (Control) was transdermally administered via iontophoresis. BT treatment delayed sweating onset in both groups (∼0.66 min; P = 0.001) and suppressed the sweat rate relative to the Control treatment at ≥70% relative total exercise time in trained individuals (each 10% increment; all P ≤ 0.009) but not in untrained counterparts ( P = 0.122, interaction between relative time × treatment). Changes in total sweat production at the BT site relative to the Control site were greater in trained individuals than in untrained counterparts (area under the curve, -0.86 ± 0.67 and -0.22 ± 0.39 mg/cm2, respectively; P = 0.023). In conclusion, we demonstrated that cutaneous adrenergic nerves do modulate sweating during incremental exercise, which appeared to be more apparent in habitually trained men (e.g., ≥70% maximum workload). Although our results indicated that habitual exercise training may augment neural adrenergic sweat production during incremental exercise, additional studies are required to confirm this possibility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated for the first time that cutaneous adrenergic nerves do modulate sweating during high-intensity exercise in humans (≥70% maximum workload). In addition, neural adrenergic sweating appeared to be greater in habitually trained individuals than in untrained counterparts, although further studies are necessary to confirm such a possibility. Nonetheless, the observations presented herein advance our understanding on human thermoregulation while providing new evidence for the neutral mediation of adrenergic sweating during exercise.

  2018年10月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 125(4) (4), 1041 - 1050, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Cutaneous adrenergic nerve blockade attenuates sweating during incremental exercise in habitually trained men

  Amano T, Fujii N, Inoue Y, Kondo N

  It remains unknown whether cutaneous adrenergic nerves functionally contribute to sweat production during exercise. This study examined whether cutaneous adrenergic nerve blockade attenuates sweating during incremental exercise, specifically in habitually trained individuals. Accordingly, 10 habitually trained and 10 untrained males (V̇o2max: 56.7 ± 5.4 and 38.9 ± 6.7 ml·kg-1·min-1, respectively; P < 0.001) performed incremental semirecumbent cycling (20 W/min) until exhaustion. Sweat rates (ventilated capsule) were measured at two bilateral forearm skin sites on which either 10 mM bretylium tosylate (BT) (an inhibitor of neurotransmitter release from sympathetic adrenergic nerve terminals) or saline (Control) was transdermally administered via iontophoresis. BT treatment delayed sweating onset in both groups (∼0.66 min; P = 0.001) and suppressed the sweat rate relative to the Control treatment at ≥70% relative total exercise time in trained individuals (each 10% increment; all P ≤ 0.009) but not in untrained counterparts ( P = 0.122, interaction between relative time × treatment). Changes in total sweat production at the BT site relative to the Control site were greater in trained individuals than in untrained counterparts (area under the curve, -0.86 ± 0.67 and -0.22 ± 0.39 mg/cm2, respectively; P = 0.023). In conclusion, we demonstrated that cutaneous adrenergic nerves do modulate sweating during incremental exercise, which appeared to be more apparent in habitually trained men (e.g., ≥70% maximum workload). Although our results indicated that habitual exercise training may augment neural adrenergic sweat production during incremental exercise, additional studies are required to confirm this possibility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated for the first time that cutaneous adrenergic nerves do modulate sweating during high-intensity exercise in humans (≥70% maximum workload). In addition, neural adrenergic sweating appeared to be greater in habitually trained individuals than in untrained counterparts, although further studies are necessary to confirm such a possibility. Nonetheless, the observations presented herein advance our understanding on human thermoregulation while providing new evidence for the neutral mediation of adrenergic sweating during exercise.

  2018年10月, J Appl Physiol, 125(4) (4), 1041 - 1050, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Blood flow occlusion-related O2 extraction "reserve" is present in different muscles of the quadriceps but greater in deeper regions after ramp-incremental test.

  Danilo Iannetta, Dai Okushima, Erin Calaine Inglis, Narihiko Kondo, Juan M Murias, Shunsaku Koga

  It was recently demonstrated that an O2 extraction reserve, as assessed by the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived deoxygenation signal ([HHb]), exists in the superficial region of vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during an occlusion performed at the end of a ramp-incremental test. However, it is unknown whether this reserve is present and/or different in magnitude in other portions and depths of the quadriceps muscles. We tested the hypothesis that an O2 extraction reserve would exist in other regions of this muscle but is greater in deep compared with more superficial portions. Superficial (VL-s) and deep VL (VL-d) as well as superficial rectus femoris (RF-s) were monitored by a combination of low- and high-power time-resolved (TRS) NIRS. During the occlusion immediately post-ramp-incremental test there was a significant overshoot in the [HHb] signal ( P < 0.05). However, the magnitude of this increase was greater in VL-d (93.2 ± 42.9%) compared with VL-s (55.0 ± 19.6%) and RF-s (47.8 ± 14.0%) ( P < 0.05). The present study demonstrated that an O2 extraction reserve exists in different pools of active muscle fibers of the quadriceps at the end of a ramp exercise to exhaustion. The greater magnitude in the reserve observed in the deeper portion of VL, however, suggests that this portion of muscle may present a greater surplus of oxygenated blood, which is likely due to a greater population of slow-twitch fibers. These findings add to the notion that the plateau in the [HHb] signal toward the end of a ramp-incremental exercise does not indicate the upper limit of O2 extraction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Different portions of the quadriceps muscles exhibited an untapped O2 extraction reserve during a blood flow occlusion performed at the end of a ramp-incremental exercise. In the deeper portion of the vastus lateralis muscle, this reserve was greater compared with superficial vastus lateralis and rectus femoris. These data suggest that the O2 extraction reserve may be dependent on the vascular and/or oxidative capacities of the muscles.

  2018年08月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 125(2) (2), 313 - 319, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Sweat from gland to skin surface: production, transport, and skin absorption.

  Nicola Gerrett, Katy Griggs, Bernard Redortier, Thomas Voelcker, Narihiko Kondo, George Havenith

  By combining galvanic skin conductance (GSC), stratum corneum hydration (HYD) and regional surface sweat rate (RSR) measurements at the arm, thigh, back and chest, we closely monitored the passage of sweat from gland to skin surface. Through a varied exercise-rest protocol, sweating was increased slowly and decreased in 16 male and female human participants (25.3 ± 4.7 yr, 174.6 ± 10.1 cm, 71.3 ± 12.0 kg, 53.0 ± 6.8 ml·kg-1·min-1). ∆GSC and HYD increased before RSR, indicating pre-secretory sweat gland activity and skin hydration. ∆GSC and HYD typically increased concomitantly during rest in a warm environment (30.1 ± 1.0°C, 30.0 ± 4.7% relative humidity) and only at the arm did ∆GSC increase before an increase in HYD. HYD increased before RSR, before sweat was visible on the skin, but not to full saturation, contradicting earlier hypotheses. Maximal skin hydration did occur, as demonstrated by a plateau in all regions. Post exercise rest resulted in a rapid decrease in HYD and RSR but a delayed decline in ∆GSC. Evidence for reabsorption of surface sweat into the skin following a decline in sweating, as hypothesized in the literature, was not found. This suggests that skin surface sweat, after sweating is decreased, may not diffuse back into the dermis, but is only evaporated. These data, showing distinctly different responses for the three measured variables, provide useful information about the fate of sweat from gland to surface that is relevant across numerous research fields (e.g., thermoregulation, dermatology, ergonomics and material design). NEW & NOTEWORTHY After sweat gland stimulation, sweat travels through the duct, penetrating the epidermis before appearing on the skin surface. We found that only submaximal stratum corneum hydration was required before surface sweating occurred. However, full hydration occurred only once sweat was on the surface. Once sweating reduces, surface sweat evaporation continues, but there is a delayed drying of the skin. This information is relevant across various research fields, including environmental ergonomics, dermatology, thermoregulation, and skin-interface interactions.

  2018年08月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 125(2) (2), 459 - 469, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during exercise in a hot environment.

  Tatsuro Amano, Dai Okushima, Brynmor C Breese, Stephen J Bailey, Shunsaku Koga, Narihiko Kondo

  PURPOSE: We investigated the influence of inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation on local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during exercise in hot conditions. METHOD: Eight healthy, young subjects were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to receive [Formula: see text]-rich beetroot (BR) juice (140 mL/day, containing ~ 8 mmol of [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text]-depleted placebo (PL) juice (140 mL/day, containing ~ 0.003 mmol of [Formula: see text]) for 3 days. On day 3 of supplementation, subjects cycled at an intensity corresponding to 55% of [Formula: see text]O2max for 30 min in hot conditions (30 °C, 50% relative humidity). Chest and forearm sweat rate (SR) and skin blood flow (SkBF), were measured continuously. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated by SkBF/mean arterial pressure (MAP). RESULTS: Prior to exercise, plasma [Formula: see text] (21 ± 6 and 581 ± 161 µM) and nitrite ([Formula: see text], 87 ± 28 and 336 ± 156 nM) concentrations were higher after BR compared to PL supplementation (P ≤ 0.011, n = 6). Oesophageal, mean skin, and mean body temperatures during exercise were not different between conditions. In addition, BR supplementation did not affect SR, SkBF, and CVC during exercise. A lower MAP was found after 30 min of exercise following BR supplementation (112 ± 6 and 103 ± 6 mmHg for PL and BR, respectively, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that inorganic [Formula: see text] supplementation, which increases the potential for O2-independent NO production, does not affect local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses, but attenuates blood pressure in young healthy subjects exercising in a hot environment.

  2018年08月, European journal of applied physiology, 118(8) (8), 1579 - 1588, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 暑熱環境における身体能力のリミットコントロール

  近藤 徳彦, Zachary Schlander, Toby Mundel, Nicola Gerrett

  2018年08月, 体育の科学, 68(8) (8), 561-565, 日本語

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Sweat from gland to skin surface: production, transport, and skin absorption

  Gerrett N, Griggs K, Redortier B, Voelcker T, Kondo N, Havenith G

  2018年08月, J Appl Physiol, 125(2) (2), 459 - 469, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during exercise in a hot environment.

  Amano T, Okushima D, Breese BC, Bailey SJ, Koga S, Kondo N

  PURPOSE: We investigated the influence of inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation on local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during exercise in hot conditions. METHOD: Eight healthy, young subjects were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to receive [Formula: see text]-rich beetroot (BR) juice (140 mL/day, containing ~ 8 mmol of [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text]-depleted placebo (PL) juice (140 mL/day, containing ~ 0.003 mmol of [Formula: see text]) for 3 days. On day 3 of supplementation, subjects cycled at an intensity corresponding to 55% of [Formula: see text]O2max for 30 min in hot conditions (30 °C, 50% relative humidity). Chest and forearm sweat rate (SR) and skin blood flow (SkBF), were measured continuously. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated by SkBF/mean arterial pressure (MAP). RESULTS: Prior to exercise, plasma [Formula: see text] (21 ± 6 and 581 ± 161 µM) and nitrite ([Formula: see text], 87 ± 28 and 336 ± 156 nM) concentrations were higher after BR compared to PL supplementation (P ≤ 0.011, n = 6). Oesophageal, mean skin, and mean body temperatures during exercise were not different between conditions. In addition, BR supplementation did not affect SR, SkBF, and CVC during exercise. A lower MAP was found after 30 min of exercise following BR supplementation (112 ± 6 and 103 ± 6 mmHg for PL and BR, respectively, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that inorganic [Formula: see text] supplementation, which increases the potential for O2-independent NO production, does not affect local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses, but attenuates blood pressure in young healthy subjects exercising in a hot environment.

  2018年08月, Eur J Appl Physiol, 118(8) (8), 1579 - 1588, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Blood flow occlusion-related O2 extraction "reserve" is present in different muscles of the quadriceps but greater in deeper regions after ramp-incremental test

  Iannetta D, Okushima D, Inglis EC, Kondo N, Murias JM, Koga S

  It was recently demonstrated that an O-2 extraction reserve, as assessed by the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived deoxygenation signal ([HHb]), exists in the superficial region of vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during an occlusion performed at the end of a ramp-incremental test. However, it is unknown whether this reserve is present and/or different in magnitude in other portions and depths of the quadriceps muscles. We tested the hypothesis that an O-2 extraction reserve would exist in other regions of this muscle but is greater in deep compared with more superficial portions. Superficial (VL-s) and deep VL (VL-d) as well as superficial rectus femoris (RF-s) were monitored by a combination of low- and high-power time-resolved (TRS) NIRS. During the occlusion immediately post-ramp-incremental test there was a significant overshoot in the [HHb] signal (P < 0.05). However, the magnitude of this increase was greater in VL-d (93.2 +/- 42.9%) compared with VL-s (55.0 +/- 19.6%) and RF-s (47.8 +/- 14.0%) (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrated that an O-2 extraction reserve exists in different pools of active muscle fibers of the quadriceps at the end of a ramp exercise to exhaustion. The greater magnitude in the reserve observed in the deeper portion of VL, however, suggests that this portion of muscle may present a greater surplus of oxygenated blood, which is likely due to a greater population of slow-twitch fibers. These findings add to the notion that the plateau in the [HHb] signal toward the end of a ramp-incremental exercise does not indicate the upper limit of O-2 extraction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Different portions of the quadriceps muscles exhibited an untapped O-2 extraction reserve during a blood flow occlusion performed at the end of a ramp-incremental exercise. In the deeper portion of the vastus lateralis muscle, this reserve was greater compared with superficial vastus lateralis and rectus femoris. These data suggest that the O-2 extraction reserve may be dependent on the vascular and/or oxidative capacities of the muscles.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2018年08月, J Appl Physiol, 125(2) (2), 313 - 319, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 【暑さと熱中症対策-スポーツの安全とパフォーマンスのために-】対策に必要な基礎知識 運動時の体温調節

  天野 達郎, Gerrett Nicola, 近藤 徳彦

  (株)文光堂, 2018年07月, 臨床スポーツ医学, 35(7) (7), 660 - 663, 日本語


• 運動時の体温調節

  天野達郎, Nicola Gerrett, 近藤 徳彦

  2018年07月, 臨床スポーツ医学, 35(7) (7), 660-663, 日本語

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Reply to Parkes: Effect of hypocapnia on the sensitivity of hyperthermic hyperventilation and the cerebrovascular response in resting heated humans.

  Bun Tsuji, Davide Filingeri, Yasushi Honda, Tsubasa Eguchi, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  2018年05月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 124(5) (5), 1213 - 1213, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]


• 高齢者における近隣の坂道に対する認識と活動的な移動習慣との関連－斜面市街地を対象とした検討

  原田和弘, 増本康平, 片桐 恵子, 福沢愛, 長ヶ原誠, 近藤徳彦, 岡田修一

  日本運動疫学会, 2018年05月, 運動疫学研究, 20(1) (1), 16 - 25, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Frequency of going outdoors and health-related quality of life among older adults: Examining the moderating role of living alone and employment status.

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Keiko Katagiri, Ai Fukuzawa, Makoto Chogahara, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  AIM: Going outdoors more frequently is beneficial for maintaining and improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among older adults. However, individual differences can alter the effects of going outdoors. The present study aimed to examine whether relationships between going outdoors and HRQOL were moderated by living alone and employment status. METHODS: The present study was a secondary analysis of 14-month prospective data (n = 613). Variables used in this study were baseline data on the frequency of going outdoors, HRQOL (physical and mental component summary scores assessed using the Japanese version of the Medical Outcomes study Short Form 8-Item Health Survey), living alone, employment status, potential confounders (sex, age, educational level and instrumental activities of daily living) and follow-up data on HRQOL. RESULTS: Mixed models showed that the interaction term of going outdoors and currently living alone on both the physical and mental component summary and that of going outdoors and current employment status on the mental component were significant. Stratified analyses showed that going outdoors more frequently predicted the physical and mental component summary among those who lived with others, and the mental component summary among those who were unemployed. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the influence of going outdoors on HRQOL was moderated by living alone and employment status. Going outdoors more frequently might be important for the maintenance of HRQOL, especially among unemployed older adults living with others. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 640-647.

  2018年04月, Geriatrics & gerontology international, 18(4) (4), 640 - 647, 英語, 国内誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Frequency of going outdoors and health-related quality of life among older adults: Examining the moderating role of living alone and employment status

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Keiko Katagiri, Ai Fukuzawa, Makoto Chogahara, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  AimGoing outdoors more frequently is beneficial for maintaining and improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among older adults. However, individual differences can alter the effects of going outdoors. The present study aimed to examine whether relationships between going outdoors and HRQOL were moderated by living alone and employment status.MethodsThe present study was a secondary analysis of 14-month prospective data (n = 613). Variables used in this study were baseline data on the frequency of going outdoors, HRQOL (physical and mental component summary scores assessed using the Japanese version of the Medical Outcomes study Short Form 8-Item Health Survey), living alone, employment status, potential confounders (sex, age, educational level and instrumental activities of daily living) and follow-up data on HRQOL.ResultsMixed models showed that the interaction term of going outdoors and currently living alone on both the physical and mental component summary and that of going outdoors and current employment status on the mental component were significant. Stratified analyses showed that going outdoors more frequently predicted the physical and mental component summary among those who lived with others, and the mental component summary among those who were unemployed.ConclusionsThese results show that the influence of going outdoors on HRQOL was moderated by living alone and employment status. Going outdoors more frequently might be important for the maintenance of HRQOL, especially among unemployed older adults living with others. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 640-647.

  WILEY, 2018年04月, GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, 18(4) (4), 640 - 647, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Community intervention to increase neighborhood social network among Japanese older adults.

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Keiko Katagiri, Ai Fukuzawa, Makoto Chogahara, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  AIM: Strengthening neighborhood social networks is important for promoting health among older adults. However, effective intervention strategies aimed at increasing older adults' social networks have not yet been established. The present study examined whether a university-led community intervention that provided communication opportunities could increase older Japanese adults' neighborhood social networks. METHODS: The present study used a quasi-experimental design. Before the intervention, using postal mail, we carried out a baseline questionnaire survey that was sent to all people living in the Tsurukabuto community aged ≥60 years (n = 1769), of whom 1068 responded. For the community intervention, 18 event-based programs were provided over the course of 1 year at Kobe University. Academic staff at Kobe University organized all the programs. During the program, social interactions among participants were promoted. A follow-up survey was distributed to those who responded to the baseline survey, and 710 individuals answered the question about their participation in the intervention programs (138 respondents were participants, 572 were non-participants). The neighborhood social network was measured in both the baseline and follow-up surveys. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance showed that the changes in neighborhood social network among participants in the program was significantly higher than the changes among non-participants (P = 0.046) after adjusting for the baseline score of social network. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found that participants of the intervention expanded their neighborhood social network, but non-participants did not. This finding shows that community interventions using university resources could increase older adults' neighborhood social networks. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 462-469.

  2018年03月, Geriatrics & gerontology international, 18(3) (3), 462 - 469, 英語, 国内誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• The effects of exercise and passive heating on the sweat glands ion reabsorption rates.

  Nicola Gerrett, Tatsuro Amano, Yoshimitsu Inoue, George Havenith, Narihiko Kondo

  The sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rates were investigated (n = 12, 21.7 ± 3.0 years, 59.4 ± 9.8 kg, 166.9 ± 10.4 cm and 47.1 ± 7.5 mL/kg/min) during two separate endogenous protocols; cycling at 30% (LEX) and 60% VO2max (MEX) and one exogenous trial; passive heating (PH) (43°C water lower leg immersion) in 27°C, 50%RH. Oesophageal temperature (Tes ), skin temperature (Tsk ), and forearm, chest and lower back sweat rate (SR) and galvanic skin conductance (GSC) were measured. Salivary aldosterone was measured pre-and postheating (n = 3). Using the ∆SR threshold for an increasing ∆GSC to identify maximum sweat ion reabsorption rate revealed higher reabsorption rates during MEX compared to PH (mean of all regions: 0.63 ± 0.28 vs. 0.44 ± 0.3 mg/cm2 /min, P < 0.05). It was not possible to identify the ion reabsorption rate during LEX for some participants. Tes and mean Tsk were different between conditions but mean body temperature (Tb ) and local Tsk (forearm, chest and back) were similar (P > 0.05). Aldosterone increased more during MEX (72.8 ± 36.6 pg/mL) compared to PH (39.2 ± 17.5 pg/mL) and LEX (1.8 ± 9.7 pg/mL). The back had a higher threshold than the forearm (P < 0.05) but it was similar to the chest (P > 0.05) (mean of all conditions; 0.64 ± 0.33, 0.42 ± 0.25, 0.54 ± 0.3 mg/cm2 /min, respectively). Although the differences between conditions may be influenced by thermal or nonthermal mechanism, our results indicate a possibility that the sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rates may be different between exercise and passive heating without mediating skin regional differences.

  2018年03月, Physiological reports, 6(5) (5), 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Community intervention to increase neighborhood social network among Japanese older adults

  Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Keiko Katagiri, Ai Fukuzawa, Makoto Chogahara, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  AimStrengthening neighborhood social networks is important for promoting health among older adults. However, effective intervention strategies aimed at increasing older adults' social networks have not yet been established. The present study examined whether a university-led community intervention that provided communication opportunities could increase older Japanese adults' neighborhood social networks.MethodsThe present study used a quasi-experimental design. Before the intervention, using postal mail, we carried out a baseline questionnaire survey that was sent to all people living in the Tsurukabuto community aged 60 years (n = 1769), of whom 1068 responded. For the community intervention, 18 event-based programs were provided over the course of 1 year at Kobe University. Academic staff at Kobe University organized all the programs. During the program, social interactions among participants were promoted. A follow-up survey was distributed to those who responded to the baseline survey, and 710 individuals answered the question about their participation in the intervention programs (138 respondents were participants, 572 were non-participants). The neighborhood social network was measured in both the baseline and follow-up surveys.ResultsAnalysis of covariance showed that the changes in neighborhood social network among participants in the program was significantly higher than the changes among non-participants (P = 0.046) after adjusting for the baseline score of social network.ConclusionsThe present study found that participants of the intervention expanded their neighborhood social network, but non-participants did not. This finding shows that community interventions using university resources could increase older adults' neighborhood social networks. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 462-469.

  WILEY, 2018年03月, GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, 18(3) (3), 462 - 469, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Effect of hypocapnia on the sensitivity of hyperthermic hyperventilation and the cerebrovascular response in resting heated humans.

  Bun Tsuji, Davide Filingeri, Yasushi Honda, Tsubasa Eguchi, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Elevating core temperature at rest causes increases in minute ventilation (V̇e), which lead to reductions in both arterial CO2 partial pressure (hypocapnia) and cerebral blood flow. We tested the hypothesis that in resting heated humans this hypocapnia diminishes the ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature but does not explain a large portion of the decrease in cerebral blood flow. Fourteen healthy men were passively heated using hot-water immersion (41°C) combined with a water-perfused suit, which caused esophageal temperature (Tes) to reach 39°C. During heating in two separate trials, end-tidal CO2 partial pressure decreased from the level before heating (39.4 ± 2.0 mmHg) to the end of heating (30.5 ± 6.3 mmHg) ( P = 0.005) in the Control trial. This decrease was prevented by breathing CO2-enriched air throughout the heating such that end-tidal CO2 partial pressure did not differ between the beginning (39.8 ± 1.5 mmHg) and end (40.9 ± 2.7 mmHg) of heating ( P = 1.00). The sensitivity to rising Tes (i.e., slope of the Tes - V̇E relation) did not differ between the Control and CO2-breathing trials (37.1 ± 43.1 vs. 16.5 ± 11.1 l·min-1·°C-1, P = 0.31). In both trials, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAV) decreased early during heating (all P < 0.01), despite the absence of hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia. CO2 breathing increased MCAV relative to Control at the end of heating ( P = 0.005) and explained 36.6% of the heat-induced reduction in MCAV. These results indicate that during passive heating at rest ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature is not suppressed by hypocapnia and that most of the decrease in cerebral blood flow occurs independently of hypocapnia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hyperthermia causes hyperventilation and concomitant hypocapnia and cerebral hypoperfusion. The last may underlie central fatigue. We are the first to demonstrate that hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation is not suppressed by the resultant hypocapnia and that hypocapnia explains only 36% of cerebral hypoperfusion elicited by hyperthermia. These new findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms controlling ventilation and cerebral blood flow during heat stress, which may be useful for developing interventions aimed at preventing central fatigue during hyperthermia.

  2018年01月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 124(1) (1), 225 - 233, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Social Networks as a Factor in Volunteering among Elderly Japanese with Lower Socioeconomic Status

  Fukuzawa Ai, Keiko Katagiri, Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Makoto Chogahara, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  2018年, Japanese Psychological Research, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 高齢者における近隣の坂道に対する認識と活動的な移動習慣との関連：斜面市街地を対象とした検討

  原田 和弘, 増本 康平, 片桐 恵子, 福沢 愛, 長ヶ原 誠, 近藤 徳彦, 岡田 修一

  目的：斜面市街地に住む高齢者を対象に，近隣の坂道への認識が，活動的な移動習慣と関連しているかどうかを検討した。

  方法：本研究は横断研究であった。神戸市灘区鶴甲地区の1,021名へ2017年に質問紙調査を行い，693名（67.9％）が回答した。回答者のうち，65歳以上であり，移動能力に大きな制限がなく，かつ，分析項目に欠損のない，337名（男性155名，女性182名）を解析対象とした。活動的な移動習慣は，徒歩または自転車による地区外への週1日以上の外出として評価した。坂道に対する認識として，近所には坂が多く移動が大変と認識しているかどうかを質問した。基本属性等として，性別，年代，居住形態，経済的ゆとり，自動車・バイクの運転，運動実施，過体重，膝痛，心理的苦痛を取り上げた。活動的な移動習慣を従属変数，坂道に対する認識と基本属性等を独立変数としたポアソン回帰分析を行った。

  結果：解析対象の21.2％が活動的な移動習慣を有していた。ポアソン回帰分析の結果，坂道を否定的に認識している者（調整有病割合比=0.64，95％信頼区間=0.42-0.96）は，否定的に認識していない者よりも，活動的な移動習慣を有していない傾向にあった。

  結論：坂道に対する認識が否定的ではない高齢者のほうが，活動的な移動習慣を有していた。このことは，斜面市街地に住む高齢者において，近隣の坂道に対する否定的な認識を取り除くことが活動的な移動習慣の形成に影響する可能性があることを示している。

  日本運動疫学会, 2018年, 運動疫学研究, 20(1) (1), 16 - 25, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Body temperature and cold sensation during and following exercise under temperate room conditions in cold-sensitive young trained females.

  Naoto Fujii, Erii Aoki-Murakami, Bun Tsuji, Glen P Kenny, Kei Nagashima, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  We evaluated cold sensation at rest and in response to exercise-induced changes in core and skin temperatures in cold-sensitive exercise trained females. Fifty-eight trained young females were screened by a questionnaire, selecting cold-sensitive (Cold-sensitive, n = 7) and non-cold-sensitive (Control, n = 7) individuals. Participants rested in a room at 29.5°C for ~100 min after which ambient temperature was reduced to 23.5°C where they remained resting for 60 min. Participants then performed 30-min of moderate intensity cycling (50% peak oxygen uptake) followed by a 60-min recovery. Core and mean skin temperatures and cold sensation over the whole-body and extremities (fingers and toes) were assessed throughout. Resting core temperature was lower in the Cold-sensitive relative to Control group (36.4 ± 0.3 vs. 36.7 ± 0.2°C). Core temperature increased to similar levels at end-exercise (~37.2°C) and gradually returned to near preexercise rest levels at the end of recovery (>36.6°C). Whole-body cold sensation was greater in the Cold-sensitive relative to Control group during resting at a room temperature of 23.5°C only without a difference in mean skin temperature between groups. In contrast, cold sensation of the extremities was greater in the Cold-sensitive group prior to, during and following exercise albeit this was not paralleled by differences in mean extremity skin temperature. We show that young trained females who are sensitive to cold exhibit augmented whole-body cold sensation during rest under temperate ambient conditions. However, this response is diminished during and following exercise. In contrast, cold sensation of extremities is augmented during resting that persists during and following exercise.

  2017年11月, Physiological reports, 5(20) (20), 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Body temperature and cold sensation during and following exercise under temperate room conditions in cold-sensitive young trained females.

  Fujii N, Aoki-Murakami E, Tsuji B, Kenny GP, Nagashima K, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T

  2017年11月, Physiological reports, 5(20) (20)

  [査読有り]

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• 外向性が運動ソーシャルサポートと運動行動との関連に及ぼす影響

  原田 和弘, 増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦

  目的：運動ソーシャルサポートと運動行動との関連性が，外向性の高低によって異なるかどうかを検証した．

  方法：この横断研究は，兵庫県神戸市中央区，高砂市，三木市，宍粟市の住民基本台帳から無作為抽出された79組（158名）の中高齢夫婦に郵送調査を行った．運動行動の指標として，日誌調査で運動時間を，活動量計調査で中強度以上の歩行時間と歩数をそれぞれ7日間測定した．運動ソーシャルサポート，外向性，基本属性（性別，年齢，教育歴，フレイル，就業）は質問紙調査で評価した．運動行動を従属変数とした重回帰分析を行った．

  結果：対象者全体の分析の結果，運動ソーシャルサポートと外向性の交互作用項が，運動時間（β＝0.16，p＝0.04），中強度以上の歩行時間（β＝0.16，p＝0.04），歩数（β＝0.16，p＝0.03）へ有意に回帰していた．外向性の高さで層化した分析の結果，外向性が高い群では，運動ソーシャルサポートは運動時間（β＝0.32，p＝0.02），中強度以上の歩行時間（β＝0.28，p＝0.03），歩数（β＝0.27，p＝0.04）へ有意に回帰していた．一方，外向性が低い群や中程度の群では，運動ソーシャルサポートはいずれの運動行動の指標にも有意に回帰していなかった．

  結論：運動ソーシャルサポートと運動行動との正の関連性は，外向性の高い人でのみ示された．運動ソーシャルサポートは，外向的な人の運動行動へは肯定的な影響を与えている可能性がある一方で，そうでない人の運動行動へ与える影響は限定的である可能性がある．

  日本健康教育学会, 2017年11月, 日本健康教育学会誌, 25(4) (4), 258 - 268, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Measurement and visualization of face-to-face interaction among community-dwelling older adults using wearable sensors.

  Kouhei Masumoto, Takaharu Yaguchi, Hiroshi Matsuda, Hideaki Tani, Keisuke Tozuka, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  AIM: A number of interventions have been undertaken to develop and promote social networks among community-dwelling older adults. However, it has been difficult to examine the effects of these interventions, because of problems in assessing interactions. The present study was designed to quantitatively measure and visualize face-to-face interactions among elderly participants in an exercise program. We also examined relationships among interactional variables, personality and interest in community involvement, including interactions with the local community. METHODS: Older adults living in the same community were recruited to participate in an exercise program that consisted of four sessions. We collected data on face-to-face interactions of the participants by using a wearable sensor technology device. RESULTS: Network analysis identified the communication networks of participants in the exercise program, as well as changes in these networks. Additionally, there were significant correlations between the number of people involved in face-to-face interactions and changes in both interest in community involvement and interactions with local community residents, as well as personality traits, including agreeableness. CONCLUSIONS: Social networks in the community are essential for solving problems caused by the aging society. We showed the possible applications of face-to-face interactional data for identifying core participants having many interactions, and isolated participants having only a few interactions within the community. Such data would be useful for carrying out efficient interventions for increasing participants' involvement with their community. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1752-1758.

  2017年10月, Geriatrics & gerontology international, 17(10) (10), 1752 - 1758, 英語, 国内誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Measurement and visualization of face-to-face interaction among community-dwelling older adults using wearable sensors

  Kouhei Masumoto, Takaharu Yaguchi, Hiroshi Matsuda, Hideaki Tani, Keisuke Tozuka, Narihiko Kondo, Shuichi Okada

  Aim: A number of interventions have been undertaken to develop and promote social networks among community dwelling older adults. However it has been difficult to examine the effects of these interventions, because of problems in assessing interactions. The present study was designed to quantitatively measure and visualize face-to-face interactions among elderly participants in an exercise program. We also examined relationships among interactional variables, personality and interest in community involvement, including interactions with the local community. Methods: Older adults living in the same community were recruited to participate in an exercise program that consisted of tour sessions. We collected data on face-to-face interactions of the participants by using a wearable sensor technology device. Results: Network analysis identified the communication networks of participants in the exercise program, as well as changes in these networks. Additionally, there were significant correlations between the number of people involved in face-to-face interactions and changes in both interest in community involvement and interactions with local community residents, as well as personality traits, including agreeableness. Conclusions: Social networks in the community are essential for solving problems caused by the aging society. We showed the possible applications of face-to-face interactional data for identifying core participants having many interactions, and isolated participants having only a few interactions within the community. Such data would be useful for carrying out efficient interventions for increasing participants' involvement with their community.

  WILEY, 2017年10月, GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, 17(10) (10), 1752 - 1758, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The carotid baroreflex modifies the pressor threshold of the muscle metaboreflex in humans.

  Masashi Ichinose, Tomoko Ichinose-Kuwahara, Kazuhito Watanabe, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  The purpose of the present study was to test our hypothesis that unloading the carotid baroreceptors alters the threshold and gain of the muscle metaboreflex in humans. Ten healthy subjects performed a static handgrip exercise at 50% of maximum voluntary contraction. Contraction was sustained for 15, 30, 45, and 60 s and was followed by 3 min of forearm circulatory arrest, during which forearm muscular pH is known to decrease linearly with increasing contraction time. The carotid baroreceptors were unloaded by applying 0.1-Hz sinusoidal neck pressure (oscillating from +15 to +50 mmHg) during ischemia. We estimated the threshold and gain of the muscle metaboreflex by analyzing the relationship between the cardiovascular responses during ischemia and the amount of work done during the exercise. In the condition with unloading of the carotid baroreceptors, the muscle metaboreflex thresholds for mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and total vascular resistance (TVR) corresponded to significantly lower work levels than the control condition (threshold for MAP: 795 ± 102 vs. 662 ± 208 mmHg and threshold for TVR: 818 ± 213 vs. 572 ± 292 kg·s, P < 0.05), but the gains did not differ between the two conditions (gain for MAP: 4.9 ± 1.7 vs. 4.4 ± 1.6 mmHg·kg·s-1·100 and gain for TVR: 1.3 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.7 mmHg·l-1·min-1·kg·s-1·100). We conclude that the carotid baroreflex modifies the muscle metaboreflex threshold in humans. Our results suggest the carotid baroreflex brakes the muscle metaboreflex, thereby inhibiting muscle metaboreflex-mediated pressor and vasoconstriction responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that unloading the carotid baroreceptors shifts the pressor threshold of the muscle metaboreflex toward lower metabolic stimulation levels in humans. This finding indicates that, in the normal loading state, the carotid baroreflex inhibits the muscle metaboreflex pressor response by shifting the reflex threshold to higher metabolic stimulation levels.

  2017年09月, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 313(3) (3), H650-H657, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Do nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase contribute to sweating response during passive heating in endurance-trained athletes?

  Tatsuro Amano, Naoto Fujii, Glen P Kenny, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  The aim of our study was to determine if habitual endurance training can influence the relative contribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) in the regulation of sweating during a passive heat stress in young adults. Ten trained athletes and nine untrained counterparts were passively heated until oral temperature (as estimated by sublingual temperature, Tor) increased by 1.5°C above baseline resting. Forearm sweat rate (ventilated capsule) was measured at three skin sites continuously perfused with either lactated Ringer's solution (Control), 10 mmol/L NG -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, non-selective NOS inhibitor), or 10 mmol/L ketorolac (Ketorolac, non-selective COX inhibitor) via intradermal microdialysis. Sweat rate was averaged for each 0.3°C increase in Tor Sweat rate at the L-NAME site was lower than Control following a 0.9 and 1.2°C increase in Tor in both groups (all P ≤ 0.05). Relative to the Control site, NOS-inhibition reduced sweating similarly between the groups (P = 0.51). Sweat rate at the Ketorolac site was not different from the Control at any levels of Tor in both groups (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, a greater sweat rate was measured at the end of heating in the trained as compared to the untrained individuals (P ≤ 0.05). We show that NOS contributes similarly to sweating in both trained and untrained individuals during a passive heat stress. Further, no effect of COX on sweating was measured for either group. The greater sweat production observed in endurance-trained athletes is likely mediated by factors other than NOS- and COX-dependent mechanisms.

  2017年09月, Physiological reports, 5(17) (17), 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Near-infrared spectroscopy of superficial and deep rectus femoris reveals markedly different exercise response to superficial vastus lateralis.

  Shunsaku Koga, Dai Okushima, Thomas J Barstow, Harry B Rossiter, Narihiko Kondo, David C Poole

  To date our knowledge of skeletal muscle deoxygenation as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is predicated almost exclusively on sampling of superficial muscle(s), most commonly the vastus lateralis (VL-s). Recently developed high power NIRS facilitates simultaneous sampling of deep (i.e., rectus femoris, RF-d) and superficial muscles of RF (RF-s) and VL-s. Because deeper muscle is more oxidative with greater capillarity and sustains higher blood flows than superficial muscle, we used time-resolved NIRS to test the hypotheses that, following exercise onset, the RF-d has slower deoxy[Hb+Mb] kinetics with reduced amplitude than superficial muscles. Thirteen participants performed cycle exercise transitions from unloaded to heavy work rates. Within the same muscle (RF-s vs. RF-d) deoxy[Hb+Mb] kinetics (mean response time, MRT) and amplitudes were not different. However, compared with the kinetics of VL-s, deoxy[Hb+Mb] of RF-s and RF-d were slower (MRT: RF-s, 51 ± 23; RF-d, 55 ± 29; VL-s, 18 ± 6 s; P < 0.05). Moreover, the amplitude of total[Hb+Mb] was greater for VL-s than both RF-s and RF-d (P < 0.05). Whereas pulmonary V˙O2 kinetics (i.e., on vs. off) were symmetrical in heavy exercise, there was a marked on-off asymmetry of deoxy[Hb+Mb] for all three sites i.e., MRT-off > MRT-on (P < 0.05). Collectively these data reveal profoundly different O2 transport strategies, with the RF-s and RF-d relying proportionately more on elevated perfusive and the VL-s on diffusive O2 transport. These disparate O2 transport strategies and their temporal profiles across muscles have previously been concealed within the "global" pulmonary V˙O2 response.

  2017年09月, Physiological reports, 5(17) (17), 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Maximum rate of sweat ions reabsorption during exercise with regional differences, sex, and exercise training.

  Tatsuro Amano, Megumi Hirose, Kana Konishi, Nicola Gerrett, Hiroyuki Ueda, Narihiko Kondo, Yoshimitsu Inoue

  PURPOSE: It is recently reported that determining sweat rate (SR) threshold for increasing galvanic skin conductance (GSC) would represent a maximum rate of sweat ion reabsorption in sweat glands. We evaluate the maximum rate of sweat ion reabsorption over skin regions, sex, and long-term exercise training by using the threshold analysis in the present study. METHODS: Ten males (2 untrained, 4 sprinters, and 4 distance runners) and 12 females (5 untrained, 4 sprinters, and 3 distance runners) conducted graded cycling exercise for 45 min at low, middle, and high exercise intensities (heart rate 100-110, 120-130, and 140-150 beats/min, respectively) for 10, 15, and 20 min, respectively, at 30 °C and 50% relative humidity. Comparisons were made between males and females and among untrained individuals, distance runners, and sprinters on the back and forearm. RESULTS: SR threshold for increasing GSC on back was significantly higher than that of forearm (P < 0.05) without any sex differences (back 0.70 ± 0.08 and 0.61 ± 0.04, forearm 0.40 ± 0.05 and 0.45 ± 0.06 mg/cm2/min for males and females, respectively). Distance runners and sprinters showed higher SR threshold for increasing GSC than that of untrained subjects on back (P < 0.05) but not on forearm (back 0.45 ± 0.06, 0.83 ± 0.06, and 0.70 ± 0.04, forearm 0.33 ± 0.04, 0.49 ± 0.02, and 0.39 ± 0.07 mg/cm2/min for untrained subjects, distance runners, and sprinters, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the maximum sweat ion reabsorption rate on the back is higher than that of forearm without sex differences. Furthermore, exercise training in distance runners and sprinters improves the maximum sweat ion reabsorption rate on the back.

  2017年07月, European journal of applied physiology, 117(7) (7), 1317 - 1327, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Evidence for β-adrenergic modulation of sweating during incremental exercise in habitually trained males.

  Tatsuro Amano, Yosuke Shitara, Naoto Fujii, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  The aim of the present study was to determine the β-adrenergic contribution to sweating during incremental exercise in habitually trained males. Nine habitually trained and 11 untrained males performed incremental cycling until exhaustion (20 W/min). Bilateral forearm sweat rates (ventilated capsule) were measured at two skin sites that were transdermally administered via iontophoresis with either 1% propranolol (Propranolol, a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) or saline (Control). The sweat rate was evaluated as a function of both relative (percentage of maximum workload) and absolute exercise intensities. The sweat rate at the Propranolol site was lower than the control during exercise at 80 (0.57 ± 0.21 and 0.45 ± 0.19 mg·cm-2·min-1 for Control and Propranolol, respectively) and 90% (0.74 ± 0.22 and 0.65 ± 0.17 mg·cm-2·min-1, respectively) of maximum workload in trained males (all P < 0.05). By contrast, no between-site differences in sweat rates were observed in untrained counterparts (all P > 0.05). At the same absolute intensity, higher sweat rates on the control site were observed in trained males relative to the untrained during exercise at 160 (0.23 ± 0.20 and 0.04 ± 0.05 mg·cm-2·min-1 for trained and untrained, respectively) and 180 W (0.40 ± 0.20 and 0.13 ± 0.13 mg·cm-2·min-1, respectively) (all P < 0.05), whereas this between-group difference was not observed at the Propranolol site (all P > 0.05). We show that the β-adrenergic mechanism does modulate sweating during exercise at a submaximal high relative intensity in habitually trained males. The β-adrenergic mechanism may in part contribute to the greater sweat production in habitually trained males than in untrained counterparts during exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated for the first time that the β-adrenergic mechanism does modulate sweating (i.e., β-adrenergic sweating) during exercise using a localized β-adrenoceptor blockade in humans in vivo. β-Adrenergic sweating was evident in habitually trained individuals during exercise at a submaximal high relative intensity (80-90% maximal work). This observation advances our understanding of human thermoregulation during exercise and of the mechanism that underlies sweat gland adaptation to habitual exercise training.

  2017年07月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 123(1) (1), 182 - 189, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on the spatial heterogeneity of quadriceps deoxygenation during heavy-intensity cycling.

  Brynmor C Breese, David C Poole, Dai Okushima, Stephen J Bailey, Andrew M Jones, Narihiko Kondo, Tatsuro Amano, Shunsaku Koga

  This study investigated the influence of dietary inorganic nitrate (NO3-) supplementation on pulmonary O2 uptake (V˙O2) and muscle deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (i.e. deoxy [Hb + Mb]) kinetics during submaximal cycling exercise. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, eight healthy and physically active male subjects completed two step cycle tests at a work rate equivalent to 50% of the difference between the gas exchange threshold and peak V˙O2 over separate 4-day supplementation periods with NO3--rich (BR; providing 8.4 mmol NO3-∙day-1) and NO3--depleted (placebo; PLA) beetroot juice. Pulmonary V˙O2 was measured breath-by-breath and time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy was utilized to quantify absolute deoxy [Hb + Mb] and total [Hb + Mb] within the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the primary deoxy [Hb + Mb] mean response time or amplitude between the PLA and BR trials at each muscle site. BR significantly increased the mean (three-site) end-exercise deoxy [Hb + Mb] (PLA: 91 ± 9 vs. BR: 95 ± 12 μmol/L, P < 0.05), with a tendency to increase the mean (three-site) area under the curve for total [Hb + Mb] responses (PLA: 3650 ± 1188 vs. BR: 4467 ± 1315 μmol/L sec-1, P = 0.08). The V˙O2 slow component reduction after BR supplementation (PLA: 0.27 ± 0.07 vs. BR: 0.23 ± 0.08 L min-1, P = 0.07) correlated inversely with the mean increases in deoxy [Hb + Mb] and total [Hb + Mb] across the three muscle regions (r2 = 0.62 and 0.66, P < 0.05). Dietary NO3- supplementation increased O2 diffusive conductance across locomotor muscles in association with improved V˙O2 dynamics during heavy-intensity cycling transitions.

  2017年07月, Physiological reports, 5(14) (14), 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on the spatial heterogeneity of quadriceps deoxygenation during heavy-intensity cycling

  Breese Brynmor C., Poole David C., Okushima Dai, Bailey Stephen J., Jones Andrew M., Kondo Narihiko, Amano Tatsuro, Koga Shunsaku

  This study investigated the influence of dietary inorganic nitrate (NO3(-)) supplementation on pulmonary O2 uptake (V˙O2) and muscle deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (i.e. deoxy [Hb+Mb]) kinetics during submaximal cycling exercise. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, eight healthy and physically active male subjects completed two step cycle tests at a work rate equivalent to 50% of the difference between the gas exchange threshold and peak (V˙O2) over separate 4-day supplementation periods with (NO3(-))‐rich (BR; providing 8.4mmol (NO3(-))−∙day−1) and (NO3(-)) ‐depleted (placebo; PLA) beetroot juice. Pulmonary (V˙O2) was measured breath-by-breath and time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy was utilized to quantify absolute deoxy [Hb+Mb] and total [Hb+Mb] within the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the primary deoxy [Hb+Mb] mean response time or amplitude between the PLA and BR trials at each muscle site. BR significantly increased the mean (three-site) end-exercise deoxy [Hb+Mb] (PLA: 91 ± 9 vs. BR: 95 ± 12 μmol/L, P < 0.05), with a tendency to increase the mean (three-site) area under the curve for total [Hb + Mb] responses (PLA: 3650 ± 1188 vs. BR: 4467 ± 1315 μmol/L sec−1, P = 0.08). The (V˙O2) slow component reduction after BR supplementation (PLA: 0.27 ± 0.07 vs. BR: 0.23 ± 0.08Lmin(-1), P=0.07) correlated inversely with the mean increases in deoxy [Hb+Mb] and total [Hb+Mb] across the three muscle regions (r(2)=0.62 and 0.66, P<0.05). Dietary (NO3(-))supplementation increased O2 diffusive conductance across locomotor muscles in association with improved (V˙O2) dynamics during heavy-intensity cycling transitions.

  Wiley, 2017年07月, Physiological Reports, 5(14) (14), e13340, 英語

  [査読有り]

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Maximum rate of sweat ions reabsorption during exercise with regional differences, sex, and exercise training

  Tatsuro Amano, Megumi Hirose, Kana Konishi, Nicola Gerrett, Hiroyuki Ueda, Narihiko Kondo, Yoshimitsu Inoue

  Purpose It is recently reported that determining sweat rate (SR) threshold for increasing galvanic skin conductance (GSC) would represent a maximum rate of sweat ion reabsorption in sweat glands. We evaluate the maximum rate of sweat ion reabsorption over skin regions, sex, and longterm exercise training by using the threshold analysis in the present study. Methods Ten males (2 untrained, 4 sprinters, and 4 distance runners) and 12 females (5 untrained, 4 sprinters, and 3 distance runners) conducted graded cycling exercise for 45 min at low, middle, and high exercise intensities (heart rate 100-110, 120-130, and 140-150 beats/min, respectively) for 10, 15, and 20 min, respectively, at 30 degrees C and 50% relative humidity. Comparisons were made between males and females and among untrained individuals, distance runners, and sprinters on the back and forearm. Results SR threshold for increasing GSC on back was significantly higher than that of forearm (P < 0.05) without any sex differences (back 0.70 +/- 0.08 and 0.61 +/- 0.04, forearm 0.40 +/- 0.05 and 0.45 +/- 0.06 mg/cm(2)/min for males showed higher SR threshold for increasing GSC than that of untrained subjects on back (P < 0.05) but not on forearm (back 0.45 +/- 0.06, 0.83 +/- 0.06, and 0.70 +/- 0.04, forearm 0.33 +/- 0.04, 0.49 +/- 0.02, and 0.39 +/- 0.07 mg/cm(2)/min for untrained subjects, distance runners, and sprinters, respectively). Conclusion These results suggest that the maximum sweat ion reabsorption rate on the back is higher than that of forearm without sex differences. Furthermore, exercise training in distance runners and sprinters improves the maximum sweat ion reabsorption rate on the back.

  SPRINGER, 2017年07月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 117(7) (7), 1317 - 1327, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Evidence for beta-adrenergic modulation of sweating during incremental exercise in habitually trained males

  Tatsuro Amano, Yosuke Shitara, Naoto Fujii, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  The aim of the present study was to determine the beta-adrenergic contribution to sweating during incremental exercise in habitually trained males. Nine habitually trained and 11 untrained males performed incremental cycling until exhaustion (20 W/min). Bilateral forearm sweat rates (ventilated capsule) were measured at two skin sites that were transdermally administered via iontophoresis with either 1% propranolol (Propranolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist) or saline (Control). The sweat rate was evaluated as a function of both relative (percentage of maximum workload) and absolute exercise intensities. The sweat rate at the Propranolol site was lower than the control during exercise at 80 (0.57 +/- 0.21 and 0.45 +/- 0.19 mg .cm(-2) .min(-1) for Control and Propranolol, respectively) and 90% (0.74 +/- 0.22 and 0.65 +/- 0.17 mg u cm(-2).min(-1), respectively) of maximum workload in trained males (all P = 0.05). By contrast, no between-site differences in sweat rates were observed in untrained counterparts (all P = 0.05). At the same absolute intensity, higher sweat rates on the control site were observed in trained males relative to the untrained during exercise at 160 (0.23 +/- 0.20 and 0.04 +/- 0.05 mg.cm(-2).min(-1) for trained and untrained, respectively) and 180 W (0.40 +/- 0.20 and 0.13 +/- 0.13 mg.cm(-2).min(-1), respectively) (all P = 0.05), whereas this between-group difference was not observed at the Propranolol site (all P = 0.05). We show that the beta-adrenergic mechanism does modulate sweating during exercise at a submaximal high relative intensity in habitually trained males. The beta-adrenergic mechanism may in part contribute to the greater sweat production in habitually trained males than in untrained counterparts during exercise.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2017年07月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 123(1) (1), 182 - 189, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Wearing graduated compression stockings augments cutaneous vasodilation but not sweating during exercise in the heat.

  Naoto Fujii, Toshiya Nikawa, Bun Tsuji, Glen P Kenny, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  The activation of cutaneous vasodilation and sweating are essential to the regulation of core temperature during exercise in the heat. We assessed the effect of graduated compression induced by wearing stockings on cutaneous vasodilation and sweating during exercise in the heat (30°C). On two separate occasions, nine young males exercised for 45 min or until core temperature reached ~1.5°C above baseline resting while wearing either (1) stockings causing graduated compression (graduate compression stockings, GCS), or (2) loose-fitting stockings without compression (Control). Forearm vascular conductance was evaluated by forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) divided by mean arterial pressure to estimate cutaneous vasodilation. Sweat rate was estimated using the ventilated capsule technique. Core and skin temperatures were measured continuously. Exercise duration was similar between conditions (Control: 42.2 ± 3.6 min vs. GCS: 42.2 ± 3.6 min, P = 1.00). Relative to Control, GCS increased forearm vascular conductance during the late stages (≥30 min) of exercise (e.g., at 40 min, 15.6 ± 5.6 vs. 18.0 ± 6.0 units, P = 0.01). This was paralleled by a greater sensitivity (23.1 ± 9.1 vs. 32.1 ± 15.0 units°C-1, P = 0.043) and peak level (14.1 ± 5.1 vs. 16.3 ± 5.7 units, P = 0.048) of cutaneous vasodilation as evaluated from the relationship between forearm vascular conductance with core temperature. However, the core temperature threshold at which an increase in forearm vascular conductance occurred did not differ between conditions (Control: 36.9 ± 0.2 vs. GCS: 37.0 ± 0.3°C, P = 0.13). In contrast, no effect of GCS on sweating was measured (all P > 0.05). We show that the use of GCS during exercise in the heat enhances cutaneous vasodilation and not sweating.

  2017年05月, Physiological reports, 5(9) (9), 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Wearing graduated compression stockings augments cutaneous vasodilation in heat-stressed resting humans.

  Naoto Fujii, Toshiya Nikawa, Bun Tsuji, Narihiko Kondo, Glen P Kenny, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  PURPOSE: We investigated whether graduated compression induced by stockings enhances cutaneous vasodilation in passively heated resting humans. METHODS: Nine habitually active young men were heated at rest using water-perfusable suits, resulting in a 1.0 °C increase in body core temperature. Heating was repeated twice on separate occasions while wearing either (1) stockings that cause graduated compression (pressures of 26.4 ± 5.3, 17.5 ± 4.4, and 6.1 ± 2.0 mmHg at the ankle, calf, and thigh, respectively), or (2) loose-fitting stockings without causing compression (Control). Forearm vascular conductance during heating was evaluated by forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) divided by mean arterial pressure to estimate heat-induced cutaneous vasodilation. Body core (esophageal), skin, and mean body temperatures were measured continuously. RESULTS: Compared to the Control, forearm vascular conductance during heating was higher with graduated compression stockings (e.g., 23.2 ± 5.5 vs. 28.6 ± 5.8 units at 45 min into heating, P = 0.001). In line with this, graduated compression stockings resulted in a greater sensitivity (27.5 ± 8.3 vs. 34.0 ± 9.4 units °C-1, P = 0.02) and peak level (25.5 ± 5.8 vs. 29.7 ± 5.8 units, P = 0.004) of cutaneous vasodilation as evaluated from the relationship between forearm vascular conductance with mean body temperature. In contrast, the mean body temperature threshold for increases in forearm vascular conductance did not differ between the Control and graduated compression stockings (36.5 ± 0.1 vs. 36.5 ± 0.2 °C, P = 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that graduated compression associated with the use of stockings augments cutaneous vasodilation by modulating sensitivity and peak level of cutaneous vasodilation in relation to mean body temperature. However, the effect of these changes on whole-body heat loss remains unclear.

  2017年05月, European journal of applied physiology, 117(5) (5), 921 - 929, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Wearing graduated compression stockings augments cutaneous vasodilation but not sweating during exercise in the heat.

  Fujii N, Nikawa T, Tsuji B, Kenny GP, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T

  2017年05月, Physiological reports, 5(9) (9)

  [査読有り]

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• 運動時におけるヒトの発汗調節特性

  近藤 徳彦, 天野 達郎, Gerrett Nicola

  日本発汗学会, 2017年04月, 発汗学, 24(1) (1), 2 - 5, 日本語


• アクティブエイジングプロジェクトにおける住民交流ネットワークの解析

  河崎 素乃美, 谷口 隆晴, 増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦, 岡田 修一

  日本応用数理学会 ; 1991-, 2017年03月, 応用数理, 27(1) (1), 13 - 20, 日本語

  [査読有り][招待有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Sweating responses to isometric hand-grip exercise and forearm muscle metaboreflex in prepubertal children and elderly.

  Tatsuro Amano, Seiko Kai, Michi Nakajima, Tomoko Ichinose-Kuwahara, Nicola Gerrett, Narihiko Kondo, Yoshimitsu Inoue

  NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Non-thermal factors (e.g. muscle metaboreflex) contribute to the sweating response during exercise. Although it is well recognized that the sweating responses caused by core temperature elevation in prepubertal children and the elderly are attenuated compared with young adults, it is unknown whether non-thermal sweating is also attenuated in these populations. What is the main finding and its importance? The non-thermal sweating response during isometric hand-grip exercise and isolated muscle metaboreflex were attenuated in prepubertal children compared with young adults in a non-uniform manner over the body, but only during the muscle metaboreflex in the elderly. This may explain the maturation- and ageing-related decline of sweating during exercise. The purpose of the present study was to investigate sweating responses to isometric hand-grip (IH) exercise and muscle metaboreflex in prepubertal children and the elderly. In hot conditions (ambient temperature, 35°C; relative humidity, 45%), 13 healthy young adults, 10 prepubertal children and 10 elderly subjects (aged 20.4 ± 1.2, 11.4 ± 0.5 and 63.5 ± 3.1 years, respectively) repeated a three hand-grip exercise protocol that consisted of 1 min IH exercise at 15, 30 or 45% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) followed by 2 min postexercise forearm occlusion. Local sweat rates (SRs) on the forehead, chest, forearm, thigh and palm were continuously measured (ventilated capsule method). The forehead SR in prepubertal children during IH exercise at 45% MVC was significantly lower than that of young adults (0.26 ± 0.22 and 0.08 ± 0.15 mg cm-2  min-1 for young adults and children, respectively; P < 0.05) but not of the elderly at any exercise intensities. The SR on the chest (0.22 ± 0.22 and -0.01 ± 0.05 mg cm-2  min-1 for young adults and children, respectively), forearm (0.14 ± 0.12 and 0.03 ± 0.04 mg cm-2  min-1 ) and thigh (0.13 ± 0.10 and 0.02 ± 0.03 mg cm-2  min-1 ) during postexercise occlusion at 45% MVC was significantly lower in children than in young adults (P < 0.05). Elderly subjects showed a significantly lower SR on the forearm (0.04 ± 0.04 and 0.01 ± 0.02 mg cm-2  min-1 for young adults and elderly, respectively) and thigh (0.07 ± 0.07 and 0.01 ± 0.03 mg cm-2  min-1 ) at 15% MVC and on the thigh at 45% MVC (0.13 ± 0.10 and 0.04 ± 0.04 mg cm-2  min-1 ) during postexercise occlusion compared with young adults (P < 0.05). These results suggest that sweating responses to IH exercise and muscle metaboreflex were underdeveloped in prepubertal children and that ageing attenuates the response to the muscle metaboreflex in a way that is not consistent across the body.

  2017年02月, Experimental physiology, 102(2) (2), 214 - 227, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The mechanisms underlying the muscle metaboreflex modulation of sweating and cutaneous blood flow in passively heated humans.

  Baies Haqani, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Glen P Kenny

  Metaboreceptors can modulate cutaneous blood flow and sweating during heat stress but the mechanisms remain unknown. Fourteen participants (31 ± 13 years) performed 1-min bout of isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise at 60% of their maximal voluntary contraction followed by a 3-min occlusion (OCC), each separated by 10 min, initially under low (LHS, to activate sweating without changes in core temperature) and high (HHS, whole-body heating to a core temperature increase of 1.0°C) heat stress conditions. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate were measured continuously at four forearm skin sites perfused with 1) lactated Ringer's solution (Control), 2) 10 mmol L-NAME [inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS)], 3) 10 mmol Ketorolac [inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)], or 4) 4 mmol theophylline (THEO; inhibits adenosine receptors). Relative to pre-IHG levels with Control, NOS inhibition attenuated the metaboreceptor-mediated increase in sweating under LHS and HHS (P ≤ 0.05), albeit the attenuation was greater under LHS (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, a reduction from baseline was observed with THEO under LHS during OCC (P ≤ 0.05), but not HHS (both P > 0.05). In contrast, CVC was lower than Control with L-NAME during OCC in HHS (P ≤ 0.05), but not LHS (P > 0.05). We show that metaboreceptor activation modulates CVC via the stimulation of NOS and adenosine receptors, whereas NOS, but not COX or adenosine receptors, contributes to sweating at all levels of heating.

  2017年02月, Physiological reports, 5(3) (3), 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• 交流ネットワークの構造変化に対するネットワークモデルを用いた統計的検定手法

  河崎 素乃美, 谷口 隆晴, 増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦, 岡田 修一

  2017年, 日本応用数理学会論文誌, 27(2) (2), 112 - 146, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Greater V˙O2peak is correlated with greater skeletal muscle deoxygenation amplitude and hemoglobin concentration within individual muscles during ramp-incremental cycle exercise.

  Dai Okushima, David C Poole, Thomas J Barstow, Harry B Rossiter, Narihiko Kondo, T Scott Bowen, Tatsuro Amano, Shunsaku Koga

  It is axiomatic that greater aerobic fitness (V˙O2peak) derives from enhanced perfusive and diffusive O2 conductances across active muscles. However, it remains unknown how these conductances might be reflected by regional differences in fractional O2 extraction (i.e., deoxy [Hb+Mb] and tissue O2 saturation [StO2]) and diffusive O2 potential (i.e., total[Hb+Mb]) among muscles spatially heterogeneous in blood flow, fiber type, and recruitment (vastus lateralis, VL; rectus femoris, RF). Using quantitative time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy during ramp cycling in 24 young participants (V˙O2peak range: ~37.4-66.4 mL kg-1 min-1), we tested the hypotheses that (1) deoxy[Hb+Mb] and total[Hb+Mb] at V˙O2peak would be positively correlated with V˙O2peak in both VL and RF muscles; (2) the pattern of deoxygenation (the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes) during submaximal exercise would not differ among subjects differing in V˙O2peak Peak deoxy [Hb+Mb] and StO2 correlated with V˙O2peak for both VL (r = 0.44 and -0.51) and RF (r = 0.49 and -0.49), whereas for total[Hb+Mb] this was true only for RF (r = 0.45). Baseline deoxy[Hb+Mb] and StO2 correlated with V˙O2peak only for RF (r = -0.50 and 0.54). In addition, the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes were not affected by aerobic fitness. In conclusion, while the pattern of deoxygenation (the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes) did not differ between fitness groups the capacity to deoxygenate [Hb+Mb] (index of maximal fractional O2 extraction) correlated significantly with V˙O2peak in both RF and VL muscles. However, only in the RF did total[Hb+Mb] (index of diffusive O2 potential) relate to fitness.

  2016年12月, Physiological reports, 4(23) (23), 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Sex differences in age-related changes on peripheral warm and cold innocuous thermal sensitivity

  Yoshimitsu Inoue, Nicola Gerrett, Tomoko Ichinose-Kuwahara, Yasue Umino, Saeko Kiuchi, Tatsuro Amano, Hiroyuki Ueda, George Havenith, Narihiko Kondo

  Cutaneous thermal sensitivity to a warm and cold stimulus was compared amongst 12 older (OF, 65.2 +/- 1.0 year) and 29 younger (YF, 21.6 +/- 0.2 years) female participants, and 17 older (OM, 66.2 +/- 1.5 years) and 13 younger (YM, 21.2 +/- 0.4 years) male participants to examine the effects of ageing and sex. In a neutral condition (27.5 degrees C, 50% RH) during rest, warm and cold thermal sensitivity was measured on eight body regions (forehead, chest, back, forearm, hand, thigh, calf, and foot). Using the method of limits, a thermal stimulator was applied to the skin at an adapting temperature and either increased or decreased at a constant rate (0.3 degrees C/s) until the participants detected the temperature with a push button. Thermal sensitivity declined with ageing to both a cold (older: 1468.6 +/- 744.7 W/m(2), younger: 869.8 +/- 654.7 W/m(2), p < 0.001) and warm (older: 2127.0 +/- 12083 W/m(2), younger: 1301.7 +/- 1055.2 W/m(2), p < 0.001) innocuous stimulus. YF and OF were more sensitive than YM and OM to both a warm and cold stimulus (p < 0.05). There was no interaction between age and sex suggesting that whilst thermal sensitivity decreases with age the decrease is similar between the sexes (p > 0.05). There was an interaction between temperatures, age and location and it seemed that cold thermal sensitivity was more homogenous for young and older participants however warm thermal sensitivity was more heterogeneous especially in the younger participants (p < 0.05). Although the pattern was not similar between ages or sexes it was evident that the forehead was the most sensitive region to a warm and cold stimulus. Interestingly the decline in sensitivity observed with ageing occurred for all locations but was attenuated at the forehead in both males and females (p > 0.05). (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.

  PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2016年10月, PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR, 164, 86 - 92, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of stride frequency on thermoregulatory responses during endurance running in distance runners.

  Tatsuro Amano, Masaki Ishitobi, Yukio Ogura, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Shunsaku Koga, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Narihiko Kondo

  Changing stride frequency may influence oxygen uptake and heart rate during running as a function of running economy and central command. This study investigated the influence of stride frequency manipulation on thermoregulatory responses during endurance running. Seven healthy endurance runners ran on a treadmill at a velocity of 15km/h for 60min in a controlled environmental chamber (ambient temperature 27°C and relative humidity 50%), and stride frequency was manipulated. Stride frequency was intermittently manipulated by increasing and decreasing frequency by 10% from the pre-determined preferred frequency. These periods of increase or decrease were separated by free frequency running in the order of free stride frequency, stride frequency manipulation (increase or decrease), free stride frequency, and stride frequency manipulation (increase or decrease) for 15min each. The increased and decreased stride frequencies were 110% and 91% of the free running frequency, respectively (196±6, 162±5, and 178±5steps/min, respectively, P<0.01). Compared to the control, stride frequency manipulation did not affect rectal temperature, heart rate, or the rate of perceived exhaustion during running. Whole-body sweat loss increased significantly when stride frequency was manipulated (1.48±0.11 and 1.57±0.11kg for control and manipulated stride frequencies, respectively, P<0.05), but stride frequency had a small effect on sweat loss overall (Cohen's d=0.31). A higher mean skin temperature was also observed under mixed frequency conditions compared to that in the control (P<0.05). While the precise mechanisms underlying these changes remain unknown (e.g. running economy or central command), our results suggest that manipulation of stride frequency does not have a large effect on sweat loss or other physiological variables, but does increase mean skin temperature during endurance running.

  2016年10月, Journal of thermal biology, 61, 61 - 66, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of stride frequency on thermoregulatory responses during endurance running in distance runners

  Tatsuro Amano, Masaki Ishitobi, Yukio Ogura, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Shunsaku Koga, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Narihiko Kondo

  Changing stride frequency may influence oxygen uptake and heart rate during running as a function of running economy and central command. This study investigated the influence of stride frequency manipulation on thermoregulatory responses during endurance running. Seven healthy endurance runners ran on a treadmill at a velocity of 15 km/h for 60 min in a controlled environmental chamber (ambient temperature 27 degrees C and relative humidity 50%), and stride frequency was manipulated. Stride frequency was intermittently manipulated by increasing and decreasing frequency by 10% from the pre-determined preferred frequency. These periods of increase or decrease were separated by free frequency running in the order of free stride frequency, stride frequency manipulation (increase or decrease), free stride frequency, and stride frequency manipulation (increase or decrease) for 15 min each. The increased and decreased stride frequencies were 110% and 91% of the free running frequency, respectively (196 +/- 6, 162 +/- 5, and 178 +/- 5 steps/min, respectively, P < 0.01). Compared to the control, stride frequency manipulation did not affect rectal temperature, heart rate, or the rate of perceived exhaustion during running. Whole-body sweat loss increased significantly when stride frequency was manipulated (1.48 +/- 0.11 and 1.57 +/- 0.11 kg for control and manipulated stride frequencies, respectively, P < 0.05), but stride frequency had a small effect on sweat loss overall (Cohen's d=0.31). A higher mean skin temperature was also observed under mixed frequency conditions compared to that in the control (P < 0.05). While the precise mechanisms underlying these changes remain unknown (e.g. running economy or central command), our results suggest that manipulation of stride frequency does not have a large effect on sweat loss or other physiological variables, but does increase mean skin temperature during endurance running. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2016年10月, JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY, 61, 61 - 66, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 地域ケアシステム導入に関する活動分析ーその5－

  城 仁士, 榎並 莉穂, 藤原 義章, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 真理

  神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2016年09月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科 研究紀要, 第10巻(第1号) (第1号), 77 - 85, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Diurnal variation in the control of ventilation in response to rising body temperature during exercise in the heat

  Bun Tsuji, Yasushi Honda, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  We investigated whether heat-induced hyperventilation during exercise is affected by time of day, as diurnal variation leads to higher core temperatures in the evening. Nineteen male subjects were divided into two experiments (protocol 1, n = 10 and protocol 2, n = 9). In protocol 1, subjects performed cycle exercise at 50% peak oxygen uptake in the heat (37 degrees C and 50% RH) in the morning (0600) and evening (1800). Results showed that baseline resting and exercising esophageal temperature (T-es) were significantly (0.5 degrees C) higher in the evening than morning. Minute ventilation ((V) over dot(E)) increased from 54.3 +/- 7.9 and 54.9 +/- 6.8 l/min at 10 min to 71.4 +/- 8.1 and 76.5 +/- 11.8 l/min at 48.5 min in the morning and evening, respectively (both P < 0.01). Time of day had no effect on (V) over dot(E) (P = 0.44). When (V) over dot(E) as the output response was plotted against Tes as thermal input, the Tes threshold for increases in (V) over dot(E) was higher in the evening than morning (37.2 +/- 0.7 vs. 36.6 +/- 0.6 degrees C, P = 0.009), indicating the ventilatory response to the same core temperature is smaller in the evening. In protocol 2, the circadian rhythm-related higher resting T-es seen in the evening was adjusted down to the same temperature seen in the morning by immersing the subject in cold water. Importantly, the time course of changes in (V) over dot(E) during exercise were smaller in the evening, but the threshold for (V) over dot(E) remained higher in the evening than morning (P < 0.001). Collectively, those results suggest that time of day has no effect on time course hyperventilation during exercise in the heat, despite the higher core temperatures in the evening. This is likely due to diurnal variation in the control of ventilation in response to rising core temperature.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2016年08月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 311(2) (2), R401 - R409, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• A study of the relation between Japanese elderly people's satisfaction with their current life and their level of social participation: Based on the role of social networks

  Ai Fukuzawa, Keiko Katagiri, Kouhei Masumoto, Narihiko Kondo, Makoto Chogahara, Shuichi Okada

  ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016年07月, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 51, 51 - 51, 英語

  [査読有り]


• Interventions increase community interactions among elderly adults: Evidence from an urban area in Japan

  Keiko Katagiri, Kouhei Masumoto, Shuichi Okada, Narihiko Kondo, Makoto Chogahara, Ai Fukuzawa

  ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016年07月, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 51, 45 - 46, 英語

  [査読有り]


• 高強度のウォームアップ運動が活動筋の酸素動態に及ぼす影響

  古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 福岡 義之, 天野 達郎, 奥島 大

  高強度のウォームアップ(W-up)運動を用いると,W-up運動後の主運動における活動筋の酸素消費量(VO2)の増加が速くなり,酸素不足が減少する.本研究では,表層筋に加えて深層筋も含めた活動筋の酸素動態を計測し,高強度のW-up運動が活動筋の酸素動態に及ぼす影響を明らかにした.時間分解・近赤外分光装置を用いて,活動筋における脱酸素化ヘモグロビン+ミオグロビン(HHb)を計測した.大腿直筋深層部のHHbは第1運動と第2運動の開始後の約5分目において定常状態を示し,VO2とQの増加速度のマッチングが生じたことが示唆された.さらに,第1運動と第2運動において大腿直筋深層部におけるHHbの時定数と平均応答時間は表層部に比べて有意に遅かった.HHbはVO2/Qを反映するので,表層筋に比べて遅筋線維が多く含まれ,運動中の筋温がより高い深層筋では,酸素供給が十分になって活動筋全体のVO2とQのバランスが改善され,酸素不足が減少したと推測される.(著者抄録)

  (公財)石本記念デサントスポーツ科学振興財団, 2016年06月, デサントスポーツ科学, 37, 154 - 160, 日本語


• Influence of forearm muscle metaboreceptor activation on sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during dynamic exercise

  Tatsuro Amano, Masashi Ichinose, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Shunsaku Koga, Glen P. Kenny, Narihiko Kondo

  We examined whether the sustained activation of metaboreceptor in forearm during cycling exercise can modulate sweating and cutaneous vasodilation. On separate days, 12 young participants performed a 1.5-min isometric handgrip exercise at 40% maximal voluntary contraction followed by 1) 9-min forearm ischemia (Occlusion, to activate metaboreceptor) or 2) no ischemia (Control) in thermoneutral conditions (27(circle)C, 50%) with mean skin temperature clamped at 34(circle)C. Thirty seconds after the handgrip exercise, participants cycled for 13.5 min at 40% VO2 max. For Occlusion, forearm ischemia was maintained for 9 min followed by no ischemia thereafter. Local sweat rate (SR, ventilated capsule) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, laser-Doppler perfusion units/ mean arterial pressure) on the contralateral nonischemic arm as well as esophageal and skin temperatures were measured continuously. The period of ischemia in the early stages of exercise increased SR (+ 0.03 mg(.)cm (-2) (.) min (-1), P < 0.05) but not CVC (P > 0.05) above Control levels. No differences were measured in the esophageal temperature at which onset of sweating (Control 37.19 +/- 0.09 vs. Occlusion 37.07 +/- 0.09(circle)C) or CVC (Control 37.21 +/- 0.08 vs. Occlusion 37.08 +/- 0.10(circle)C) as well as slopes for these responses (all P > 0.05). However, a greater elevation in SR occurred thereafter such that SR was significantly elevated at the end of the ischemic period relative to Control (0.37 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.05 mg(.)cm (-2.)min (- 1), respectively, P < 0.05) despite no differences in esophageal temperature. We conclude that the activation of forearm muscle metaboreceptor can modulate sweating, but not CVC, during cycling exercise without affecting the core temperature-SR relationship.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2016年06月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 310(11) (11), R1332 - R1339, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• ヒトの体温調節特性を生かしたスポーツウエアの開発

  天野 達郎, 島名 孝次, 堀川 直幹, Gerrett Nicola, 近藤 徳彦

  (株)文光堂, 2016年03月, 臨床スポーツ医学, 33(3) (3), 313 - 315, 日本語


• The Spatial Distribution of Absolute Skeletal Muscle Deoxygenation During Ramp-Incremental Exercise Is Not Influenced by Hypoxia

  T. Scott Bowen, Shunsaku Koga, Tatsuro Amano, Narihiko Kondo, Harry B. Rossiter

  Time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRS-NIRS) allows absolute quantitation of deoxygenated haemoglobin and myoglobin concentration ([HHb]) in skeletal muscle. We recently showed that the spatial distribution of peak [HHb] within the quadriceps during moderate-intensity cycling is reduced with progressive hypoxia and this is associated with impaired aerobic energy provision. We therefore aimed to determine whether reduced spatial distribution of skeletal muscle [HHb] was associated with impaired aerobic energy transfer during exhaustive ramp-incremental exercise in hypoxia. Seven healthy men performed ramp-incremental cycle exercise (20 W/min) to exhaustion at 3 fractional inspired O-2 concentrations (FIO2): 0.21, 0.16, 0.12. Pulmonary O-2 uptake ((V) over dot O-2) was measured using a flow meter and gas analyser system. Lactate threshold (LT) was estimated non-invasively. Absolute muscle deoxygenation was quantified by multichannel TRS-NIRS from the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis (proximal and distal regions). (V) over dotO(2peak) and LT were progressively reduced (p< 0.05) with hypoxia. There was a significant effect (p< 0.05) of FIO2 on [HHb] at baseline, LT, and peak. However the spatial variance of [HHb] was not different between FIO2 conditions. Peak total Hb ([Hb(tot)]) was significantly reduced between FIO2 conditions (p< 0.001). There was no association between reductions in the spatial distribution of skeletal muscle [HHb] and indices of aerobic energy transfer during ramp-incremental exercise in hypoxia. While regional [HHb] quantified by TRS-NIRS at exhaustion was greater in hypoxia, the spatial distribution of [HHb] was unaffected. Interestingly, peak [Hb(tot)] was reduced at the tolerable limit in hypoxia implying a vasodilatory reserve may exist in conditions with reduced FIO2.

  SPRINGER, 2016年, OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XXXVII, 876, 19 - 26, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Characteristics of hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation in humans

  Tsuji B, Hayashi K, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T

  2016年, Temperature, 3(1) (1), 146 - 160, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 高温下における長時間運動時の体温調節反応は5‐35°Cの摂取水温に影響されない

  小倉幸雄, 井上芳光, 内之宮愛子, 北村優佳, 大森隆裕, 大上安奈, LEE Jason, Kai Wei, 近藤徳彦

  We examined the effects of different fluid temperatures of 5, 15, 25, and 35℃ on thermoregulatory responses during prolonged exercise in the heat because it is speculated that fluid at temperatures of between 5 and 15℃, as recommended by the Japan Sports Association, would have different effects on thermoregulatory parameters. Six men from an university track and field team performed 4 sets of cycling exercise (one set=15-min exercise with a 5-min rest period) at 50%VO₂max under conditions of 32℃ and 60% relative humidity. The volume of water provided was 80% of the total sweat rate in the non-drinking (control) trial divided by 4 equal aliquots. The increase in rectal temperature, mean skin temperature and mean body temperature during exercise showed no significant differences across all the fluid temperatures. Similarly, local sweat rate, skin blood flow and cutaneous vascular conductance were similar among the conditions. These results suggest that iso-volumetric fluids with varying temperatures (5-35℃) have no effect on rectal temperature and heat loss responses during prolonged exercise in a hot environment.
  

  一般社団法人 日本体育学会, 2016年, 体育学研究, 61(2) (2), 607‐619(J‐STAGE) - 619, 日本語

  [査読有り]


• Muscle deoxygenation in the quadriceps during ramp incremental cycling: Deep vs. superficial heterogeneity

  Dai Okushima, David C. Poole, Harry B. Rossiter, Thomas J. Barstow, Narihiko Kondo, Etsuko Ohmae, Shunsaku Koga

  Muscle deoxygenation (i.e., deoxy[Hb + Mb]) during exercise assesses the matching of oxygen delivery ((Q) over dot(O2)) to oxygen utilization ((V) over dot(O2)). Until now limitations in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology did not permit discrimination of deoxy[Hb + Mb] between superficial and deep muscles. In humans, the deep quadriceps is more highly vascularized and oxidative than the superficial quadriceps. Using high-power time-resolved NIRS, we tested the hypothesis that deoxygenation of the deep quadriceps would be less than in superficial muscle during incremental cycling exercise in eight males. Pulmonary (V) over dot(O2) was measured and muscle deoxy[Hb + Mb] was determined in the superficial vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF-s) and the deep rectus femoris (RF-d). deoxy[Hb + Mb] in RF-d was significantly less than VL at 70% (67.2 +/- 7.0 vs. 75.5 +/- 10.7 mu M) and 80% (71.4 +/- 11.0 vs. 79.0 +/- 15.4 mu M) of peak work rate (WRpeak), but greater than VL and VM at WRpeak (87.7 +/- 32.5 vs. 76.6 +/- 17.5 and 75.1 +/- 19.9 mu M). RF-s was intermediate at WRpeak (82.6 +/- 18.7 mu M). Total hemoglobin and myoglobin concentration and tissue oxygen saturation were significantly greater in RF-d than RF-s throughout exercise. The slope of deoxy[Hb + Mb] increase (proportional to (Q) over dot(O2)/(V) over dot(O2)) in VL and VM slowed markedly above 70% WRpeak, whereas it became greater in RF-d. This divergent deoxygenation pattern may be due to a greater population of slowt-witch muscle fibers in the RF-d muscle and the differential recruitment profiles and vascular and metabolic control properties of specific fiber populations within superficial and deeper muscle regions.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2015年12月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 119(11) (11), 1313 - 1319, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 地域コミュニティの構造変化に対する検定理論

  河崎 素乃美, 谷口 隆晴, 増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦, 岡田 修一

  2015年12月, 2015年度応用数学合同研究集会予稿集, 394 - 401, 日本語

  研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）


• Increasing blood flow to exercising muscle attenuates systemic cardiovascular responses during dynamic exercise in humans

  Ichinose, Masashi, Ichinose-Kuwahara, Tomoko, Kondo, Narihiko, Nishiyasu, Takeshi

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2015年11月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 309(10) (10), R1234 - R1242, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of short-term exercise-heat acclimation on ventilatory and cerebral blood flow responses to passive heating at rest in humans

  Fujii, Naoto, Tsuji, Bun, Honda, Yasushi, Kondo, Narihiko, Nishiyasu, Takeshi

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2015年09月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 119(5) (5), 435 - 444, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Influence of exercise training with thigh compression on heat-loss responses

  T. Amano, Y. Inoue, S. Koga, T. Nishiyasu, N. Kondo

  We investigated the effect of thigh compression, which accelerates activation of central command and muscle metabo- and mechanoreceptors, on the adaptation of sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during exercise heat acclimation. Nine non-heat-acclimated male subjects were acclimated to heat (32 degrees C and 50% RH) while cycling [50% of maximum oxygen uptake ( , acetylcholine-induced forearm sweating rate (iontophoresis), and mean sweating and cutaneous vascular responses on the forehead, chest, and forearm (SRmean and CVCmean) during passive heating were evaluated before and after training. Training significantly increased while did not affect acetylcholine-induced sweating rates in either group. Training significantly decreased T-b thresholds for SRmean and CVCmean during passive heating without the alternations of sensitivities in both groups. Although SRmean during passive heating at a given T-b was not improved in either group, CVCmean was significantly (P<0.05) attenuated after exercise training only in experimental group. Our results indicate that thigh cuff compression during exercise heat acclimation does not influence adaptation of the sweating response but attenuate cutaneous vasodilation.

  WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015年06月, SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS, 25, 173 - 182, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Validation of a high-power, time-resolved, near-infrared spectroscopy system for measurement of superficial and deep muscle deoxygenation during exercise

  Shunsaku Koga, Thomas J. Barstow, Dai Okushima, Harry B. Rossiter, Narihiko Kondo, Etsuko Ohmae, David C. Poole

  Near-infrared assessment of skeletal muscle is restricted to superficial tissues due to power limitations of spectroscopic systems. We reasoned that understanding of muscle deoxygenation may be improved by simultaneously interrogating deeper tissues. To achieve this, we modified a high-power (similar to 8 mW), time-resolved, near-infrared spectroscopy system to increase depth penetration. Precision was first validated using a homogenous optical phantom over a range of inter-optode spacings (OS). Coefficients of variation from 10 measurements were minimal (0.5-1.9%) for absorption (mu(a)), reduced scattering, simulated total hemoglobin, and simulated O-2 saturation. Second, a dual-layer phantom was constructed to assess depth sensitivity, and the thickness of the superficial layer was varied. With a superficial layer thickness of 1, 2, 3, and 4 cm (mu(a) = 0.149 cm(-1)), the proportional contribution of the deep layer (mu(a) = 0.250 cm(-1)) to total mu(a) was 80.1, 26.9, 3.7, and 0.0%, respectively (at 6-cm OS), validating penetration to similar to 3 cm. Implementation of an additional superficial phantom to simulate adipose tissue further reduced depth sensitivity. Finally, superficial and deep muscle spectroscopy was performed in six participants during heavy-intensity cycle exercise. Compared with the superficial rectus femoris, peak deoxygenation of the deep rectus femoris (including the superficial intermedius in some) was not significantly different (deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin concentration: 81.3 +/- 20.8 vs. 78.3 +/- 13.6 +/- M, P > 0.05), but deoxygenation kinetics were significantly slower (mean response time: 37 +/- 10 vs. 65 +/- 9 s, P <= 0.05). These data validate a high-power, time-resolved, near-infrared spectroscopy system with large OS for measuring the deoxygenation of deep tissues and reveal temporal and spatial disparities in muscle deoxygenation responses to exercise.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2015年06月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 118(11) (11), 1435 - 1442, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Reduction of V̇O₂ slow component by priming exercise: novel mechanistic insights from time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy.

  Yoshiyuki Fukuoka, David C. Poole, Thomas J. Barstow, Narihiko Kondo, Masato Nishiwaki, Dai Okushima, Shunsaku Koga

  Novel time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TR-NIRS), with adipose tissue thickness correction, was used to test the hypotheses that heavy priming exercise reduces the V̇O2 slow component (V̇O2SC) (1) by elevating microvascular [Hb] volume at multiple sites within the quadriceps femoris (2) rather than reducing the heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation kinetics. Twelve subjects completed two 6-min bouts of heavy work rate exercise, separated by 6 min of unloaded cycling. Priming exercise induced faster overall V̇O2 kinetics consequent to a substantial reduction in the V̇O2SC (0.27 ± 0.12 vs. 0.11 ± 0.09 L·min(-1), P < 0.05) with an unchanged primary V̇O2 time constant. An increased baseline for the primed bout [total (Hb + Mb)] (197.5 ± 21.6 vs. 210.7 ± 22.5 μmol L(-1), P < 0.01), reflecting increased microvascular [Hb] volume, correlated significantly with the V̇O2SC reduction. At multiple sites within the quadriceps femoris, priming exercise reduced the baseline and slowed the increase in [deoxy (Hb + Mb)]. Changes in the intersite coefficient of variation in the time delay and time constant of [deoxy (Hb + Mb)] during the second bout were not correlated with the V̇O2SC reduction. These results support a mechanistic link between priming exercise-induced increase in muscle [Hb] volume and the reduced V̇O2SC that serves to speed overall V̇O2 kinetics. However, reduction in the heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation kinetics does not appear to be an obligatory feature of the priming response.

  Wiley, 2015年06月, Physiological Reports, 3(6) (6), e12432 - e12432, 英語, 国際誌

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Changes in whole tissue heme concentration dissociates muscle deoxygenation from muscle oxygen extraction during passive head-up tilt

  Alessandra Adami, Shunsaku Koga, Narihiko Kondo, Daniel T. Cannon, John M. Kowalchuk, Tatsuro Amano, Harry B. Rossiter

  Skeletal muscle deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin concentration ([HHb]), assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), is commonly used as a surrogate of regional O-2 extraction (reflecting the O-2 delivery-to-consumption ratio, (Q) over dot/(V) over dot O-2). However, [HHb] change (Delta[HHb]) is also influenced by capillary-venous heme concentration, and/or small blood vessel volume (reflected in total heme; [THb]). We tested the hypotheses that Delta[HHb] is associated with O-2 extraction, and insensitive to [THb], over a wide range of (Q) over dot/(V) over dot O-2 elicited by passive head-up tilt (HUT; 10-min, 15 degrees increments, between -10 degrees and 75 degrees). Steady-state common femoral artery blood flow (FBF) was measured by echo-Doppler, and time-resolved NIRS measured [HHb] and [THb] of vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius (GS) in 13 men. EMG confirmed muscles were inactive. During HUT in VL [HHb] increased linearly (57 +/- 10 to 101 +/- 16 mu M; P < 0.05 above 15 degrees) and was associated (r(2) similar to 0.80) with the reduction in FBF (618 +/- 75 ml/min at 0 degrees to 268 +/- 52 ml/min at 75 degrees; P < 0.05 above 30 degrees) and the increase in [THb] (228 +/- 30 vs. 252 +/- 32 mu M; P < 0.05 above 15 degrees). GS response was qualitatively similar to VL. However, there was wide variation within and among individuals, such that the overall limits of agreement between Delta[HHb] and Delta FBF ranged from -35 to + 19% across both muscles. Neither knowledge of tissue O-2 saturation nor vascular compliance could appropriately account for the Delta[HHb]- FBF dissociation. Thus, under passive tilt, [HHb] is influenced by (Q) over dot/(V) over dot O-2, as well as microvascular hematocrit and/or tissue blood vessel volume, complicating its use as a noninvasive surrogate for muscle microvascular O-2 extraction.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2015年05月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 118(9) (9), 1091 - 1099, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Voluntary suppression of hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation mitigates the reduction in cerebral blood flow velocity during exercise in the heat

  Bun Tsuji, Yasushi Honda, Yusuke Ikebe, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Hyperthermia during prolonged exercise leads to hyperventilation, which can reduce arterial CO2 pressure (Pa-CO2) and, in turn, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and thermoregulatory response. We investigated 1) whether humans can voluntarily suppress hyperthermic hyperventilation during prolonged exercise and 2) the effects of voluntary breathing control on Pa-CO2, CBF, sweating, and skin blood flow. Twelve male subjects performed two exercise trials at 50% of peak oxygen uptake in the heat (37 degrees C, 50% relative humidity) for up to 60 min. Throughout the exercise, subjects breathed normally (normal-breathing trial) or they tried to control their minute ventilation (respiratory frequency was timed with a metronome, and target tidal volumes were displayed on a monitor) to the level reached after 5 min of exercise (controlled-breathing trial). Plotting ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses against esophageal temperature (T-es) showed that minute ventilation increased linearly with rising T-es during normal breathing, whereas controlled breathing attenuated the increased ventilation (increase in minute ventilation from the onset of controlled breathing: 7.4 vs. 1.6 l/min at +1.1 degrees C T-es; P < 0.001). Normal breathing led to decreases in estimated Pa-CO2 and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAV) with rising T-es, but controlled breathing attenuated those reductions (estimated Pa-CO2 -3.4 vs. -0.8 mmHg; MCAV -10.4 vs. -3.9 cm/s at -1.1 degrees C T-es; P = 0.002 and 0.011, respectively). Controlled breathing had no significant effect on chest sweating or forearm vascular conductance (P = 0.67 and 0.91, respectively). Our results indicate that humans can voluntarily suppress hyperthermic hyperventilation during prolonged exercise, and this suppression mitigates changes in Pa-CO2 and CBF.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2015年04月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 308(8) (8), R669 - R679, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 地域包括ケアシステム導入に関する活動分析ーその４−

  城 仁士, 彭亜楠, 藤原義章, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 真理

  本研究報告では、本事業の2年間の運営でまだ解決していない問題や今後の課題を考慮し、引き続き2014年3月から7月までの5ヶ月の事業運営過程を追跡する。その運営過程の中での課題とその対処を整理しながら、岩戸ホームと紫豊館の事業活動がケア24事業を通してどのように変化していくのかを考察することを研究の目的とする。

  神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2015年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 8(2) (2), 131 - 135, 日本語

  研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Effects of increased skin blood flow on muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation: comparison of time-resolved and continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy signals.

  Koga S, Poole DC, Kondo N, Oue A, Ohmae E, Barstow TJ

  2, 2015年02月, European journal of applied physiology, 115, 335 - 343

  [査読有り]


• Effect of voluntary hypocapnic hyperventilation on the relationship between core temperature and heat loss responses in exercising humans

  Naoto Fujii, Yasushi Honda, Ken Komura, Bun Tsuji, Akira Sugihara, Kazuhito Watanabe, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Two thermolytic thermoregulatory responses, cutaneous vasodilation and sweating, begin when core temperature reaches a critical threshold, after which response magnitudes increase linearly with increasing core temperature; thus the slope indicates response sensitivity. We evaluated the influence of hypocapnia induced by voluntary hyperventilation on the core temperature threshold and sensitivity of thermoregulatory responses. Ten healthy males performed 15 min of cycling at 117 W (29.5 degrees C, 50% RH) under three breathing conditions: 1) spontaneous ventilation, 2) voluntary normocapnic hyperventilation, and 3) voluntary hypocapnic hyperventilation. In the hypocapnic hyperventilation trial, end-tidal CO2 pressure was reduced throughout the exercise, whereas it was maintained around the normocapnic level in the other two trials. Cutaneous vascular conductances at the forearm and forehead were evaluated as laser-Doppler signal/mean arterial blood pressure, and the forearm sweat rate was measured using the ventilated capsule method. Esophageal temperature threshold was higher for the increase in cutaneous vascular conductance in the hypocapnic than normocapnic hyperventilation trial at the forearm (36.88 +/- 0.36 vs. 36.68 +/- 0.34 degrees C, P < 0.05) and forehead (36.89 +/- 0.31 vs. 36.75 +/- 0.31 degrees C, P < 0.05). The slope relating esophageal temperature to cutaneous vascular conductance was decreased in the hypocapnic than normocapnic hyperventilation trial at the forearm (302 +/- 177 vs. 420 +/- 178% baseline/degrees C, P < 0.05) and forehead (236 +/- 164 vs. 358 +/- 221% baseline/degrees C, P < 0.05). Neither the threshold nor the slope for the forearm sweat rate differed significantly between the hypocapnic or normocapnic hyperventilation trials. These findings indicate that in exercising humans, hypocapnia induced by voluntary hyperventilation does not influence sweating, but it attenuates the cutaneous vasodilatory response by increasing its threshold and reducing its sensitivity.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2014年12月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 117(11) (11), 1317 - 1324, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Muscle O-2 extraction reserve during intense cycling is site-specific

  Matthew D. Spencer, Tatsuro Amano, Narihiko Kondo, John M. Kowalchuk, Shunsaku Koga

  The present study compared peak muscle deoxygenation ([HHb](peak)) responses at three quadriceps sites during occlusion (OCC), ramp incremental (RI), severe-(SVR) and moderate-intensity (MOD) exercise. Seven healthy men (25 +/- 4 yr) each completed a stationary cycling RI (20 W/min) test to determine [HHb](peak) [at distal and proximal vastus lateralis (VLD and VLP) and rectus femoris (RF)], peak (V) over dotO(2) ((V) over dotO(2peak)), gas exchange threshold (GET), and peak work rate (WRpeak). Subjects also completed MOD (WR = 80% GET) and SVR exercise (WR corresponding to 120% (V) over dotO(2peak)) with absolute [HHb] (quantified by multichannel, time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy) and pulmonary VO2 ((V) over dotO(2p)) monitored continuously. Additionally, [HHb] and total hemoglobin ([Hb](tot)) were monitored at rest and during subsequent OCC (250 mmHg). Site-specific adipose tissue thickness was assessed (B-mode ultrasound), and its relationship with resting [Hb](tot) was used to correct absolute [HHb]. For VLD and RF, [HHb](peak) was higher (P < 0.05) during OCC (VLD = 111 +/- 38, RF = 114 +/- 26 mu M) than RI (VLD 64 +/- 14, RF = 85 +/- 20) and SVR (VLD = 63 +/- 13, RF = 81 +/- 18). [HHb](peak) was similar (P > 0.05) across these conditions at the VLP (OCC = 67 +/- 17, RI = 69 +/- 17, SVR = 63 +/- 17 mu M). [HHb] peaked and then decreased prior to exercise cessation during SVR at all three muscle sites. [HHb](peak) during MOD was consistently lower than other conditions at all sites. A "[HHb] reserve" exists during intense cycling at the VLD and RF, likely implying either sufficient blood flow to meet oxidative demands or insufficient diffusion time for complete equilibration. In VLP this [HHb] reserve was absent, suggesting that a critical PO2 may be challenged during intense cycling.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2014年11月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 117(10) (10), 1199 - 1206, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 地域包括ケアシステム導入に関する活動分析ーその３−

  城 仁士, 彭亜楠, 藤原 義章, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 真理

  本研究報告では、引き続き2013年4月から翌年2014年2月までの11ヶ月間の事業運営過程を追跡する。この追跡を通じて、試行２年目の運営過程の中で発生した様々な問題点を整理し、それらの問題点に対してどのように対処したのか記録にとどめ、今後の事業展開の参考とすることを目的とする。

  神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2014年09月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 8(1) (1), 135 - 140, 日本語

  研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Sweating response to passive stretch of the calf muscle during activation of forearm muscle metaboreceptors in heated humans

  Tatsuro Amano, Masashi Ichinose, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Shunsaku Koga, Mikio Miwa, Narihiko Kondo

  Activation of muscle metaboreceptors and mechanoreceptors has been shown to independently influence the sweating response, while their integrative control effects remain unclear. We examined the sweating response when the two muscle receptors are concurrently activated in different limbs, as well as the blood pressure response. In total, 27 young males performed passive calf muscle stretches (muscle mechanoreceptor activation) for 30 s in a semisupine position with and without postisometric handgrip exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI, muscle metaboreceptor activation) at exercise intensities of 35 and 50% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) under hot conditions (ambient temperature, 35 degrees C, relative humidity, 50%). Passive calf muscle stretching alone increased the mean sweating rate significantly on the forehead, chest, and thigh (SRmean) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), but not the heart rate (HR), from prestretching levels by 0.04 +/- 0.01 mg center dot cm(2)center dot min(-1), 4.0 +/- 1.3 mmHg (P < 0.05), and -1.0 +/- 0.5 beats/min (P > 0.05), respectively. The SRmean and MAP during PEMI were significantly higher than those at rest. The passive calf muscle stretch during PEMI increased MAP significantly by 3.4 +/- 1.0 and 2.0 +/- 0.7 mmHg for 35 and 50% of MVC, respectively (P < 0.05), but not that of SRmean or HR at either exercise intensity. These results suggest that sweating and blood pressure responses to concurrent activation of the two muscle receptors in different limbs differ and that the influence of calf muscle mechanoreceptor activation alone on the sweating response disappears during forearm muscle metaboreceptor activation.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2014年05月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 306(10) (10), R728 - R734, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 独居高齢者の実態と生活満足度に関する調査研究

  竹中 優子, 朴木 佳緒留, 岡田 修一, 井上 真理, 稲垣 成哲, 川畑 徹朗, 加藤 佳子, 近藤 徳彦, 城 仁士, 長ヶ原 誠, 平山 洋介, 増本 康平, 松岡 広路, 森岡 正芳

  2014年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 7(2) (2), 139 - 148, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• 都市部高齢化地域居住者の運動意欲に関連する要因について

  乾 順紀, 長ヶ原 誠, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 増本 康平, 竹中 優子, 朴木 佳緒留

  2014年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 7(2) (2), 1 - 10, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• 地域包括ケアシステム導入に関する活動分析ーその２ー

  城 仁士, 彭 亜楠, 藤原義章, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 真理

  本研究報告は、2012年6月から2013年3月まで、時間経過にそってケア２４の事業活動の中で生じた課題やそれへの対処を追跡した記録である。

  神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2014年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 7(2) (2), 133 - 138, 日本語

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Slowed oxygen uptake kinetics in hypoxia correlate with the transient peak and reduced spatial distribution of absolute skeletal muscle deoxygenation

  T. Scott Bowen, Harry B. Rossiter, Alan P. Benson, Tatsuro Amano, Narihiko Kondo, John M. Kowalchuk, Shunsaku Koga

  It remains unclear whether an overshoot in skeletal muscle deoxygenation (HHb; reflecting a microvascular kinetic mismatch of O-2 delivery to consumption) contributes to the slowed adjustment of oxidative energy provision at the onset of exercise. We progressively reduced the fractional inspired O-2 concentration (F-I,(O2)) to investigate the relationship between slowed pulmonary O-2 uptake ((V) over dot(O2)) kinetics and the dynamics and spatial distribution of absolute [HHb]. Seven healthy men performed 8 min cycling transitions during normoxia (F-I,(O2) = 0.21), moderate hypoxia (F-I,(O2) = 0.16) and severe hypoxia (F-I,(O2) = 0.12). (V) over dot(O2) uptake was measured using a flowmeter and gas analyser system. Absolute [HHb] was quantified by multichannel, time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy from the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis (proximal and distal regions), and corrected for adipose tissue thickness. The phase II. (V) over dot(O2) time constant was slowed (P < 0.05) as F-I,(O2) decreased (normoxia, 17 +/- 3 s; moderate hypoxia, 22 +/- 4 s; and severe hypoxia, 29 +/- 9 s). The [HHb] overshoot was unaffected by hypoxia, but the transient peak [HHb] increased with the reduction in F-I,(O2) (P < 0.05). Slowed. (V) over dot(O2) kinetics in hypoxia were positively correlated with increased peak [HHb] in the transient (r(2) = 0.45; P < 0.05), but poorly related to the [HHb] overshoot. A reduction of spatial heterogeneity in peak [HHb] was inversely correlated with slowed. (V) over dot(O2) kinetics (r(2) = 0.49; P < 0.05). These data suggest that aerobic energy provision at the onset of exercise may be limited by the following factors: (i) the absolute ratio (i. e. peak [HHb]) rather than the kinetic ratio (i. e. [HHb] overshoot) of microvascular O-2 delivery to consumption; and (ii) a reduced spatial distribution in the ratio of microvascular O-2 delivery to consumption across the muscle.

  WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013年11月, EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, 98(11) (11), 1585 - 1596, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Characteristics of sweating responses and peripheral sweat gland function during passive heating in sprinters

  Tatsuro Amano, Shunsaku Koga, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Narihiko Kondo

  The purpose of this study was to compare sweating function in sprinters who have trained for several years with untrained subjects and trained endurance runners. Two separate experiments were conducted. Nine sprinters, eight untrained men, and nine distance runners (VO2max 50.9 ± 1.4, 38.2 ± 1.8, and 59.1 ± 1.2 mL/kg/min, respectively P < 0.05) were passively heated for 50 min (Experiment 1), and ten sprinters, 11 untrained men and nine distance runners (similar VO2max levels compared with Experiment 1 in each group) had their sweat gland capacity assessed based on acetylcholine-induced sweating rate (SR) (Experiment 2). The slope of the mean non-glabrous SR plotted against change in mean body temperature during passive heating did not differ significantly between sprinters and untrained men (1.21 ± 0.10 and 0.97 ± 0.12 mg cm-2/min/ C, respectively) in contrast, compared with untrained men, distance runners exhibited a significantly greater slope (1.42 ± 0.11 mg cm-2/min/ C, P < 0.05). The mean body temperature threshold for SR was not significantly different among the groups. Acetylcholine-induced SR did not differ significantly between sprinters and untrained men, whereas distance runners showed a significantly higher induced SR compared with untrained men. The sweating function was not improved in sprinters who have trained 2-3 h/day, 5 days/week, for at least 3 years compared with untrained men, although the VO2max was markedly greater in sprinters. Thus, there is a case that daily training was not sufficient to improve sweating function in sprinters relative to those in distance runners. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

  2013年08月, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(8) (8), 2067 - 2075, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Muscle metaboreflex activation speeds the recovery of arterial blood pressure following acute hypotension in humans

  Masashi Ichinose, Kazuhito Watanabe, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  It has been suggested that the arterial baroreflex and muscle metaboreflex are both activated during heavy exercise and that they interact to modulate primary cardiovascular reflex responses. This proposed interaction and its consequences are not fully understood, however. The purpose of present study was to test our hypothesis that dynamic arterial baroreflex-mediated cardiovascular responses to acute systemic hypotension in humans are augmented when the muscle metaboreflex is active and that this results in a faster recovery of arterial blood pressure. Acute hypotension was induced nonpharmacologically in 12 healthy subjects by releasing bilateral thigh cuffs after 9 min of suprasystolic resting ischemia, with and without muscle metaboreflex activation via postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) after 1 min of isometric hand-grip exercise at 50% maximum voluntary contraction. The thigh-cuff release evoked rapid reductions in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increases in heart rate, cardiac output (Doppler), and total vascular conductance (TVC) under control conditions and during PEMI. The reductions in MAP from baseline were greater and the increases in TVC were smaller during PEMI than control. In addition, arterial baroreflex-mediated peripheral vasoconstriction was augmented during PEMI, as evidenced by a near doubling of the rate of recovery of MAP and TVC. These results show that when the muscle metaboreflex is activated in humans, arterial baroreflex-mediated peripheral vasoconstriction elicited in response to acute hypotension is augmented, which halves the time needed for MAP recovery. Such modulation of baroreflex function would be advantageous for maintaining an elevated arterial blood pressure during activation of the muscle metaboreflex.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2013年06月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 304(11) (11), H1568 - H1575, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 健康増進支援プロジェクト活動報告

  近藤 徳彦

  神戸大学, 2013年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 6(3) (3), 31 - 35, 日本語

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• 地域包括ケアシステム導入に関する活動分析

  城 仁士, 土屋 友香, 藤原義章, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 真理

  神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2013年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 6(2) (2), 71 - 76, 日本語

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• ヒトの生理機能の全身的協関 : ヒトの全身持久的運動能力と環境適応能力の進化

  古賀 俊策, 井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦

  Acquiring the ability to maintain whole-body integration of physiological-system functions during exercise enabled human beings to evolve exercise tolerance and adaptability to environment, with those who possessed this capability being able to accelerate in an integrated manner their physiological functions whose habitual status is so strongly correlated with health. In modern developed nations, however, the spread of artificial environments and comfortable living and working environments has reduced the adaptive capacity and in particular the endurance work capacity as well as adaptability to environment that human beings had historically acquired, resulting in hypokinetic diseases and maladaptation to heat.

  日本生理人類学会, 2013年, 日本生理人類学会誌, 18(4) (4), 187 - 191, 日本語


• Changes in arterial blood pressure elicited by severe passive heating at rest is associated with hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation in humans

  Naoto Fujii, Masashi Ichinose, Yasushi Honda, Bun Tsuji, Kazuhito Watanabe, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  The arterial blood pressure and ventilatory responses to severe passive heating at rest varies greatly among individuals. We tested the hypothesis that the increase in ventilation seen during severe passive heating of resting humans is associated with a decrease in arterial blood pressure. Passive heating was performed on 18 healthy males using hot water immersion to the level of the iliac crest and a water-perfused suit. We then divided the subjects into two groups: MAP(NOTINC) (n = 8), whose mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at the end of heating had increased by a parts per thousand currency sign3 mmHg, and MAP(INC) (n = 10), whose MAP increased by > 3 mmHg. Increases in esophageal temperature (T (es)) elicited by the heating were similar in the two groups (+2.3 +/- A 0.3 vs. +2.4 +/- A 0.4 A degrees C). Early during heating (increase in T (es) was < 1.5 A degrees C), MAP, minute ventilation (), and end-tidal CO2 pressure () were similar between the groups. However, during the latter part of heating (increase in T (es) was a parts per thousand yen1.5 A degrees C), the increase in and decrease in were significantly greater or tended to be greater, while the increase in MAP was significantly smaller in MAP(NOTINC) than MAP(INC). Among all subjects, heating-induced changes in significantly and negatively correlated with heating-induced changes in MAP during the latter part of heating (r = -0.52 to -0.74, P < 0.05). These results suggest that, in resting humans, 25-50 % of the variation in the magnitude of the arterial blood pressure response to severe passive heating can be explained by the magnitude of hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation.

  SPRINGER, 2013年01月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 113(1) (1), 51 - 62, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of voluntary hypocapnic hyperventilation on cutaneous circulation in resting heated humans

  Naoto Fujii, Yasushi Honda, Stephane Delliaux, Bun Tsuji, Kazuhito Watanabe, Akira Sugihara, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Fujii N, Honda Y, Delliaux S, Tsuji B, Watanabe K, Sugihara A, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. Effect of voluntary hypocapnic hyperventilation on cutaneous circulation in resting heated humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 303: R975-R983, 2012. First published September 12, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00169.2012.-Hypocapnia attenuates the sweat response normally seen in hyperthermic resting subjects, but its effect on the blood flow response in their nonglabrous skin under the same hyperthermic conditions remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether hypocapnia induced by voluntary hyperventilation affects the blood flow response to heat stress in the nonglabrous skin of resting humans. Nine healthy male subjects were passively heated using legs-only hot water immersion and a water-perfused suit, which caused esophageal temperature (T-es) to increase by as much as 1.0 degrees C. During normothermia and at +0.6 degrees C T-es and +1.0 degrees C T-es, the subjects performed two voluntary 7-min hyperventilation (minute ventilation = 40 l/min) trials (hypocapnic and eucapnic) in random order. End-tidal CO2 pressure was reduced by 23-25 torr during hypocapnic hyperventilation, but it was maintained at the spontaneous breathing level during eucapnic hyperventilation. Cutaneous blood flow was evaluated as the cutaneous red blood cell flux in the forearm (CBFforearm) or forehead (CBFforehead) and was normalized to the normothermic spontaneous breathing value. Hypocapnic hyperventilation at +0.6 degrees C T-es was associated with significantly reduced CBFforearm, compared with eucapnic hyperventilation, after 5-7 min of hyperventilation (395 to 429 vs. 487 to 525% baseline, P < 0.05). No significant difference in CBFforehead was seen during hypocapnic hyperventilation compared with eucapnic hyperventilation at +0.6 degrees C T-es or +1.0 degrees C T-es. These results suggest that in resting humans, hypocapnia achieved through voluntary hyperventilation attenuates the increase in cutaneous blood flow elicited by moderate heat stress in the nonglabrous skin of the forearm, but not the forehead.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2012年11月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 303(9) (9), R975 - R983, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Comparison of hyperthermic hyperventilation during passive heating and prolonged light and moderate exercise in the heat

  Bun Tsuji, Yasushi Honda, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Tsuji B, Honda Y, Fujii N, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. Comparison of hyperthermic hyperventilation during passive heating and prolonged light and moderate exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol 113: 1388-1397, 2012. First published August 23, 2012; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00335.2012.-Elevation of core temperature leads to increases in ventilation in both resting subjects and those engaged in prolonged exercise. We compared the characteristics of the hyperthermic hyperventilation elicited during passive heating at rest and during prolonged moderate and light exercise. Twelve healthy men performed three trials: a rest trial in which subjects were passively heated using hot-water immersion (41 degrees C) and a water-perfused suit and two exercise trials in which subjects exercised at 25% (light) or 50% (moderate) of peak oxygen uptake in the heat (37 degrees C and 50% relative humidity) after first using water immersion (18 degrees C) to reduce resting esophageal temperature (T-es). This protocol enabled detection of a T-es threshold for hyperventilation during the exercise. When minute ventilation ((V) over dotE) was expressed as a function of T-es, 9 of the 12 subjects showed T-es thresholds for hyperventilation in all trials. The T-es thresholds for increases in (V) over dotE during light and moderate exercise (37.1 +/- 0.4 and 36.9 +/- 0.4 degrees C) were both significantly lower than during rest (38.3 +/- 0.6 degrees C), but the T-es thresholds did not differ between the two exercise intensities. The sensitivity of (V) over dotE to increasing T-es (slope of the T-es-(V) over dotE relation) above the threshold was significantly lower during moderate exercise (8.7 +/- 3.5 l.min(-1).degrees C-1) than during rest (32.5 +/- 24.2 l.min(-1).degrees C-1), but the sensitivity did not differ between light (10.4 +/- 13.0 l.min(-1).degrees C-1) and moderate exercise. These results suggest the core temperature threshold for hyperthermic hyperventilation and the hyperventilatory response to increasing core temperature in passively heated subjects differs from that in exercising subjects, irrespective of whether the exercise is moderate or light.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2012年11月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 113(9) (9), 1388 - 1397, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 高齢者介護施設の住環境ニーズに関する調査研究

  城 仁士, 土屋 友香, 藤原 義章, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 真理

  神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2012年09月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 6(1) (1), 117 - 124, 日本語

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• Hyperthermia modifies muscle metaboreceptor and baroreceptor modulation of heat loss in humans

  Konrad Binder, Aaron G. Lynn, Daniel Gagnon, Narihiko Kondo, Glen P. Kenny

  Binder K, Lynn AG, Gagnon D, Kondo N, Kenny GP. Hyperthermia modifies muscle metaboreceptor and baroreceptor modulation of heat loss in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R417-R423, 2012. First published November 16, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00463.2011.-The relative influence of muscle metabo- and baroreflex activity on heat loss responses during post-isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise ischemia remains unknown, particularly under heat stress. Therefore, we examined the separate and integrated influences of metabo- and baroreceptor-mediated reflex activity on sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) under increasing levels of hyperthermia. Twelve men performed 1 min of IHG exercise at 60% of maximal voluntary contraction followed by 2 min of ischemia with simultaneous application of lower body positive pressure (LBPP, +40 mmHg), lower body negative pressure (LBNP, -20 mmHg), or no pressure (control) under no heat stress. On separate days, trials were repeated under heat stress conditions of 0.6 degrees C (moderate heat stress) and 1.4 degrees C (high heat stress) increase in esophageal temperature. For all conditions, mean arterial pressure was greater with LBPP and lower with LBNP than control during ischemia (all P <= 0.05). No differences in sweat rate were observed between pressure conditions, regardless of the level of hyperthermia (P > 0.05). Under moderate heat stress, no differences in CVC were observed between pressure conditions. However, under high heat stress, LBNP significantly reduced CVC by 21 +/- 4% (P <= 0.05) and LBPP significantly elevated CVC by 14 +/- 5% (P < 0.05) relative to control. These results show that sweating during post-IHG exercise ischemia is activated by metaboreflex stimulation, and not by baroreflexes. In contrast, our results suggest that baroreflexes can influence the metaboreflex modulation of CVC, but only at greater levels of hyperthermia.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2012年02月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 302(4) (4), R417 - R423, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Short-term exercise-heat acclimation enhances skin vasodilation but not hyperthermic hyperpnea in humans exercising in a hot environment

  Naoto Fujii, Yasushi Honda, Takeshi Ogawa, Bun Tsuji, Narihiko Kondo, Shunsaku Koga, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  We tested the hypothesis that short- term exercise- heat acclimation (EHA) attenuates hyperthermiainduced hyperventilation in humans exercising in a hot environment. Twenty- one male subjects were divided into the two groups: control (C, n = 11) and EHA (n = 10). Subjects in C performed exercise- heat tests [ cycle exercise for similar to 75 min at 58% Vover dotO(2peak) (37 degrees C, 50% relative humidity)] before and after a 6- day interval with no training, while subjects in EHA performed the tests before and after exercise training in a hot environment (37 degrees C). The training entailed four 20- min bouts of exercise at 50% Vover dotO(2peak) separated by 10 min of rest daily for 6 days. In C, comparison of the variables recorded before and after the no- training period revealed no changes. In EHA, the training increased resting plasma volume, while it reduced esophageal temperature (T-es), heart rate at rest and during exercise, and arterial blood pressure and oxygen uptake (Vover dot(O2)) during exercise. The training lowered the T-es threshold for increasing forearm vascular conductance (FVC), while it increased the slope relating FVC to T-es and the peak FVC during exercise. It also lowered minute ventilation (Vover dot(E)) during exercise, but this effect disappeared after removing the influence of Vover dot(O2) on Vover dot(E). The training did not change the slope relating ventilatory variables to T-es. We conclude that short- term EHA lowers ventilation largely by reducing metabolism, but it does not affect the sensitivity of hyperthermia- induced hyperventilation during submaximal, moderate- intensity exercise in humans.

  SPRINGER, 2012年01月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 112(1) (1), 295 - 307, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of initial core temperature on hyperthermic hyperventilation during prolonged submaximal exercise in the heat

  Bun Tsuji, Yasushi Honda, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Tsuji B, Honda Y, Fujii N, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. Effect of initial core temperature on hyperthermic hyperventilation during prolonged submaximal exercise in the heat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R94-R102, 2012. First published September 28, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00048.2011.-We investigated whether a core temperature threshold for hyperthermic hyperventilation is seen during prolonged submaximal exercise in the heat when core temperature before the exercise is reduced and whether the evoked hyperventilatory response is affected by altering the initial core temperature. Ten male subjects performed three exercise trials at 50% of peak oxygen uptake in the heat (37 degrees C and 50% relative humidity) after altering their initial esophageal temperature (T(es)). Initial T(es) was manipulated by immersion for 25 min in water at 18 degrees C (Precooling), 35 degrees C (Control), or 40 degrees C (Preheating). T(es) after the water immersion was significantly higher in the Preheating trial (37.5 +/- 0.3 degrees C) and lower in the Precooling trial (36.1 +/- 0.3 degrees C) than in the Control trial (36.9 +/- 0.3 degrees C). In the Precooling trial, minute ventilation ((V) over dotE) showed little change until T(es) reached 37.1 +/- 0.4 degrees C. Above this core temperature threshold, (V) over dotE increased linearly in proportion to increasing T(es). In the Control trial, (V) over dotE increased as T(es) increased from 37.0 degrees C to 38.6 degrees C after the onset of exercise. In the Preheating trial, (V) over dotE increased from the initially elevated levels of T(es) (from 37.6 to 38.6 degrees C) and (V) over dotE. The sensitivity of (V) over dotE to increasing T(es) above the threshold for hyperventilation (the slope of the T(es)-(V) over dotE relation) did not significantly vary across trials (Precooling trial = 10.6 +/- 5.9, Control trial = 8.7 +/- 5.1, and Preheating trial = 9.2 +/- 6.9 L.min(-1).degrees C(-1)). These results suggest that during prolonged submaximal exercise at a constant workload in humans, there is a clear core temperature threshold for hyperthermic hyperventilation and that the evoked hyperventilatory response is unaffected by altering initial core temperature.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2012年01月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 302(1) (1), R94 - R102, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of CO₂ on the ventilatory sensitivity to rising body temperature during exercise

  Hayashi K, Honda Y, Miyakawa N, Fujii N, Ichinose M, Koga S, Narihiko Kondo, Nishiyasu T

  2012年, J Appl Physiol, 110(5):1334-41, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• A model of heat and moisture transfer in and around clothing, coupled with a human thermal model for the analysis of the transient state, including the process of sweat evaporation

  Satoru Takada, Mari Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  2012年, Proceedings of the 9th International Meeting for Manikins and Modeling, pp.70-75

  研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）


• The relationship between muscle deoxygenation and activation in different muscles of the quadriceps during cycle ramp exercise

  Lisa M. K. Chin, John M. Kowalchuk, Thomas J. Barstow, Narihiko Kondo, Tatsuro Amano, Tomoyuki Shiojiri, Shunsaku Koga

  Chin LM, Kowalchuk JM, Barstow TJ, Kondo N, Amano T, Shiojiri T, Koga S. The relationship between muscle deoxygenation and activation in different muscles of the quadriceps during cycle ramp exercise. J Appl Physiol 111: 1259-1265, 2011. First published July 28, 2011; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01216.2010.-The relationship between muscle deoxygenation and activation was examined in three different muscles of the quadriceps during cycling ramp exercise. Seven young male adults (24 +/- 3 yr; mean +/- SD) pedaled at 60 rpm to exhaustion, with a work rate (WR) increase of 20 W/min. Pulmonary oxygen uptake was measured breath-by-breath, while muscle deoxygenation (HHb) and activity were measured by time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and surface electromyography (EMG), respectively, at the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM). Muscle deoxygenation was corrected for adipose tissue thickness and normalized to the amplitude of the HHb response, while EMG signals were integrated (iEMG) and normalized to the maximum iEMG determined from maximal voluntary contractions. Muscle deoxygenation and activation were then plotted as a percentage of maximal work rate (%WR(max)). The HHb response for all three muscle groups was fitted by a sigmoid function, which was determined as the best fitting model. The c/d parameter for the sigmoid fit (representing the %WR(max) at 50% of the total amplitude of the HHb response) was similar between VL (47 +/- 12% WR(max)) and VM (43 +/- 11% WR(max)), yet greater (P < 0.05) for RF (65 +/- 13% WR(max)), demonstrating a "right shift" of the HHb response compared with VL and VM. The iEMG also showed that muscle activation of the RF muscle was lower (P < 0.05) compared with VL and VM throughout the majority of the ramp exercise, which may explain the different HHb response in RF. Therefore, these data suggest that the sigmoid function can be used to model the HHb response in different muscles of the quadriceps; however, simultaneous measures of muscle activation are also needed for the HHb response to be properly interpreted during cycle ramp exercise.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2011年11月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 111(5) (5), 1259 - 1265, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Sweating responses and the muscle metaboreflex under mildly hyperthermic conditions in sprinters and distance runners

  Tatsuro Amano, Masashi Ichinose, Shunsaku Koga, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Narihiko Kondo

  Amano T, Ichinose M, Koga S, Inoue Y, Nishiyasu T, Kondo N. Sweating responses and the muscle metaboreflex under mildly hyperthermic conditions in sprinters and distance runners. J Appl Physiol 111: 524-529, 2011. First published June 9, 2011; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00212.2011.-To investigate the effects of different training methods on nonthermal sweating during activation of the muscle metaboreflex, we compared sweating responses during postexercise muscle occlusion in endurance runners, sprinters, and untrained men under mild hyperthermia (ambient temperature, 35 C; relative humidity, 50%). Ten endurance runners, nine sprinters, and ten untrained men (maximal oxygen uptakes: 57.5 +/- 1.5, 49.3 +/- 1.5, and 36.6 +/- 1.6 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), respectively; P < 0.05) performed an isometric handgrip exercise at 40% maximal voluntary contraction for 2 min, and then a pressure of 280 mmHg was applied to the forearm to occlude blood circulation for 2 min. The Delta change in mean arterial blood pressure between the resting level and the occlusion was significantly higher in sprinters than in untrained men (32.2 +/- 4.4 vs. 17.3 +/- 2.6 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.05); however, no difference was observed between distance runners and untrained men. The Delta mean sweating rate (averaged value of the forehead, chest, forearm, and thigh) during the occlusion was significantly higher in distance runners than in sprinters and untrained men (0.38 +/- 0.07, 0.19 +/- 0.03, and 0.11 +/- 0.04 mg.cm(-2).min(-1), respectively; P < 0.05) and did not differ between sprinters and untrained men. Our results suggest that the specificity of training modalities influences the sweating response during activation of the muscle metaboreflex. In addition, these results imply that a greater activation of the muscle metaboreflex does not cause a greater sweating response in sprinters.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2011年08月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 111(2) (2), 524 - 529, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Methodological validation of the dynamic heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation within the quadriceps during cycle exercise

  Shunsaku Koga, David C. Poole, Yoshiyuki Fukuoka, Leonardo F. Ferreira, Narihiko Kondo, Etsuko Ohmae, Thomas J. Barstow

  Koga S, Poole DC, Fukuoka Y, Ferreira LF, Kondo N, Ohmae E, Barstow TJ. Methodological validation of the dynamic heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation within the quadriceps during cycle exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301: R534-R541, 2011. First published June 1, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00101.2011.-The conventional continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) has enabled identification of regional differences in muscle deoxygenation following onset of exercise. However, assumptions of constant optical factors (e. g., path length) used to convert the relative changes in CW-NIRS signal intensity to values of relative concentration, bring the validity of such measurements into question. Furthermore, to justify comparisons among sites and subjects, it is essential to correct the amplitude of deoxygenated hemoglobin plus myoglobin [deoxy(Hb + Mb)] for the adipose tissue thickness (ATT). We used two time-resolved NIRS systems to measure the distribution of the optical factors directly, thereby enabling the determination of the absolute concentrations of deoxy(Hb + Mb) simultaneously at the distal and proximal sites within the vastus lateralis (VL) and the rectus femoris muscles. Eight subjects performed cycle exercise transitions from unloaded to heavy work rates (> gas exchange threshold). Following exercise onset, the ATT-corrected amplitudes (A(p)), time delay (TDp), and time constant (tau(p)) of the primary component kinetics in muscle deoxy(Hb + Mb) were spatially heterogeneous (intersite coefficient of variation range for the subjects: 10-50 for A(p), 16-58 for TDp, 14-108% for tau(p)). The absolute and relative amplitudes of the deoxy(Hb + Mb) responses were highly dependent on ATT, both within subjects and between measurement sites. The present results suggest that regional heterogeneity in the magnitude and temporal profile of muscle deoxygenation is a consequence of differential matching of O-2 delivery and O-2 utilization, not an artifact caused by changes in optical properties of the tissue during exercise or variability in the overlying adipose tissue.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2011年08月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 301(2) (2), R534 - R541, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Changes in eccrine sweating on the glabrous skin of the palm and finger during isometric exercise

  T. Amano, Y. Kato, C. A. Machado-Moreira, N. A. Taylor, Y. Inoue, T. Nishiyasu, N. Kondo

  Aim: The goals of this study were to investigate changes in the sweating and cutaneous vascular responses on the palm and the volar aspect of the index finger during sustained static exercise of increasing intensity and to determine whether the former can be attributed to altered sweat gland activity. Methods: Five male and five female subjects performed maximal voluntary handgrip contractions (MVC: right hand) for 60 s at 20, 35 and 50% MVC (ambient temperature 25 degrees C, relative humidity 50%). Results: The sweat rate and the number of activated sweat glands on the non-exercised hand showed intensity-dependent increases (P < 0.05). At 35 and 50% MVC, finger sweat secretion was significantly higher than on the palm, which was primarily associated with the number of activated sweat glands (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a marked simultaneous decrease in the cutaneous vascular conductance for the finger at 35 and 50% MVC (P < 0.05), but not for the palm. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a difference exists between intensity-dependent increases of sudomotor responses within more than one glabrous skin site. Specifically, markedly greater sweating occurs on the volar finger than on the palmar surface during sustained static exercise. These differences in sweat rate mainly resulted from changes in the number of activated sweat glands. In addition, intra-segment variations in cutaneous blood flow on the glabrous hand are shown.

  WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011年08月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, 202(4) (4), 649 - 655, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of CO2 on the ventilatory sensitivity to rising body temperature during exercise

  Keiji Hayashi, Yasushi Honda, Natsuki Miyakawa, Naoto Fujii, Masashi Ichinose, Shunsaku Koga, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Hayashi K, Honda Y, Miyakawa N, Fujii N, Ichinose M, Koga S, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. Effect of CO2 on the ventilatory sensitivity to rising body temperature during exercise. J Appl Physiol 110: 1334-1341, 2011. First published March 10, 2011; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00010.2010.-We examined the degree to which ventilatory sensitivity to rising body temperature (the slope of the regression line relating ventilation and body temperature) is altered by restoration of arterial PCO2 to the eucapnic level during prolonged exercise in the heat. Thirteen subjects exercised for similar to 60 min on a cycle ergometer at 50% of peak O-2 uptake with and without inhalation of CO2-enriched air. Subjects began breathing CO2-enriched air at the point that end-tidal PCO2 started to decline. Esophageal temperature (T-es), minute ventilation ((V) over dot E), tidal volume (V-T), respiratory frequency (f(R)), respiratory gases, middle cerebral artery blood velocity, and arterial blood pressure were recorded continuously. When V. E, VT, fR, and ventilatory equivalents for O-2 uptake ((V) over dot E/(V) over dot O-2) and CO2 output ((V) over dot E/(V) over dot CO2) were plotted against changes in Tes from the start of the CO2-enriched air inhalation (Delta T-es), the slopes of the regression lines relating (V) over dot E, VT, (V) over dot E/(V) over dot O-2, and (V) over dot E/(V) over dot CO2 to Delta T-es (ventilatory sensitivity to rising body temperature) were significantly greater when subjects breathed CO2 enriched air than when they breathed room air ((V) over dot E: 19.8 +/- 10.3 vs. 8.9 +/- 6.7 l . min(-1) . degrees C (-1), VT: 18 +/- 120 vs. -81 +/- 92 ml/degrees C; (V) over dot E/(V) over dot O-2: 7.4 +/- 5.5 vs. 2.6 +/- 2.3 units/degrees C, and (V) over dot E/(V) over dot CO2: 7.6 +/- 6.6 vs. 3.4 +/- 2.8 units/degrees C). The increase in (V) over dot E was accompanied by increases in V-T and f(R). These results suggest that restoration of arterial PCO2 to nearly eucapnic levels increases ventilatory sensitivity to rising body temperature by around threefold.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2011年05月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 110(5) (5), 1334 - 1341, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 1-B-03 Effect of pre-exercise core temperature on circadian variation in hyperthermic hyperventilation during exercise(The Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meetings of Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology August 25・26, (Tokushima)) :

  TSUJI Bun, FUJII Naoto, KONDO Narihiko, NISHIYASU Takeshi

  Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology, 2011年, Advances in exercise and sports physiology, 17(2) (2), 56 - 56, 英語


• 運動時における発汗調節特性とそれを収縮する要因（ワークショップ）

  近藤 徳彦, 井上芳光

  2011年, 発汗学, 18(2) (2), 80 - 81, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• ヒトの発汗調節特性と部位差

  近藤 徳彦, 井上芳光, Havenith G, Machad-Moreira CA, Taylor NS

  2011年, 繊維機械学会誌, 64, 25 - 31, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• エネルギー代謝と運動時の体温調節

  近藤 徳彦, Kenny GP, 天野達郎, 藤井直人, 西保 岳

  (株)杏林書院, 2011年, 体育の科学, 61(8) (8), 589 - 594, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Sex differences in the effects of physical training on sweat gland responses during a graded exercise

  Tomoko Ichinose-Kuwahara, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Yoshiko Iseki, Sachi Hara, Yukio Ogura, Narihiko Kondo

  We assessed sex differences in the sweat gland response to changes in exercise intensity with respect to subjects' physical training status. In total, 37 subjects participated (10 trained and 10 untrained females, and 8 trained and 9 untrained males). Each subject cycled continuously at 35, 50 and 65% of their maximal O(2) uptake ((V)over dot O(2max)) for 60 min at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C and a relative humidity of 45%. The mean local sweating rate (SR) on the forehead, chest, back, forearm and thigh was significantly greater in the trained subjects than in the untrained subjects of both sexes. The degree of the increase in SR with physical training was greater in males than in females at higher levels of exercise intensity. This increase in SR depended primarily on an increase in the sweat output per gland (SGO) in both sexes. However, control of the SR increase with increasing exercise intensity was altered by training in females, i.e. the increase in SR from exercise at 50 to 65% (V)over dot O(2max) depended only on an increase in SGO in trained females and males and untrained males, but it depended on increases in activated sweat glands and the SGO in untrained females. It was concluded that training improved the sweating response, and a sex difference was observed in the degree of improvement in the sweating response due to physical training. This sex difference became more pronounced with increasing exercise intensity. A sex difference was observed in the control of sweating rate to an increase in exercise intensity, i.e. the maximal activated sweat gland responses of untrained females required a higher body temperature or work intensity than the other groups.

  WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010年10月, EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, 95(10) (10), 1026 - 1032, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Non-thermal modification of heat-loss responses during exercise in humans

  Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Shunsaku Koga

  This review focuses on the characteristics of heat-loss responses during exercise with respect to non-thermal factors. In addition, the effects of physical training on non-thermal heat-loss responses are discussed. When a subject is already sweating the sweating rate increases at the onset of dynamic exercise without changes in core temperature, while cutaneous vascular conductance (skin blood flow) is temporarily decreased. Although exercise per se does not affect the threshold for the onset of sweating, it is possible that an increase in exercise intensity induces a higher sensitivity of the sweating response. Exercise increases the threshold for cutaneous vasodilation, and at higher exercise intensities, the sensitivity of the skin-blood-flow response decreases. Facilitation of the sweating response with increased exercise intensity may be due to central command, peripheral reflexes in the exercising muscle, and mental stimuli, whereas the attenuation of skin-blood-flow responses with decreased cutaneous vasodilation is related to many non-thermal factors. Most non-thermal factors have negative effects on magnitude of cutaneous vasodilation; however, several of these factors have positive effects on the sweating response. Moreover, thermal and non-thermal factors interact in controlling heat-loss responses, with non-thermal factors having a greater impact until core temperature elevations become significant, after which core temperature primarily would control heat loss. Finally, as with thermally induced sweating responses, physical training seems to also affect sweating responses governed by non-thermal factors.

  SPRINGER, 2010年10月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 110(3) (3), 447 - 458, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 中枢性疲労と体温上昇時の換気亢進反応

  藤井直人, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  2010年, 体育の科学, 60, 824-827, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 快適なキャビンを実現するための評価批評の開発

  吉澤公理, 高橋美晴, 平尾章成, 江上真弘, 近藤 徳彦

  2010年, 自動車技術会秋季大会学術講演会Proceedings, 104-10, 7 - 12, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）


• Active Muscle Oxygenation Dynamics Measured During High-Intensity Exercise by Using Two Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Methods

  Tadashi Saitoh, Anna Oue, Narihiko Kondo, Kyuichi Niizeki, Shunsaku Koga

  Near-infrared spectroscopy is a noninvasive optical technique used to monitor tissue oxygenation. Generally, the modified Beer-Lambert's law (MBL) using continuous-wave light has been used to measure active muscle oxygenation during exercise; however, it cannot measure absolute changes in the oxy- (oxy-[Hb + Mb]), deoxy- (deoxy-[Hb + Mb]), and total hemoglobin/myoglobin concentrations (total-[Hb + Mb]) because the pathlength and scattering coefficient are not measured. In contrast, the time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) using a ultra short pulsed laser can be used to determine absolute changes in the concentration, although the temporal resolution is inferior to that in MBL. This study evaluated the absolute changes in active muscle oxygenation and the optical mean pathlength and scattering and absorption coefficient during high-intensity exercise by using the TRS system. In addition, the difference between the changes determined using TRS and MBL measurements was assessed. When the TRS and MBL measurements obtained during high-intensity exercise were compared, the total-[Hb + Mb] and oxy-[Hb + Mb] dynamics differed markedly during high-intensity exercise, while the deoxy[Hb + Mb] dynamics and kinetics did not differ.

  SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, 2010年, OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XXXI, 662, 225 - 230, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The cross-sectional relationships among hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation, peak oxygen consumption, and the cutaneous vasodilatory response during exercise

  Keiji Hayashi, Yasushi Honda, Takeshi Ogawa, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  To test the hypothesis that the hyperthermia-induced ventilatory response relates to aerobic power and/or the cutaneous vasodilatory response during exercise, we asked 18 subjects to perform 3 kinds of exercise: an incremental exercise to determine peak oxygen consumption ((V) over dotO(2peak)), a steady state exercise at 50% of (V) over dotO(2peak) to determine the ventilatory response to increasing body temperature, and a steady state exercise at 60% of (V) over dotO(2peak) to determine the cutaneous vasodilatory response to increasing body temperature. The ventilatory and cutaneous vasodilatory responses were evaluated by plotting the increase in minute ventilation or in forearm vascular conductance against the increase in oesophageal temperature. Regression analysis revealed that: (1) there was a negative relationship between the hyperthermic ventilatory response and cutaneous vasodilatory response, (2) there was a negative relationship between the hyperthermic ventilatory response and (V) over dotO(2peak), and (3) there was a positive relationship between the cutaneous vasodilatory response and (V) over dotO(2peak). These results support our hypothesis and suggest that exercise training suppresses the hyperthermic ventilatory response and improves the thermoregulatory response.

  SPRINGER, 2009年11月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 107(5) (5), 527 - 534, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of prior heavy exercise on heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation kinetics during subsequent heavy exercise

  Tadashi Saitoh, Leonardo F. Ferreira, Thomas J. Barstow, David C. Poole, Anna Ooue, Narihiko Kondo, Shunsaku Koga

  Saitoh T, Ferreira LF, Barstow TJ, Poole DC, Ooue A, Kondo N, Koga S. Effects of prior heavy exercise on heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation kinetics during subsequent heavy exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R615-R621, 2009. First published June 17, 2009; doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00048.2009.-We investigated the effects of prior heavy exercise on the spatial heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation kinetics and the relationship to the pulmonary O(2) uptake (p(V) over dot(O2)) kinetics during subsequent heavy exercise. Seven healthy men completed two 6-min bouts of heavy work rate cycling exercise, separated by 6 min of unloaded exercise. The changes in the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (Delta deoxy-[Hb + Mb]) were assessed simultaneously at 10 different sites on the rectus femoris muscle using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy. Prior exercise had no effect on either the time constant or the amplitude of the primary component p(V) over dot(O2), whereas it reduced the amplitude of the slow component (SC). Delta Deoxy-[Hb + Mb] across all 10 sites for bout 2 displayed a shorter time delay (mean and SD for subjects: 13.5 +/- 1.3 vs. 9.3 +/- 1.4 s; P < 0.01) and slower primary component time constant (tau : 9.3 +/- 1.3 vs. 17.8 +/- 1.0 s; P < 0.01) compared with bout 1. Prior exercise significantly reduced both the intersite coefficient of variation (CV) of the tau of Delta deoxy-[Hb + Mb] (26.6 +/- 11.8 vs. 13.7 +/- 5.6%; P < 0.01) and the point-by-point heterogeneity [root mean square error (RMSE)] during the primary component in the second bout. However, neither the change in the CV for tau nor RMSE of Delta deoxy-[Hb + Mb] correlated with the reduction in the SC in p(V) over dot(O2) kinetics during subsequent heavy exercise. In conclusion, prior exercise reduced the spatial heterogeneity of the primary component of muscle deoxygenation kinetics. This effect was not correlated with alterations in the p(V) over dot(O2) response during subsequent heavy exercise.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2009年09月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 297(3) (3), R615 - R621, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 素材の吸湿性・吸水性の有無がタイトフィットスポーツ ウェア着用時における運動時の衣服内気候に及ぼす影響

  井上 真理, 大上 安奈, 近藤 徳彦

  2009年06月, デサントスポーツ科学, 第30巻,pp. 33-44, 日本語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 04-28-西体-17 全身冷却時における上腕部の導管動脈血流と前腕および手掌の皮膚血流との関連(04.運動生理学,一般研究発表抄録,ひろしま発 ひとを育む体育・スポーツ)

  大上 安奈, 西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦

  社団法人日本体育学会, 2009年, 日本体育学会大会予稿集, 60, 142 - 142, 日本語


• 活動筋の酸素供給と消費の過渡応答を非侵襲計測するシステムの開発

  古賀俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 福場良之, 福岡義之, 斉藤 直

  石本記念デサントスポ-ツ科学振興財団事務局, 2009年, デサントスポーツ科学, 30, 156 - 162, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Thermoregulatory adaptation in humans and its modifying factors (review).

  近藤 徳彦, Taylor NAS, Shibasaki M, Aoki K, Muhamed AMC

  2009年, Global Environmental Research, 13, 35 - 41, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Enhanced heat loss responses induced by short-term endurance training in exercising women

  Tomoko K. Ichinose, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Mari Hirata, A. K. M. Shamsuddin, Narihiko Kondo

  We investigated the effects of short-term endurance training and detraining on sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during exercise in young women, taking into account changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V(O2max)) and the phase of the menstrual cycle. Eleven untrained women participated in endurance training; cycle exercise at similar to 60%. V(O2max) for 60min day(-1), 4-5 days week(-1) (30 degrees C, 45% relative humidity) for three complete menstrual cycles. The standard exercise test consisted of exercise at 50%. V(O2max) for 30min (25 degrees C, 45% relative humidity), and was conducted before training (Pre), during training sessions (T1, T2 and T3) and after cessation of training (D1 and D2). Values of. V(O2max) increased significantly from 32.7 +/- 1.2 to 37.8 +/- 1.2 ml min(-1) kg(-1) at the end of the training. Local sweat rate in the chest and thigh, but not in the back and forearm, were significantly greater during T1 and T2 only in women who started training from the midfollicular phase. Cutaneous blood flow did not change with training. The threshold oesophageal temperatures for heat loss responses were significantly decreased during T1 versus Pre (averaged values for each body site: sweating, 37.49 +/- 0.08 versus 37.22 +/- 0.12 degrees C; and cutaneous vasodilatation, 37.40 +/- 0.07 versus 37.17 +/- 0.10 degrees C) and maintained through T3; the sensitivities of heat loss responses were not altered. These changes returned to the Pre level by D1. Our data indicate that physical training improves heat loss responses by decreasing the threshold temperatures and that these effects occur within a month of training and disappear within a month after cessation of training. The degree of increase in sweating with training differs among body sites and might be affected by the phase of the menstrual cycle.

  WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2009年01月, EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, 94(1) (1), 90 - 102, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Cutaneous vasodilation response to a linear increase in air temperature from 28ºC to 40ºC in prepubertal boys and young men.

  Inoue Y, Ichinose TK, Nakamura S, Ueda H, Yasumatsu H, 近藤 徳彦, Araki T

  The cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses of prepubertal children to heat stress were examined. Seven prepubertal boys (9-11 years old) and 9 young men (20-24 years old) were seated wearing only swimming trunks while the air temperature (Ta) was linearly increased from 28°C to 40°C over 50 min and then maintained at 40°C for an additional 10 min. Skin temperature, cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC), and local sweating rate (msw) were measured at multiple sites on the body. The boys had a significantly greater mean surface area-to-mass ratio compared with the young men. The rectal temperature did not change in either group with increasing Ta, although it was significantly higher in the boys. During the first half of the exposure period, when Ta was less than the mean skin temperature (Tsk), the boys had significantly higher CVC on the chest and significantly lower msw on the chest and thigh as compared with the young men. During the latter half of the exposure, when heat stress was increased as Ta exceeded Tsk, the boys had significantly higher Tsk, greater CVC on the chest and finger, greater rate of increase in the CVC on the forehead and finger, lower msw on the chest and thigh, greater increase in heart rate, and higher thermal sensation. The mean body temperature at the onset of sweating was significantly greater in the boys than in the men. These results suggest that, compared with young men, prepubertal boys manifest greater physiological and perceptual strain under heat stress induced by Ta exceeding Tsk, which is most probably attributable to a combination of lower evaporative heat loss, as evidenced by lower msw, and greater heat gain owing to a larger surface areato-mass ratio. The maturation-related differences in heat loss responses vary according to body site.

  2009年, J Physiol Anthropol, 28(3) (3), 137 - 144, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Cutaneous vasodilation response to a linear increase in air temperature from 28°C to 40°C in prepubertal boys and young men

  Yoshimitsu Inoue, Tomoko Ichinose-Kuwahara, Syunichi Nakamura, Hiroyuki Ueda, Hideshi Yasumatsu, Narihiko Kondo, Tsutomu Araki

  The cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses of prepubertal children to heat stress were examined. Seven prepubertal boys (9-11 years old) and 9 young men (20-24 years old) were seated wearing only swimming trunks while the air temperature (Ta) was linearly increased from 28°C to 40°C over 50 min and then maintained at 40°C for an additional 10 min. Skin temperature, cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC), and local sweating rate (msw) were measured at multiple sites on the body. The boys had a significantly greater mean surface area-to-mass ratio compared with the young men. The rectal temperature did not change in either group with increasing Ta, although it was significantly higher in the boys. During the first half of the exposure period, when Ta was less than the mean skin temperature (Tsk), the boys had significantly higher CVC on the chest and significantly lower msw on the chest and thigh as compared with the young men. During the latter half of the exposure, when heat stress was increased as Ta exceeded Tsk, the boys had significantly higher Tsk, greater CVC on the chest and finger, greater rate of increase in the CVC on the forehead and finger, lower msw on the chest and thigh, greater increase in heart rate, and higher thermal sensation. The mean body temperature at the onset of sweating was significantly greater in the boys than in the men. These results suggest that, compared with young men, prepubertal boys manifest greater physiological and perceptual strain under heat stress induced by Ta exceeding Tsk, which is most probably attributable to a combination of lower evaporative heat loss, as evidenced by lower msw, and greater heat gain owing to a larger surface areato-mass ratio. The maturation-related differences in heat loss responses vary according to body site.

  2009年, Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 28(3) (3), 137 - 144, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 360. 暑熱下運動時における換気亢進反応の深部体温閾値に関する研究(環境,一般口演,第63回日本体力医学会大会)

  辻, 文, 藤井, 直人, 近藤, 徳彦, 西保, 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2008年12月, 体力科學, 57(6) (6), 812, 日本語

  研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）


• Baroreflex and Muscle Metaboreflex: Control of Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity

  Masashi Ichinose, Mitsuru Saito, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  During heavy exercise, the arterial baroreflex and the reflexes evoked by the activation of those afferent nerve endings in the working skeletal muscles that are sensitive to metabolic changes (the so-called muscle metaboreflex) are hypothesized to be activated and, moreover, to interact in ways that lead to the modulation of the primary cardiovascular reflex responses. For the past few years, our group has been investigating the interaction between the arterial baroreflex and the muscle metaboreflex. We have focused our efforts in identifying the effects of muscle metaboreflex activation on the arterial baroreflex regulation of the cardiovascular hemodynamics and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in humans. In a series of studies, we have found that during muscle metaboreflex activation, dynamic carotid baroreflex responses are modulated, as exemplified by the augmentation of the MSNA, leg vascular conductance and blood pressure responses to carotid baroreflex unloading and the shorter suppression period of MSNA, diminished vasodilation, and reduced blood pressure response to carotid baroreflex stimulation. Furthermore, we have found that the modification of the arterial baroreflex-mediated beat-to-beat control of MSNA, which is seen during activation of tire muscle metaboreflex (i.e., resetting and an increase in sensitivity), could be a consequence of the alteration in the arterial baroreflex control of both the occurrence and strength of the MSNA burst. In addition, we have demonstrated that the arterial baroreflex beat-to-beat control of MSNA is tune-dependently modulated during isometric exercise. We suggest that the modulation of arterial baroreflex function during the activation of muscle metaboreflex is one of the mechanisms for increasing, or maintaining, blood pressure at the required pressure and thereby contributes to the regulation of the cardiovascular system during exercise.

  LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2008年12月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 40(12) (12), 2037 - 2045, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of hypohydration on hyperthermic hyperpnea and cutaneous vasodilation during exercise in men

  Naoto Fujii, Yasushi Honda, Keiji Hayashi, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Fujii N, Honda Y, Hayashi K, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. Effect of hypohydration on hyperthermic hyperpnea and cutaneous vasodilation during exercise in men. J Appl Physiol 105: 1509-1518, 2008. First published September 11, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01206.2007.-We tested the hypothesis that, in humans, hypohydration attenuates hyperthermic hyperpnea during exercise in the heat. On two separate occasions, thirteen male subjects performed a fluid replacement (FR) and a no-fluid replacement (NFR) trial in random order. The subjects performed two bouts of cycle exercise (Ex1 and Ex2, 30-60 min) at 50% peak oxygen uptake ((V) over doto(2peak)) in 35 degrees C separated by a 70- to 80-min rest period, during which they drank water containing 25 mosmol/l sodium in the FR trial but not the NFR trial. The drinking in the FR trial nearly restored the body fluid to the euhydrated condition, so that the body fluid status differed between the trials before Ex2 (the difference in plasma osmolality before Ex2 was 9.4 mosmol/kgH(2)O; plasma volume was 7.6%, and body weight was 2.5%). The slopes of the linear relationships between ventilatory variables (minute ventilation, ventilatory equivalents for oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output, tidal volume, respiratory frequency, and end-tidal CO2 pressure) and esophageal temperature (T-es) did not significantly differ between Ex1 and Ex2, or between the FR and NFR trials. On the other hand, during Ex2 in the NFR trial, the T-es threshold for the onset of increased forearm vascular conductance (FVC) was higher, and the slope and peak values of the relationship between FVC and T-es were lower than during Ex1 in the NFR trial and during Ex2 in the FR trial. These findings suggest that hypohydration does not affect the hyperthermic hyperpnea during exercise, although it markedly attenuates the cutaneous vasodilatory response.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2008年11月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 105(5) (5), 1509 - 1518, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of chemoreflexes on hyperthermic hyperventilation and cerebral blood velocity in resting heated humans

  Naoto Fujii, Yasushi Honda, Keiji Hayashi, Narihiko Kondo, Shunsaku Koga, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  We tested the hypothesis that hyperthermic hyperventilation in part reflects enhanced chemoreceptor ventilatory O(2) drive, and that the resultant hypocapnia attenuates ventilatory responses and/or middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCAV(mean)) in resting humans. Eleven healthy subjects were passively heated for 50-80 min, causing oesophageal temperature (T(oes)) to increase by 1.6 degrees C. During heating, minute ventilation ((V) over dot(E)) increased (P < 0.05), while end-tidal CO(2) pressure (P(ET,CO2)) and MCAV(mean) declined. A hyperoxia test in which three breaths of hyperoxic air were inspired was performed once before heating and three times during the heating. When we observed hypocapnia (P(ET,CO2) below 40 mmHg), P(ET,CO2) was restored to the eucapnic level by adding 100% CO(2) to the inspired air immediately before the last two tests. Minute ventilation was significantly reduced by hyperoxia, and that reduction gradually increased with increasing T(oes). However, the percentage decrease in (V) over dot(E) from the normoxic level was small (20-29%) and unchanged during heating. When P(ET,CO2) was restored to eucapnic levels, (V) over dot(E) was unchanged, but MCAV(mean) was partly restored to the level seen prior to heating (28.1% restoration at T(oes) 37.6 degrees C and 38.1% restoration at T(oes) 38.0 degrees C). These findings suggest that although hyperthermia increases chemoreceptor ventilatory O(2) drive in resting humans, the relative contribution of the chemoreceptor ventilatory O(2) drive to hyperthermic hyperventilation is small (similar to 20%) and unaffected by increasing core temperature. Moreover, hypocapnia induced by hyperthermic hyperventilation reduces cerebral blood flow but not ventilatory responses.

  WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2008年08月, EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, 93(8) (8), 994 - 1001, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Modulation of the control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during incremental leg cycling

  Masashi Ichinose, Mitsuru Saito, Naoto Fujii, Takeshi Ogawa, Keiji Hayashi, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  We tested the hypotheses that arterial baroreflex (ABR) control over muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in humans does not remain constant throughout a bout of leg cycling ranging in intensity from very mild to exhausting. ABR control over MSNA (burst incidence, burst strength and total MSNA) was evaluated by analysing the relationship between beat-to-beat spontaneous variations in diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and MSNA in 15 healthy subjects at rest and during leg cycling in a seated position at five workloads: very mild (10 W), mild (82 +/- 5.0 W), moderate (126 +/- 10.2 W), heavy (156 +/- 14.3 W), and exhausting (190 +/- 21.2 W). The workload was incremented every 6 min. The linear relationships between DAP and MSNA variables were significantly shifted downward during very mild exercise, but then shifted progressively upward as exercise intensity increased. During heavy and exhausting exercise, moreover, the DAP-MSNA relationships were also significantly shifted rightward from the resting relationship. The sensitivity of ABR control over burst incidence and total MSNA was significantly lower during very mild exercise than during rest, and the sensitivity of the burst incidence control remained lower than the resting level at all higher exercise intensities. By contrast, the sensitivity of the total MSNA control recovered to the resting level during mild and moderate exercise, and was significantly increased during heavy and exhausting exercise (versus rest). We conclude that, in humans, ABR control over MSNA is not uniform throughout a leg cycling exercise protocol in which intensity was varied from very mild to exhausting. We suggest that this non-uniformity of ABR function is one of the mechanisms by which sympathetic and cardiovascular responses are matched to the exercise intensity.

  WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2008年06月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 586(11) (11), 2753 - 2766, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Changes in blood flow in conduit artery and veins of the upper arm during leg exercise in humans

  Anna Ooue, Tomoko K. Ichinose, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Shunsaku Koga, Narihiko Kondo

  This study investigated changes in blood flow in the conduit artery, superficial vein, and deep vein of the upper arm during increase in internal temperature due to leg cycling. Additionally, we sought to demonstrate the contributions of blood velocity and vessel diameter on blood flow responses. Fourteen subjects performed supine cycling exercise at 60-69% maximal oxygen uptake for 30 min at an ambient temperature of 28 degrees C and relative humidity of 50%. Blood velocity and diameter in the brachial artery, basilic vein (superficial vein), and brachial vein (deep vein) were measured using ultrasound Doppler, and blood flow was calculated. Blood flow in the artery and superficial vein increased linearly with rising oesophageal temperature (Delta T-oes) after Delta T-oes was about 0.3 degrees C (within threshold), as well as cutaneous vascular conductance on the forearm. Changes in blood velocity in these vessels were similar to those in blood flow. Conversely, the brachial artery and superficial vein diameter did not affect the blood flow response. Blood flow variables in the deep vein did not change remarkably with rising Delta T-oes. These results suggest that blood flow response, by an increase in velocity, in the conduit artery with rising Delta T-oes during exercise is similar to that in the superficial vein, but not deep vein. Also, it is indicated that these increases in blood flow relate to the increase in skin blood flow on the forearm with the rise in body temperature during exercise.

  SPRINGER, 2008年06月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 103(3) (3), 367 - 373, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Comparison of hyperthermic hyperpnea elicited during rest and submaximal, moderate-intensity exercise

  Naoto Fujii, Yasushi Honda, Keiji Hayashi, Hideaki Soya, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  We tested the hypothesis that, in humans, hyperthermic hyperpnea elicited in resting subjects differs from that elicited during submaximal, moderate-intensity exercise. In the rest trial, hot-water legs-only immersion and a waterperfused suit were used to increase esophageal temperature (T-es) in 19 healthy male subjects; in the exercise trial, T-es was increased by prolonged submaximal cycling [50% peak O-2 uptake ((V) over dot O-2)] in the heat (35 degrees C). Minute ventilation ((V) over dot E), ventilatory equivalent for (V) over dot O-2 ((V) over dot E/(V) over dot O-2) and CO2 output ((V) over dot E/(V) over dot O-2), tidal volume (VT), and respiratory frequency (f) were plotted as functions of T-es. In the exercise trial, (V) over dot E increased linearly with increases (from 37.0 to 38.7 degrees C) in T-es in all subjects; in the rest trial, 14 of the 19 subjects showed a T-es threshold for hyperpnea (37.8 +/- 0.5 degrees C). Above the threshold for hyperpnea, the slope of the regression line relating (V) over dot E and T-es was significantly greater for the rest than the exercise trial. Moreover, the slopes of the regression lines relating (V) over dot E/(V) over dot O-2, (V) over dot E/(V) over dot CO2, and T-es were significantly greater for the rest than the exercise trial. The increase in (V) over dot E reflected increases in VT and f in the rest trial, but only f in the exercise trial, after an initial increase in ventilation due to VT. Finally, the slope of the regression line relating T-es and VT or f was significantly greater for the rest than the exercise trial. These findings indicate that hyperthermic hyperpnea does indeed differ, depending on whether one is at rest or exercising at submaximal, moderate intensity.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2008年04月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 104(4) (4), 998 - 1005, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Regulation of blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity during exercise in humans -muscle metaboreflex and arterial baroreflex function-

  Takeshi, Nishiyasu, Mitsuru, Saito, Narihiko, Kondo, Masashi, Ichinose

  2008年01月, Proceeding of 2008 Korean Society of Exercise Physiology Summer Conference,, 1-6, 英語

  研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）


• Spatial heterogeneity of quadriceps muscle deoxygenation kinetics during cycle exercise

  Shunsaku Koga, David C. Poole, Leonard F. Ferreira, Brian J. Whipp, Narihiko Kondo, Tadashi Saitoh, Etsuko Ohmae, Thomas J. Barstow

  Spatial heterogeneity of quadriceps muscle deoxygenation kinetics during cycle exercise. J Appl Physiol 103: 2049-2056, 2007. First published September 20, 2007; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00627.2007.-To test the hypothesis that, during exercise, substantial heterogeneity of muscle hemoglobin and myoglobin deoxygenation [deoxy(Hb + Mb)] dynamics exists and to determine whether such heterogeneity is associated with the speed of pulmonary O-2 uptake (pVo(2)) kinetics, we adapted multi-optical fibers near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to characterize the spatial distribution of muscle deoxygenation kinetics at exercise onset. Seven subjects performed cycle exercise transitions from unloaded to moderate [< gas exchange threshold (GET)] and heavy (> GET) work rates and the relative changes in deoxy(Hb + Mb), at 10 sites in the quadriceps, were sampled by NIRS. At exercise onset, the time delays in muscle deoxy(Hb + Mb) were spatially inhomogeneous [intersite coefficient of variation (CV), 3 similar to 56% for <GET, 2 similar to 21% for >GET]. The primary component kinetics (time constant) of muscle deoxy(Hb + Mb) reflecting increased O2 extraction were also spatially inhomogeneous (intersite CV, 6 similar to 48% for <GET, 7 similar to 47% for >GET) and faster (P < 0.05) than those of phase 2 pV(O2). However, the degree of dynamic intersite heterogeneity in muscle deoxygenation did not correlate significantly with phase 2 pV(O2) kinetics. In conclusion, the dynamics of quadriceps microvascular oxygenation demonstrates substantial spatial heterogeneity that must arise from disparities in the relative kinetics of V-O2 and O-2 delivery increase across the regions sampled.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2007年12月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 103(6) (6), 2049 - 2056, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 2-2 Relationships among Ventilatory Response during Exercise in the Heat, Thermoregulation, and Aerobic Capacity(Proceedings of the 56th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology)

  HAYASHI, Keiji, HONDA, Yasushi, OGAWA, Takeshi, KOGA, Shunsaku, KONDO, Narihiko, NISHIYASU, Takeshi

  日本生理人類学会, 2007年11月, Journal of physiological anthropology, 26(6) (6), 610 - 611, 英語

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Changes in blood flow in a conduit artery and superficial vein of the upper arm during passive heating in humans

  Anna Ooue, Tomoko Ichinose-Kuwahara, A. K. M. Shamsuddin, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Shunsaku Koga, Narihiko Kondo

  The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate changes in blood flow in the brachial artery and basilic vein of the upper arm with a rise in internal temperature during passive heating; and (2) to investigate the contributions of blood velocity and anteroposterior vessel diameter to these blood flow changes. Ten subjects rested in the supine position between a pair of tube-lined sheets. Thermoneutral water was circulated through the tubes to keep a mean skin temperature ((T) over bar (sk)) of 34-35 degrees C, and then hot water was circulated to maintain (T) over bar (sk) of 37-38 degrees C. The blood velocity and diameter in the brachial artery and basilic vein were continuously monitored by Doppler ultrasound technique and used to calculate blood flow. Blood flow in the brachial artery and basilic vein increased linearly as the oral temperature (T-or) rose by <= 0.6 degrees C. The magnitude of the change in blood flow did not differ significantly between the two vessels. In addition, plots of Delta T-or versus blood flow yielded slopes that did not differ significantly between the brachial artery and the basilic vein. As Tor increased, blood velocity, but not diameter, also increased. In conclusion, blood flow in the brachial artery and the basilic vein increased linearly as the internal temperature variable T, increased <= 0.6 degrees C. In both vessels, the passive heating-induced increases in blood flow resulted primarily from a change in blood velocity, rather than from a change in diameter.

  SPRINGER, 2007年09月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 101(1) (1), 97 - 103, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Modulation of the spontaneous beat-to-beat fluctuations in peripheral vascular resistance during activation of muscle metaboreflex

  Masashi Ichinose, Shunsaku Koga, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  Continuous measurement of leg blood flow (LBF) using Doppler ultrasound with simultaneous noninvasive mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) measurement permits beat-to-beat estimates of leg vascular resistance (LVR) in humans. We tested the hypothesis that the beat-to-beat fluctuations in LVR and the dynamic relationship between MAP and LVR are modulated by the activation of muscle metaboreflex. Twelve healthy subjects performed a 1-min isometric handgrip exercise at 50% maximal voluntary contraction, which was followed by a period of imposed postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI). We then employed transfer function analysis to examine the dynamic relationships between MAP and LBF and between MAP and LVR, both at rest (control) and during PEMI. We found the following. 1) The spectral power for LBF and LVR in low-frequency (similar to 0.03-0.15 Hz) range significantly increased from control during PEMI without a significant change in the high-frequency (similar to 0.15-0.35 Hz) power. 2) During PEMI, the transfer function gains for MAP-LBF and MAP-LVR relationships in the low-frequency (similar to 0.05-0.15 Hz) range were significantly increased during PEMI (vs. control) but were unchanged in the high-frequency (similar to 0.2-0.3 Hz) range. 3) The phases for MAPLBF and MAP-LVR relationships were not different during control and PEMI. The phase for MAP-LVR relationship revealed that changes in MAP were followed by directionally similar changes in LVR, which is consistent with the characteristics of intrinsic vascular regulatory mechanisms such as the myogenic response of the resistance arteries. We suggest that, in humans, modulation of the dynamic MAP-LVR relationship during activation of the muscle metaboreflex reflects complex interactions between intrinsic vascular regulatory mechanisms and sympathetic vascular regulation.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2007年07月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 293(1) (1), H416 - H424, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 運動時の反射性循環調節(モーニングセッション1)

  西保 岳, 一之瀬 真志, 近藤 徳彦, 斉藤 満

  日本体力医学会, 2007年02月, 体力科學, 56(1) (1), 97 - 97, 日本語


• 04-7-K202-20 安静温熱負荷時と脚運動時における上腕動脈の血流応答特性(04.運動生理学,一般研究発表抄録)

  大上 安奈, 西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦

  社団法人日本体育学会, 2007年, 日本体育学会大会予稿集, 58, 198 - 198, 日本語


• 運動時の発汗と体温調節

  近藤 徳彦

  2007年, MB Derm, 124, 20 - 26, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The effect of non-thermal factors on heat loss responses during exercise in humans.

  近藤 徳彦, Inoue Y, Koga S, Nishiyasu T

  2007年, Environmental Ergonomics, 12, 241 - 244, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Sex differences in the effects of physical training on sweat gland function.

  Inoue Y, Ichinose KT, Ogura Y, Kubota T, Ueda H, Ooue A, 近藤 徳彦

  2007年, Environmental Ergonomics, 12, 276 - 279, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Changes in blood flow in the superficial and deep veins of the upper arm during leg exercise in humans.

  Ooue A, Ichinose KT, Saito T, Inoue Y, Nishiyasu T, Koga S, 近藤 徳彦

  2007年, Environmental Ergonomics, 12, 255 - 258, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Modulation of the control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during severe orthostatic stress

  Masashi Ichinose, Mitsuru Saito, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Takeshi Nishiyasu

  We tested the hypothesis that arterial baroreflex (ABR)-mediated beat-to-beat control over muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is progressively modulated as orthostatic stress increases in humans, but that this control becomes impaired just before the onset of orthostatic syncope. In 17 healthy subjects, the ABR control over MSNA (burst incidence, burst strength and total MSNA) was evaluated by analysing the relationship between beat-to-beat spontaneous variations in diastolic blood pressure (DAP) and MSNA during supine rest (control) and during progressive, stepwise increases in lower body negative pressure (LBNP) that were incremented by -10 mmHg every 5 min until presyncope (nine subjects) or -60 mmHg was reached. (1) The linear relationships between DAP and burst strength and between DAP and total MSNA were shifted progressively upward as LBNP increased until the level at which syncope occurred. The relationship between DAP and burst incidence, however, gradually shifted upward from control only to LBNP = -30 mmHg; there was no further upward shift at higher LBNPs. (2) Although the slope of the relationship between DAP and burst strength and between DAP and total MSNA remained constant at all LBNPs tested, except at the level where syncope occurred, the slope of the relationship between DAP and burst incidence was reduced at LBNPs of -40 mmHg and higher (versus control). (3) In syncopal subjects, the slopes of the relationships between DAP and burst incidence, burst strength, and total MSNA were all substantially reduced during the 1-2 min period prior to the onset of syncope. Taken together, these results suggest baroreflex control over MSNA is progressively modulated as orthostatic stress increases, so that its sensitivity is substantially reduced during the period immediately preceding the severe hypotension associated with orthostatic syncope.

  BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2006年11月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 576(3) (3), 947 - 958, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Time-dependent modulation of arterial baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during isometric exercise in humans

  M Ichinose, M Saito, N Kondo, T Nishiyasu

  We investigated the time-dependent modulation of arterial baroreflex (ABR) control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) that occurs during isometric handgrip exercise (IHG). Thirteen healthy subjects performed a 3-min IHG at 30% maximal voluntary contraction, which was followed by a period of imposed postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI). The ABR control of MSNA ( burst incidence and strength and total activity) was evaluated by analyzing the relationship between spontaneous variations in diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and MSNA during supine rest, at each minute of IHG, and during PEMI. We found that 1) the linear relations between DAP and MSNA variables were shifted progressively rightward until the third minute of IHG (IHG3); 2) 2 min into IHG (IHG2), the DAP-MSNA relations were shifted upward and were shifted further upward at IHG3; 3) the sensitivity of the ABR control of total MSNA was increased at IHG2 and increased further at IHG3; and 4) during PEMI, the ABR operating pressure was slightly higher than at IHG2, and the sensitivity of the control of total MSNA was the same as at IHG2. During PEMI, the DAP-burst strength and DAP-total MSNA relations were shifted downward from the IHG3 level to the IHG2 level, whereas the DAP-burst incidence relation remained at the IHG3 level. These results indicate that during IHG, ABR control of MSNA is modulated in a time-dependent manner. We suggest that this modulation of ABR function is one of the mechanisms underlying the progressive increase in blood pressure and MSNA during the course of isometric exercise.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2006年04月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 290(4) (4), H1419 - H1426, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Relationship between ventilatory response and body temperature during prolonged submaximal exercise

  Hayashi K, Honda Y, Ogawa T, 近藤 徳彦, Nishiyasu T

  2006年, J Appl Physiol, 100(2):414-420, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of rhythmic muscle compression on cardiovascular responses and muscle oxygenation at rest and during dynamic exercise

  T Nishiyasu, T Maekawa, R Sone, N Tan, N Kondo

  We examined the way in which the duration of rhythmic muscle compressions affects cardiovascular responses and muscle oxygenation at rest and during dynamic exercise. We measured the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle (by near-infrared spectroscopy) in eight healthy male subjects at rest and during supine bicycle exercise (50 and 100 W at 60 r.p.m.) while applying pulsed muscle compressions at 1000 ms intervals. Compression pressure and durations were 150 mmHg and 300, 600, 900 and 1000 ms (1000 ms being static continuous compression), respectively. During exercise, the pulsed leg compression was synchronized to each thigh extensor muscle contraction. The observed changes in muscle oxygenation were dependent on compression duration (increased at 300 ms, no change at 600 ms and decreased at 900 or 1000 ms) and were different from those seen at rest (increases at < 1000 ms and decrease at 1000 ms). This suggests that the effects of external pulsed muscle compression may have a duration threshold below which muscle pumping counteracts the obstruction to flow caused by the compression, and that the threshold is set at a shorter compression duration during exercise than at rest. Although HR and MAP did not change during pulsed compression at rest, during exercise they both increased progressively as compression duration increased. Thus, while exercising, the increased MAP and HR seen during the compression could be due to the combination and interaction of mechanical effects and the muscle mechanoreflex and/or metaboreflex.

  BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2006年01月, EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, 91(1) (1), 103 - 109, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Modification of internal temperature regulation for cutaneous vasodilation and sweating by bright light exposure at night

  K Aoki, M Yokoi, R Masago, K Iwanaga, N Kondo, T Katsuura

  Bright light (BL) exposure at night leads to suppressed secretion of melatonin and an attenuated fall in internal temperature at rest from the night to the early morning. However, it is unknown at the present whether typical diurnal variations in reflex responses to thermal challenges are similarly affected by BL exposure at night. We investigated the control of cutaneous vasodilator and sweating responses to hyperthermia in the early morning after artificial BL exposure at night, compare with dim light (DL) exposure. Six subjects stayed awake in a semi-supine position under DL (120 1x) or BL (2800 1x) conditions between 21.00 and 04.30 h. Urine samples were collected at 04.30 h. Beginning at 05.30 h, the lower legs were immersed for 50 min in 42 C water. The subjects remained awake for 21 h until the end of hot water immersion. Urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels following BL were significantly lower than after DL. Oesophageal temperature (T-es) before heating was significantly higher following BL [36.41 +/- 0.10 (DL) vs. 36.55 +/- 0.09 (BL) degrees C]. The T-es thresholds for the onset of cutaneous vasodilation and sweating were significantly higher with BL than with DL conditions (approximately 0.15 degrees C, respectively). We found that the internal temperature threshold for thermoregulatory control of cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses to passive heating in the early morning can be modified by the level of light exposure the prior night. Thus both basal internal temperature and the regulation of internal temperature are modified by BL exposure at night.

  SPRINGER, 2005年09月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 95(1) (1), 57 - 64, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 非温熱性要因が運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦

  運動時における過度の深部体温上昇は中枢性疲労を起こし，運動パフォーマンスを低下させることが明らかになってきている．したがって，運動時の発汗や皮膚血流反応（熱放散反応）は深部体温をある範囲内に維持するために大変重要である．運動時の熱放散反応は深部体温などの温熱性要因と温度に依存しない非温熱性要因によって調節されており，本総説では熱放散反応に影響する非温熱性要因の特性から運動時の熱放散反応の特徴を概説した．既に汗をかいている状況で動的運動を実施すると深部体温や皮膚温の変化なしに数秒以内に発汗が増加することから，運動時の熱放散反応に対する非温熱性要因の関与が明らかになった．一方，皮膚血流量は動的運動開始時に一過性に減少することが指摘され，これらの反応はいずれも運動強度に依存する．安静時と運動時あるいは運動強度間で深部体温と熱放散反応の関係を比較すると，運動は発汗反応の勾配をいくらか大きくし，一方，皮膚血流反応の血管拡張閾値を上昇させ，また，運動強度が強くなるとその勾配も小さくなる．非温熱性要因として，セントラルコマンド，筋からの求心性入力（筋機械受容器・筋代謝受容器），圧受容器からの入力，浸透圧受容器からの入力，精神性入力などが考えられ，運動時にはこれらの要因が熱放散反応に複合的に作用し，非温熱性要因全体でみるとこの要因は発汗には促進的に，皮膚血流には抑制的に影響すると考えられる．動的運動では筋への血流を確保するために皮膚への血流配分を抑制するが，これにより熱放散量は低下する．しかし，この低下を補うように非温熱性要因が発汗量増加を引き起こしていると考えられる．また，非温熱性要因は深部体温とも相互作用があり，深部体温が大きく変化していないとき，この要因が熱放散反応に及ぼす影響は大きくなることが考えられる．実際の運動時には多くの非温熱性要因が相互に作用しているため，今後は，各要因の相互作用を検討し，運動時の熱放散反応特性をさらに明らかにしていく必要があろう．
  

  Japanese Society of Biometeorology, 2005年07月, 日本生気象学会雑誌, 42, 39-53(1) (1), 39 - 53, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of physical training on heat loss responses of young women to passive heating in relation to menstrual cycle

  T Kuwahara, Y Inoue, M Taniguchi, Y Ogura, H Ueda, N Kondo

  To examine the effects of physical training on cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses of young women in the follicular and luteal phase, 11 physically trained (T group) and 13 untrained (U group) women were passively heated by lower-leg immersion into hot water of 42 degrees C (ambient temperature of 30 degrees C and 45% RH) for 60 min in their mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Female hormones increased significantly from the mid-follicular to the mid-luteal phase in T and U groups, but the degree of increase was significantly lower in T group. Mean body temperature ((T) over bar (b)) thresholds for cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses were significantly lower in T group than in U group, in both the menstrual phases, and the differences between the groups were greatest during the mid-luteal phase. The slope of the relationship between frequency of sweat expulsion (F-sw) and (T) over bar (b), and between local sweating rate and Fsw was significantly greater in T group, although the slope of the relationship between cutaneous blood flow and (T) over bar (b) did not differ between the groups, regardless of body site or menstrual phase. These results suggest that regular physical activity enhanced sweating and cutaneous vasodilation in young women. The enhancement of sweating was due to both central and peripheral mechanisms, and the enhancement of cutaneous vasodilation was possibly due to a central mechanism. Enhancement of heat loss responses via central mechanisms was greater during the mid-luteal phase than in the mid-follicular phase because the elevation of female reproductive hormone levels during the mid- luteal phase was relatively low in T group.

  SPRINGER, 2005年07月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 94(4) (4), 376 - 385, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of skin temperature on the ion reabsorption capacity of sweat glands during exercise in humans

  AKM Shamsuddin, T Kuwahara, A Oue, C Nomura, S Koga, Y Inoue, N Kondo

  The effect of skin temperature on the ion reabsorption capacity of sweat glands during exercise in humans is unknown. In this study, eight healthy subjects performed a 60-min cycling exercise at a constant intensity (60% VO2max) under moderate (25 degrees C) and cool (15 degrees C) ambient temperatures at a constant relative humidity of 40%. The sweating rate (SR), index of sweat ion concentration (ISIC) by using sweat conductivity, esophageal temperature (Tes), mean skin temperature, and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously under both ambient temperatures. The SR and ISIC were significantly lower at the cool ambient temperature versus the moderate temperature. There were no significant differences in the changes in HR and esophageal temperature between these ambient temperature conditions, while the mean skin temperature was significantly lower at the cool ambient temperature by almost 3 degrees C (P < 0.05). The slopes of the relationships between Tes and the SR and ISIC were significantly lower and the thresholds of these relationships were significantly higher at the cool ambient temperature (P < 0.05). The ion reabsorption capacity of the sweat glands was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in a cool environment (0.21 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.06 mg/cm(2)/min at 15 and 25 degrees C, respectively) as evaluated using the relationships for SR and ISIC. The results suggest that the ion reabsorption capacity of the sweat glands is influenced by skin temperature during exercise in humans.

  SPRINGER, 2005年07月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 94(4) (4), 442 - 447, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Changes in the index of sweat ion concentration with increasing sweat during passive heat stress in humans

  AKM Shamsuddin, S Yanagimoto, T Kuwahara, Y Zhang, C Nomura, N Kondo

  To investigate the pattern changes in the index of sweat ion concentration at skin surface with increasing sweat during passive heat stress in humans, we measured conductivity of the perfused water with sweat as the index of sweat ion concentration and sweat rate, continuously at the chest skin surface. Eight healthy subjects (22.41.0 years) were passively heated by lower-leg immersion in a hot water bath of 42C for 50 min in an ambient temperature of 28C and relative humidity of 50%. The internal temperature (Tor) thresholds of sweat rate and index of sweat ion concentration were almost similar. Concomitant onset for the index of sweat ion concentration and sweat rate occurred but two types of linear regression lines were identified in the relationship between the index of sweat ion concentration and sweat rate at a boundary sweat rate value of 0.300.08 mg cm-2 min-1. The slope of the regression line at low levels of sweat (slope 0.020.01mg-1 cm-2 min-1) was significantly gradual compared with that at moderate levels of sweat (slope 0.300.08 V mg-1 cm-2 min-1) (P<0.05). These results suggest that at low levels of sweat the index of sweat ion concentration responds gradually with respect to sweat rate, which may be due to the ion reabsorption capacity of the sweat duct, and then the index of sweat ion concentration increased steeply with sweat rate.

  SPRINGER, 2005年06月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 94(3) (3), 292 - 297, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of menstrual cycle and physical training on heat loss responses during dynamic exercise at moderate intensity in a temperate environment

  T Kuwahara, Y Inoue, M Abe, Y Sato, N Kondo

  We evaluated the effects of the menstrual cycle and physical training on heat loss (sweating and cutaneous vasodilation) responses during moderate exercise in a temperate environment. Ten untrained (group U) and seven endurance-trained (group T) women (maximal O-2 uptake of 36.7 +/- 1.1 vs. 49.4 +/- 1.7 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), respectively; P < 0.05) performed a cycling exercise at 50% maximal O-2 uptake for 30 min during both the midfollicular and midluteal menstrual phase in a temperate environment (ambient temperature of 25 degrees C, relative humidity of 45%). In group U, plasma levels of estrone, estradiol, and progesterone at rest and esophageal temperature (T-es) during exercise were significantly higher during the midluteal than during the midfollicular phase (P < 0.05). Sweating rate and cutaneous blood flow (measured via laser-Doppler flowmetry) on the chest, back, forearm, and thigh were lower during the midluteal than during the midfollicular phase during exercise. Tes threshold for heat loss responses was significantly higher and sensitivity of the heat loss responses was significantly lower in the midluteal than in the midfollicular phase, regardless of body site. These effects of the menstrual cycle in group U were not observed in group T. The sweating rate and cutaneous blood flow were significantly higher in group T than in group U, regardless of menstrual phase or body site. Tes threshold for heat loss responses was significantly lower and sensitivity of heat loss responses was significantly greater in group T than in group U in the midluteal phase; however, sensitivity of the sweating response was significantly greater in the midfollicular phase. These results suggest that heat loss responses in group U were inhibited in the midluteal phase compared with in the midfollicular phase. Menstrual cycle had no remarkable effects in group T. Physical training improved heat loss responses, which was more marked in the midluteal than in the midfollicular phase.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2005年05月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 288(5) (5), R1347 - R1353, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 体温と運動の機能的連関

  近藤 徳彦, 彼末一之

  2005年, 体力科学, 54, 19 - 20, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 運動時の血流量制御

  西保 岳, 一之瀬真志, 近藤 徳彦, 斉藤 満

  2005年, 体育の科学, 55, 781 - 787, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The effects of non-thermal factors on heat loss responses during exercise in humans.

  近藤 徳彦

  2005年, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Human-Environment System, 155 - 159, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Heat loss responses during exercise and sports performance (keynote lecture).

  近藤 徳彦

  2005年, The Proceedings of 1st Asian Pacific Sports Science Conference 2005, The University of Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）


• Effects of short-term endurance training on heat loss responses during a moderate exercise at a temperate environment in young women

  Kuwahara T, Inoue Y, Hirata M, Kondo N

  2005年, American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrated Comparative Physiology (in submit), ,

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Comparison of oxygen uptake kinetics during knee extension and cycle exercise

  S Koga, DC Poole, T Shiojiri, N Kondo, Y Fukuba, A Miura, TJ Barstow

  The knee extension exercise (KE) model engenders different muscle and fiber recruitment patterns, blood flow, and energetic responses compared with conventional cycle ergometry (CE). This investigation had two aims: 1) to test the hypothesis that upright two-leg KE and CE in the same subjects would yield fundamentally different pulmonary O-2 uptake (p(V)over dotO(2)) kinetics and 2) to characterize the muscle blood flow, muscle (V)over dotO(2) (m(V)over dotO(2)), and p(V)over dotO(2) kinetics during KE to investigate the rate-limiting factor(s) of p(V)over dotO(2) on kinetics and muscle energetics and their mechanistic bases after the onset of heavy exercise. Six subjects performed KE and CE transitions from unloaded to moderate [<ventilatory threshold (VT)] and heavy (>VT) exercise. In addition to p(V)over dotO(2) during CE and KE, simultaneous pulsed and echo Doppler methods, combined with blood sampling from the femoral vein, were used to quantify the precise temporal profiles of femoral artery blood flow (LBF) and m(V)over dotO(2) at the onset of KE. First, the gain (amplitude/work rate) of the primary component of p(V)over dotO(2) for both moderate and heavy exercise was higher during KE (similar to12 ml.W-1.min(-1)) compared with CE (similar to10), but the time constants for the primary component did not differ. Furthermore, the mean response time (MRT) and the contribution of the slow component to the overall response for heavy KE were significantly greater than for CE. Second, the time constant for the primary component of m(V)over dotO(2) during heavy KE [25.8+/-9.0 s (SD)] was not significantly different from that of the phase II p(V)over dotO(2). Moreover, the slow component of p(V)over dotO(2) evident for the heavy KE reflected the gradual increase in m(V)over dotO(2). The initial LBF kinetics after onset of KE were significantly faster than the phase II p(V)over dotO(2) kinetics (moderate: time constant LBF=8.0+/-3.5 s, p(V)over dotO(2)=32.7+/-5.6 s, P<0.05; heavy: LBF=9.7&PLUSMN;2.0 s, p(V)over dotO(2)=29.9&PLUSMN;7.9 s, P<0.05). The MRT of LBF was also significantly faster than that of p(V)O-2. These data demonstrate that the energetics (as gain) for KE are greater than for CE, but the kinetics of adjustment (as time constant for the primary component) are similar. Furthermore, the kinetics of muscle blood flow during KE are faster than those of p(V)over dotO(2), consistent with an intramuscular limitation to (V)over dotO(2) kinetics, i.e., a microvascular O-2 delivery-to-O-2 requirement mismatch or oxidative enzyme inertia.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2005年01月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 288(1) (1), R212 - R220, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Change in heat loss responses after three month endurance training in young women.

  Kuwahara T, Inoue Y, Ooue A, Ogura Y, 近藤 徳彦

  2005年, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Human-Environment System, 160 - 163, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Modulation of control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during orthostatic stress in humans

  M Ichinose, M Saito, T Ogawa, K Hayashi, N Kondo, T Nishiyasu

  We tested the hypothesis that orthostatic stress would modulate the arterial baroreflex (ABR)mediated beat-by-beat control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in humans. In 12 healthy subjects, ABR control of MSNA ( burst incidence, burst strength, and total activity) was evaluated by analysis of the relation between beat-by-beat spontaneous variations in diastolic blood pressure (DAP) and MSNA during supine rest ( CON) and at two levels of lower body negative pressure ( LBNP: - 15 and - 35 mmHg). At - 15 mmHg LBNP, the relation between burst incidence ( bursts per 100 heartbeats) and DAP showed an upward shift from that observed during CON, but the further shift seen at - 35 mmHg LBNP was only marginal. The relation between burst strength and DAP was shifted upward at - 15 mmHg LBNP ( vs. CON) and further shifted upward at - 35 mmHg LBNP. At - 15 mmHg LBNP, the relation between total activity and DAP was shifted upward from that obtained during CON and further shifted upward at - 35 mmHg LBNP. These results suggest that ABR control of MSNA is modulated during orthostatic stress and that the modulation is different between a mild (nonhypotensive) and a moderate ( hypotensive) level of orthostatic stress.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2004年11月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 287(5) (5), H2147 - H2153, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of brief leg cooling after moderate exercise on cardiorespiratory responses to subsequent exercise in the heat

  K Hayashi, Y Honda, T Ogawa, H Wada, N Kondo, T Nishiyasu

  We investigated the effects of brief leg cooling after moderate exercise on the cardiorespiratory responses to subsequent exercise in the heat. Following 40 min of ergometer cycling [65% peak oxygen uptake (.O-2peak)] at 35degreesC (Ex. 1), seven male subjects [21.9 (1.1) years of age; 170.9 (1.9) cm height; 66.0 (2.0) kg body mass; 46.7 (2.0) ml kg(-1) min(-1) .O-2peak] immersed their legs in 35degreesC (control condition, CONT) or 20degreesC (cooling condition, COOL) water for 5 min and then repeated the cycling (as before, but for 10 min) (Ex. 2). Just before Ex. 2, esophageal temperature (T-es) was lower in COOL than in CONT [36.9 (0.2) vs 37.5 (0.1)degreesC] (P<0.01), as also were both mean skin temperature [33.9 (0.2) vs 35.2 (0.2)degreesC] (P<0.01), and heart rate (HR) [93.2 (6.0) vs 102.7 (4.9) beats min(-1)] (P<0.05). During Ex. 2, no differences between CONT and COOL were observed in oxygen uptake, arterial blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, or ratings of perceived exertion; however, T-es, skin temperature, and HR were lower in COOL than in CONT. Further, during the first 5 min of Ex. 2, minute ventilation was significantly lower in COOL than in CONT [50.3 (2.0) vs 53.4 (2.6) l min(-1)] (P<0.01). These results suggest that brief leg cooling during the recovery period may be effective at reducing thermal and cardiorespiratory strain during subsequent exercise in the heat.

  SPRINGER, 2004年08月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 92(4-5) (4-5), 414 - 420, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• A comparison of oxygen uptake kinetics during knee extension and cycle exercise

  Koga S, Poole D, Shiojiri T, Kondo N, Fukuba Y, Miura Y, Barstow T

  2004年08月, American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrated Comparative Physiology, 288, R212-220

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 環境の湿度変化がスポーツウェア着用時における運動時の体温調節反応に及ぼす影響

  井上 真理, 柳本 周治, 桑原 智子, 山田 由佳子, 近藤 徳彦

  2004年06月, デサントスポーツ科学, 25, 49-61, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Modulation of arterial baroreflex dynamic response during mild orthostatic stress in humans

  M Ichinose, M Saito, A Kitano, K Hayashi, N Kondo, T Nishiyasu

  We tested the hypothesis that in humans, carotid-baroreflex dynamic responses (evaluated by examining the time course of the carotid-baroreflex-induced alterations in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)) would be altered during mild orthostatic stress in ways that serve to limit orthostatic hypotension. In 12 healthy subjects (10 male, 2 female), 5-s periods of neck pressure (NP) (50 mmHg) and neck suction (NS) (- 60 mmHg) were used to evaluate carotid baroreflex function at rest (CON) and during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) (- 15 mmHg). During LBNP (as compared with CON) (a) the augmentations in MSNA and MAP elicited by NP were greater, (b) the NS-induced period of MSNA suppression was, if anything, shorter, (c) the peak decrement in MAP elicited by NS, although not different in amplitude, occurred earlier and recovered to its initial level more quickly after NS, and (d) the HR responses to NP and NS were greater. These results suggest that during mild orthostatic stress, carotid-baroreflex dynamic responses are modulated in ways that should help maintain blood pressure and limit orthostatic hypotension.

  BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, 2004年05月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 557(1) (1), 321 - 330, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Modulation of arterial baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity by muscle metaboreflex in humans

  M Ichinose, M Saito, H Wada, A Kitano, N Kondo, T Nishiyasu

  We aimed to investigate the interaction [with respect to the regulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure] between the arterial baroreflex and muscle metaboreflex in humans. In 10 healthy subjects who performed a 1-min sustained handgrip exercise at 50% maximal voluntary contraction followed by forearm occlusion, arterial baroreflex control of MSNA ( burst incidence and strength and total activity) was evaluated by analyzing the relationship between beat-by-beat spontaneous variations in diastolic arterial blood pressure (DAP) and MSNA both during supine rest (control) and during postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI). During PEMI (vs. control), 1) the linear relationship between burst incidence and DAP was shifted rightward with no alteration in sensitivity, 2) the linear relationship between burst strength and DAP was shifted rightward and upward with no change in sensitivity, and 3) the linear relationship between total activity and DAP was shifted to a higher blood pressure and its sensitivity was increased. The modification of the control of total activity that occurs in PEMI could be a consequence of alterations in the baroreflex control of both MSNA burst incidence and burst strength. These results suggest that the arterial baroreflex and muscle metaboreflex interact to control both the occurrence and strength of MSNA bursts.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2004年02月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 286(2) (2), H701 - H707, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 神戸大学発達科学部における授業形態の分類と授業の構成要素について

  稲葉 太一, 市橋 秀樹, 近藤 徳彦, 長ヶ原 誠, 尾崎 寿昭

  神戸大学発達科学部, 2004年02月, 神戸大学発達科学部研究紀要, 第11巻第2号, 101p-113p(2) (2), 307 - 319, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

  神戸大学リポジトリ（Kernel）へのリンク


• 体温上昇と運動パフォーマン

  近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  2004年, 体育の科学, 54, 781 - 787, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 女性の体温調節と運動

  井上芳光, 桑原智子, 小倉幸雄, 近藤 徳彦

  杏林書院, 2004年, 体育の科学, 54(10) (10), 797 - 803, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Sweating responses during activation of the muscle metaboreflex in humans is altered by time of day

  K Aoki, N Kondo, Y Shimomura, M Yokoi, K Iwanaga, H Harada, T Katsuura

  Aim: The aim of the present study was to test for a time-of-day effect on sweating responses to activation of the muscle metaboreflex. Methods: Eight male subjects each participated in two exercise sessions, one in the morning and one in the evening. Within each session there were two 60-s bouts of isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise at 50% maximal voluntary contraction. Prior to IHG, whole body warming by a water-perfused suit initiated mild sweating. The first bout of IHG exercise began at 06.00 hours (am) and 18.00 hours (pm). Blood circulation to the forearm was occluded for 120 s, beginning 5 s before the end of the second bout of IHG to activate the muscle metaboreflex. Results: During both bouts of exercise, sweating rate (SR) on both the chest and right forearm significantly increased from the pre-exercise period in both am and pm sessions. SR rapidly decreased during first minute of recovery after the first bout of IHG exercise. However, during post-exercise ischaemia (PEI) after the second bout of IHG exercise, SR was maintained significantly above the pre-exercise level only in the pm session. The increases in SR on the chest and right forearm during PEI were significantly greater in the pm, than in the am, session. However, SR of the palm was not maintained during PEI. Conclusions: We conclude that under mild hyperthermic conditions, the sweating response in non-glabrous skin to activation of the muscle metaboreflex exhibits a time-of-day effect.

  BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, 2004年01月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 180(1) (1), 63 - 70, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Central command is capable of modulating sweating from non-glabrous human skin

  M Shibasaki, NH Secher, C Selmer, N Kondo, CG Crandall

  Isometric handgrip, exercise (IHG) increases sweating rate without changing core or skin temperatures. The contribution of central command resulting in increases in sweating rate during IHG is unknown. To investigate this question, seven subjects performed IHG (35% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for 2 min) followed by 2-min of post-exercise ischaemia (PEI), with and without partial neuromuscular blockade (PNB). PNB was performed to augment central command during the IHG bout. These trials were conducted while the subject was normothermic, mildly heated, and moderately heated. On the non-exercising arm, forearm sweating rate was monitored over a microdialysis membrane perfused with neostigmine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor), and at an adjacent untreated site. In normothermia with PNB, despite reduced force production during IHG (17 +/- 9 versus 157 +/- 13 N; P < 0.001), the elevation in sweating rate at the neostigmine-treated site was greater relative to the control IHG bout (P < 0.05). During subsequent PEI, for the PNB trial mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and sweating rate returned towards pre-IHG levels, while during the control trial these variables remained elevated. During IHG while mildly heated, the elevation in sweating rate was greater during the PNB trial relative to the control trial. In contrast, during moderate heating sweating increased during IHG for both trials, however the elevation in sweating rate during the PNB trial was not greater than during the control trial. These results suggest that central command is capable of modulating sweating rate in all thermal conditions, however its effect is reduced when body temperatures and/or sweating rate are substantially elevated.

  CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2003年12月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 553(3) (3), 999 - 1004, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Intensity-dependent thermoregulatory responses at the onset of dynamic exercise in mildly heated humans

  Shuji Yanagimoto, Tomoko Kuwahara, Yuan Zhang, Shunsaku Koga, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Narihiko Kondo

  To investigate quantitatively how sweating and cutaneous blood flow responses at the onset of dynamic exercise are affected by increasing exercise intensity in mildly heated humans, 18 healthy male subjects performed cycle exercise at 30, 50, and 70% of maximal O2 uptake (V̇O2 max) for 60 s in a warm environment. The study was conducted in a climatic chamber with a regulated ambient temperature of 35°C and relative humidity of 50%. The subjects rested in the semisupine position in the chamber for 60 min, and then sweating rate (SR) and skin blood flow were measured during cycle exercise at three different intensities. Changes in the heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and mean arterial blood pressure were proportional to increasing exercise intensity, whereas esophageal and mean skin temperatures were essentially constant throughout the experiment. The SR on the chest, forearm, and thigh, but not on the palm, increased significantly with increasing exercise intensity (P < 0.05). The mean SR of the chest, forearm, and thigh increased 0.05 mg·cm-2·min-1 with an increase in exercise intensity equivalent to 10% V̇O2 max. On the other hand, the cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) on the chest, forearm, and palm decreased significantly with increasing exercise intensity (P < 0.05). The mean CVC of the chest and forearm decreased 5.5% and the CVC on the palm decreased 8.0% with an increase in exercise intensity equivalent to 10% V̇O2 max. In addition, the reduction in CVC was greater on the palm than on the chest and forearm at all exercise intensities (P < 0.01). We conclude that nonthermal sweating and cutaneous blood flow responses are exercise intensity dependent but directionally opposite at the onset of dynamic exercise in mildly heated humans. Furthermore, cutaneous blood flow responses to increased exercise intensity are greater in glabrous (palm) than in nonglabrous (chest and forearm) skin.

  American Physiological Society, 2003年07月, American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 285(1) (1), R200 - R207, 英語

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of muscle metaboreceptor stimulation on cutaneous blood flow from glabrous and nonglabrous skin in mildly heated humans

  N Kondo, S Yanagimoto, T Nishiyasu, CG Crandall

  Given differences in sympathetic innervation to glabrous and nonglabrous skin, we tested the hypothesis that muscle metaboreceptor regulation of cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) differs between these skin regions. Subjects (n = 21) performed isometric handgrip exercise (IHG; 50% maximal voluntary contraction for 60 s), followed by 2 min of postexercise ischemia. Throughout IHG and postexercise ischemia, CVC was measured from glabrous ( palm) and nonglabrous ( forearm and chest) regions contralateral to the exercising arm. These procedures were conducted after the subjects had been exposed to an ambient temperature of 35degreesC and a relative humidity of 50% for 60 min. These thermal conditions were intended to cause slight increases in cutaneous blood flow via sympathetic withdrawal. Esophageal, sublingual, and mean skin temperatures did not change markedly during IHG or postexercise ischemia. During IHG, forearm CVC did not change, chest CVC increased slightly, and palm CVC decreased substantially ( from 100 to 34.8 +/- 3.5%; P = 0.001). During muscle metaboreceptor stimulation due to postexercise ischemia, CVC from nonglabrous regions returned to preexercise baselines, whereas CVC at the palm remained below preexercise baseline (68.2 +/- 4.2%; P = 0.001 relative to preexercise baseline). These results indicate that in mildly heated humans muscle metaboreflex stimulation is capable of modulating CVC in glabrous, but not in nonglabrous, skin.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2003年05月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 94(5) (5), 1829 - 1835, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of muscle metaboreceptor stimulation on cutaneous blood flow from glabrous and nonglabrous skin in mildly heated humans. 94(5):1829-35, 2003

  Kondo, N, Yanagimoto, S, Nishiyasu, T, Crandall, CG

  2003年01月, J Appl Physiol., 94(5) (5), 1829-35, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Non-thermoregulatory modulation of sweating in humans

  M Shibasaki, N Kondo, CG Crandall

  SHIBASAKI, M., N. KONDO, and C.G. CRANDALL. Non-thermoregulatory modulation of sweating in humans. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 34-39, 2003. Sweating in humans is critical for appropriate thermoregulation during exercise and/or exposure to warm environmental temperatures. In addition to thermal controllers of sweating, a number of non-thermal factors modulate the sweating response. This review summarizes the primary non-thermal neural modifiers of sweating in humans.

  LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2003年01月, EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS, 31(1) (1), 34 - 39, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of exercise intensity on sweating and skin blood flow responses at the onset of dynamic exercise in mildly heated humans

  Yanagimoto S, Kuwahara T, Zhang Y, Koga S, Inoue Y, Kondo N

  2003年, American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrated Comparative Physiology, 285, R200-R207

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Modulation of arterial baroreflex dynamic response during muscle metaboreflex activation in humans

  M Ichinose, M Saito, H Wada, A Kitano, N Kondo, T Nishiyasu

  We aimed to investigate the interaction between the arterial baroreflex and muscle metaboreflexes (as reflected by alterations in the dynamic responses shown by muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)) in humans. In nine healthy subjects (eight male, one female) who performed a sustained 1 min handgrip exercise at 50% maximal voluntary contraction followed by forearm occlusion, a 5 s period of neck pressure (NP) (30 and 50 mmHg) or neck suction (NS) (-30 and -60 mmHg) was used to evaluate carotid baroreflex function at rest (CON) and during post-exercise muscle ischaemia (PEMI). In PEMI (as compared with CON): (a) the augmentations in MSNA and MAP elicited by 50 mmHg NP were both greater; (b) MSNA seemed to be suppressed by NS for a shorter period, (c) the decrease in MAP elicited by NS was smaller, and (d) MAP recovered to its initial level more quickly after NS. However, the HR responses to NS and NP were not different between PEMI and CON. These results suggest that during muscle metaboreflex activation, the dynamic arterial baroreflex response is modulated, as exemplified by the augmentation of the MSNA response to arterial baroreflex unloading (i.e. NP) and the reduction in the suppression of MSNA induced by baroreceptor stimulation (i.e. NS).

  CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2002年11月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 544(3) (3), 939 - 948, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Sweating responses to a sustained static exercise is dependent on thermal load in humans

  N Kondo, N Horikawa, K Aoki, M Shibasaki, Y Inoue, T Nishiyasu, CG Crandall

  The purpose of this project was to test the hypothesis that internal temperature modulates the sweating response to sustained handgrip exercise. Ten healthy male subjects immersed their legs in 43 degreesC water for 30-40 min at an ambient temperatures of 30 degreesC and a relative humidity of 50%. Sweating responses to 50% maximal voluntary contraction isometric handgrip exercise (IH) were measured following the onset of sweating (i.e. following slight increases in internal temperature), and after more pronounced increases in internal temperature. Oesophageal temperature (T (es) ) was significantly lower during the first bout of exercise (37.54 +/- 0.07 degreesC) relative to the second bout (37.84 +/- 0.12 degreesC; P < 0.05). However, the increase in mean sweating rate (SR) from both the chest and forearm (non-glabrous skin) was significantly greater during the first IH bout relative to the second bout (P < 0.05). Increases in mean arterial blood pressure and palm SR (glabrous skin) did not differ significantly between exercise bouts, while heart rate and rating of perceived effort were significantly greater during the second bout of IH. As T (es) and mean skin temperature did not change during either bout of exercise, the changes in SR from non-glabrous skin between the bouts of IH were likely because of non-thermal factors. These data suggest that sweating responses from non-glabrous skin during IH vary depending on the magnitude of thermal input as indicated by differing internal temperatures between bouts of IH. Moreover, these data suggest that the contribution of non-thermal factors in governing sweating from non-glabrous skin may be greatest when internal temperature is moderate (37.54 degreesC), but has less of an effect after greater elevations in internal temperature (i.e. 37.84 degreesC).

  WILEY, 2002年08月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 175(4) (4), 289 - 295, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of activated sweat glands on the intensity-dependent sweating response to sustained static exercise in mildly heated humans

  N Kondo, S Yanagimoto, K Aoki, S Koga, Y Inoue

  Changes in the number of activated sweat glands (ASGs) and sweat output per gland (SGO) with increased exercise intensity during sustained static exercise were investigated. Fourteen male subjects performed 20, 35, and 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for 60 s with the right hand (exercised arm) at an ambient temperature of 35degreesC and 50% relative humidity. Although sublingual, local skin, and mean skin temperatures remained essentially constant throughout the exercise at each intensity, the sweating rate (SR) of nonglabrous skin on the nonexercised left forearm increased significantly with a rise in exercise intensity (p<0.05). Changes in the number of ASGs with rising exercise intensity paralleled changes in the SR, but the SGO did not change markedly with altered exercise intensity. These results suggest that in mildly heated humans, at less than 50% MVC, the increase in the SR from nonglabrous skin with rising exercise intensity during sustained static exercise is dependent on changes in the number of ASGs and not on SGO.

  CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN, 2002年04月, JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, 52(2) (2), 229 - 233, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Time-of-day effect on nonthermal control of sweating response to maintained static exercise in humans.

  Ken Aoki, Narihiko Kondo, Yoshihiro Shimomura, Koichi Iwanaga, Hajime Harada, Tetsuo Katsuura

  To investigate the influence of nonthermal factors in the time-of-day effect on the sweating response to maintained static exercise, eight healthy male subjects performed handgrip exercise at 20%, 35% and 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for 60 s at 0600 hours (morning) and at 1800 hours (evening). Oesophageal temperature ( T(oes)) before the experiment showed a diurnal rhythm [mean (SEM)] [36.3 (0.1) (morning) compared to 36.8 (0.1) degrees C (evening), P<0.01]. Experiments were conducted with subjects in a state of mild hyperthermia during which the mean skin temperature ( T(sk)) was kept constant at 35.5-36.5 degrees C using a water-perfused suit to activate sudomotor responses. The T(oes) and mean T(sk)remained stable during the pre-exercise, handgrip exercise and recovery periods. The response in sweating rate (DeltaSR) on the chest and forearm to handgrip exercise increased significantly with increasing exercise intensity in both the morning and evening tests ( P<0.05). The DeltaSR on the palm did not change significantly with increasing exercise intensity in the morning test ( P>0.1). During handgrip exercise at 50% MVC only, DeltaSR on the chest, forearm and palm in the evening was significantly higher than in the morning ( P<0.05). On the other hand, mean arterial blood pressure and the rating of perceived exertion during 50% MVC handgrip exercise were not significantly different between the morning and evening ( P>0.1). These results indicate the presence of a time-of-day effect on nonthermal control of the sweating response to isometric handgrip exercise, and that this effect is dependent on exercise intensity.

  2002年03月, European journal of applied physiology, 86(5) (5), 388 - 93, 英語, 国際誌

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Time of day effect on thermoregulatory responses to sustained static exercise.

  Aoki K, 近藤 徳彦, Shimomura Y, Yokoi M, Iwanaga K, Harada H, Katsuura T

  2002年, Eur J Appl Physiol, 86, 388 - 393, 英語

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  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The modulation of non-thermoregulatory sweat rate in humans

  Shibasaki M, Kondo N, Crandall CG

  2002年, Exercise Sport Science Review, 31, 34-39

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Sweating response to sustained handgrip exercise in physically trained men.

  Yanagimoto S, Aoki K, Horikawa N, Shibasaki M, Inoue Y, Nishiyasu T, 近藤 徳彦

  2002年, Acta Physiol Scand, 174, 31 - 39, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of rhythmic muscle compression on arterial blood pressure at rest and during dynamic exercise in humans

  T Nishiyasu, R Sone, N Tan, T Maekawa, N Kondo

  This study was designed to examine the hypothesis that a rhythmic mechanical compression of muscles would affect systemic blood pressure regulation at rest and during dynamic exercise in humans. We measured the changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) occurring (a) at rest with pulsed (350 ms pulses at 50 pulses min(-1)) or static compression (50 and 100 mmHg) of leg muscles with or without upper thigh occlusion, and (b) during 12-min supine bicycle exercise (75 W, 50 r.p.m.) with or without pulsed compression (50, 100, 150 mmHg) of the legs in synchrony with the thigh extensor muscle contraction. At rest with thigh occlusion, MAP increased by 4-8 mmHg during static leg compression, and by 5-9 mmHg during pulsed leg compression. This suggests that at rest pulsed leg compression elicits a reflex pressor response of similar magnitude to that evoked by static compression. During dynamic exercise without leg compression, MAP (having risen initially) gradually declined, but imposition of graded pulsed leg compression prevented this decline, the MAP values being significantly higher than those recorded without pulsed leg compression by 7-10 mmHg. These results suggest that the rhythmic increase in intramuscular pressure that occurs during dynamic exercise evokes a pressor response in humans.

  BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD, 2001年11月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 173(3) (3), 287 - 295, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Evidence for metaboreceptor stimulation of sweating in normothermic and heat-stressed humans

  M Shibasaki, N Kondo, CG Crandall

  1. Isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise increases sweat rate and arterial blood pressure, and both remain elevated during post-exercise ischaemia. The purpose of this study was to identify whether the elevation in arterial blood pressure during post-exercise ischaemia contributes to the increase in sweating. 2. In normothermia, and during whole-body heating, 2 min IHG exercise at 40 % maximal voluntary contraction, followed by 2 min post-exercise ischaemia, was performed with and without bolus intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside during the ischaemic period. Sodium nitroprusside was administered to reduce blood pressure during post-exercise ischaemia to pre-exercise levels. Sweat rate was monitored over two microdialysis membranes placed in the dermal space of forearm skin. One membrane was perfused with the acetyleholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine, while the other was perfused with the vehicle. 3. In normothermia, IHG exercise increased sweat rate at the neostigmine-treated site but not at the control site. Sweat rate remained elevated during post-exercise ischaemia even after mean arterial blood pressure returned to the pre-IHG exercise baseline. Subsequent removal of the ischaemia stimulus returned sweat rate to pre-IHG exercise levels. Sweat rate during postexercise ischaemia without sodium nitroprusside administration followed a similar pattern. 4. During whole-body heating, IHG exercise increased sweat rate at both neostigmine-treated and untreated sites. Similarly, regardless of whether mean arterial blood pressure remained elevated or was reduced during post-exercise ischaemia, sweat rate remained elevated during the ischaemic period. 5. These results suggest that sweating in non-glabrous skin during post-IHG exercise ischaemia is activated by metaboreflex stimulation and not via baroreceptor loading.

  CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2001年07月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 534(2) (2), 605 - 611, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Function of human eccrine sweat glands during dynamic exercise and passive heat stress

  N Kondo, M Shibasaki, K Aoki, S Koga, Y Inoue, CG Crandall

  The purpose of this study was to identify the pattern of change in the density of activated sweat glands (ASG) and sweat output per gland (SGO) during dynamic constant-workload exercise and passive heat stress. Eight male subjects (22.8 +/- 0.9 yr) exercised at a constant workload (117.5 +/- 4.8 W) and were also passively heated by lower-leg immersion into hot water of 42 degreesC under an ambient temperature of 25 degreesC and relative humidity of 50%. Esophageal temperature, mean skin temperature, sweating rate (SR), and heart rate were measured continuously during both trials. The number of ASG was determined every 4 min after the onset of sweating, whereas SGO was calculated by dividing SR by ASG. During both exercise and passive heating, SR increased abruptly during the first 8 min after onset of sweating, followed by a slower increase. Similarly for both protocols, the number of ASG increased rapidly during the first 8 min after the onset of sweating and then ceased to increase further (P > 0.05). Conversely, SGO increased linearly throughout both perturbations. Our results suggest that changes in forearm sweating rate rely on both ASG and SGO during the initial period of exercise and passive heating, whereas further increases in SR are dependent on increases in SGO.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2001年05月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 90(5) (5), 1877 - 1881, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of muscle mass on Vo(2) kinetics at the onset of work

  S Koga, TJ Barstow, T Shiojiri, T Takaishi, Y Fukuba, N Kondo, M Shibasaki, DC Poole

  The dependence of O-2 uptake ((V) over dot o(2)) kinetics on the muscle mass recruited under conditions when fiber and muscle recruitment patterns are similar following the onset of exercise has not been determined. We developed a motorized cycle ergometer that facilitated one-leg (1L) cycling in which the electromyographic (EMG) profile of the active muscles was not discernibly altered from that during two-leg (2L) cycling. Six subjects performed 1L and 2L exercise transitions from unloaded cycling to moderate [<ventilatory threshold (VT)] and heavy (>VT) exercise. The 1L condition yielded kinetics that was unchanged from the 2L condition [the phase 2 time constants (tau (1), in s) for <VT were as follows: 1L = 16.8 +/- 8.4 (SD), 2L = 18.4 +/- 8.1, P > 0.05; for >VT: 1L = 26.8 +/- 12.0; 2L = 27.8 +/- 16.1, P > 0.05]. The overall (V) over dot o(2) kinetics (mean response time) was not significantly different for the two exercise conditions. However, the gain of the fast component (the amplitude/work rate) during the 1L exercise was significantly higher than that for the 2L exercise for both moderate and heavy work rates. The slow-component responses evident for heavy exercise were temporally and quantitatively unaffected by the 1L condition. These data demonstrate that, when leg muscle recruitment patterns are unchanged as assessed by EMC analysis, on-transient ire, kinetics for both moderate and heavy exercise are not dependent on the muscle mass recruited.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2001年02月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 90(2) (2), 461 - 468, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of exercise intensity on the sweating response to a sustained static exercise

  N Kondo, H Tominaga, M Shibasaki, K Aoki, S Okada, T Nishiyasu

  To investigate how the sweating response to a sustained handgrip exercise depends on changes in the exercise intensity, the sweating response to exercise was measured in eight healthy male subjects. Each subject lay in the supine position in a climatic chamber (35 degrees C and 50% relative humidity) for similar to 60 min. This exposure caused sudomotor activation by increasing skin temperature without a marked change in internal temperature. After this period, each subject performed isometric handgrip exercise [15, 30, 45, and 60% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] for 60 s. Although esophageal and mean skin temperatures did not change with a rise in exercise intensity and were similar at all exercise intensities, the sweating rate (SR) on the forearm increased significantly (P < 0.05) from baseline (0.094 +/- 0.021 mg cm(-2) min(-1) at 30% MVC, 0.102 +/- 0.022 mg cm(-2) min(-1) at 45% MVC, 0.059 +/- 0.009 mg cm(-2) min(-1) at 60% MVC) in parallel with exercise intensity above exercise intensity at 30% MVC (0.121 +/- 0.023 mg cm(-2) min(-1) at 30% MVC, 0.242 +/- 0.051 mg cm(-2) min(-1) at 45% MVC, 0.290 +/- 0.056 mg cm(-2) min(-1) at 60% MVC). Above 45% MVC, SR on the palm increased significantly from baseline (P < 0.05). Although SR on the forearm and palm tended to increase with a rise in exercise intensity, there was a difference in the time courses of SR between sites. SR on the palm showed a plateau after abrupt increase, whereas SR on the forearm increased progressively during exercise. These results suggest that the increase in SR with the increase in sustained handgrip exercise intensity is due to nonthermal factors and that the magnitude of these factors during the exercise may be responsible for the magnitude of SR.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2000年05月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 88(5) (5), 1590 - 1596, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 人における運動時の熱放散反応

  近藤 徳彦, 芝崎 学, 青木 健

  2000年03月, 兵庫体育・スポーツ科学, 9, 1-13

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 人の熱放散反応を改善する可能性がある温度以外の要因

  近藤 徳彦, 富永寛隆, 芝崎 学, 青木 健

  2000年, 第21巻デサントスポーツ科学, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 人における運動時の熱放散反応

  近藤 徳彦, 芝崎 学, 青木 健

  2000年, 体育・スポーツ科学, 9, 1 - 13, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 運動時の酸素摂取応答動態の個人差を規定する要因

  古賀俊策, 福場良之, 福岡義之, 塩尻智之, 近藤 徳彦

  2000年, 小野スポーツ科学, 8, 25 - 34, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• マイクロダイアリシスを用いた汗腺機能の評価

  芝崎 学, Crandall CG, 近藤 徳彦

  2000年, 第21巻デサントスポーツ科学, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Relationship between skin blood flow and sweating rate in prepubertal boys and young men

  M Shibasaki, Y Inoue, N Kondo, K Aoki, K Hirata

  We sought the mechanisms in the maturation-related change of skin blood flow to heat stress. Eight prepubertal boys (7-11 years) and 11 young men (21-25 years) were exposed to a mild passive heating [by placing the lower legs and feet in a 42 degrees C water bath for 60 min while sitting in a neutral air condition (25 degrees C, 45% relative humidity)]. No age-related differences were observed for the increase in rectal temperature [0.61 +/- 0.05 (SEM) vs. 0.62 +/- 0.09 degrees C in the boys and men at the end of the passive heating, respectively], mean skin temperature (34.51 +/- 0.28 vs. 34.81 +/- 0.27 degrees C) or metabolic heat production (68 +/- 4 vs. 60 +/- 3 W m(-2)) during the passive heating. During the healing age-related differences in skin blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and local sweating rate (m) over dot(sw)) varied by site; the boys had greater LDF on the chest and back, similar LDF on the forearm and thigh, lower (m) over dot(sw) on the chest and thigh, similar (m) over dot(sw) on the back, and greater (m) over dot(sw) on the forearm, compared with the men. The relationship between IDF and (m) over dot(sw) during the heat exposure was divided into three temporal phases: (a) an increase of LDF without an increase in (m) over dot(sw) (b) an increase of (m) over dot(sw) without the secondary increase of LDF, (c) a proportional increase of LDF and (m) over dot(sw). The increase of LDF in phase (a) and the slopes of the regression lines between the LDF and (m) over dot(sw) in phase (c) were significantly greater on the chest and back for the boys (P < 0.05), compared with the men, but not on the forearm and thigh. These results suggest: that the greater LDF observed on the trunk in the boys may be owing to a greater withdrawal of vasoconstrictor tone and a greater active vasodilation. Regional differences may exist in the maturation-related alterations in vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

  BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD, 1999年10月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 167(2) (2), 105 - 110, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Kinetics of oxygen uptake during supine and upright heavy exercise

  S Koga, T Shiojiri, M Shibasaki, N Kondo, Y Fukuba, TJ Barstow

  Kinetics of oxygen uptake during supine and upright heavy exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 87(1). 253-260, 1999.-It is presently unclear how the fast and slow components of pulmonary oxygen uptake (V overdot O-2) kinetics would be altered by body posture during heavy exercise [i.e., above the lactate threshold (LT)]. Nine subjects performed transitions from unloaded cycling to work rates representing moderate (below the estimated LT) and heavy exercise (V overdot O-2 equal to 50% of the difference between LT and peak Vet) under conditions of upright and supine positions. During moderate exercise, the steady-state increase in V overdot O-2 was similar in the two positions, but V overdot O-2 kinetics were slower in the supine position. During heavy exercise, the rate of adjustment of V overdot O-2 to the B-min value was; also slower in the supine position but was characterized by a significant reduction in the amplitude of the fast component, of V overdot O-2 without a significant slowing of the phase 2 time constant. However, the amplitude of the slow component was significantly increased, such that the end-exercise V overdot O-2 was the same in the two positions. The changes in V overdot O-2 kinetics for the supine vs. upright position were paralleled by a blunted response of heart rate at 2 min into exercise during supine compared with upright heavy exercise. Thus the supine position was associated with not only a greater amplitude of the slow component for V overdot O-2 but also, concomitantly, with a reduced amplitude of the fast component; this latter effect may be due, at least in part, to an attenuated early rise in heart rate in the supine position.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 1999年07月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 87(1) (1), 253 - 260, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Near-infrared monitoring of tissue oxygenation during application of lower body pressure at rest and during dynamical exercise in humans

  T Nishiyasu, N Tan, N Kondo, M Nishiyasu, H Ikegami

  During the application of a wide range of graded lower body pressures (LBP) (-50 to 50 mmHg), we examined how (1) the tissue oxygenation in the lower and upper parts of the body changes at rest, and (2) how tissue oxygenation changes in the lower extremities during dynamical leg exercise. We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure the changes induced by LBP in total Hb content and Hb oxygenation in seven subjects. At rest total Hb increased and Hb oxygenation decreased in the thigh muscles during -25 and -50 mmHg LBP, while both decreased during +25 and +50 mmHg LBP. However, in the forearm muscles during graded LBP, the pattern of change in total Hb was the reverse of that in the thigh. Measurements from the forehead showed changes only during +50 mmHg LBP. These results demonstrated that the pattern of change in total Hb and Hb oxygenation differed between upper and lower parts with graded LBP at rest. During dynamical leg exercise, total Hb and Hb oxygenation in the thigh muscles decreased during stepwise increases in LBP above -25 mmHg, Hb oxygenation decreasing markedly during +50 mmHg LBP. These results suggest that during dynamical exercise ii) LBP at +25 mmHg or more causes a graded decline in blood volume and/or flow in the thigh muscles. and (ii) especially at +50 mmHg LBP, the O-2 content may decrease markedly in active muscles. Our results suggest that NIRS can be used to monitor in a non-invasive and continuous fashion the changes in oxygenation occurring in human skeletal muscles and head during the graded changes in blood flow and/or volume caused by changes in external pressure and secondary reflexes both at rest and during dynamical exercise.

  BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD, 1999年06月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 166(2) (2), 123 - 130, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Modulation of the thermoregulatory sweating response to mild hyperthermia during activation of the muscle metaboreflex in humans

  N Kondo, H Tominaga, M Shibasaki, K Aoki, S Koga, T Nishiyasu

  1. To investigate the effect of the muscle metaboreflex on the thermoregulatory sweating response in humans, eight healthy male subjects performed sustained isometric handgrip exercise in an environmental chamber (35 degrees C and 50% relative humidity) at 30 or 45% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), at the end of which the blood circulation to the forearm was occluded for 120 s. The environmental conditions were such as to produce sweating by increase in skin temperature without a marked change in oesophageal temperature. 2. During circulatory occlusion after handgrip exercise at 30% MVC for 120 s or at 45% MVC for 60 s, the sweating rate (SR) on the chest and forearm (hairy regions), and the mean arterial blood pressure were significantly above baseline values (P < 0.05). There were no changes from baseline values in the oesophageal temperature, mean skin temperature, or SR on the palm (hairless regions). 3. During the occlusion after handgrip exercise at 30% MVC for 60 s and during the occlusion alone, none of the measured parameters differed from baseline values. 4. It is concluded that, under mildly hyperthermic conditions, the thermoregulatory sweating response on the hairy regions is modulated by afferent signals from muscle metaboreceptors.

  WILEY, 1999年03月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 515(2) (2), 591 - 598, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Modulation of the thermoregulatory sweating response to mild hyperthermia during activation of the muscle metaboreflex in humans

  N Kondo, H Tominaga, M Shibasaki, K Aoki, S Koga, T Nishiyasu

  1. To investigate the effect of the muscle metaboreflex on the thermoregulatory sweating response in humans, eight healthy male subjects performed sustained isometric handgrip exercise in an environmental chamber (35 degrees C and 50% relative humidity) at 30 or 45% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), at the end of which the blood circulation to the forearm was occluded for 120 s. The environmental conditions were such as to produce sweating by increase in skin temperature without a marked change in oesophageal temperature. 2. During circulatory occlusion after handgrip exercise at 30% MVC for 120 s or at 45% MVC for 60 s, the sweating rate (SR) on the chest and forearm (hairy regions), and the mean arterial blood pressure were significantly above baseline values (P < 0.05). There were no changes from baseline values in the oesophageal temperature, mean skin temperature, or SR on the palm (hairless regions). 3. During the occlusion after handgrip exercise at 30% MVC for 60 s and during the occlusion alone, none of the measured parameters differed from baseline values. 4. It is concluded that, under mildly hyperthermic conditions, the thermoregulatory sweating response on the hairy regions is modulated by afferent signals from muscle metaboreceptors.

  WILEY, 1999年03月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 515(2) (2), 591 - 598, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 身体の適応能-人にしかない，汗のすぐれた機能を中心に-

  近藤 徳彦

  神戸大学, 1999年, 人間科学研究, 7(1) (1), 59 - 69, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 光ファイバーを用いた赤外線鼓膜体温計の有用性

  近藤 徳彦, 芝崎 学, 堀川直幹

  石本記念デサントスポ-ツ科学振興財団事務局, 1999年, デサントスポーツ科学, 20(20) (20), 177 - 183, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Recent Advances in Physiological Anthropology. Sato M, Tokura H and Watanuki S, ed., The effect of circadian variation on regional difference in vasomotor response to heat stress.

  Aoki K, Kondo N, Katsuura T

  1999年, Kyushu University Press, chapt. 17,, 129-132

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Exercise, Nutrition and Environmental Stress Volume 1, Nose H, Gisolfi CV and Imaizumi K, ed., The control of sweating rate and skin blood flow during exercise

  Kondo N

  1999年, Cooper Publishing Group LLC, , 153-178

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of muscle temperature on oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise - Reply

  S Koga, T Shiojiri, N Kondo, RJ Barstow

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 1998年10月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 85(4) (4), 1593 - 1594, 英語

  [査読有り]


• 赤外線透過ファイバを用いた非接触型鼓膜体温計の開発

  芝崎 学, 近藤 徳彦, 森脇 俊道

  1998年10月, 人間工学, 34, 247-253

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Regional differences in the effect of exercise intensity on thermoregulatory sweating and cutaneous vasodilation

  N Kondo, S Takano, K Aoki, M Shibasaki, H Tominaga, Y Inoue

  To investigate regional body differences in the effect of exercise intensity on the thermoregulatory sweating response, nine healthy male subjects (23.2 +/- 0.4 year) cycled at 35, 50 and 65% of their maximal O-2 uptake ((V) over dot o(2max)) for 30 min at an ambient temperature of 28.3 +/- 0.2 degrees C and a relative humidity of 42.6 +/- 2.4%. Local sweating rate ((m) over dot(sw)) on the forehead, chest, back, forearm and thigh increased significantly with increases in the exercise intensity from 35 to 50% (V) over dot o(2max) and from 50 to 65% (V) over dot o(2max) (P < 0.05). The mean values for the density of activated sweat glands (ASG) at 50 and 65% (V) over dot o(2max) at the five sites were significantly greater than at 35% (V) over dot o(2max). The mean value of the sweat output per gland (SGO) also increased significantly with the increase in exercise intensity (P < 0.05). The patterns of changes in ASG and SGO with an increase in exercise intensity differed from one region of the body to another. Although esophageal temperature (T-es) threshold for the onset of sweating at each site was not altered by exercise intensity, the sensitivity of the sweating response on the forehead increased significantly from 35 to 50 and 65% (V) over dot o(2max) (P < 0.05). The threshold for cutaneous vasodilation lend to increase with exercise intensity, although the exercise intensity did not affect the sensitivity (the slope in the relationship T-es vs. percentage of the maximal skin blood flow) at each site. T-es threshold for cutaneous vasodilation on the forearm was significantly higher at 65% (V) over dot o(2max) than at either 35 or 50% (V) over dot o(2max). but this was not observed at the other sites, such as on the forehead and chest. These results suggest that the increase in (m) over dot(sw) seen with an increasing intensity of exercise depends first on ASG, and then on SGO, and the dependence of ASG and SGO on the increase in (m) over dot(sw) differs for different body sites. In addition, there are regional differences in the T-es threshold for vasodilation in response to an increase in exercise intensity.

  BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD, 1998年09月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 164(1) (1), 71 - 78, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Continuous measurement of tympanic temperature with a new infrared method using an optical fiber

  M Shibasaki, N Kondo, H Tominaga, K Aoki, E Hasegawa, Y Idota, T Moriwaki

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of an infrared tympanic thermometry by using an optical fiber for measuring tympanic temperature (T-ty). In the head cooling and facial fanning tests during normothermia, right T-ty, measured by this method (infrared-T-ty) and esophageal temperature (T-es) were not affected by decreased temple and forehead skin temperatures, suggesting that the infrared sensor in this system measured the infrared radiation from the tympanic membrane selectively. Eight male subjects took part in passive-heat-stress and progressive-exercise tests. No significant differences among infrared-T-ty, the left T-ty measured by thermistor (contact-T-ty), and T-es were observed at rest or at the end of each experiment, and there was no significant difference in the increase in these core temperatures from rest to the end. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the core temperature threshold at the onset of sweating and slope (the relationship of sweating rate vs. infrared-T-ty and vs. contact-T-ty). These results suggest that this method makes it possible to measure T-ty accurately, continuously, and more safely.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 1998年09月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 85(3) (3), 921 - 926, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 人の体温調節反応

  近藤 徳彦

  神戸大学, 1998年03月, 神戸大学発達科学部研究紀要, 5(2) (2), 55 - 66, 日本語


• Control of circadian variation in skin blood flow response to heat stress

  K Aoki, N Kondo, M Shibasaki, S Takano, T Katsuura, K Hirata

  Six male subjects had their lower legs immersed in water at 42 degrees C for 60 min at 4 different times of the day to study whether the skin blood flow response to passive heat stress shows circadian variation in the relationship between skin blood flow and local sweating rate. When skin blood flow was plotted against local sweating rate, three distinct phases were observed. Phase A, an increase in skin blood flow without sweating was maximal at night. But the slope of the regression line did not change over the day in Phase C. These findings suggest that there is circadian variation in the skin blood flow response before onset of sweating during passive heat stress. This variation might be related, in part, to the circadian rhythm in vasoconstrictor activity.

  CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN, 1998年02月, JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, 48(1) (1), 95 - 98, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The 1997 Nagano symposium on sports sciences. Nose H, Nadel ER and Morimoto T, ed.The effect of density of activated sweat glands and sweat output per gland on the change in sweating rate.

  Kondo N, Shibasaki M, Takano S, Aoki K, Moriwaki T, Inoue Y

  1998年, Cooper Publishing Group LLC, Sec. 6, chapt. 43,, 326-331, 英語

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The 1997 Nagano symposium on sports sciences. Nose H, Nadel ER and Morimoto T, ed.1) Effect of altered muscle temperature on oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise,

  Koga S, Shiojiri T, Kondo N, Shibasaki M, Poole DC, Barstow TJ

  1998年, Cooper Publishing Group LLC, Sec. 2, chapt. 17,, 139-143, 英語

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Control of circadian variation in skin blood flow response to heat stress

  Ken Aoki, Narihiko Kondo, Manabu Shibasaki, Seiji Takano, Tetsuo Katsuura, Kozo Hirata

  Six male subjects had their lower legs immersed in water at 42°C for 60 min at 4 different times of the day to study whether the skin blood flow response to passive heat stress shows circadian variation in the relationship between skin blood flow and local sweating rate. When skin blood flow was plotted against local sweating rate, three distinct phases were observed. Phase A, an increase in skin blood flow without sweating was maximal at night. But the slope of the regression line did not change over the day in Phase C. These findings suggest that there is circadian variation in the skin blood flow response before onset of sweating during passive heat stress. This variation might be related, in part, to the circadian rhythm in vasoconstrictor activity.

  The Physiological Society of Japan, 1998年, Japanese Journal of Physiology, 48(1) (1), 95 - 98, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Circadian variation in skin blood flow responses to passive heat stress

  K Aoki, N Kondo, M Shibasaki, S Takano, T Katsuura

  To examine whether there is a circadian variation in skin blood flow response to passive heat stress and maximal skin brood flow, which was measured by local warming to 42 degrees C for 45 min, we studied six men at an ambient temperature of 28 degrees C at four different times of day [0400-0700 (morning), 1000-1300 (daytime), 1600-1900 (evening), and 2200-0100 hours (night)], each time of day being examined on separate days. Heat stress at rest was performed by immersing the legs below the knee in hot water (42 degrees C) for 60 min. The esophageal temperature (T-es) at rest was significantly higher in the evening than in the morning. The maximal skin blood flow (SkBF(max)) on both sites, back and forearm, did not show a significant difference among the four times of day. The variation in T-es thresholds for cutaneous vasodilation to heat stress was similar to the circadian rhythm in resting T-es. The relationship of the percentage of SkBF(max) (%SkBF) with T-es was significantly lower in the morning than in the evening. The results suggest that the maximal skin blood flow during local warming does not show variation over the day,but the sensitivity of vasodilation to passive heat stress shows a circadian variation. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.

  PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 1997年12月, PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR, 63(1) (1), 1 - 5, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Circadian variation of sweating responses to passive heat stress

  K Aoki, N Kondo, M Shibasaki, S Takano, H Tominaga, T Katsuura

  The aim of present study was to examine whether sweating responses to passive heat stress change with the circadian rhythm of internal temperature. Six men bad their legs immersed in water at 42 degrees C for 60 min in an ambient temperature of 29 degrees C on four separate days. Experiments were conducted at four different times [06.00 h (morning), 12.00 h (daytime), 18.00 h (evening) and 24.00 h (night)]. We measured oesophageal temperature (T-oes), mean body temperature ((T) over bar(b)) local sweating rate ((m) over dot (sw)) on the forehead, back, forearm and thigh, the densities of activated sweat gland (ASG) on the back, forearm and thigh, and the frequency of sweat expulsion per minute (F-SW) which has been suggested to represent central sudomotor activity. Sweat gland output (SGO) on each site was calculated by dividing (m) over dot (sw) by ASG. ASG was significantly higher on the forearm than on the back and thigh, and SGO was significantly lower on the forearm than cn the back and thigh. However, ASG and SGO did not significantly change over the day. (T) over bar(b) and T-oes thresholds for the onset of sweating showed a significant change with both the temperature rhythms at rest prior to each procedure, while the slopes of the relationships F-SW - (T) over bar(b) and (m) over bar (sw) - F-SW showed no significant difference over the day. We suggest that the circadian variation of sweating response to passive heat stress is regulated by a central sudomotor mechanism rather than by sweat gland function.

  BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD, 1997年11月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 161(3) (3), 397 - 402, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effect of increased muscle temperature on oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise

  S Koga, T Shiojiri, N Kondo, TJ Barstow

  To test whether increased muscle temperature (T-m) would improve O-2 uptake ((V) over dotO(2)) kinetics, seven men performed transitions from rest to a moderate work rate [below the estimated lactate threshold (LTest)] and a heavy work rate ((V) over dotO(2) = 50% of the difference between LTest and peak (V) over dotO(2)) under conditions of normal T-m (N) and increased T-m (ii), produced by wearing hot water-perfused pants before exercise. Quadriceps T-m was significantly higher in H, but rectal temperature was similar for the two conditions. There were no significant differences in the amplitudes of the fast component of (V) over dotO(2) or in the time constants of the on and off transients for moderate and heavy exercise between the two conditions. The increment in (V) over dotO(2) between the 3rd and 6th min of heavy exercise was slightly but significantly smaller for Il than for N. These data suggest that elevated T-m before exercise onset, which would have been expected to increase O-2 delivery and off-loading to the muscle, had no appreciable effect on the fast exponential component of (V) over dotO(2) kinetics (invariant time constant). These data further suggest that elevated T-m does not contribute to the slow component of (V) over dotO(2) during heavy exercise.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 1997年10月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 83(4) (4), 1333 - 1338, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Sweating responses to passive and active limb movements

  Kondo N, Tominaga H, Shiojiri T, Shibasaki M, Aoki K, Takano S, Koga S, Nishiyasu T

  1997年09月, Journal of Thermal Biology, 22, 351-356

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Mechanisms of underdeveloped sweating responses in prepubertal boys

  Shibasaki M, Inoue Y, Kondo N

  1997年09月, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 76, 340-345

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Thermoregulation responses of prepubertal boys and young men during moderate exercise

  Shibasaki M, Inoue Y, Kondo N, Iwata A

  1997年08月, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 75, 212-218

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The effect of change in skin temperature due to evaporative cooling on sweating response during exercise

  N Kondo, M Nakadome, KR Zhang, T Shiojiri, M Shibasaki, K Hirata, A Iwata

  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are any effects of skin temperature changes on sweating response in the first few minutes of mild exercise. Six healthy males performed a bicycle exercise at 100 W (50 rpm) for 30 min under an ambient temperature of 23 degrees C (40% RH). Esophageal temperature (T-es), mean skin temperature ((T) over bar(sk)), local skin temperature at the lower left scapula (T-sl), local sweating rate ((M)over dot (sw)), and cutaneous blood flow by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were measured continuously. Although T-sl decreased markedly. just after the onset of sweating, (T) over bar(sk) did not change, (M)over dot (sw) did not increase constantly in the early stag es of exercise, and there was a temporary interruption in the increase of (M)over dot (sw). This interruption in sweating was affected by the rate of change in T-sl rather than by the absolute value of T-sl, since there was a positive and significant correlation between the time of the interruption in the increase of (M)over dot (sw) and the rate of decrease in T-sl (y=6.47x+0.04; r=0.86, P<0.05). The results suggest that sweating response in the early stages of exercise may be influenced by changes in local skin temperature due to evaporative cooling.

  SPRINGER VERLAG, 1997年04月, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY, 40(2) (2), 99 - 102, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Effects of reduced muscle temperature on the oxygen uptake kinetics at the start of exercise

  T Shiojiri, M Shibasaki, K Aoki, N Kondo, S Koga

  The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of reduced muscle temperature (T-m) on gas exchange kinetics and haemodynamics al the start of exercise. Six male subjects performed moderate cycle exercise under reduced (C) and normal (N) T-m conditions. T-m and rectal temperature were significantly reduced by immersion in cold water (by 6.6 degrees C and 1.8 degrees C, respectively). The increases in oxygen uptake (VO2) and oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) during phase 1 (abrupt increase after the start of exercise) were significantly tower under C than under N. The time constant for O-2 under C (36.0 +/- 7.7 (SD) s) was significantly greater than under N (27.5 +/- 4.4 s); however. the time constants of cardiac output under C (38.3 +/- 16.6 s) and N (33.7 +/- 18.5 s) were similar. These results suggest that the slower VO2 on-response under reduced T-m conditions is caused by decreased O-2 extraction in working muscle and/or by impairment of oxidative reactions by reduced muscle temperature.

  BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD, 1997年04月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 159(4) (4), 327 - 333, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The regional differences in sweating responses between athletes trained on land and in water

  Kondo N, Nishiyasu T, Nishiyasu M, Ikegami H

  1996年12月, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 74, 67-71

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The influence of work loads on regional differences in sweating rates

  S Takano, N Kondo, M Shibasaki, K Aoki, Y Inoue, A Iwata

  The influence of work loads (20, 40 and 60% V-O2max) on regional differences in sweating rates was investigated in six healthy male students, The ratios of local sweating rate (m(sw)) on the chest and back to estimated total sweating rate (mean m(sw) of four sites examined X body surface area) at 20% work load were significantly greater than those on the forearm and forehead, whereas the ratio on the forehead at 60% work load was greater than at the other sites, The ratios on the forearm at 40 and 60% work loads were significantly greater than at 20% work load. The regional differences in sweating rates change with the increase in work load as seen by the greater variation in the ratios of m(sw) on each site at 20% work load compared with 40 and 60% work loads. The results indicate that redistribution of this sweat activity to whole body or head with the rise in work load induces favorable conditions for evaporation and controlling brain temperature.

  CENTER ACAD PUBL JAPAN, 1996年04月, JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, 46(2) (2), 183 - 186, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Reexamination of tympanic membrane temperature as a core temperature

  KT Sato, NL Kane, G Soos, CV Gisolfi, N Kondo, K Sato

  Controversies surrounding tympanic temperature (T-ty) itself and techniques for measuring it have dampened the potential usefulness of T-ty in determining core temperature (operationally defined here as the body temperature taken at a deep body site). The present study was designed to address the following questions. 1) Can a tympanic membrane probe be made that is safer and more reliable than its predecessors? 2) Why is the effect of facial cooling and heating on T-ty so inconsistent in reports from different laboratories? 3) Is T-ty still useful as a measure of core temperature? Data from this study, obtained with a modified thermocouple probe, suggest that the widely reported facial skin cooling effect on T-ty is most probably due to thermal contamination from the surrounding ear canal wall and/or suboptimal contact of the probe sensor with the tympanic membrane because 1) T-ty that fell during facial cooling was increased to the precooling level by the repositioning of the probe sensor; 2) T-ty determined by using a probe with a larger sensor area (the sensor soldered to a steel wire ring) tended to fall in response to facial cooling, whereas T-ty determined with a thermally insulated probe ring did not; and 3) T-ty obtained under careful positioning of the insulated probe was relatively insensitive to facial cooling or heating. Because T-ty was practically identical to esophageal temperature (T-es) in the steady state, i.e., 36.83 +/- 0.20 (SD)degrees C for T-ty and 36.87 +/- 0.16 degrees C for T-es at room temperature (n = 11), and because facial cooling had little effect on both T-ty and T-es (36.86 +/- 0.17 degrees C for T-ty and 36.86 +/- 0.26 degrees C for T-es during facial or scalp skin cooling), we support the postulate that T-ty is a good measure of core temperature. The temperature transient in response to foot warming was detected 5 min (n = 2) faster with T-ty than with T-es. Thus, with further improvements in the design of the probe, T-ty can become a standard for determination of core body temperature.

  AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 1996年04月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 80(4) (4), 1233 - 1239, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• The influence of exercise intensity on sweating efficiency of the whole body in a mild thermal condition

  N Kondo, T Nishiyasu, H Ikegami

  To investigate whether the exercise intensity affects sweating efficiency (eta(sw)) during exercise under mild environmental conditions, six healthy males, aged 22 +/- 2 years, performed three bicycle ergometer exercises at varying intensities (73W: Ex-1, 103W: Ex-2 and 133W: Ex-3) for 40 min under the conditions of 25 degrees C room temperature, 50% relative humidity and 0.3-0.4 m s(-1) wind velocity. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, rectal temperature (T-re), mean skin temperature ((T) over bar(sk); 4 skin sites) and total sweat rate were determined intermittently throughout the experiments. Moreover, heat loss by evaporation (E), radiation (R), convection (C) and eta(sw) were calculated using the heat balance equations. The findings concerning thermoregulatory parameters under the three experimental conditions were summarized as follows: (1) the higher the exercise intensity, the larger the values of T-re and (T) over bar(sk) at the end of exercise and E, R and C during exercise (2) the mean values +/- SE of eta(sw) were 55.4 +/- 5.1, 63.2 +/- 5.2 and 58.5 +/- 1.9% for Ex-1, Ex-2 and Ex-3, respectively. The results suggest that exercise intensity would have no effect on eta(sw) in this mild thermal environment.

  TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 1996年02月, ERGONOMICS, 39(2) (2), 225 - 231, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Kinetics of oxygen uptake and cardiac output at onset of arm exercise

  S Koga, T Shiojiri, M Shibasaki, Y Fukuba, Y Fukuoka, N Kondo

  Pulmonary oxygen uptake (Vover dot(O2)) kinetics at onset of exercise is reported to be slower for arm than for leg exercise. This could be attributed to reduced cardiac output (Qover dot) or reduced arteriovenous O-2 content difference or both. To test this, Vover dot(O2), mean tissue oxygen consumption (Vover dot(O2T)), and Qover dot kinetics in arm cranking were compared with corresponding values found in leg cycling. The increase in Vover dot(O2) during phase 1 (abrupt increase after onset of exercise) was less in arm than in leg exercise, suggesting that immediate Qover dot adjustments to arm exercise were less pronounced. Mean response times (MRT, the relative rates at which a steady state was attained) for Vover dot(O2), Vover dot(O2T), and Qover dot were prolonged during arm exercise. The MRT of Vover dot(O2) in arm exercise at a given blood lactate increase was higher than in leg exercise. The delayed Vover dot(O2) kinetics in arm exercise might be due to delayed Qover dot kinetics and higher anaerobic glycolysis occurring early during arm exercise.

  ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 1996年02月, RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY, 103(2) (2), 195 - 202, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• Pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in nonsteady state.

  Koga S, Shiojiri T, Fukuba Y, Fukuoka Y, Kondo N

  1, 1996年01月, Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology, 15(1) (1), 1 - 4

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• コンピュータゲームが子どもの自律神経系反応に及ぼす影響

  城 仁士, 近藤 徳彦

  1995年12月, 教育心理学研究, 43, 418-423, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• THE EFFECT OF DIURNAL-VARIATION ON THE REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN SWEATING AND SKIN BLOOD-FLOW DURING EXERCISE

  K AOKI, T SHIOJIRI, M SHIBASAKI, S TAKANO, N KONDO, A IWATA

  The aim of the present study was to examine changes in the control of heat-dissipation responses to exercise associated with the diurnal variation in core temperature from the viewpoint of the regional response patterns. We studied seven men during exercise on a cycle ergometer at 100 W for 40 min at 25 degrees C at 0630 (morning) 1630 (evening) hours on 2 separate days. Oesophageal temperature (T-oes), local skin temperature, local sweating rate (m(sw)) on the forehead, back, forearm and thigh, and skin blood flow by laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF) on the back and forearm were measured continuously. The T-oes at rest was significantly higher in the evening than in the morning, the difference averaging approximately 0.4 degrees C (P < 0.05). The T-oes thresholds for each site in m(sw) and that for back in LDF were significantly different between the two times of day (P < 0.05). The change in T-oes thresholds for sweating and vasodilatation for morning and evening were similar to T-oes at rest. Although m(sw) on the forehead was significantly higher in the morning than in the evening, m(sw) on the back was significantly higher in the evening than in the morning (P < 0.05). Total local sweating rate (m(sw,tot)) for each site during exercise was significantly higher on the forehead than on the forearm in the morning, and on the back than on the forearm in the evening, respectively (P < 0.05). The results would suggest that the diurnal variation of heat-dissipation responses to exercise is influenced not only by a central controlling mechanism but also by changes in the regional differences.

  SPRINGER VERLAG, 1995年08月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY, 71(2-3) (2-3), 276 - 280, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• THE SWEATING RESPONSES OF ATHLETES TRAINED ON LAND AND IN WATER

  N KONDO, T NISHIYASU, H IKEGAMI

  In order to examine whether different sweating responses of athletes trained on land and in water may be ascribed to changes in the central sudomotor mechanisms and/or those of the peripheral mechanisms of sweat glands, we measured the local sweating rate at the left forearm (m(swf)) and the left scapula (m(sws)), the frequence of sweat expulsion (F-SW) and body temperatures (mean skin temperature and rectal temperature: T-re) in six runners and five soccer players (R group) and six swimmers (S group) during progressive thermal stress at rest (2 degrees C increase in ambient temperature every 15 min from 35 to 45 degrees C RH = 30-40%). T-re and heart rate at the end of experiment did not differ significantly between the groups (37.31 +/- 0.04 degrees C, 74.5 +/- 7.9 beats . min(-1) in the S group and 37.27 +/- 0.07 degrees C, 71.1 +/- 9.0 beats . min(-1) in the R group, respectively). The m(sws) and m(swf) at any given mean body temperature (($) over bar Tb) were greater in the S group than in the R group. Although the regression line showing the relationship between F-SW and ($) over bar Tb in the S group was shifted to the left of that in the R group, there was no significant difference in the slope of the lines. The m(sws)-F-SW or m(swf)-F-SW regression line was not different between the two groups. These results indicate that the higher sweating rate in the S group may be ascribed to a difference in the centrally derived sudomotor neural activity, but not to that in the peripheral mechanisms of sweat gland activity.

  CENTER ACAD PUBL JAPAN, 1995年, JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, 45(4) (4), 571 - 581, 英語

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• インピーダンス法による運動中の心拍出量の連続測定－非定常状態における心拍出量応答動態の評価への応用－

  塩尻 智之, 島名 孝次, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 岩田 敦

  1994年05月, 日本生理人類学雑誌, 13, 169-178

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 呼吸数によるAT推定法の限界に関する研究－呼吸と運動リズムとの同期が起こりにくい条件下において－

  島名 孝次, 塩尻 智之, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 岩田 敦

  1994年02月, 体力科学, 43, 84-91

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 中強度自転車運動初期におけるガス交換動態の日内変動

  塩尻 智之, 島名 孝次, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 岩田 敦

  1993年10月, 体力科学, 42, 455-460

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• PF306 ファミコンゲーム状況下でのストレス反応

  城 仁士, 近藤 徳彦

  日本教育心理学会, 1993年, 日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集, 35, 546 - 546, 日本語


• 0430809 一定負荷運動中における発汗量と皮膚血流量の初期応答に影響する要因について

  中留 学, 張 可人, 塩尻 智之, 島名 孝次, 近藤 徳彦, 岩田 敦

  社団法人日本体育学会, 1992年10月, 日本体育学会大会号, (43) (43), 341 - 341, 日本語


• 0430810 一定負荷運動中における発汗量と皮膚血流量の部位別変化に関する研究

  張 可人, 中留 学, 塩尻 智之, 島名 孝次, 平田 耕造, 近藤 徳彦, 岩田 敦

  社団法人日本体育学会, 1992年10月, 日本体育学会大会号, (43) (43), 342 - 342, 日本語


• 流速に応じたニューモタコグラフの補正法の開発－この方法を用いた呼気ガス連続測定システム－

  島名 孝次, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 岩田 敦

  1992年, 日本生理人類学雑誌, 11, 443-450

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 呼吸数によるAT推定の限界に関する研究.

  島名 孝次, 近藤 徳彦, 古賀 俊策, 樫本 朋子, 岩田 敦

  1991年11月, 日本生理人類学雑誌, 10, 237-242

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 運動時の発汗量の変化に対する中枢機構と末梢機構の関与.

  山崎 文夫, 近藤 徳彦, 池上 晴夫

  1991年10月, 日本生気象学会雑誌, 28, 95-106

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 反復する環境温の変化に対する皮膚温の応答性について

  山崎 文夫, 近藤 徳彦, 藤井 宣晴, 本間 幸子, 池上 晴夫

  1991年03月, いばらき体育・スポーツ科学, 5, 58-66

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 正弦波運動負荷に対するガス交換の応答特性－振幅応答及び位相差応答と有酸素能力との関係について－

  福岡 義之, 近藤 徳彦, 後藤 真二, 池上 晴夫

  1991年02月, 体力科学, 40, 60-63

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 041I09 運動がpH緩衝能に及ぼす一過性の影響

  藤井 宣晴, 近藤 徳彦, 曽根 涼子, 山崎 文夫, 本間 幸子, 池上 晴夫

  社団法人日本体育学会, 1989年09月, 日本体育学会大会号, (40) (40), 274 - 274, 日本語


• 041H08 情緒負荷及び運動負荷に対する循環反応の比較

  本間 幸子, 近藤 徳彦, 鍋倉 賢治, 池上 晴夫

  社団法人日本体育学会, 1989年09月, 日本体育学会大会号, (40) (40), 258 - 258, 日本語


• 乳酸消失からみたクーリング・ダウンの効果に関する研究－間欠的回復運動の場合

  稲沢 見矢子, 西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦, 池上 晴夫, 勝田 茂

  1988年09月, 体育学研究, 33, 145-153

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 汗の拍出頻度よりみた安静時と運動時の発汗調節の比較-非定常状態の場合について-

  近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳, 鍋倉 賢治, 池上 晴夫

  1987年12月, 日本生気象学会雑誌, 24, 135-144

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 筋ポンプが血液循環動態に及ぼす影響 (第3報)‐LBNP下の運動時に見られるtransientsな循環動態の変化

  西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦, 稲沢 見矢子, 池上 晴夫

  1987年08月, 体力科学, 36, 186-194

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）


• 環境温が持久性運動時の体温調節に及ぼす影響－個人差に着目して－

  近藤 徳彦, 池上 晴夫

  1986年10月, 体力科学, 35, 229-240

  [査読有り]

  研究論文（学術雑誌）

• Time to retire the notion that local and whole-body exercise thresholds are mechanistically linked?

  Richie P. Goulding, Simon Marwood, Tze-Huan Lei, Dai Okushima, David C. Poole, Thomas J. Barstow, Narihiko Kondo, Shunsaku Koga

  SPRINGER, 2023年02月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 123(2) (2), 419 - 420, 英語

  速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）


• Influence Of Body Position On Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake And Muscle Deoxygenation Kinetics During Cycle Exercise

  Richie P. Goulding, Dai Okushima, Simon Marwood, Tze-Tuan Lei, Narihiko Kondo, David Poole, Thomas J. Barstow, Shunsaku Koga

  LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2020年07月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 52(17) (17), 207 - 207, 英語

  研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）


• Influence Of Priming Exercise On Muscle Deoxygenation Kinetics During Upright And Supine Cycle Exercise

  Shunsaku Koga, Dai Okushima, Simon Marwood, Tze-Tuan Lei, Narihiko Kondo, David C. Poole, Thomas J. Barstow, Goulding P. Richie

  LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2020年07月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 52(17) (17), 207 - 208, 英語

  研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）


• Contrasting Patterns Of Respiratory And Locomotor Muscle Deoxygenation And Total Hemoglobin During Incremental Ramp Cycling

  Dai Okushima, T. Scott Bowen, Thomas J. Barstow, David C. Poole, Harry B. Rossiter, Narihiko Kondo, Shunsaku Koga

  LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2020年07月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 52(17) (17), 208 - 208, 英語

  研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）


• Effect Of Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation On O-2 Uptake And Quadriceps Deoxygenation During The Onset And Offset Of Exercise.

  Brynmor Breese, David Poole, Dai Okushima, Stephen Bailey, Andrew Jones, Narihiko Kondo, Tatsuro Amano, Shunsaku Koga

  LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2018年05月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 50(5) (5), 591 - 591, 英語

  研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）


• Do Contrasting Recruitment Patterns Underlie The Different Patterns Of Muscle Deoxygenation And Hemoglobin Response In Quadriceps Muscles?

  Dai Okushima, David C. Poole, Thormas J. Barstow, Narihiko Kondo, Shunsaku Koga

  LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2018年05月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 50(5) (5), 507 - 508, 英語

  研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）


• 音楽を用いたグループ・エクササイズがシニア世代のコミュニケーション・ネットワークに及ぼす効果

  岡田 修一, 増本 康平, 原田 和宏, 近藤 徳彦, 長ヶ原 誠, 片桐 恵子, 平川 和文

  2016年06月, 大阪ガスグループ福祉財団研究報告書, 29, 33 - 38, 日本語

  速報，短報，研究ノート等（大学，研究機関紀要）


• Greater Vo(2peak) Is Associated With Deoxygenation Amplitude, But Not Deoxygenation Kinetics, Across The Active Muscles

  Dai Okushima, David C. Poole, Thomas J. Barstow, Harry B. Rossiter, T. Scott Bowen, Tatsuro Amano, Narihiko Kondo, Shunsaku Koga

  LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2016年05月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 48(5) (5), 14 - 14, 英語

  研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）


• 前腕部における筋代謝受容器活動が自転車運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響

  天野達郎, 一之瀬真志, 井上芳光, 西保岳, 近藤徳彦

  2015年, 体力科学, 64(6) (6)


• Sex differences in acetylcholine-induced sweating responses due to physical training

  Yoshimitsu Inoue, Tomoko Ichinose-Kuwahara, Chie Funaki, Hiroyuki Ueda, Yutaka Tochihara, Narihiko Kondo

  Purpose: The present study examined sex differences in the sweat gland response to acetylcholine (ACh) in physically trained and untrained male and female subjects. Methods: Sweating responses were induced on the forearm and thigh in resting subjects by ACh iontophoresis using a 10% solution at 2 mA for 5 min at 26 degrees C and 50% relative humidity. Results: The ACh-induced sweating rate (SR) on the forearm and thigh was greater in physically trained male (P < 0.001 for the forearm and thigh, respectively) and female (P = 0.08 for the forearm, P < 0.001 for the thigh) subjects than in untrained subjects of both sexes. The SR was also significantly greater in physically trained males compared to females at both sites (P < 0.001) and in untrained males compared to females on the thigh (P < 0.02) only, although the degree of difference was greater in trained subjects than in untrained subjects. These sex differences can be attributed to the difference in sweat output per gland rather than the number of activated sweat glands. Conclusion: We conclude that physical training enhances the ACh-induced SR in both sexes but that the degree of enhancement is greater in male than in female subjects. The effects of physical training and sex on the SR may be due to changes in peripheral sensitivity to ACh and/or sweat gland size.

  BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2014年05月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, 33, 英語

  研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）


• 筋代謝受容器活動が安静温熱負荷時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響

  天野達郎, 一之瀬真志, 井上芳光, 西保岳, 古賀俊策, 近藤徳彦

  2014年, 日本生理人類学会誌, 19


• 筋からの複合的な求心性入力が発汗反応に及ぼす影響

  天野達郎, 一之瀬真志, 三輪樹生, 井上芳光, 西保岳, 近藤徳彦

  2012年, 体力科学, 61(6) (6)


• 安静加温時における動脈血圧反応と換気亢進反応との関係

  藤井直人, 一之瀬真志, 辻文, 渡邉和仁, 近藤徳彦, 西保岳

  2011年, 日本運動生理学会大会プログラム・抄録集, 19th


• 運動に関わる要因と熱放散システム

  近藤徳彦

  NAP, 2010年, 体温II-体温調節システムとその適応, 72 - 97


• 運動とエネルギー消費

  近藤 徳彦, 大上安奈

  2009年, 健康食品管理士会報, 4(3) (3), 1 - 8, 日本語

  [査読有り]

  その他


• 356. 運動トレーニングが運動時の深部体温上昇に伴う換気充進反応に及ぼす影響(環境,一般口演,第63回日本体力医学会大会)

  藤井 直人, 林 恵嗣, 小川 剛司, 近藤 徳彦, 古賀 俊策, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2008年12月01日, 体力科學, 57(6) (6), 810 - 810, 日本語


• Blood Flow Responses In Conduit Vessels Of The Inactive Limb During Passive Heating And Exercise

  Anna Ooue, Tomoko K. Ichinose, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Shunsaku Koga, Narihiko Kondo

  LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2008年05月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 40(5) (5), S335 - S335, 英語

  研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）


• 2-3 Heterogeneity of Quadriceps Muscle Deoxygenation Kinetics during Exercise(Proceedings of the 57th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  KOGA Shunsaku, SAITOH Tadashi, INOUE Yoshimitsu, OUE Anna, KONDO Narihiko

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2008年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 27(2) (2), 112 - 112, 英語


• 2-10 Femoral Artery Blood Flow during Knee-extension Exercise in Older Men(Proceedings of the 57th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  INOUE Yoshimitsu, SAKOTA Tae, KICHINOSE Tomoko, OOUE Anna, KONDO Narihiko, KOGA Shunsaku

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2008年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 27(2) (2), 114 - 114, 英語


• 286. CO_2吸入が暑熱下運動時における体温上昇に伴う換気反応や脳血流反応に及ぼす影響(環境,第62回日本体力医学大会)

  朴 恵嗣, 藤井 直人, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2007年12月01日, 体力科學, 56(6) (6), 721 - 721, 日本語


• 294. 摂取する水温差が高温下運動中における循環・体温調節反応に及ぼす影響(環境,第62回日本体力医学大会)

  近藤 徳彦, 大上 安奈, 井上 芳光, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2007年12月01日, 体力科學, 56(6) (6), 725 - 725, 日本語


• 287. 安静時における深部体温上昇に伴う換気亢進と化学受容器換気調節及び脳血流の関係(環境,第62回日本体力医学大会)

  藤井 直人, 朴 恵嗣, 小川 剛司, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2007年12月01日, 体力科學, 56(6) (6), 722 - 722, 日本語


• 150. 安静温熱負荷時と脚運動時における上腕部静脈の血流応答特性(呼吸・循環,第62回日本体力医学会大会)

  大上 安奈, 井上 芳光, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 2007年12月01日, 体力科學, 56(6) (6), 653 - 653, 日本語


• 運動時の発汗と体温調節

  近藤 徳彦

  2007年03月, MB Derma, 124: 20-20, 日本語

  記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）


• 暑熱下運動時における換気反応と体温調節反応や有酸素運動能力との関係

  林恵嗣, 林恵嗣, 本田靖, 小川剛司, 古賀俊策, 近藤徳彦, 西保岳

  2007年, 日本生理人類学会誌, 12


• 1-17 Sweat Responses of Older and Young Women during Passive Heat Exposure(Proceedings of the 56th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  INOUE Yoshimitsu, ICHINOSE Tomoko K, OOUE Anna, UEDA Hiroyuki, KONDO Narihiko, KOGA Syunsaku

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2007年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 26(6) (6), 610 - 610, 英語


• S07-1 Non-Thermal Factors Associated with Exercise Modify Heat Loss Responses in Humans(Proceedings of The 8th International Congress of Physiological Anthropology) :

  KONDO Narihiko, OOUE Anna, KOGA Shunsaku, NISHIYASU Takeshi

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2007年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 26(2) (2), 271 - 271, 英語


• 346. 運動時における上腕部の動脈および静脈の血流応答特性(環境, 第61回 日本体力医学会大会)

  大上 安奈, 一之瀬 智子, 井上 芳光, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 2006年12月01日, 体力科學, 55(6) (6), 751 - 751, 日本語


• 337. 長時間間欠運動時におけるヒトの体温調節反応(環境, 第61回 日本体力医学会大会)

  近藤 徳彦, 一之瀬 智子, 大上 安奈, 井上 芳光, 西保 岳, 古賀 俊策

  日本体力医学会, 2006年12月01日, 体力科學, 55(6) (6), 747 - 747, 日本語


• 338. 安静時の体温上昇に伴う脳血流低下及ぼす換気亢進の影響(環境, 第61回 日本体力医学会大会)

  林 恵嗣, 藤井 直人, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2006年12月01日, 体力科學, 55(6) (6), 747 - 747, 日本語


• 深部体温上昇に伴う換気亢進反応 安静時と運動時の比較

  藤井 直人, 林 恵嗣, 近藤 徳彦, 征矢 英昭, 西保 岳

  (一社)日本体力医学会, 2006年12月, 体力科学, 55(6) (6), 748 - 748, 日本語


• 体温上昇に伴う脳血流低下に及ぼす換気亢進の影響

  林恵嗣, 本田靖, 藤井直人, 古賀俊策, 近藤徳彦, 西保岳

  2006年, 日本生理人類学会誌, 11


• 1-15 Thresholds of Skin Sensitivity to Warm and Cold in Older Men(Proceedings of the 55th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  ICHINOSE-KUWAHARA Tomoko, ASASHIMA Chie, OOUE Anna, UEDA Hiroyuki, KONDO Narihiko, KOGA Syunsaku, INOUE Yoshimitsu

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(6) (6), 387 - 388, 英語


• 1-23 Blood Flow Responses in Upper Arm Veins and Forearm Cutaneous Vessels during Exercise(Proceedings of the 55th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  OOUE Anna, ICHINOSE-KUWAHARA Tomoko, INOUE Yoshimitsu, KOGA Shunsaku, KONDO Narihiko

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(6) (6), 389 - 389, 英語


• 1-10 The Effect of Hyperventilation on Reduction of Cerebral Blood Flow Induced by the Increase in Body Temperature(Proceedings of the 55th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  HAYASHI Keiji, HONDA Yasushi, FUJII Naoto, KOGA Shunsaku, KONDO Narihiko, NISHIYASU Takeshi

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(6) (6), 386 - 386, 英語


• 1-14 Effect of Aging on Brachial and Femoral Artery Blood Flow during Passive Heating(Proceedings of the 55th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  ASASHIMA Chie, ICHINOSE-KUWAHARA Tomoko, OOUE Anna, ARAKI Tsutomu, KONDO Narihiko, KOGA Syunsaku, INOUE Yoshimitsu

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(6) (6), 387 - 387, 英語


• 1-16 Aging Process of Sweating Mechanisms(Proceedings of the 55th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  INOUE Yoshimitsu, ASASHIMA Chie, ICHINOSE-KUWAHARA Tomoko, OOUE Anna, UEDA Hiroyuki, KONDO Narihiko, KOGA Syunsaku

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(6) (6), 388 - 388, 英語


• Sex Differences in Effects of Physical Training on Sweat Gland Function (Proceedings of the 54th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  KUWAHARA Tomoko, OGURA Yukio, KONDO Narihiko, INOUE Yoshimitsu

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(2) (2), 200 - 200, 英語


• 147.筋代謝受容器刺激時における末梢血管調節に関する研究 : 末梢血管抵抗の自発性変動に注目して(呼吸・循環,一般口演,第60回 日本体力医学会大会)

  一之瀬 真志, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2005年12月01日, 体力科學, 54(6) (6), 492 - 492, 日本語


• 301.非温熱性要因が長時間運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響(環境,一般口演,第60回 日本体力医学会大会)

  近藤 徳彦, 桑原 智子, 大上 安奈, シャムス-ディン エイ ケイ エム, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2005年12月01日, 体力科學, 54(6) (6), 569 - 569, 日本語


• 306.運動時における体温上昇に伴う換気亢進反応と有酸素運動能力との関係(環境,一般口演,第60回 日本体力医学会大会)

  林 恵嗣, 小川 剛司, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2005年12月01日, 体力科學, 54(6) (6), 571 - 571, 日本語


• 運動時の深部体温上昇に伴う換気亢進反応に脱水が及ぼす影響

  藤井 直人, 近藤 徳彦, 北 智弘, 林 恵嗣, 征矢 英昭, 西保 岳

  (一社)日本体力医学会, 2005年12月, 体力科学, 54(6) (6), 569 - 569, 日本語


• S-601 Change in Heat Loss Responses after Three Month Endurance Training in Young Women

  Kuwahara Tomoko, Inoue Yoshimitsu, Ooue Anna, Ogura Yukio, Kondo Narihiko

  人間-生活環境系学会, 2005年09月12日, 人間-生活環境系シンポジウム報告集, 5, 36 - 36, 英語


• 2-15 Effects of Menstrual Cycle and Physical Training on Heat Loss Responses during Dynamic Exercise at Moderate Intensity in a Temperate Environment(Proceedings of the 53rd Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  KUWAHARA Tomoko, OGURA Yukio, KONDO Narihiko, INOUE Yoshimitsu

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2005年, Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science, 24(5) (5), 564 - 564, 英語


• 2-12 Effects of Menstrual Cycle and Physical Training on Heat Loss Responses during Dynamic Exercise at Moderate Intensity in a Temperate Environment : 2-12 Effects of Menstrual Cycle and Physical Training on Heat Loss Responses during Dynamic Exercise at Moderate Intensity in a Temperate Environment

  KUWAHARA Tomoko, KONDO Narihiko, INOUE Yoshimitsu

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2005年, Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science, 24(2) (2), 195 - 195, 英語


• ハンドグリップ運動時における動脈圧受容器反射調節の経時的変化 : 筋交感神経活動からみて(呼吸・循環, 第59回日本体力医学会大会)

  一之瀬 真志, 斉藤 満, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 711 - 711, 日本語


• 運動トレーニングに伴う発汗機能の亢進に性差はあるのか?(環境, 第59回日本体力医学会大会)

  小倉 幸雄, 桑原 智子, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 796 - 796, 日本語


• Effect of ambient temperature on ions reabsorption capacity of the sweat gland during exercise in humans

  シャムスーディン エイ. ケイ. エム., 桑原 智子, 大上 安奈, 野村 知加, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 799 - 799, 英語


• 縦断的持久性運動トレーニングが若年女性の運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響(環境, 第59回日本体力医学会大会)

  桑原 智子, 大上 安奈, シャムスーディン A. K. M., 小倉 幸雄, 井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 798 - 798, 日本語


• 運動時の深部体温上昇に伴う換気亢進と体温上昇割合の関係(環境, 第59回日本体力医学会大会)

  林 恵嗣, 小川 剛司, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 789 - 789, 日本語


• 温熱ストレス時における上腕動脈と尺側皮静脈血流量の関係(環境, 第59回日本体力医学会大会)

  大上 安奈, 桑原 智子, シャムスーディン エイ・ケイ・エム・, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 794 - 794, 日本語


• 新世紀の地域一体型老人介護施設における自立支援介護サービスの開発とその評価

  城 仁士, 青木 務, 二宮 厚美, 岡田 由香, 近藤 徳彦, 杉万 俊夫, 小田 利勝, 小花 和尚子

  2004年03月, 科学研究費補助金（基盤研究 B1）研究成果報告書, , 全251p(1p-7p,137p-164p,213p-2, 日本語

  その他


• 1-4 Effects of Physical Training on Heat Loss Responses during Passive Heating in Young Women(Proceedings of the 51st Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  KUWAHARA Tomoko, KONDO Narihiko, INOUE Yoshimitsu

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2004年, Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science, 23(5) (5), 173 - 173, 英語


• 2-7 Dynamics of Muscle Oxygen Consumption and Blood Flow at Exercise Onset(Proceedings of the 50th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :

  KOGA Shunsaku, KONDO Narihiko, FUKUBA Yoshiyuki, MIURA Akira, SHIOJIRI Tomoyuki

  Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2004年, Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science, 23(2) (2), 62 - 62, 英語


• 357. 起立性ストレス下での筋交感神経活動と心拍調節の関係(呼吸・循環)

  一之瀬 真志, 斉藤 満, 林 恵嗣, 和田 浩幸, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2003年12月01日, 体力科學, 52(6) (6), 893 - 893, 日本語


• 346. 異なる2種類の陽圧呼吸法が循環系に及ぼす影響(呼吸・循環)

  和田 浩幸, 斉藤 満, 一之瀬 真志, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 西保

  日本体力医学会, 2003年12月01日, 体力科學, 52(6) (6), 887 - 887, 日本語


• 12. 深部体温と皮膚温が筋交感神経活動へ及ぼす影響(環境)

  林 恵嗣, 斎藤 満, 小川 剛司, 一之瀬 真志, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2003年12月01日, 体力科學, 52(6) (6), 720 - 720, 日本語


• 15. 運動トレーニングが若年女性の運動強度と汗腺活動の関係に及ぼす影響(環境)

  桑原 智子, 内山 朋子, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  日本体力医学会, 2003年12月01日, 体力科學, 52(6) (6), 722 - 722, 日本語


• 392. 運動時の発汗反応に貢献するセントラルコマンドと代謝性の筋からの求心性入力(体液・内分泌)

  芝崎 学, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 2003年12月01日, 体力科學, 52(6) (6), 910 - 910, 日本語


• 常温環境下での中等度運動時における若年女性の熱放散反応特性 : 女性ホルモンおよび体力レベルの影響

  桑原 智子, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  2003年10月01日, 日本生気象学会雑誌, 40(3) (3), S48, 日本語


• 心肺圧受容器減負荷時における頚動脈圧受容器反射の動的特性に関する研究

  一之瀬真志, 斉藤満, 近藤徳彦, 西保岳

  2003年, 日本運動生理学会大会プログラム・抄録集, 11th


• 2P16 Modulation of arterial baroreflex dynamic response during orthostatic stress in humans :

  Ichinose Masashi, Saito Mitsuru, Kondo Narihiko, Nishiyasu Takeshi

  Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology, 2003年, Advances in exercise and sports physiology, 9(4) (4), 187 - 187, 英語


• 113.暑熱環境下の運動における活動部位冷却に関する研究(呼吸・循環)

  林 恵嗣, 近藤 徳彦, 小川 剛司, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 599 - 599, 日本語


• 272.持久性運動トレーニング者と非トレーニング者の高温環境下における動的運動開始時の熱放散反応特性(環境)

  柳本 周治, 桑原 智子, 張 遠, 井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 678 - 678, 日本語


• 270.寒冷環境下における体温調節反応の性周期・性差(環境)

  野村 知加, 桑原 智子, 小倉 幸雄, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 677 - 677, 日本語


• 277.性周期および運動トレーニングが常温環境下での運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響(環境)

  桑原 智子, 野村 知加, 柳本 周治, 小倉 幸雄, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 681 - 681, 日本語


• 278.DIFFERENCES OF SWEATING PATTERN BY SIMULTANEOUSLY MEASURING SWEAT RATE AND SINGLE-SWEAT-GLAND ACTIVITY DURING EXERCISE IN HUMANS

  AKM Shamsuddin, 柳本 周治, 桑原 智子, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 681 - 681, 英語


• 280.温熱負荷時におけるヒトの皮膚交感神経活動と熱放散反応との対応関係(環境)

  近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳, AKM Shamsuddin, 斉藤 満

  日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 682 - 682, 日本語


• 284.運動トレーニングが皮膚血流量と発汗量の対応関係に及ぼす影響(環境)

  小倉 幸雄, 桑原 智子, 野村 知加, 石指 宏通, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 684 - 684, 日本語


• 「冷え性」申告者の耐寒反応

  野村 知加, 桑原 智子, 米浪 直子, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  2002年10月01日, 日本生気象学会雑誌, 39(3) (3), S40, 日本語


• 1P9 The effect of muscle metaboreflex on arterial baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity :

  Ichinose Masashi, Saito Mitsuru, Wada Hiroyuki, Kitano Asami, Kondo Narihiko, Nishiyasu Takeshi

  Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology, 2002年, Advances in exercise and sports physiology, 8(4) (4), 168 - 168, 英語


• 2F3 The relationships between heat loss responses and exercise intensity at the onset of dynamic exercise in a warm environment :

  YANAGIMOTO Shuji, KONDO Narihiko

  Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology, 2002年, Advances in exercise and sports physiology, 8(4) (4), 162 - 162, 英語


• 161.筋代謝受容器反射活性時における頚動脈圧受容器反射を介した筋交感神経活動の調節(【呼吸・循環】)

  一之瀬 真志, 斉藤 満, 北野 旭美, 和田 浩幸, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2001年12月01日, 体力科學, 50(6) (6), 813 - 813, 日本語


• 168.近赤外分光画像法による指静脈の可視化と末梢循環動態の計測(【呼吸・循環】)

  斉藤 太計雄, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 2001年12月01日, 体力科學, 50(6) (6), 816 - 816, 日本語


• 333.運動トレーニングが若年女性の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響(【環境】)

  桑原 智子, 井上 芳光, 小倉 幸雄, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 2001年12月01日, 体力科學, 50(6) (6), 899 - 899, 日本語


• 466.暑熱下における皮膚血流量反応の性周期・性差

  井上 芳光, 小倉 幸雄, 浅見 尚子, 上田 博之, 石指 宏通, 芝崎 学, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 2000年12月01日, 体力科學, 49(6) (6), 899 - 899, 日本語


• 462.思春期前児童における運動時の発汗・皮膚血流量反応

  浅見 尚子, 井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦, 田中 喜代次

  日本体力医学会, 2000年12月01日, 体力科學, 49(6) (6), 897 - 897, 日本語


• 461.発汗能の性周期・性差

  小倉 幸雄, 井上 芳光, 浅見 尚子, 上田 博之, 石指 宏通, 芝崎 学, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 2000年12月01日, 体力科學, 49(6) (6), 897 - 897, 日本語


• 464.Normothermia時の発汗反応に影響する非温熱性要因

  芝崎 学, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  日本体力医学会, 2000年12月01日, 体力科學, 49(6) (6), 898 - 898, 日本語


• The effect of endurance training on heat loss responses to isometric handgrip exercise in humans :

  YANAGIMOTO Shuji, AOKI Ken, KONDO Narihiko

  Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology, 2000年, Advances in exercise and sports physiology, 6(4) (4), 190 - 190, 英語


• 182.高齢者における運動強度の増大に伴う発汗反応の変化

  井上 芳光, 上田 博之, 石指 宏道, 中尾 美喜夫, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 1999年12月01日, 体力科學, 48(6) (6), 803 - 803, 日本語


• 498.筋代謝受容器からの求心性入力が発刊反応に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦, 富永 寛隆, 芝崎 学, 堀川 直幹, 西保 岳

  日本体力医学会, 1998年12月01日, 体力科學, 47(6) (6), 951 - 951, 日本語


• 356.発汗開始時と定常状態時の発汗反応に及ぼす非温熱性要因の影響

  堀川 直幹, 芝崎 学, 富永 寛隆, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 1998年12月01日, 体力科學, 47(6) (6), 880 - 880, 日本語


• 596.アイソメトリックハンドグリップ運動に対する発汗反応

  富永 寛隆, 芝崎 学, 堀川 直幹, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 1997年12月01日, 体力科學, 46(6) (6), 910 - 910, 日本語


• 588.赤外線透過ファイバを用いた非接触型鼓膜体温計の妥当性の検討

  芝崎 学, 森脇 俊道, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 1997年12月01日, 体力科學, 46(6) (6), 906 - 906, 日本語


• 490.発汗量の増加に伴う汗腺数と単一汗腺あたりの汗出力の変化

  近藤 徳彦, 芝崎 学, 富永 寛隆, 堀川 直幹

  日本体力医学会, 1997年12月01日, 体力科學, 46(6) (6), 857 - 857, 日本語


• 310.発汗量および皮膚血流量の身体部位差と運動強度

  井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 1996年12月01日, 体力科學, 45(6) (6), 759 - 759, 日本語


• 33. 運動時における思春期前児童の体温調節反応特性

  芝崎 学, 井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦

  日本運動生理学会事務局, 1995年, 日本運動生理学雑誌, 2(1) (1), 48 - 48, 日本語


• 子供の体温調節特性

  芝崎 学, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  神戸大学, 1995年, 人間科学研究, 3(1) (1), 99 - 108, 日本語


• 精神性負荷と運動負荷では自律神経系反応が異なるのか?

  近藤 徳彦, 武井 義明, 柴 眞理子[他]

  神戸大学, 1995年, 人間科学研究, 3(1) (1), 1 - 6, 英語


• 356.暑熱環境下における児童の皮膚血流量

  芝崎 学, 井上 芳光, 上田 博之, 近藤 徳彦, 岩田 敦

  日本体力医学会, 1994年12月01日, 体力科學, 43(6) (6), 684 - 684, 日本語


• 腕運動における非定常状態の心拍出量応答動態 : 一般口演 : 生理人類学会第31回大会

  古賀 俊策, 塩尻 智之, 近藤 徳彦, 島名 孝次

  生理人類学研究会, 1994年, The Annals of physiological anthropology, 13(2) (2), 89 - 89, 英語


• ワープロ作業下におけるストレス反応

  城 仁士, 小花和 尚子, 近藤 徳彦[他]

  神戸大学, 1994年, 人間科学研究, 2(1) (1), 1 - 7, 日本語


• 461.インピーダンスカルジオグラフィによる運動中の心拍出量応答動態の評価

  塩尻 智之, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 岩田 敦

  日本体力医学会, 1993年12月01日, 体力科學, 42(6) (6), 797 - 797, 日本語


• 呼吸パターンが漸増負荷運動時の呼吸ガスパラメータに及ぼす影響について(第2報) : AT前後で呼吸パターンをを変化させた場合

  中留 学, 近藤 徳彦, 岩田 敦

  神戸大学, 1993年03月, 神戸大学教育学部研究集録, 90, 43 - 47, 日本語


• 呼吸パターンが漸増負荷運動時の呼吸ガスパラメーター及ぼす影響(第2報) : AT前後で呼吸パターンを変化させた場合

  中留 学, 近藤 徳彦, 岩田 敦

  神戸大学, 1993年03月, 神戸大学教育学部研究集録, 90, 49 - 52, 日本語


• 呼吸パタ-ンが漸増負荷運動時の吸気ガスパラメ-タ-に及ぼす影響について-1-

  中留 学, 近藤 徳彦, 岩田 敦

  神戸大学教育学部, 1993年03月, 神戸大学教育学部研究集録, (90) (90), p43 - 47, 日本語


• Evaluation of acomputer controlled-system for assessing respiratory gas exchange using this method : Development of a New Method for Calibration of Pueumotachograph According to Flow Rate :

  SHIMANA Takatsug, NAKADOME Manabu, CHO Kajin, SHIOJIRI Tomoyuki, KOGA Shunsaku, KONDO Narihiko, UWATA Atsushi

  生理人類学研究会, 1993年, The Annals of physiological anthropology, 12(2) (2), 118 - 118, 英語


• 229.運動時の発汗調節に影響する要因に関する研究 : 深部体温上昇率を等しくした場合について

  近藤 徳彦, 島名 孝次

  日本体力医学会, 1992年12月01日, 体力科學, 41(6) (6), 765 - 765, 日本語


• 光電容積計による血圧動態変数計測上の問題

  武井 義明, 平川 和文, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 1991年12月01日, 体力科學, 40(6) (6), 568 - 568, 日本語


• 16.水中でトレーニングしている者と陸上でトレーニングしている者の発汗調節の比較 : 汗の露出頻度を用いて : 生理人類学会第25回大会

  近藤 徳彦, 伊藤 一生, NAGAI J, TAKAHASHI G, MATSUMOT0 M, 池上 晴夫

  生理人類学研究会, 1991年, The Annals of physiological anthropology, 10(2) (2), 118 - 119, 英語


• 9.腕運動におけるガス交換動態 : 生理人類学会第26回大会

  古賀 俊策, 近藤徳彦

  生理人類学研究会, 1991年, The Annals of physiological anthropology, 10(4) (4), 251 - 251, 英語


• 常温環境下における運動時の発汗効率に関する研究 : 運動強度の影響について

  近藤 徳彦, 池上 晴夫, 伊藤 一生, 岩田 敦

  神戸大学, 1990年09月, 神戸大学教育学部研究集録, 85, 123 - 131, 日本語


• 13.環境温の変化に対する皮膚温の追従性について : 第87回 日本体力医学会関東地方会

  山崎 文夫, 近藤 徳彦, 池上 晴夫

  日本体力医学会, 1990年04月01日, 体力科學, 39(2) (2), 151 - 152, 日本語


• 232.陸上でトレーニングしている者と水中でトレーニングしている者の運動時発汗調節の比較 : 生物科学III (環境・訓練,管理など)

  近藤 徳彦, 伊藤 一生, 後藤 真二, 西保 岳, 高橋 伍郎, 池上 晴夫

  日本体力医学会, 1989年12月01日, 体力科學, 38(6) (6), 482 - 482, 日本語


• 105. 長時間運動中に起こる心周期分画の変動(第2報) : 心臓に関する生理科学的研究

  鍋倉 賢治, 近藤 徳彦, 福岡 義之, 曽根 涼子, 永井 純, 池上 晴夫

  日本体力医学会, 1988年12月01日, 体力科學, 37(6) (6), 533 - 533, 日本語


• 10. 運動の開始,終了及び強度の変化に伴って起こる心周期分画のTRANSIENTな変動 : 運動生理学的研究I : 第42回日本体力医学会大会

  池上 晴夫, 鍋倉 賢治, 西保 岳, 姜 熙成, 後藤 真二, 佐竹 昌之, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 1987年12月01日, 体力科學, 36(6) (6), 346 - 346, 日本語


• 乳酸消失からみたク-リング・ダウンに関する研究--特に漸減強度の回復期運動の効果について

  池上 晴夫, 稲沢 見矢子, 近藤 徳彦

  筑波大学体育科学系, 1986年03月, 筑波大学体育科学系紀要, (9) (9), p151 - 158, 日本語


• 79.ウォーミング・アップが運動時血中乳酸値に及ぼす影響 : 運動生理学的研究I : 第40回日本体力医学会大会

  後藤 真二, 池上 晴夫, 西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦

  日本体力医学会, 1985年12月01日, 体力科學, 34(6) (6), 401 - 401, 日本語


• 97.筋のポンプ作用に関する研究 : 下半身陰圧負荷に対する自転車運動の影響からみた考察 : 運動生理学的研究I

  西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦, 姜 煕成, 稲沢 見矢子, 池上 晴夫

  日本体力医学会, 1984年12月01日, 体力科學, 33(6) (6), 373 - 373, 日本語

• 健康運動指導士養成講習会テキスト上巻 環境と運動（1）（2）

  近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  その他, 南江堂, 2019年03月, 日本語

  教科書・概説・概論


• アクティブ・エイジング・プロジェクト縦断調査報告書〜大学による介入プログラムの効果〜

  朴木 佳緒留, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 長ヶ原 誠, 片桐 恵子, 増本 康平, 竹中 優子, 福沢 愛

  共著, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2015年06月, 日本語

  調査報告書


• キーワード 人間と発達［増補改訂版］ III. 行動と健康

  秋元 忍, 石川 哲也, 伊東 惠子, 稲場 圭信, 岡田 由香, 小田 利勝, 川畑 徹朗, 河辺 章子, 近藤 徳彦, 齋藤 健司, 高田 義弘, 高見 和至, 武井 義明, 田中 洋一, 長ヶ原 誠, 中村 晴信, 平川 和文, 藤田 大輔, 前田 正登, 柳田 泰義, 山口 泰雄, 吉田 圭吾

  共著, 大学教育出版, 2007年04月, 日本語

  学術書


• 体温調節

  近藤 徳彦

  最新スポーツ科学事典, 2006年09月, 日本語

  その他


• 高齢者の発達を支援する環境づくり，城 仁士編集，生理学的適応からみた高齢者の温度環境

  近藤 徳彦

  共著, ナカニシヤ, 2005年06月

  学術書


• キーワード 人間と発達 III. 行動と健康

  秋元 忍, 石川 哲也, 伊東 惠子, 稲場 圭信, 岡田 由香, 小田 利勝, 川畑 徹朗, 河辺 章子, 近藤 徳彦, 齋藤 健司, 高田 義弘, 武井 義明, 田中 洋一, 長ヶ原 誠, 平川 和文, 藤田 大輔, 前田 正登, 柳田 泰義, 山口 泰雄, 吉田 圭吾

  共著, 大学教育出版, 2005年04月, 日本語

  学術書


• Measuring PO2 kinetics: the practicalities. In Kinetics in Sport, Exercise and Medicine, Jones AM and Pool DC ed

  Koga S, Shiojiri T, Kondo N

  共著, Cooper Publishing Group LLC, 2004年

  学術書


• 健康スポーツ科学，浅野勝己，田中喜代次編集，体温調節と運動・スポーツ

  近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  共著, 文光堂, 2004年01月

  学術書


• Exercise, Nutrition and Environmental Stress Volume 1, Nose H, Gisolfi CV and Imaizumi K, ed., Pulmonary and muscle oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise,

  Koga S, Barstow TJ, Shiojiri T, Fukuba Y, Kondo N, Fukuoka Y, Shibasaki M, Poole DC

  共著, Cooper Publishing Group LLC, 2003年

  学術書


• 体温－運動時の体温調節システムとそれを修飾する要因

  平田 耕一, 井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦

  共著, ナップ, 2002年09月

  学術書


• 使えるスポーツサイエンス, 征矢英昭，本山 貢，石井好二郎編集，分担：スポーツと体温

  芝崎 学, 近藤 徳彦

  共著, 講談社, 2002年05月

  学術書


• 新運動生理学 (上下巻)，宮村実晴編集，分担：運動と体温

  近藤 徳彦

  単著, 真興交易医書, 2001年

  学術書


• 身体機能の調節性，池上 晴夫編集，分担：運動と発汗調節

  近藤 徳彦, 山崎 文夫

  共著, 朝倉書店, 1997年03月

  学術書


• 人間科学計測ハンドブック，分担：発汗（ヒトの代謝，呼吸，循環，体温調節機能)

  近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光, 芝崎 学

  共著, 技報道, 1996年10月

  学術書


• Pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in nonsteady state

  Koga S, Shiojiri T, Fukuba Y, Fukuoka Y, Kondo N

  共著, Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 1996年01月

  学術書

• 就業とワーク・エンゲイジメントが中高齢夫婦の精神的健康に及ぼす影響

  原田 和弘, 増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦

  第61回日本老年社会科学会大会, 2019年06月, 日本語, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 中高齢者における家事・仕事時間と運動・身体活動量との関連：横断分析および縦断分析

  原田 和弘, 増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦

  第73回日本体力医学会大会, 2018年09月, 日本語, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• 運動・身体活動の実践が高齢夫婦の精神的健康と夫婦関係に及ぼす影響

  原田 和弘, 増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦

  日本心理学会第82回大会, 2018年09月, 日本語, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• アンケートデータを用いた交流ネットワーク推定手法

  佐藤 智久, 谷口 隆晴, 増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦, 岡田 修一

  日本応用数理学会2018年度年会, 2018年09月, 日本語, 愛知, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• 進化の過程で獲得した汗の役割

  近藤 徳彦

  第26日本発汗学会総会, 2018年07月, 日本語, 国内会議

  公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等


• 運動時における発汗調節研究のこれまでとこれから

  近藤 徳彦

  第26回日本発汗学会総会, 2018年07月, 日本語, 国内会議

  口頭発表（招待・特別）


• 中高齢夫婦における身体活動・座位行動の相互関連性

  原田 和弘, 増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦

  第60回日本老年社会科学会大会, 2018年06月, 日本語, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• 外出が高齢者の健康関連Quality of Lifeに及ぼす影響

  原田 和宏, 増本 康平, 片桐 恵子, 福沢 愛, 長ヶ原 誠, 近藤 徳彦, 岡田 修一

  第18回日本健康支援学会年次学術大会, 2017年03月, 日本語, 東京工業大学, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• QOLの規定因に関する世代間比較：物質的豊かさの不足を補う要因に関する検討

  福沢 愛, 片桐 恵子, 増本 康平, 長ヶ原 誠, 近藤 徳彦, 岡田 修一

  社会心理学会第57回大会, 2016年09月, 日本語, 関西学院大学, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• Interventions increase community interactions among elderly adults: Evidence from an urban area in Japan.

  KATAGIRI KEIKO, MASUMOTO KOUHEI, OKADA SHUICHI, KONDO NARIHIKO, CHOGAHARA MAKOTO, FUKUZAWA AI

  31st International Conference of Psychology (ICP2016), 2016年07月, 英語, Yokohama, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• A study of the relation between Japanese elderly people's satisfaction with their current life and their level of social participation: Based on the role of social networks.

  FUKUZAWA AI, KATAGIRI KEIKO, MASUMOTO KOUHEI, KONDO NARIHIKO, CHOGAHARA MAKOTO, OKADA SHUICHI

  31st International Conference of Psychology (ICP2016), 2016年07月, 英語, Yokohama, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• 地域コミュニティ構造の変化と改善に対する統計解析手法

  河崎 素乃美, 谷口 隆晴, 増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦, 岡田 修一

  日本応用数理学会第12回研究部会連合発表会, 2016年03月, 日本語, 神戸学院大学, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• 地域コミュニティの構造変化に対する検定理論

  河崎 素乃美, 谷口 隆晴, 増本 康平, 近藤徳彦, 岡田修一

  応用数学合同研究集会, 2015年12月, 日本語, 龍谷大学, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• 地域高齢者を対象とした健康教室による参加者間交流ネットワーク形成に関する研究

  増本 康平, 近藤 徳彦, 松田 弘志, 谷 英昭, 谷口 隆晴, 竹中 優子, 戸塚 圭介, 岡田 修一

  日本老年社会科学会第57回大会, 2015年06月, 日本語, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 地域住民における世代間交流志向の関連要因

  片桐 恵子, 竹中 優子, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 長ヶ原 誠, 増本 康平, 朴木 佳緒留

  日本社会心理学会, 2014年11月, 日本語, 北海道大学, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• 高齢期の生産的活動と主観的健康

  片桐 恵子, 竹中 優子, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 長ヶ原 誠, 増本 康平, 朴木 佳緒留

  老年社会科学会第56回大会, 2014年06月, 日本語, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON ACTIVE AGING IN JAPANESE COMMUNITY RESIDENTS: THE FOCUS ON LISTENING MUSIC AND MUSICAL ATTITUDE

  竹中 優子, 朴木 佳緒留, 岡田 修一, 長ヶ原 誠, 近藤 徳彦, 増本 康平

  The 20th IAGG World Congress of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2013年06月, 英語, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• 長時間間欠運動時におけるヒトの体温調節反応

  近藤 徳彦

  第61回日本体力医学会大会, 2007年09月, 日本語, 神戸市, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 近赤外分光法による活動筋酸素摂取動態測定に対する高強度運動の影響

  齊藤 直, 大上 安奈, 近藤 徳彦, 古賀 俊策

  生体医工学シンポジウム2007, 2007年09月, 日本語, 北海道大学, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• The effect of non-thermal factors on heat loss responses during exercise in humans

  Kondo N, Inoue Y, Koga S, Nishiyasu T

  12th International Conference for Enviromental Ergonomics, 2007年08月, 英語, Slovenia, 国際会議

  口頭発表（招待・特別）


• 運動時からみた人の熱放散特性

  近藤 徳彦

  人間-生活環境系学会『屋外熱環境デザイン研究委員会第２回研究交流会』, 2007年03月, 日本語, 神戸大学, 国内会議

  [招待有り]

  口頭発表（招待・特別）


• 運動に関わる要因がヒトの熱放散反応に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦

  体温調節、温度受容研究会, 2007年01月, 日本語, 自然科学研究機構, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• Heat loss responses during exercise and sports performance (keynote lecture

  Kondo N

  1st Asian Pacific Sports Science Conference 2005, The University of Malaysia Sabah, 2005年09月, Malaysia,, 国際会議

  口頭発表（招待・特別）


• The effects of non-thermal factors on heat loss responses during exercise (keynote lecture)

  Kondo N

  3rd International Conference on the Human-Environment System, 2005年07月, 東京, 日本, 国際会議

  口頭発表（招待・特別）


• 運動時の循環・体温調節特性とスポーツウエア

  近藤 徳彦

  第13回運動生理学会, 2005年06月, 東京, 日本, 国内会議

  口頭発表（招待・特別）


• The effects of non-thermal factors on heat loss responses during exercise

  Kondo N

  Department of Kinesiology, University of West Ontario, 2005年03月, Canada,, 国際会議

  口頭発表（招待・特別）


• 体温と運動の機能的連関 (教育講座：近藤徳彦, 彼末一之)

  近藤 徳彦, 彼末 一之

  第59回日本体力医学会, 2004年09月, 埼玉, 日本, 国内会議

  口頭発表（招待・特別）


• Tシャツの材料特性の違いが、異なる湿度環境下での体温調節反応に及ぼす影響

  井上 真理, 近藤 徳彦

  日本家政学会 第56回大会, 2004年08月, 日本語, 日本家政学会, 京都, 日本, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• Tシャツの材料特性の違いが、異なる湿度環境下での衣服内環境に及ぼす影響

  井上 真理, AKM Shamsuddi, 柳本 周治, 桑原 智子, 山田 由佳子, 近藤 徳彦

  日本繊維製品消費科学会2004年年次大会, 2004年06月, 日本語, 日本繊維製品消費科学会, 大阪, 日本, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• Heat loss responses at the onset of dynamic exercise in endurance-trained men under mildly heated conditions

  Kondo N, Yanagimoto S, Kuwahara T, Zhang Y, Koga S, Inoue Y

  American College of Sports Medicine 51th Annual Meeting, 2004年, ,, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• Effects of ambient temperature on sweat conductivity during exercise in humans

  Shamsuddin AKM, Kuwahara T, Zhang Y, Oue A, Nomura C, Kondo N

  American College of Sports Medicine 51th Annual Meeting, 2004年, ,, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• 運動時の熱放散反応とその調節

  近藤 徳彦

  第17回運動と体温の会研究会, 2003年07月, 名古屋,, 国内会議

  口頭発表（招待・特別）


• 深部体温と皮膚温が筋交感神経活動に及ぼす影響

  林 恵嗣, 斉藤 満, 小川 剛司, 一之瀬 真志, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  第58回日本体力医学会, 2003年, 静岡,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 起立性ストレス下での筋交感神経活動と心拍調節の関係

  一之瀬 真志, 斉藤 満, 林 恵嗣, 和田 浩幸, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  第58回日本体力医学会, 2003年, 静岡,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 運動時の発汗反応に貢献するセントラルコマンドと代謝性の筋からの求心性入力

  芝崎 学, 近藤 徳彦

  第58回日本体力医学会, 2003年, 静岡,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 運動トレーニングが若年女性の運動強度と汗腺活動の関係に及ぼす影響

  桑原 智子, 内山 朋子, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  第58回日本体力医学会, 2003年, 静岡,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 異なる2種類の陽圧呼吸法が循環系に及ぼす影響

  和田 浩幸, 斉藤 満, 一之瀬 真志, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  第58回日本体力医学会, 2003年, 静岡,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• Changes in sweat rate and sweat conductivity during passive heating in humans

  Shamsuddin AKM, Yanagimoto S, Kuwahara T, Zhang Y, Nomura C, Kondo N

  American College of Sports Medicine 50th Annual Meeting, 2003年, ,, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• Changes in skin sympathetic nerve activity and heat loss responses to passive heating in humans

  Kondo N, Nishiyasu T, Saito M

  American College of Sports Medicine 50th Annual Meeting, 2003年, ,, 国際会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• 運動と体温 (司会と演者) 運動時の熱放散反応とその調節

  近藤 徳彦

  第11回日本運動生理学会, 2002年03月, ,, 国内会議

  口頭発表（招待・特別）


• 性周期および運動トレーニングが常温環境下での運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響

  桑原 智子, 野村 知加, 柳本 周治, 小倉 幸雄, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 暑熱環境下の運動における活動部位冷却に関する研究

  林 恵嗣, 近藤 徳彦, 小川 剛司, 西保 岳

  第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 持久性運動トレーニング者と非トレーニング者の高温環境下における動的運動開始時の熱放散反応特性

  柳本 周治, 桑原 智子, 張 遠, 井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦

  第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 高温環境下における動的運動開始時の熱放散反応と運動強度との関係

  柳本 周治, 近藤 徳彦

  第10回日本運動生理学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• 筋代謝受容器反射が動脈圧受容器反射による筋交感神経活動調節に及ぼす影響

  一之瀬 真志, 斉藤 満, 北野 旭美, 和田 浩幸, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  第10回日本運動生理学会, 2002年, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• 寒冷環境下における体温調節反応の性周期・性差

  野村 知加, 桑原 智子, 小倉 幸雄, 近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光

  第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 温熱負荷時におけるヒトの皮膚交感神経活動と熱放散反応との対応関係

  近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳, Shamsuddin AKM, 斉藤 満

  第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• Effects of muscle metaboreceptor stimulation on skin blood flow in glabrous and non-glabrous skin during mild heating in humans

  Kondo N, Yanagimoto S, Inoue M, Shibasaki M, Koga S, Nishiyasu T, Crandall CG

  American College of Sports Medicine 49th Annual Meeting, 2002年, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• Differences of sweating pattern by simultaneously measuring sweat rate and single-sweat-gland activity during exercise in humans

  Shamsuddin AKM, 柳本 周治, 桑原 智子, 近藤 徳彦

  第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 近赤外分光画像法による指静脈の可視化と末梢循環動態の計測

  斉藤 太計雄, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  56回日本体力医学会, 2001年, ,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 筋代謝受容器反射活性時における頸動脈圧受容器反射を介した筋交感神経活動の調節

  一之瀬 真志, 斉藤 満, 北野 旭美, 和田 浩幸, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  第56回日本体力医学会第, 2001年, ,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• 運動トレーニングが若年女性の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響

  桑原 智子, 井上 芳光, 小倉 幸雄, 近藤 徳彦

  第56回日本体力医学会, 2001年, ,, 国内会議

  ポスター発表


• The effect of pedaling rate on thermoregulatory responses to dynamic cycle exercise in humans

  Kondo N, Yamaguchi Y, Yanagimoto S, Inoue M, Inoue Y, Koga S

  International Thermal Physiology Symposium, 2001年, ,, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• Sweating responses during activation of the muscle metaboreflex in endurance trained human

  Yanagimoto S, Inoue M, Aoki K, Kondo N

  American College of Sports Medicine 48th Annual Meeting, 2001年, ,, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• The effect of endurance training on sweating responses to sustained static exercise in humans

  Kondo N, Yanagimoto S, Aoki K, Shibasaki M, Inoue Y, Nishiyasu T

  American College of Sports Medicine 47th Annual Meeting, 2000年09月, ,, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• 持久性トレーニングが静的掌握運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響

  柳本 周治, 青木 健, 近藤 徳彦

  第8回日本運動生理学会, 2000年, ,, 国内会議

  口頭発表（一般）


• The time of day effect on sweating response during activation of muscle metaboreflex

  Aoki K, Kondo N, Shimomura Y, Iwanaga K, Harada H, Katsuura T

  American College of Sports Medicine 47th Annual Meeting, 2000年, ,, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• The dependence of activated sweat glands on changing sweating rate during sustained static exercise in humans

  Kondo N, Yanagimoto S, Aoki K, Shibasaki M, Inoue Y

  The Integrative Biology of Exercise, American Physiology Society Intersociety Meeting, 2000年, ,, 国際会議

  ポスター発表


• The control of sweating and skin blood flow responses to exercise in humans

  Kondo N

  1999 Sports Science Network Forum, Nagano, 1999年10月, 長野, 日本, 国際会議

  口頭発表（招待・特別）


• 042I03 運動強度の違いが運動時の発汗調節に及ぼす影響について : 非定常状態の場合(4.運動生理,一般研究A)

  近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳, 曽根 涼子, 権 五晟, 池上 晴夫

  日本体育学会大会号, 1988年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会


• 汗の拍出頻度よりみた安静時と運動時の発汗調節の比較-非定常状態の場合について-

  近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳, 鍋倉 賢治, 池上 晴夫

  日本生気象学会雑誌, 1987年12月


• 041311 運動中の血中乳酸動態に対するウォーミング・アップ効果に関する一考察(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)

  後藤 真二, 姜 煕成, 西保 岳, 加藤 幸司, 近藤 徳彦, 鍋倉 賢治, 池上 晴夫

  日本体育学会大会号, 1987年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会


• 041207 運動中及び回復期の気道抵抗の変化(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)

  姜 煕成, 佐竹 昌之, 後藤 真二, 近藤 徳彦, 池上 晴夫

  日本体育学会大会号, 1987年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会


• 043115 水中トレーニング群と陸上トレーニング群の運動時発汗調節の比較(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)

  近藤 徳彦, 佐竹 昌之, 姜 煕成, 池上 晴夫

  日本体育学会大会号, 1987年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会


• 筋ポンプが血液循環動態に及ぼす影響 (第3報)‐LBNP下の運動時に見られるtransientsな循環動態の変化

  西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦, 稲沢 見矢子, 池上 晴夫

  体力科学, 1987年08月


• 環境温が持久性運動時の体温調節に及ぼす影響－個人差に着目して－

  近藤 徳彦, 池上 晴夫

  体力科学, 1986年10月


• 043117 運動時と安静時の体温調節反応の比較 : 汗の拍出頻度(Fsw)と平均体温,発汗量の関係を中心に(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)

  近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳, 鍋倉 賢治, 池上 晴夫

  日本体育学会大会号, 1986年10月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会


• 041107 下肢筋の等尺性収縮による起立性低血圧の予防に関する研究(第2報)(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)

  池上 晴夫, 西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦, 後藤 真二, 姜熙 成

  日本体育学会大会号, 1986年10月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会


• 041105 運動開始時及び終了時点の循環動態における筋ポンプ作用の関与(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)

  西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦, 稲沢 見矢子, 池上 晴夫

  日本体育学会大会号, 1986年, 日本語, 一般社団法人 日本体育学会


• 041220 運動による肺抵抗の変化(4.運動生理学,一般研究)

  姜 熙成, 西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦, 佐竹 昌之, 池上 晴夫

  日本体育学会大会号, 1985年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会


• 041210 筋ポンプが血液循環動態に及ぼす影響(第2報)(4.運動生理学,一般研究)

  西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦, 稲沢 見矢子, 姜 熙成, 池上 晴夫

  日本体育学会大会号, 1985年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会


• 043303 環境温の変化が持久性運動に及ぼす影響 : 特に個人差を中心に(4.運動生理学,一般研究)

  近藤 徳彦, 姜 熙成, 池上 晴夫

  日本体育学会大会号, 1985年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会


• 4061 激運動後の回復時運動が血中乳酸値に及ぼす影響(4.運動生理学,一般研究)

  近藤 徳彦, 稲沢 見矢子, 池上 晴夫

  日本体育学会大会号, 1984年10月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会

• 汗腺機能の発達と老化におけるアセチルコリン性交感神経ペプチドの役割解明

  井上 芳光, 天野 達郎, 近藤 徳彦, 奥島 大

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 大阪国際大学, 2021年04月01日 - 2025年03月31日

  R3年度は先行研究で報告されているカルシトニン遺伝子関連ペプチド（CGRP）による発汗増幅作用を経皮薬剤投与法で評価するための方法論の確立を目指して研究を進めた。先行研究を参考に①0.01～0.02％濃度のCGRP，②0.0001～1％濃度のピロカルピン，③1％濃度のサルブタモールのイオントフォレーシスを方法を変えながら（それぞれ単独投与，混合投与，時間をおいて順次投与）前腕部に投与した時の発汗反応を記録した。研究対象者は健康な成人男女8名程度であった。いずれの条件においてもCGRPを単独で投与してもその部位で発汗反応は認められなかった。CGRPはムスカリン受容体活動時の発汗反応を増大させると考えられることから，ピロカルピン投与時の増幅作用が確認できるかどうかを検討したが，対象条件（CGRPなし）と比較して発汗反応が増大するわけではなかった。むしろピロカルピン濃度が低い場合には発汗量が低下してしまった。 その他にもより生理的な条件下でCGRPによる発汗増幅作用が認められるかどうかを検討するため，暑熱環境下（35℃）でCGRPを投与したり，CGRP投与後に静的膝伸展運動を行って発汗増幅作用が認められるかどうかも数名で検討したものの，そのような応答は認められなかった。 CGRPは申請者がこれまで使っていた薬剤よりも分子が大きいため（MW：4000弱），経皮投与できていない可能性も考えられたことから，CGRPのイオントフォレーシスを行う前にマイクロニードルパッチを処置することで皮膚透過性を上げた検討も行ったが，結果は変わらなかった。さらにCGRPは血管を強力に拡張させる作用があることから，投与部位の皮膚血流量を測定してみると，血管拡張が認められた。そのため，定量的ではないものの，CGRPはいくらかは皮膚に投与されていると推察される。


• 熱中症予防と皮膚の健康に欠かせないフレッシュな汗の量と成分の測定法開発

  近藤 徳彦, 笠間 敏博, 井上 芳光, 藤井 直人, 天野 達郎

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽), 挑戦的研究(萌芽), 神戸大学, 2021年07月09日 - 2023年03月31日

  進化の過程で獲得した人の汗は高温下での安静時や運動時の体温維持，日常生活での皮膚の健康と密接に関わり，我々の生活の質(QOL)を支えている．社会的問題である熱中症予防にはこの機能をどのように改善するかが重要となる．発汗機能は汗の量と質の両面から検討する必要があるが，これまでの分析では次の課題があった．1）フレッシュな汗の成分の絶対値が測定できない．2）汗の量と汗の成分の絶対値を短い間隔で，同時に，また，同じ部位（皮膚）から計測できない．これらの課題を解決するために新しい発汗測定のデバイスを開発し，従来の方法との比較からこのデバイスの有効性を検討する．
  2021年度はフレッシュな汗の量と成分の絶対値を同時に測定する方法の開発を実施した．汗を抽出する方法として溝が皮膚面にのみついているシリコンプレートを作成し，皮膚に密着させた ．汗は溝を通りピペット状の容器に貯まるり，この容器に貯まった汗の量と成分を一定間隔で分析した．シリコン板にデバイスを密着し，塩分濃度の異なる溶液を注入し，それをピペット状容器で収集し，塩分濃度の異なる溶液と測定した濃度との間の関係を検討した．その結果高い相関関係が得られた．一方，汗の量に関係するピペット内の量はシリコン板との皮膚密着程度で差が生じた．また，当初このセンサーを用いて膝から下を湯（42°C）に浸し，体温上昇により引き起こされた汗が新デバイスで測定できるか確認する予定であったが，新型コロナウイルス感染下での実験制限と先の課題解決が不十分のため，実施出来なかった．一方，今回の方法以外にバイオセンサーをプレートに配置し，汗の成分測定が可能かどうかも同時に検討した．しかし，フレッシュな汗の成分分析をどのようにするのかの課題が残った．


• ヒト熱放散反応におけるTRPチャネルの役割解明 -熱中症予防法確立を目指して-

  藤井 直人, 天野 達郎, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 筑波大学, 2020年04月01日 - 2023年03月31日

  TRPA1チャネルの活性化は、in vivoでヒトの皮膚の血管拡張を引き起こす。しかし、この反応のメカニズムについては不明な点が多い。本年度は、TRPA1チャネルによる皮膚血管拡張に、一酸化窒素（NO）合成酵素（NOS）とCa2+依存性K+（KCa）チャネルが寄与し、シクロオキシゲナーゼ（COX）は関与しないという仮説のもと実験を行った。健康な若年成人9名を対象に、前腕部の皮膚血管コンダクタンス（CVC）を評価した。CVCは、皮内マイクロダイアリシスを施した以下の４部位で評価した：1）コントロール（98％プロピレングリコール＋1.985％ジメチルスルホキシド＋0.015％リンゲル液）、2）10mM L-NAME（非選択的NOS阻害剤）、3）10mM ketorolac（非選択的COX阻害剤）、4）50mM tetraethylammonium（非選択的KCaチャネル遮断剤）。TRPA1チャネル活性化薬であるシンナムアルデヒドは、用量依存的に各皮膚部位に投与した（2.9、8.8、26、80％、それぞれ30分以上投与）。8.8％以上のシンナムアルデヒドを投与すると、コントロール部位のCVCがベースラインから27.4％[5.3]増加した（P<0.05）。NOS阻害剤は、26%および80%のシンナムアルデヒド濃度で、CVCの増加を抑制した（いずれもP<0.05）。COX阻害剤およびKCaチャネル遮断剤は、いずれの濃度においても、シンナムアルデヒドによるCVCの上昇を抑制しなかった（いずれもP>0.05）。以上のことから，ヒト皮膚において，TRPA1チャネルの活性に伴う皮膚血管拡張には，COXおよびKCaチャネルは関与しないが，NOSが大きな役割を果たしていると考えられる。


• 健康増進に資する社会的ネットワーク可視化手法の開発と地域介入の効果検証

  岡田 修一, 谷口 隆晴, 増本 康平, 原田 和弘, 近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(開拓), 挑戦的研究(開拓), 神戸大学, 2020年04月01日 - 2022年03月31日

  社会的ネットワーク（人と人とのつながり）が、心身の健康増進に重要な役割を果たすことが報告されているが、日常生活での社会的ネットワークを定量的に測定する方法はいまだ開発されていない。そこで本研究では、以下の3点を達成することを目的としている。 目的1）ウェアラブルセンサを用いた社会的ネットワークの自動的・定量的計測と可視化システムの構築。 目的2）都市部高齢化地域を対象とした社会実験によるデータの信頼性の検証と健康指標との関連の検討。 目的3）2のデータをベースラインとし，社会的ネットワークの形成・促進を目的とした地域介入の客観的な効果検証の実施。 すなわち、上記の目的を達成するために、第一に社会的ネットワーク定量的計測システムの開発を行い、第二に大学生の小集団を対象とした予備的実験を行う。第3に都市部高齢化地域を対象とした社会実験による社会的ネットワークデータの測定および健康指標との関連性の検討を行うとともに、地域介入の客観的な効果検証を実施する。


• 化学的・物理的促進法を用いた経皮的薬剤投与に基づく新たな発汗研究手法の開発

  井上 芳光, 天野 達郎, 近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽), 挑戦的研究(萌芽), 大阪国際大学, 2019年06月28日 - 2022年03月31日

  本研究は将来的に子どもや高齢者のための新たな発汗機能検査法を確立することを見据え，痛みを伴わずに大きな分子でも汗腺に届けたり，角質層が厚い部位でも薬剤を投与できる新しい研究手法を開発することを目的としている． これまでの研究で電圧80V，1Hz，パルス幅0.1msのエレクトロポレーション装置であれば前腕部で痛みを感じないことを明らかにしているが，この刺激では十分な効果（皮膚バリア機能の低下）がなかった．そのため，まずは従来の装置を改良したハイパワーのエレクトロポレーションを制作した（試作３号機）．また，理論上は電極間の距離が狭い程痛みが感じなくなることから，先行研究を参考に，電極間距離や配列を変えて電極を作成して痛みの有無について検討を行った． 申請者自身でパルス幅や電圧を調節しながら検討を進めたが，200Vの電圧をパルス幅1.0ms，周波数1Hzで5分間手掌部に当てても手掌部の角質層のバリア機能（不感蒸泄から測定）は低下しなかった．また200Vは前腕部では我慢できないほど痛く使えなかった．装置の電圧を～500Vまで上げることで手掌部への処置も可能になるかもしれないが，安全性の観点から実用性が低いという結論に達した． このことから皮膚のバリア機能を低下させる別の方策を検討した．マイクロニードルパッチはインフルエンザなどのワクチン接種法として過去に人を対象とした実績があったため，この方法を応用することを試みた．まずマイクロニードルパッチを手掌部に処置した後，染色して手掌部の穿刺孔を確認した．また不感蒸泄量を測定して，ニードル処置で一時的にバリア機能が大きく低下することを確認した．これらのことから，エレクトロポレーションに代わり，マイクロニードルパッチ使って皮膚に穿孔を形成できる可能性が見出された．次年度はいくつかの課題を解決した上でこの新しい方法の確立を進める予定である．


• 活動筋の酸素不足発生の仕組み

  古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 奥島 大

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C), 基盤研究(C), 神戸芸術工科大学, 2019年04月01日 - 2022年03月31日

  本研究では、活動筋の局所レベルにおける酸素消費量（VO2）応答の不均一性に着目して、活動筋の酸素不足発生に及ぼす影響を明らかにする。活動筋のVO2を規定する要因として、①筋肉細胞の酸素利用と②微小循環における酸素の需要と供給のミスマッチ・空間不均一性 (部位差）が示唆されている。 立位・座位姿勢に比べて仰臥位姿勢では、重力負荷の減少によって下肢の循環潅流圧と血流量（酸素供給量、Q）が低下するので、運動耐容能が減少する。しかし、活動筋の局所的な酸素需給ミスマッチが活動筋全体の酸素不足にどの程度の影響を与えるのか不明である。今年度は、仰臥位・自転車運動における活動筋の局所的なQの減少と酸素需給ミスマッチが、活動筋の酸素不足に及ぼす影響を明らかにした。
  結果：座位運動に比べて、仰臥位運動では活動筋の表層筋に加えて深層筋においても局所的な酸素需給ミスマッチが生じた。したがって、活動筋レベルでは拡散による酸素運搬がある程度増加したが、潅流による酸素運搬が減少したために活動筋全体のVO2応答が遅れたと推測される。さらに、仰臥位における事前運動は、主運動（第2運動）における活動筋全体のVO2応答を速くした。とくに、主運動における活動筋の酸素抜取りの程度（脱酸素化ヘモグロビン）は座位運動よりも大きくなった。仰臥位において事前運動よりも主運動のVO2応答が速くなった理由として、活動筋の酸素運搬量の増加とともに筋肉細胞内の酸素利用の促進が示唆された。今回の結果は、事前運動に続く主運動VO2応答の迅速化が、活動筋への酸素運搬量の増加のみに依存しないことを示唆する。したがって、活動筋局所におけるVO2応答の調節は、微小循環レベルの酸素運搬、および筋肉細胞内の酸素利用、両方の相互作用に関連すると考えられる。


• 高温高湿環境下での暑熱順化と脱順化が汗腺機能と皮膚血管拡張に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦, LEI TZE-HUAN

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費, 特別研究員奨励費, 神戸大学, 2020年04月24日 - 2021年03月31日

  運動トレーニング者を対象（男子学生，10名程度）に，14日間の暑熱順化(最大酸素摂取量の50%～55%負荷の自転車運動を60分間，34°C・40%RHと34°C・80%RHの環境下で実施)と脱順化を行い，順化の影響をみるために34°C・80%RHの環境下で最大酸素摂取量50%～55%負荷の60分間の自転車運動を行う予定であった．しかし，新型コロナウイルス感染拡大に伴い研究継続が不可能となった．2019年度の研究結果をもとに次の実績が得られた．14日間の暑熱順化でいずれの環境条件でも安静時の体温低下，運動時の発汗量・皮膚血流量の増加がみられた．両条件での違いとして発汗反応より皮膚血流反応に差異がみられる傾向にあった．また，運動時の体温上昇は高湿・環境での暑熱順化の方がいくらか小さくなった．一方，環境条件での違いによる脱順化の差異はみられなかった．これらのことから，高温・高湿環境での暑熱順化は同環境下での運動時の生体負担を軽減する可能性が考えられるが，被験者数が少なく，結論は得られなかった．
  2019年度に追加実験で実施した高温・高湿環境への季節順化と脱順化が発汗とその他の体温調節機能に及ぼす影響に関する研究の分析を進め，次の結果が得られた．夏への季節順化は冬と比較して局所・全身の発汗反応（体温に対する発汗反応）や汗の塩分濃度低下などの改善が認められた．改善程度は夏>秋であった．一方，高温・高湿環境下での汗の蒸発量（有効発汗量）には両季節で差がなく，無効発汗量は夏>秋＞冬となり，汗が蒸発する効率は夏<秋＜冬となり，夏で最も低下した．しかし，運動時の体温上昇には季節差がなかった．また，風速の影響も検討し，いずれの季節も風速の増加により発汗効率は改善されたが，この改善は運動時の体温には影響しなかった．


• 運動に伴う汗腺機能の適応メカニズム解明と熱中症予防への応用

  天野 達郎, 藤井 直人, 井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 新潟大学, 2018年04月01日 - 2021年03月31日

  本研究では運動選手の高い発汗機能を支えるメカニズムの解明に取り組んできた．研究ではイオントフォレーシスという経皮的に薬剤を局所投与する方法を用いて，発汗に関わる可能性のある汗生成の機構を阻害したり刺激した．その時の反応を運動選手と非運動選手と比較した．本研究で得られた主な成果として，運動選手の高い発汗量（暑熱下運動，安静暑熱負荷，発汗刺激薬投与）に関与する仕組みとしてノルアドレナリン性交感神経，αアドレナリン受容体，L型電位依存性カルシウムチャネルなどがあった．一方βアドレナリン受容体刺激による発汗は運動適応に関与しないようであった．そのほかにも発汗の性差や基盤的メカニズムの解明も進めてきた．


• 健康増進に資する社会的ネットワーク可視化手法の開発と地域介入の効果検証

  岡田 修一

  科学研究費補助金／挑戦的研究（開拓）, 2018年06月 - 2021年03月

  競争的資金


• 運動と遺伝子が高温下での運動パフォーマンスに関係する汗イオン濃度調節に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦

  科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2017年04月 - 2021年03月, 研究代表者

  競争的資金


• 高温高湿環境下での暑熱順化と脱順化が汗腺機能と皮膚血管拡張に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦, LEI TZE-HUAN

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費, 特別研究員奨励費, 神戸大学, 2018年11月09日 - 2020年03月31日

  高温下における運動時の熱放散システムは体温の過度上昇を避けるばかりか，アスリートや労働者などの身体パフォーマンスにも関係する．運動時の熱放散反応（発汗や皮膚血管拡張反応）は暑熱順化によって改善され，この改善により高温下での持久的運動や労働時のパフォーマンスが向上する．暑熱順化の研究では順化時の環境として湿度に着目した研究は少なく，高温低湿と高温高湿環境での暑熱順化が熱放散反応改善にどのような違いを生じるのか不明である．また，日本の夏は高温高湿環境であり，夏の熱放散反応の適応をみることで，高湿度に暑熱順化が熱放散反応に及ぼす影響を検討することが可能となる．そこで，本研究では暑熱順化時の湿度に着目し，高湿条件が熱放散システムの適応に及ぼす影響を明らかにすることとする．
  運動時の有効・無効発汗量の評価方法の検討から運動中の測定においては間欠的な運動を行い，運動中に安静時を保持することで，これらの発汗量が正確に測定できるようになった．暑熱順化方法として高温高湿（32℃，60-70％RH）で9日間の運動による暑熱順化を実施する予定で準備を進めた．暑熱順化中の運動は最大酸素摂取量40-60％を実施し，体温をある一定のレベルに上昇させ，それを維持する方法を用いることとした．運動時間は1回60-90分である．暑熱順化の効果等を検討するため，暑熱順化前後に運動負荷と下肢温浴を実施した．暑熱順化実験を一人の被験者に実施した．暑熱順化で発汗機能は向上したが，全身でみた無効発汗量が増加し，この増加は有効発汗量の増加を引き起こすほどではなかった．


• 運動トレーニングによる高齢者の発汗機能改善特性とその性差

  井上 芳光, 上田 博之, 天野 達郎, 近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 大阪国際大学, 2016年04月01日 - 2020年03月31日

  マラソントレーニングを継続する高齢者は，若年ランナーと同等もしくはそれ以上の汗腺機能を保持することが，運動・アセチルコリン（ACh）誘発性発汗反応や汗イオン再吸収能力に見出された．ただし，この改善度は汗腺機能の老化が早期に発現する部位（下肢）で小さいことが示唆された．これらの高齢ランナーの発汗特性は性に関わらず観察され，高齢ランナーの運動・ACh誘発性の発汗量や汗イオン再吸収能力には性差がみられなかった．ただ，女性高齢ランナーにも，低い汗腺出力を高い活動汗腺数で補償する女性の特徴が保持された．これらの高齢ランナーの汗腺機能に関する知見は，高齢者の熱中症予防策を構築する上で有益になるだろう．


• 高温高湿環境下での暑熱順化と脱順化が汗腺機能と皮膚血管拡張に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦

  特別研究員奨励費, 2018年04月 - 2020年03月, 研究代表者

  競争的資金


• 年齢や暑熱順化がイオン再吸収能力から評価した発汗機能に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦, GERRETT NICOLA

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費, 特別研究員奨励費, 神戸大学, 2016年11月07日 - 2019年03月31日

  年齢と高齢者の暑熱順化が汗イオン濃度調節機構に及ぼす影響を検討するため，昨年度から継続的に以下の研究を実施した． 1．年齢が汗イオン濃度調節機構に及ぼす影響 50～85歳の年齢範囲の男女36名を被験者とした．環境温25℃，相対湿度50%の環境下で安静温熱負荷（43℃の下肢温浴と水循環スーツ）を45～60分間実施した．また，各被験者の身体特性（最大酸素摂取量含む）と局所発汗テストを別の日に実施した．一つの結果として年齢と汗イオンの最大再吸収能の間には関係か認められなかった．分析をさらに進め年齢が汗イオン濃度調節機構に及ぼす影響を明らかにしたい． 2．高齢者の暑熱順化が汗イオン濃度調節機構に及ぼす影響 高齢者の被験者10名（男性8, 女性2, 年齢; 67 ± 1.5 yrs, 身長; 60.8 ± 9.0 kg, 体重; 165.9 ± 7.3 cm, 推定最大酸素摂取量; 32.6 ± 4.5 ml/kg/min）に9日間の暑熱順化実験を実施し，その前後と暑熱順化後1週間の計3回，下肢温浴により汗イオン濃度調節機構やその他の発汗機能（これまでの方法と同じ）を測定した．暑熱順化は環境温35℃，相対湿度45%の環境下で自転車運動により体温を約1℃上昇させ，その後，運動と安静を組み合わせてこの体温を約1時間維持する方法を用いた．暑熱順化により安静時体温低下，血漿量増加，温度感覚低下の変化がみられた．汗イオン再吸収能は胸で有意に増加した． 温熱負荷中の総発汗量が増加し，汗NaCl濃度は有意に低下した．また，発汗開始閾値は大きく変化せず，個人差が大きかった．このことから，9日間の暑熱順化では汗イオンの最大再吸収能は身体の部位によってその改善程度が異なるが．高齢者においてもこの能力の改善が認められた．さらに分析を進め高齢者に対する暑熱順化効果を検討したい．


• 脱水と体温上昇の相違が陸上競技のパフォーマンスと各種パワー発揮能力に及ぼす影響

  小倉 幸雄, 井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C), 基盤研究(C), 2016年04月01日 - 2019年03月31日

  脱水がハイ・ミドルパワー発揮能力に及ぼす影響を3つの実験で検討した．①夏季フィールドで体重の0.8%と2.0%脱水時のパフォーマンステストを，②実験室での高温環境下運動で0.8%と1.9%脱水時のハイ・ミドルパワー発揮能力，③②と同様の実験で陸上競技の種目差を検討した．その結果，①では2.0％脱水時のミドルパワーパフォーマンスが，0.8％脱水時より低下し，②では1.9％脱水時のハイ・ミドルパワー発揮能力が，0.8％脱水時より低下した．しかし，③では②実験で観察された脱水の影響が陸上競技種目に影響されなかった．以上の結果，2.0％程度の脱水がハイ・ミドルパワーを低下することが示唆された．


• 年齢や暑熱順化がイオン再吸収能力から評価した発汗機能に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦

  特別研究員奨励費, 2016年04月 - 2019年03月, 研究代表者

  競争的資金


• 都市部高齢化地域における住民ネットワーク形成過程の実験的検討

  増本 康平, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 長ヶ原 誠, 片桐 恵子, 原田 和弘, 木村 哲也, 太田 能, 貝原 俊也, 大川 剛直, 谷口 隆晴

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 神戸大学, 2015年07月10日 - 2018年03月31日

  高齢者の孤立死や認知症徘徊による行方不明高齢者の増加といった高齢地域のかかえる問題を解決，及び，高齢期の健康増進や幸福感の向上において地域コミュニティのつながりである社会的ネットワークが重視されている。本研究では，人口約5000人の地域コミュニティを対象とし，地域での社会的ネットワーク形成を目的としたプログラムを展開した。また，ネットワーク解析モデルを応用することによって，住民のつながりの現状や変化を客観的に評価することで，プログラムの効果検証をおこなった。


• 汗腺に関わる固有の遺伝子とヒトの発汗調節機能との関連

  近藤 徳彦, 井上 芳光, 前田 享史

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的萌芽研究, 挑戦的萌芽研究, 神戸大学, 2015年04月01日 - 2018年03月31日

  本研究ではヒトの発汗機能と汗腺に関わるエクトジスプラシン遺伝子のEDAR370Aとの関係を明らかにするため，日本人におけるEDAR370A遺伝子と一般体表面の活動汗腺数との関係，EDAR370A遺伝子を有している者とそうでない者との発汗調節機能を比較した．40名の健康な男女の被験者（年齢20歳～80歳）を対象にEDAR370A遺伝子の保有者を選別した．36名がこの遺伝子を保有し，4名が保有していなかった．前者の者は活動汗腺数がいくらか多い傾向にあったが，発汗機能には大きな差異はなかった．しかし，EDAR370A遺伝子を有しない者の人数が極端に少なく，普遍的な結果を得ることが出来なかった．


• 都市部高齢化地域における住民ネットワーク形成過程の実験的検討

  増本 康平

  科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2015年04月 - 2018年03月

  競争的資金


• 暑熱下運動時における熱中症発症の新メカニズム検証と新予防法の提案

  西保 岳, 林 恵嗣, 本田 靖, 近藤 徳彦, 小川 剛司, 前田 清司

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A), 基盤研究(A), 筑波大学, 2013年04月01日 - 2017年03月31日

  体温上昇性の換気亢進による動脈血二酸化炭素分圧（PaCO2）低下が脳血流などの循環反応に及ぼす影響、さらに、意識的な呼吸調節によってPaCO2を増加させることで、脳血流量や血圧反応が改善されるかどうかについて検討した。暑熱下一定負荷運動時及び安静時体温上昇時において、深部体温上昇性の換気亢進反応を意識的な呼吸調節によって抑制できること、さらに，このように意識的に換気亢進を抑えることで、深部体温上昇に伴う脳血流量の低下が抑制されることが初めて示唆された。


• ヒトの持久的運動能力の生理人類学的研究

  古賀 俊策, 福場 良之, 福岡 義之, 近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A), 基盤研究(A), 神戸芸術工科大学, 2012年10月31日 - 2017年03月31日

  人類が直立二足歩行によって獲得した身体活動能力、とりわけ全身持久的運動能力は他の動物よりも優れた生理機能(循環調節や発汗など)によって支えられる。実際の持久的身体活動時には、活動強度や温度などの環境刺激が時間と共に変化する非定常状態が多くみられる。この状態では潜在的な統合生理機能（全身的協関）が顕著に抽出されるので、ヒトが進化過程で獲得した持久的運動能力の特性がより明らかになる。しかし、各々の生理機能（呼吸、循環、筋肉、体温など）が統合的に調節される仕組みについては不明な点が多い。今回は全身的協関がより顕在化する非定常状態に着目して、生理人類学的視点からヒトの持久的運動能力を総合的に検討した。


• 汗腺に関わる固有の遺伝子とヒトの発汗調節機能との関連

  近藤 徳彦

  学術研究助成基金助成金／挑戦的萌芽研究, 2015年04月 - 2017年03月, 研究代表者

  競争的資金


• 高齢者の安心と若者の未来を支える異世代間交流プログラムの開発

  片桐 恵子

  学術研究助成基金助成金／挑戦的萌芽研究, 2014年04月 - 2017年03月

  競争的資金


• 多世代共生型コミュニティの創成に資するアクティブ・エイジング支援プログラムの開発

  朴木 佳緒留, 岡田 修一, 近藤 徳彦, 長ヶ原 誠, 片桐 恵子, 加藤 佳子, 松岡 広路, 井上 真理, 城 仁士, 平山 洋介, 平川 和文, 増本 康平

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A), 基盤研究(A), 神戸大学, 2012年10月31日 - 2016年03月31日

  世界で最も高齢化が進んでいる日本では，高齢者夫婦のみ世帯と高齢者独居世帯も年々増加し，高齢者の孤立死や認知症徘徊による行方不明，高齢者世帯への緊急時や災害時の対応に関する問題が顕在化している。世界保健機関（WHO）は先進国でみられる高齢化を受けて，生活の質を高めるために「健康」，「社会参加」，「安全」の機会を最適化するアクティブエイジングを提唱している。本研究では，地域コミュニティにおける高齢者の地域活動,多世代間交流の促進を目指し，「健康」「社会参加」「安全」の3つの側面からアクティブエイジング支援プログラムを開発し，社会実験を実施した。


• 老若男女の発汗能力の解明とその生物学的意義

  井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦, 上田 博之, 石指 宏通, 近江 雅人, 古賀 俊策

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(A), 大阪国際大学, 2011年04月01日 - 2016年03月31日

  発汗能力は，思春期前では性差はみられず，思春期以降に男女とも増大するものの，その程度は女性が男性よりも小さかったため，若年者では女性が男性より低かった．発汗能力は男女とも加齢に伴い低下し，その性差は80 歳代で消失する傾向だった．若年者では短期間の運動トレーニング・暑熱順化に伴う発汗能力の改善の程度にも性差（男＞女）がみられた．長期間運動トレーニングに伴う発汗能力の改善は，子供や高齢者が若年者より小さかった．女性の少ない発汗量は，体液の損失を最小限に抑えようとする生物学的意義が窺えた．なお，男性の運動トレーニング・暑熱馴化・加齢による発汗能力の変化は性ホルモン・成長ホルモンとは関連しなかった．


• 汗腺の塩分再吸収能力からみた熱中症予防に関わる発汗機能の新評価法

  近藤 徳彦

  学術研究助成基金助成金／挑戦的萌芽研究, 2013年04月 - 2015年03月, 研究代表者

  競争的資金


• 多世代共生型コミュニティの創成に資するアクティブ・エイジング支援プログラムの開発

  朴木 佳緒留

  科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(A), 2012年10月 - 2015年03月

  競争的資金


• 摂取水分の温度と量が体温・循環調節反応に及ぼす影響

  小倉 幸雄, 井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(C), 大阪国際大学短期大学部, 2011年 - 2013年

  高温下運動時における摂取水分の温度と量が体温・循環調節反応に及ぼす影響を，(1)摂取水温の相違，(2)夏季スポーツ活動時の飲水量と飲みやすさ，(3)摂取水温の相違と飲水量，から検討した．その結果，摂取水温の相違は，飲水量が等しい場合には低水温ほど運動の早期から物理的な冷却効果により直腸温を抑制し，自由飲水の場合には低水温の冷却効果と飲水量の調節による影響が推察された。さらに，実際のフィールド運動時においても 5℃水温では物理的冷却効果による体温上昇の抑制，発汗量の抑制，脱水率の軽減を導くことが窺え，5℃程度の水分補給が生体負担度を軽減し，ひいては熱中症予防に有効であることが示唆された．


• 単一汗腺可視化による汗腺の構造・機能の新たな評価方法

  近藤 徳彦

  学術研究助成基金助成金／挑戦的萌芽研究, 2011年, 研究代表者

  競争的資金


• 運動に関わる要因と精神性要因が運動時の体温調節中枢に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦

  科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2011年, 研究代表者

  競争的資金


• 温熱的環境適応能の老化過程の解明と老化遅延策の構築

  井上 芳光, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 上田 博之, 石指 宏通, 芝崎 学, 近江 雅人

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(A), 大阪国際大学, 2008年 - 2010年

  ヒトの環境適応能の老化機序を解明するため,全身協関的視点から検討した結果,以下のことが示された.体温調節機序は男女とも,入力系→効果器系→出力系→中枢系の順序で老化し,下肢の汗腺機能は下腿が大腿より,下肢の後面が前面より早期に老化する.老化に伴い非温熱性要因の複合的入力に対する反応が小さくなる.若年者でみられた熱放散反応の性差は老化によって小さくなる.高齢者の汗腺機能の夏へ向けての亢進が若年者より遅延し,また,暑熱下の起立耐性に影響する皮膚血流量調節の関与は高齢者では小さく,夏季における高齢者の血栓形成は若年者より促進される.体温調節機序の入力系や出力系に対して老化遅延策は見出せなかったが,効果器系では運動習慣の確立が有効である.


• ヒトの運動能と環境適応能の全身的な協関-非定常状態に注目して-

  古賀 俊策, 井上 芳光, 福場 良之, 西保 岳, 近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(A), 神戸芸術工科大学, 2006年 - 2008年

  人類が有する合理的な適応能力を明らかにすることによって、将来の望ましい生活環境への示唆が得られる。身体活動や環境刺激の強度やパターンなどが時間とともに変化する非定常的な場合に注目して、日常生活の活動状況と環境条件をシミュレートした。痛みを伴わずにヒトの生物科学的特性を連続的に測る最新の生体計測技術を駆使して、ヒトの運動能と環境適応能の全身的な協関(酸素摂取-循環-体温調節能力の連携)を考察した。


• 高齢者の主体的で生き生きとした発達を支援する生活環境づくりへの発達環境学的接近

  城 仁士

  科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2008年

  競争的資金


• 熱帯地住人の環境適応能の解明とそれに及ぼす生活環境要因

  久保田 豊司, 井上 芳光, 松本 孝朗, 近藤 徳彦, 上田 博之

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(B), 大阪国際大学, 2005年 - 2007年

  本研究では,(1)熱帯地住人の熱放散反応特性を検討するため,タイ人と日本人の若年成人運動鍛錬者(T群)と非鍛錬者(U群)に対し,a)下肢温浴テスト(25℃環境下で下腿を42℃の湯に60分間浸す),b)自転車運動テスト(35%,50%,65%VO2maxの自転車運動を各20分間,計60分間連続負荷),c)アセチルコリン(ACh)誘発性発汗テストを実施した.さらに(2)その発育・老化特性を検討するために,タイ人の思春期前男児,若年成人男性,高齢者男性および日本人の若年成人男性,高齢者男性に対し,上記a)とc)のテストを負荷した. (1)タイ人は日本人に比し発汗より皮膚血流量により依存した熱放散特性を有すること,タイ人でも抑制された発汗機能を長期的運動トレーニングで亢進できることが下肢温浴と自転車運動テストで明らかにされた.このタイ人の長期暑熱順化および長期的運動トレーニングに伴う発汗機能の修飾は,ACh誘発性の軸索反射性発汗および直接刺激性発汗でも観察されたことから,交感神経節後線維や汗腺それ自体の修飾に起因することが示唆された. (2)タイ人においても,日本人と同様に,若年成人に比し,思春期前児童は発汗より皮膚血管拡張に依存した熱放散特性を有すること,高齢者は低い発汗量と皮膚血流量を有すること,児童や高齢者の低い発汗量は低い単一汗腺出力(SGO)に起因すること,が下肢温浴テストで明らかにされた.ACh誘発性発汗テストにおいて,若年成人に比し,児童は直接刺激性発汗が有意に低く(軸索反射性発汗には年齢差なし),この低い発汗量は活動汗腺数(ASG)ではなく,低いSGOに起因した.高齢者は低い軸索反射性と直接刺激性発汗を示し,この低い直接刺激性発汗は低いASGand/or SGOにそれぞれ起因した.以上のように,タイ人の汗腺機能にも発育・老化特性は観察されるものの,その変化は日本人より小さかった.そのため,長期暑熱順化が汗腺機能を抑制する影響は,若年成人でより顕著だった.


• 単一汗腺活動からみたヒト環境適応能の新しい評価法の開発

  近藤 徳彦

  科学研究費補助金／萌芽研究, 2007年, 研究代表者

  競争的資金


• 運動に関わる要因の相互作用が体温調節機構に及ぼす影響と運動トレーニング効果

  近藤 徳彦

  科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2007年, 研究代表者

  競争的資金


• 発育・老化過程における温熱適応能力の生物学的意義

  井上 芳光, 古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 上田 博之, 平田 まり, 久保田 豊司

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(A), 大阪国際大学, 2004年 - 2006年

  本研究では熱放散反応の発育・老化過程を全身協関的視点から検討した.10年間の縦断的検討および横断的検討結果から,熱放散反応は老化に伴い皮膚血流量→単一汗腺あたりの汗出力→活動汗腺数と順次低下し,その一連の加齢的低下は全身同等ではなく,下肢→躯幹後面→躯幹前面→上肢→頭部と順次進行することが見出された.さらに,異なる3種のテストで検討された皮膚温度感受性,発汗中枢の活動性,アセチルコリン誘発性の軸索反射性および直接性発汗の結果から,機序面からみても皮膚の温度感受性(入力)→効果器(汗腺それ自体)→交感神経系・体温調節中枢,と順次老化することが推察された.次に,下肢温浴と膝伸展運動時の大腿動脈血流量と皮膚血流量などの結果から,大腿における皮膚血流量からみた末梢循環の老化が動脈血流量からみた中心循環の老化より先行することが示唆された.また,暑熱環境下でのアイソメトリックハンドグリップ時のデータから,非温熱性熱放散反応も老化に伴い鈍化し,その鈍化は発汗反応よりも皮膚血管反応で,さらに他の部位より大腿(筋の代謝受容器からの入力に対する応答)で顕著であることが観察された.このことは,非温熱性熱放散反応の老化過程も上述した温熱性熱放散反応の老化過程と類似することを示唆する. 夏季スポーツ活動時の総発汗量と直腸温データから,思春期前児童は未発達な発汗機能を有することが再確認された.さらに,環境温度が漸次上昇する条件下の各種データから,思春期前児童は皮膚温より環境温が高くなると,体格特性(大きな体表面積/質量比)による熱獲得の増加や未発達な発汗機能に起因して生体負担度が若年成人より大きくなることが明らかにされた.また,筋の代謝受容器からの非温熱性入力に対する熱放散反応は思春期前の子どもでは未発達であり,その傾向は皮膚血管反応より発汗反応で顕著だった.この非温熱性熱放散反応に観察された子どもの特性は,上述の温熱性熱放散反応の発育特性に類似することが示唆された.


• 性周期・運動トレーニングが若年女性における運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響

  小倉 幸雄, 井上 芳光, 近藤 徳彦, 米浪 直子

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(C), 大阪国際大学短期大学部, 2004年 - 2005年

  本研究は性周期および運動トレーニングが運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響を3つの実験から検討し,女性の熱放散反応を明らかにすることを目的とした.これら3つの実験の要約は以下の通りである.1)一般女性において,常温環境下での中等度運動時の熱放散反応は卵胞中期と比較して黄体中期に低下することが示唆された.長期間運動トレーニングを継続した女性は一般女性でみられるような黄体中期での熱放散反応の低下がみられず,また,長期運動トレーニングによりその熱放散反応が改善され,この改善は熱放散反応の体温閾値の低下と感受性の亢進に起因することが示唆された.さらに,長期運動トレーニングによる改善は卵胞中期よりも黄体中期により顕著にみられることが示された.また,その改善は皮膚血流反応より発汗反応で顕著にみられた.2)運動トレーニングによって性別にかかわらず発汗反応は改善されるものの,女性における改善の程度は男性のそれと比較して小さく,その改善の程度に性差の存在が示唆された.また,その性差は運動強度の増大とともに顕著になることが示唆された.3)女性においてトレーニングを開始した性周期相にかかわらず,約3ヶ月の運動トレーニングにより熱放散反応の体温閾値は低下し,熱放散反応が改善されると示唆された.熱放散反応の量的な改善は発汗反応のみにみられ,この改善は黄体中期からトレーニングを開始したL群より卵胞中期から開始したF群で顕著であることが示された,また,トレーニングの効果(体温閾値の低下)は1ヶ月目までに生じ,トレーニング終了後1ヶ月目までに消失することが示唆された.


• 集団ケアから個人の尊厳にもとづくユニットケアへの移行研修プログラムの開発と評価

  城 仁士

  科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2005年

  競争的資金


• 過度の体温上昇に伴う運動パフォーマンスの低下のメカニズムとその対策

  近藤 徳彦

  科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2005年, 研究代表者

  競争的資金


• 新世紀の地域一体型老人介護施設における自立支援介護サービスの開発とその評価

  城 仁士, 岡田 由香, 二宮 厚美, 青木 務, 杉万 俊夫, 近藤 徳彦, 小田 利勝

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(B), 神戸大学, 2001年 - 2003年

  本研究は地域一体型の老人介護施設における利用者本位・住民主体の介護サービスがどのようなものであればいいのか提案し、さらにサービス機能の今後の方向性や評価方法を提言することを目的とした。 平成13年度から15年度の3年間にわたって、次のような4つの研究アプローチを設定し、研究遂行した。 1)社会システム論的アプローチ 高齢者をとりまく社会システムを高齢者の発達及び自立支援という視点からアプローチした。特に介護保険によるサービスを個人の尊厳により選びとれる環境整備や制度的な問題点の洗い出しを行った。 2)医療システム論的アプローチ 高齢者を支援する環境づくりに向けて、地域医療の観点から実践研究を展開した。具体的には、高齢化率の高い過疎地域(京都市北区小野郷)における、住民が主体となって診療所を開設・運営するという新しい地域医療運動に、研究者も参加しながら、運動の経緯を検討した。 3)生活環境論的アプローチ 高齢者の衣食住環境を生活の主体者としての意識や生活意欲をひきだす環境づくりという視点からアプローチした。被介護者のみならず介護者、利用者の家族、スタッフのストレスを軽減するハード面とソフト面の機能を住環境学、食環境学、衣環境学から分析・評価した。 4)心理行動論的アプローチ 地域一体型施設における被介護者を中心としたスタッフ、介護者、地域住民の連携を促進する介護サービスの開発と評価を生活環境心理学、ストレス心理学、環境生理学の観点から行った。施設のサービス体系にもとづく調査結果を整理し、第8回ヨーロッパ心理学会や日本心理学会第67回大会に発表するとともに、今後の介護サービスの方向性やその評価方法について検討した。 以上の結果に基づいて、今後は施設における集団ケアを少人数のユニットケアへ移行するとともに、個人の尊厳にもとづく新世紀型の施設介護のあり方を提言した。また、環境生理から研究からは、寒くなるとエアコンをつけるなどの行動性体温調節反応が高齢者ではどうなのかを検討した。この反応は自律性体温調節反応が衰えると大きくなり、また,高齢者では皮膚温度効果器の低下にも関係し、若年者より劣っている.このことから,高齢者の生活環境を支援するためにはこの反応も考慮する必要があることを明らかにした。最終年度には、本研究プロジェクトのこれまでの研究成果を実績報告書という形で公刊し、今後の施設ケアの方向性の参考として福祉施設関係者に配布した。


• 活動筋の酸素消費ダイナミクスに関わる共同研究の企画

  古賀 俊策, 上月 久治, 福場 良之, 加賀谷 淳子, 福岡 義之, 近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(C), 神戸芸術工科大学, 2002年 - 2002年

  今回の企画調査では、それぞれが専門とする分野の立場から重点課題を検討し、先進的な研究成果を生み出すための共同研究を企画した。特に、活動筋の酸素消費応答に関して先駆的な成果を上げている外国人研究者を招聘、研究セミナーへ参加してもらい、研究者間の論議を深めることが出来た。 (1)重点課題の調査、検討 それぞれが専門とする分野の立場から重点課題を検討し、活動筋の酸素消費応答に関連した共同研究のテーマを提示し、先進的な研究成果を生み出す準備を行なった。 (2)測定法、実験装置の調査、検討 集約されたテーマに関する研究を遂行するために必要な測定法、実験装置を調査、検討した。特に、酸素感受性蛍光色素法による微小循環レベルの酸素分圧応答と近赤外分光法による酸素化状態の比較検討を行った。また、最近、開発された磁気共鳴装置によるarterial spin labeling法の時間分解能を検討し、運動開始時の酸素供給と酸素需要ミスマッチの連続測定が可能であることを確認した。さらに、筋繊維の動員パターンの時間的な変動を推定する方法や(Pi splitting)、磁気共鳴イメージングによる有効筋肉量推定法の時間分解能を調査した。超音波ドップラー装置を用いた活動筋血流量やATP turnover rate、酸化酵素活動の連続測定の可能性を調査した。これらの最新測定技術が、人間のwhole-bodyレベルでの運動条件にどの程度まで適用可能かを調査した。


• 皮膚交感神経活動から見た体温調節反応の運動トレーニング効果

  近藤 徳彦, 西保 岳, 斉藤 満

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(C), 神戸大学, 2001年 - 2002年

  運動トレーニングは多くの生体機能を改善することが知られている.本研究はその中でも生体機能の恒常性維持に重要な体温調節機能が運動トレーニングによりどのように改善されるのかを皮膚交感神経活動(SSNA)より検討するために次の課題を設定した.a)皮膚交感神経活動と熱放散反応(発汗反応と皮膚血流反応)との関係を明らかにする(平成13年度:実験I).b)a)で得られた関係が運動トレーニングによりどのように変化するのかを検討する(平成14年度:実験II).運動トレーニングとしては常温下での連続10日間の持久的運動(60%VO_<2max>,30分×3回)とし,運動トレーニング前後で循環スーツを用いた温熱負荷を食道温(Tes)が約1℃上昇するまで継続した.SSNAは腓骨神経より,発汗量(SR)や皮膚血管コンダクタンス(CVC)はその神経が支配している部位(足甲部)で測定した.得られた結果は以下のとおりである. 1)TesとSSNAの間にもSRやCVCと同様に正の相関関係が得られた. 2)SSNAとSRおよびCVCの間にも正の相関関係が得られ,Tesが安静時より大きく上昇するような場合にはSSNA-SR関係の相関係数がSSNA-CVC関係のそれより有意に大きかった. 3)運動トレーニングによりVO_<2max>が5%増加し,安静時のHRとTesが低下した. 4)運動トレーニングによりTes-SR, Tes-CVCおよびTes-SSNA関係はいずれの回帰直線も左方へ移動した. 5)運動トレーニングによりSSNA-SRおよびSSNA-CVC関係における回帰直線がいくらか左方に移動し,同一SSNAでSRやCVCが多くなった. これらのことから,常温下での運動トレーニングは熱放散反応が引き起こされる深部体温闘値を低下させ,また,同一の皮膚交感神経活動でも発汗量や皮膚血管拡張がより多くなることが推察された.


• ヒトの生理学的適応能力の計測技術の体系化

  古賀 俊策, 近藤 徳彦, 福場 良之, 井上 芳光, 芝崎 学, 塩尻 智之

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(B), 神戸芸術工科大学, 2000年 - 2001年

  身体運動への適応能力を研究する上で必要な生理的計測肢術(有酸素運動能力,酸素運搬機能と筋肉の酸素利用機能の計測技術)を検討した。特に,超音波ドップラー法による心拍出量と活動筋の血流量,近赤外分光測定法による酸素利用機能の計測技術を検討した.結果:心拍出量と活動筋血流量の連続測定が可能となり、運動の開始時においては酸素摂取応答に比べて,中心および末梢循環の応答がより速いことが確認された。したがって、酸素摂取応答の規定要因は酸素運搬能力ではなく,運動筋自体の酸素利用能力と考えられる.さらに、運動筋微小循環の酸素分圧(動物実験)とヒトにおける酸素化状態の測定結果を比較し、運動開始時における運動筋の酸素利用能力が、運動筋内部の酸素能に依存すると推測された。また,呼吸変動が酸素摂取量の応答特性に与える影響を調べた。 体温調節の動的特性を調べるために循環スーツ内温度を急激に変化させた場合、皮膚温や皮膚血流量も急激に変化した。特に,末梢部の変化が大きく,スーツ温下降の方が生体反応の追従性がより早い.本法により体温調節機構の動的特性を十分に評価できると考えられた.また、昨年度にヒトの皮膚血流量を準定量的に測定できることを認めたレーザードップラー式血流画像化装置で下肢温浴時の胸・人腿の皮膚血流量を高齢者と若年成人とで比較検討した。その結果は、老化が下肢から始まるという我々の先行研究結果を支持する。温熱負荷中にコリン作動性神経から放出されるアセチルコリンは、一酸化窒素(NO)メカニズムを介して能動的皮膚血管拡張に関係する可能性がある。マイクロダイアリシス法を用いた結果から、コリン作動性アセチルコリンは、初期の皮膚血管拡張には関連するが、皮膚血管が十分に拡張した後にはほとんど効果がないことが示された。


• 筋代謝受容器が体温調節反応に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奨励研究(A), 神戸大学, 1999年 - 2000年

  体温調節反応は人の深部体温をある一定の範囲に保つため、身体内の恒常性維持には欠くことのできない反応であり、この能力の違いより運動のパフォーマンスが影響されるケースも報告されている。体温調節反応には深部体温などの温熱性入力が大きく影響しているが、運動時にはそれら以外の要因が補助的に作用しており、これが運動時の深部体温を一定に保つ重要な働きをしている可能性がある。これまでの研究(平成7年度と平成9年度の奨励研究)により、その入力としてcentral commandや筋や腱の機械受容器からの求心性入力が関与していることを明らかにした。本研究では筋代謝受容器が体温調節反応に及ぼす影響を検討することを目的した。 本年度は筋代謝受容器が体温調節反応に及ぼす影響を検討するため、男子被験者8名に対して環境温35℃、相対湿度50%の環境下で実験を実施した。この環境下で体温調節反応が定常になるまで待った後(約50分間安静にした後)、最大静的筋収縮(MVC)の測定を2回実施した。その後、アイソメトリックハンドグリップ運動を、1)30%MVCの運動を120秒間、2)45%MVC運動を60秒間実施した後、上腕に巻いたカフ圧を240mmHg以上に上げ、上腕を120秒間阻血した。いずれの条件もアイソメトリックハンドグリップ運動後の阻血中、心拍数や皮膚血流量は運動前の値に戻ったが、平均血圧と発汗量(胸部と前腕部)は運動前より高い値を保持した。阻血中は運動を実施していないことからcentral commandや筋や腱の機械受容器からの求心性入力は関与せず、筋代謝受容器のみの影響が生体反応に影響していると考えられる。したがって、発汗反応には筋代謝受容器が関与していることが推察された。


• Central commandsが運動時の体温調節反応に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奨励研究(A), 神戸大学, 1997年 - 1998年

  体温調節反応には深部体温や皮膚温などの温熱性要因の入力が大きく影響しているが,運動開始時や運動強度が急変するよう状況ではこれらの要因の変化が遅れ,この場合にはそれ以外の要因(非温熱性要因:central commands,筋からの求心性入力等)が重要となる可能性が考えられる.非温熱性要因としてのcentral commandsが運動時の体温調節反応にどのような影響を及ぼしているのかを検討した. 平成9年度の結果から,発汗反応に及ぼす影響はcentral commandsが約65%,それ以外の要因(筋の機械的受容器など)が約35%であることが明らかとなった.本年度はcentral commandsなどの非温熱性要因による熱放散反応が深部体温などの温熱性要因のレベルの違いによってどのように影響されるのかを検討した.健康な男子学生に対して,water-perfused suit(皮膚温38℃以上)あるいは下肢温浴を用いて,体温調節パラメータ(発汗量や皮膚血流量)が変化し始めた時とそれらが一定になった時に,受動的自転車運動と無負荷の能動的自転車運動をそれぞれ2分間実施した(回転数60rpm).また,同様に最大随意的筋収縮の45-50%でアイソメトリックハンドグリップ運動を1分間実施した.いずれの条件の運動においても非温熱性要因による発汗と皮膚血流反応は温熱性要因のレベルが低い状況では大きくなった.このことからcentral commandsなどの非温熱性要因が熱放散反応に及ぼす影響は体温調節系が駆動し始めた時に大きくなることが推察された. 平成9年度と10年度の研究より,運動時における人の熱放散反応は非温熱性要因としてのcentral commandsに影響され,非温熱性要因の影響は熱放散反応が駆動し始めた時に大きくなることが明らかとなった.このことから,非温熱性要因の役割として,深部体温などが変化する前に熱放散反応を引き起こす補助的な働きを有していることが考えられた.


• トレーニング環境の違いが体温調節反応に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奨励研究(A), 神戸大学, 1996年 - 1996年

  本研究ではトレーニング環境の違いが身体の調節機能に及ぼす影響を検討するため、水中でトレーニングしている者と陸上でトレーニングしている者の運動時体温調節機構、特に発汗調節の違いを比較した. 水中でトレーニングしている者として水泳選手7名(年齢19±1才、身長174.6±5.0cm、体重66.2kg、最大酸素摂取量57.4±3.7ml/kg/minおよび%脂肪11.39±0.90%)、陸上でトレーニングしている者として陸上競技者1名、サッカー選手5名および野球選手2名(計8名、年齢20±1才、身長170.6±5.6cm、体重65.6±6.6kg、最大酸素摂取量58.3±4.8ml/kg/minおよび%脂肪11.37±3.10%)に対して、最大酸素摂取量の50%の自転車運動を40分間負荷した.環境条件は環境温25℃、相対湿度50%とし、実験中の直腸温、皮膚温(前腕、胸部、大腿および下腿)、局所発汗量(前腕と肩甲骨下部;カプセル換気法)、酸素摂取量および心拍数を連続的(毎分)に測定した.また,実験前後の体重測定より、体重減少量を算出した. 両グループの身体特性には顕著な差は認められなかった.運動中の酸素摂取量、心拍数、直腸温および平均皮膚温はグループ間に差がなかったが、背部の局所発汗量は陸上でトレーニングしているグループの方が多かった(P<0.05).また、平均体温と局所発汗量の関係においても背部にグループ差が認められた.これらのことから、トレーニングを行う環境(水中で行うのか、陸上で行うのか)の違いによって運動時の体温調節機構の改善の程度は異なり、陸上でトレーニングを行う方がその程度は大きいことが考えられる.また、その違いは身体の躯幹部のみの発汗量に認められたことは、トレーニングを行う環境の影響は末梢の要因に起因している可能性があることを示唆している.


• 筋や腱の機械受容器が運動時の発汗調節に及ぼす影響

  近藤 徳彦

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奨励研究(A), 神戸大学, 1995年 - 1995年

  高温下で運動を開始すると、深部体温や皮膚温が変化していないにも関わらず、発汗が起こる.この発汗には筋や筋や腱の機械受容器が関与している可能性がある.そこで本研究では、運動時の発汗調節に腱の機械受容器からの求心性インパルスがどのように関与するのかを明らかにすることを目的とした. Water perfused suiteを用いて皮膚温を約37℃上昇させ、発汗を引き起こさせた.被験者にス-ツ着用後自転車エルゴメータ上で約40分間安静を保持してもらい、その後片足をペダルに置き、30、60および90rpmの受動自転車運動を休息(約5分間)を挟んでそれぞれ2分間実施した.実験中の心拍数、酸素摂取量、食道温、皮膚温(前腕、胸部、大腿および下腿)および局所発汗量(前腕、胸部;カプセル換気法)を連続的(毎秒)に測定した.なお、被験者は成人男性8名(年齢18.7±0.3歳、身長170.9±1.9cmおよび体重63.2±1.5kg)で、実験室の環境温は23〜25℃、相対湿度は54〜58%であった. 受動自転車運動開始後、食道温と平均皮膚温には顕著な変化は認められなかったが、60と90rpmにおいていずれの部位の局所発汗量も運動開始前のそれと比較して有意に増加した.しかし、30rpmにおいては局所発汗量の顕著な増加は認められなかった.また、酸素摂取量も60と90rpmにおいて有意に増加した.このことから、運動時の発汗調節には筋や腱の機械受容器からの求心性インパルスが関与しており、その程度は回転数(求心性インパルスの量)に依存している可能性があることが示唆された.