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MATSUOKA YoshihiroGraduate School of Agricultural Science / Department of AgrobioscienceProfessor
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■ Paper- Aegilops tauschii Coss., a progenitor of bread wheat, is an important wild genetic resource for breeding. The species comprises three genetically defined lineages (TauL1, TauL2, and TauL3), each displaying distinctive phenotypes in various agronomic traits, including spike shape. In the present work, we studied the relationship between population structure and spike shape variation patterns using a collection of 249 accessions. f4-statistics-based ancestry profiling confirmed the previously identified lineages and revealed a genetic component derived from TauL3 in the genomes of some southern Caspian and Transcaucasus TauL1 and TauL2 accessions. Spike shape variation patterns were analyzed using a convolutional neural network-based approach, trained on green and dry spike image datasets. This analysis showed that spike shape diversity is structured according to lineages and demonstrated that the lineages can be distinguished based on spike shape. The implications of these findings for the origins of common wheat and the intraspecific taxonomy of Ae. tauschii are discussed.May 2025, Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences, English, Domestic magazine[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Abstract Aegilops tauschii Coss. (DD genome) is a wild, annual species recognized as a progenitor of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD genome). As an important genetic resource for wheat breeding, many accessions of this species are now available from genebanks, providing opportunities for evolutionary and agronomic research. To date, three divergent lineages—TauL1, TauL2, and TauL3—have been identified in this species based on DNA-level genotypes. Among them, TauL3 may have played a critical role in shaping the D genome of common wheat, but its accessions are limited in both geographic origin (previously known only from Georgia) and availability. In this paper, we report TauL3 accessions sampled from previously undocumented habitats in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran, discovered while assessing a collection of Ae. tauschii accessions. The newly identified TauL3 accessions suggest that this lineage has a broader distribution in the Transcaucasus and adjacent regions than previously thought. Together with Georgian TauL3 accessions, they provide valuable materials for research on the role of TauL3 in the evolution of common wheat, as well as for breeding practices utilizing Ae. tauschii germplasm. Nevertheless, TauL3 remains an exceptionally rare lineage. Conserving its natural habitats is an urgent priority.Springer Science and Business Media LLC, May 2025, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Wheat blast, a devastating disease having spread recently from South America to Asia and Africa, is caused by Pyricularia oryzae (synonym of Magnaporthe oryzae) pathotype Triticum, which first emerged in Brazil in 1985. Rmg8 and Rmg7, genes for resistance to wheat blast found in common wheat and tetraploid wheat, respectively, recognize the same avirulence gene, AVR-Rmg8. Here we show that an ancestral resistance gene, which had obtained an ability to recognize AVR-Rmg8 before the differentiation of Triticum and Aegilops, has expanded its target pathogens. Molecular cloning revealed that Rmg7 was an allele of Pm4, a gene for resistance to wheat powdery mildew on 2AL, whereas Rmg8 was its homoeologue on 2BL ineffective against wheat powdery mildew. Rmg8 variants with the ability to recognize AVR-Rmg8 were distributed not only in Triticum spp. but also in Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops umbellulata and Aegilops comosa. This result suggests that the origin of resistance gene(s) recognizing AVR-Rmg8 dates back to the time before differentiation of A, B, S, U and M genomes, that is, ~5 Myr before the emergence of its current target, the wheat blast fungus. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that, in the evolutionary process thereafter, some of their variants gained the ability to recognize the wheat powdery mildew fungus and evolved into genes controlling dual resistance to wheat powdery mildew and wheat blast.Jun. 2024, Nature plants, English, International magazine[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 2023, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution[Refereed]Scientific journal
- The aim of the presented study is a genetic characterization of the hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum L. Two approaches were used for the genealogical study of hexaploid wheats-the complete sequencing of chloroplast DNA and PCR-based haplotype analysis of the fourth intron of Wknox1d and of the fifth-to-sixth-exon region of Wknox1b. The complete chloroplast DNA sequences of 13 hexaploid wheat samples were determined: Free-threshing-T. aestivum subsp. aestivum, one sample; T. aestivum subsp. compactum, two samples; T. aestivum subsp. sphaerococcum, one sample; T. aestivum subsp. carthlicoides, four samples. Hulled-T. aestivum subsp. spelta, three samples; T. aestivum subsp. vavilovii jakubz., two samples. The comparative analysis of complete cpDNA sequences of 20 hexaploid wheat samples (13 samples in this article plus 7 samples sequenced in this laboratory in 2018) was carried out. PCR-based haplotype analysis of the fourth intron of Wknox1d and of the fifth-to-sixth exon region of Wknox1b of all 20 hexaploid wheat samples was carried out. The 20 hexaploid wheat samples (13 samples in this article plus 7 samples in 2018) can be divided into two groups-T. aestivum subsp. spelta, three samples and T. aestivum subsp. vavilovii collected in Armenia, and the remaining 16 samples, including T. aestivum subsp. vavilovii collected in Europe (Sweden). If we take the cpDNA of Chinese Spring as a reference, 25 SNPs can be identified. Furthermore, 13-14 SNPs can be identified in T. aestivum subsp. spelta and subsp. vavilovii (Vav1). In the other samples up to 11 SNPs were detected. 22 SNPs are found in the intergenic regions, 2 found in introns, and 10 SNPs were found in the genes, of which seven are synonymous. PCR-based haplotype analysis of the fourth intron of Wknox1d and the fifth-to-sixth-exon region of Wknox1b provides an opportunity to make an assumption that hexaploid wheats T. aestivum subsp. macha var. palaeocolchicum and var. letshckumicum differ from other macha samples by the absence of a 42 bp insertion in the fourth intron of Wknox1d. One possible explanation for this observation would be that two Aegilops tauschii Coss. (A) and (B) participated in the formation of hexaploids through the D genome: Ae. tauschii (A)-macha (1-5, 7, 8, 10-12), and Ae. tauschii (B)-macha M6, M9, T. aestivum subsp. aestivum cv. 'Chinese Spring' and cv. 'Red Doly'.Nov. 2021, International journal of molecular sciences, 22(23) (23), English, International magazine[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Jul. 2021, Journal of General Plant Pathology, 87(4) (4), 201 - 208[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Avirulence of Eleusine isolates of Pyricularia oryzae on common wheat is conditioned by at least five avirulence genes. One is PWT3 corresponding to resistance gene Rwt3 located on chromosome 1D. We identified a resistance gene corresponding to a second avirulence gene, PWT6, and named it Rmg9 (Rwt6). Rwt6 was closely linked to Rwt3. A survey of the population of Aegilops tauschii, the D genome donor to common wheat, revealed that some accessions from the southern coastal region of the Caspian Sea, the birthplace of common wheat, carried both genes. Rwt6 and Rwt3 carriers accounted for 65% and 80%, respectively, of accessions in a common wheat landrace collection. The most likely explanation of our results is that both resistance genes were simultaneously introduced into common wheat at the time of hybridization of Triticum turgidum and Ae. tauschii. However, a prominent difference was recognized in their geographical distributions in modern wheat; Rwt3 and Rwt6 co-occurred at high frequencies in regions to the east of the Caspian Sea, whereas Rwt6 occurred at a lower frequency than Rwt3 in regions to the west. This difference was considered to be associated with range of pathotypes to which these genes were effective. Ae. tauschii accessions carrying Rwt3 and Rwt6 also carried Rwt4, another resistance gene involved in the species specificity. We suggest that the gain of the D genome should have given an adaptive advantage to the genus Triticum by conferring disease resistance.May 2021, Phytopathology, 111(11) (11), PHYTO02210080R - 2029, English, International magazine[Refereed]Scientific journal
- May 2021, DIVERSITY-BASEL, 13(5) (5), English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Feb. 2021, PLANTS-BASEL, 10(2) (2), English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Wiley, Dec. 2020, Ecology and Evolution, 10(24) (24), 13926 - 13937[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Apr. 2019, GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION, 66(4) (4), 909 - 920, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Nature Publishing Group, Dec. 2017, Scientific Reports, 7(1) (1), English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Nature Publishing Group, Dec. 2016, Scientific Reports, 6, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- BioMed Central Ltd., Sep. 2015, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 15(1) (1), English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- BioMed Central Ltd., Sep. 2014, BMC Plant Biology, 14(1) (1), English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 2014, International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology, 309, 199 - 258, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- The complex process of allopolyploid speciation includes various mechanisms ranging from species crosses and hybrid genome doubling to genome alterations and the establishment of new allopolyploids as persisting natural entities. Currently, little is known about the genetic mechanisms that underlie hybrid genome doubling, despite the fact that natural allopolyploid formation is highly dependent on this phenomenon. We examined the genetic basis for the spontaneous genome doubling of triploid F1 hybrids between the direct ancestors of allohexaploid common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD genome), namely Triticumturgidum L. (AABB genome) and Aegilopstauschii Coss. (DD genome). An Ae. tauschii intraspecific lineage that is closely related to the D genome of common wheat was identified by population-based analysis. Two representative accessions, one that produces a high-genome-doubling-frequency hybrid when crossed with a T. turgidum cultivar and the other that produces a low-genome-doubling-frequency hybrid with the same cultivar, were chosen from that lineage for further analyses. A series of investigations including fertility analysis, immunostaining, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis showed that (1) production of functional unreduced gametes through nonreductional meiosis is an early step key to successful hybrid genome doubling, (2) first division restitution is one of the cytological mechanisms that cause meiotic nonreduction during the production of functional male unreduced gametes, and (3) six QTLs in the Ae. tauschii genome, most of which likely regulate nonreductional meiosis and its subsequent gamete production processes, are involved in hybrid genome doubling. Interlineage comparisons of Ae. tauschii's ability to cause hybrid genome doubling suggested an evolutionary model for the natural variation pattern of the trait in which non-deleterious mutations in six QTLs may have important roles. The findings of this study demonstrated that the genetic mechanisms for hybrid genome doubling could be studied based on the intrinsic natural variation that exists in the parental species.2013, PloS one, 8(8) (8), e68310, English, International magazine[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Few genes are available to develop drought-tolerant bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. One way to enhance bread wheat's genetic diversity would be to take advantage of the diversity of wild species by creating synthetic hexaploid wheat (SW) with the genomic constitution of bread wheat. In this study, we compared the expression of traits encoded at different ploidy levels and evaluated the applicability of Aegilops tauschii drought-related traits using 33 Ae. tauschii accessions along with their corresponding SW lines under well-watered and drought conditions. We found wide variation in Ae. tauschii, and even wider variation in the SW lines. Some SW lines were more drought-tolerant than the standard cultivar Cham 6. Aegilops tauschii from some regions gave better performing SW lines. The traits of Ae. tauschii were not significantly correlated with their corresponding SW lines, indicating that the traits expressed in wild diploid relatives of wheat may not predict the traits that will be expressed in SW lines derived from them. We suggest that, regardless of the adaptability and performance of the Ae. tauschii under drought, production of SW could probably result in genotypes with enhanced trait expression due to gene interactions, and that the traits of the synthetic should be evaluated in hexaploid level.Dec. 2011, Breeding science, 61(4) (4), 347 - 57, English, Domestic magazine[Refereed]Scientific journal
- The evolution of the polyploid Triticum wheats is distinctive in that domestication, natural hybridization and allopolyploid speciation have all had significant impacts on their diversification. In this review, I outline the phylogenetic relationships of cultivated wheats and their wild relatives and provide an overview of the recent progress and remaining issues in understanding the genetic and ecological factors that favored their evolution. An attempt is made to view the evolution of the polyploid Triticum wheats as a continuous process of diversification that was initiated by domestication of tetraploid emmer wheat and driven by various natural events ranging from interploidy introgression via hybridization to allopolyploid speciation of hexaploid common wheat, instead of viewing it as a group of discrete evolutionary processes that separately proceeded at the tetraploid and hexaploid levels. This standpoint underscores the important role of natural hybridization in the reticulate diversification of the tetraploid-hexaploid Triticum wheat complex and highlights critical, but underappreciated, issues that concern the allopolyploid speciation of common wheat.May 2011, Plant & cell physiology, 52(5) (5), 750 - 64, English, Domestic magazine[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Mar. 2010, Molecular Ecology, 19(5) (5), 999 - 1013, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- May 2009, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 279(1-4) (1-4), 233 - 244, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 2009, Breeding Science, 59(5) (5), 579 - 588, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Because of the economic importance of maize and its scientific importance as a model system for studies of domestication, its evolutionary history is of general interest. We analyzed the population genetic structure of maize races by genotyping 964 individual plants, representing almost the entire set of ∼350 races native to the Americas, with 96 microsatellites. Using Bayesian clustering, we detected four main clusters consisting of highland Mexican, northern United States (US), tropical lowland, and Andean races. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the southwestern US was an intermediary stepping stone between Mexico and the northern US. Furthermore, southeastern US races appear to be of mixed northern flint and tropical lowland ancestry, while lowland middle South American races are of mixed Andean and tropical lowland ancestry. Several cases of post-Columbian movement of races were detected, most notably from the US to South America. Of the four main clusters, the highest genetic diversity occurs in highland Mexican races, while diversity is lowest in the Andes and northern US. Isolation by distance appears to be the main factor underlying the historical diversification of maize. We identify highland Mexico and the Andes as potential sources of genetic diversity underrepresented among elite lines used in maize breeding programs.Oct. 2008, American journal of botany, 95(10) (10), 1240 - 53, English, International magazine[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Sep. 2008, PLoS ONE, 3(9) (9), English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Sep. 2008, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 55(6) (6), 861 - 868[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Evolutionary dynamics of wheat mitochondrial gene structure with special remarks on the origin and effects of RNA editing in cereals.We investigated the evolutionary dynamics of wheat mitochondrial genes with respect to their structural differentiation during organellar evolution, and to mutations that occurred during cereal evolution. First, we compared the nucleotide sequences of three wheat mitochondrial genes to those of wheat chloroplast, alpha-proteobacterium and cyanobacterium orthologs. As a result, we were able to (1) differentiate the conserved and variable segments of the orthologs, (2) reveal the functional importance of the conserved segments, and (3) provide a corroborative support for the alpha-proteobacterial and cyanobacterial origins of those mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, respectively. Second, we compared the nucleotide sequences of wheat mitochondrial genes to those of rice and maize to determine the types and frequencies of base changes and indels occurred in cereal evolution. Our analyses showed that both the evolutionary speed, in terms of number of base substitutions per site, and the transition/transversion ratio of the cereal mitochondrial genes were less than two-fifths of those of the chloroplast genes. Eight mitochondrial gene groups differed in their evolutionary variability, RNA and Complex I (nad) genes being most stable whereas Complex V (atp) and ribosomal protein genes most variable. C-to-T transition was the most frequent type of base change; C-to-G and G-to-C transversions occurred at lower rates than all other changes. The excess of C-to-T transitions was attributed to C-to-U RNA editing that developed in early stage of vascular plant evolution. On the contrary, the editing of C residues at cereal T-to-C transition sites developed mostly during cereal divergence. Most indels were associated with short direct repeats, suggesting intra- and intermolecular recombination as an important mechanism for their origin. Most of the repeats associated with indels were di- or trinucleotides, although no preference was noticed for their sequences. The maize mt genome was characterized by a high incidence of indels, comparing to the wheat and rice mt genomes.Aug. 2008, Genes & genetic systems, 83(4) (4), 301 - 20, English, Domestic magazine[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Dec. 2007, Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme, 52(15) (15), 1937 - 41, Japanese, Domestic magazine[Molecular phylogenetics of cultivated plants, with special reference to maize and common wheat].Scientific journal
- Aug. 2007, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 115(4) (4), 509 - 518, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Jul. 2005, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 111(2) (2), 265 - 271, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Apr. 2005, Genetics, 169(4) (4), 2241 - 2254, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Mar. 2005, Genetics, 169(3) (3), 1617 - 1630, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Nov. 2004, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109(8) (8), 1710 - 1717, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Sep. 2003, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 20(9) (9), 1480 - 1483, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Dec. 2002, Genes and Genetic Systems, 77(6) (6), 409 - 427, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, Dec. 2002, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19(12) (12), 2084 - 2091, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Jul. 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(15) (15), 9650 - 9655, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Apr. 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(9) (9), 6080 - 6084, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 2002, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 104(2-3) (2-3), 436 - 450, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2002, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19(8) (8), 1251 - 1260, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 2001, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102(4) (4), 463 - 470, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- 1999, Genome, 42(6) (6), 1042 - 1049, EnglishMolecular analysis of a 21.1-kb fragment of wheat chloroplast DNA bearing RNA polymerase subunit (rpo) genes[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, 1999, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 16(2) (2), 208 - 217, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Dec. 1997, Genes and Genetic Systems, 72(6) (6), 335 - 343, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Dec. 1997, Genes and Genetic Systems, 72(6) (6), 345 - 351, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Four newly discovered and seven previously known Fagopyrum species were classified based on their morphology, isozyme variability, and RFLP of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Three independently constructed phylogenetic trees showed good agreement and we had sufficient confidence in them to assert that they probably reflect the phylogenetic relationships among the Fagopyrum species. The new classification differs from Steward (1930)'s classification in the position of Fagopyrum tataricum and F. gracilipes; F. tataricum is very close to F. cymosum. The new classification resolved several problems which we suffered from, when we used Steward's classifiction. Three new species, F. pleioramosum, F. callianthum and F. capillatum are closely related to F. gracilipes. New species F. homotropicum is very close to F. esculentum in morphology as well as in isozyme variability.The Genetics Society of Japan, Dec. 1996, The Japanese Journal of Genetics, 71(6) (6), 383 - 390, English
- 1996, Genes and Genetic Systems, 71(5) (5), 293 - 311, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Oxford University Press, 1996, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13(10) (10), 1384 - 1392, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Feb. 2022, 考古学ジャーナル, 765, 29 - 31パンコムギの起原地はどこか?Introduction scientific journal
- 2022, 育種学研究, 24Synthetic octaploid wheat production with wide hybridization between bread wheat and Aegilops tauschii
- 東京 : 北隆館, Mar. 2020, アグリバイオ = Agricultural biotechnology, 4(3) (3), 204 - 206, Japanese祖先野生種プレブリーディングによるコムギ遺伝資源の創出と育種展開—New genetic resource development and advanced wheat breeding based on pre-breeding of the ancestral wild species
- 2020, アグリバイオ, 4(3) (3)祖先野生種プレブリーディングによるコムギ遺伝資源の創出と育種展開
- Apr. 2000, 育種学研究 = Breeding research, 2(1) (1), 30, JapaneseComplete sequence of wheat chloroplast DNA. IV. MITE like sequence found in wheat chloroplast DNA
- 01 Dec. 1998, 日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集, 21, 481, JapaneseComplete sequence of wheat chloroplast DNA
- JSPS, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究 (B) 一般, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Apr. 2023 - Mar. 2028野生コムギの生存戦略としての特異的休眠機構の解明と遺伝資源保全への応用
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kyoto University, 01 Apr. 2022 - 31 Mar. 2027Analyses of reproduction traits in wild wheat Aegilops tauschii.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B)), Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B)), Fukui Prefectural University, 07 Oct. 2019 - 31 Mar. 2025New genetic resource development and advanced breeding through connecting the Japanese wheat research resources to a renowned international agricultural research institute温暖化で深刻な負の影響を受けるパンコムギでは、育種を加速して、気候変動に打ち克つ品種を開発する必要がある。本研究は、6倍性パンコムギ(AABBDDゲノム)に祖先野生種タルホコムギ(DD)のコアコレクションを交配・胚培養して、多数の「8倍性合成コムギ(AABBDDDD)」を作出する。過去100年、コムギ染色体数の発見、倍数性進化の解明等、日本は世界の研究をリードしており、最高水準の研究リソース(人材、技術、遺伝資源)を有する。本研究は、ゲノム解読が完了した好機に、研究リソースを結集し、気候変動下の食糧生産問題の解決に向けて、20世紀に「緑の革命」を主導したことで著名な国際トウモロコシ・コムギ改良センター(CIMMYT、メキシコ)との共同研究を推進することを目的とする。 本研究では、研究期間内に2つの研究計画(① 8倍性合成コムギの作出、② 8倍性合成コムギ派生系統を用いたDゲノム改良と遺伝様式の解明)を実施する。本年度のそれぞれの研究実績は次の通りである。 ①8倍性合成コムギの作出:合計47系統のタルホコムギについて、パンコムギのエリート品種(農林61号もしくはBORLAUG 100)と交配し、胚培養することにより作出したF1雑種をコルヒチン処理し、8倍体雑種を作出した。また、一部の8倍体系統については、パンコムギとの戻し交雑により7倍体を作出した。 ②8倍性合成コムギ派生系統を用いたDゲノム改良と遺伝様式の解明:パンコムギのDゲノム特異的なFISH用オリゴDNAプローブを2種類デザインする事に成功し、1種類を合成した。また、本研究計画と関連して申請し受理された「先進ゲノム支援」の支援により、タルホコムギ1系統について新規ゲノム配列を取得した。さらに、別のタルホコムギ1系統について、葉、根、幼穂などからトータルRNAを抽出し、混合したRNAのIso-Seqリードを取得した。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 福井県立大学, 01 Apr. 2019 - 31 Mar. 2024アポミクシス形質を獲得してクローン胚を形成するコムギの作出と関連遺伝子の同定食糧生産を巡る状況が厳しさを増す今日、「いかにしてヘテロシス(雑種強勢)が分離しない永久ハイブリッド品種を作るか」は育種科学の核心的課題である。アポミクシス(無融合種子形成)は、クローン種子を形成することにより、ヘテロシスを固定する。しかし、パンコムギでは、アポミクシスは知られていない。本研究では、コムギ系統を交配し、アポミクシス形質を獲得してクローン胚を形成するコムギを作出することを目的とする。さらに、ゲノム・トランスクリプトーム解析により、アポミクシス形質発現に関わるコムギ遺伝子を同定することを目指す。上記の目的を達成するために実施した実験等により今年度は次の成果を得た。 ・アポミクシスは、雌性の非還元配偶子(減数分裂の回避により生じる配偶子。体細胞と同じ数の染色体をもつ)が単為生殖して発現する。今年度は、非還元配偶子を形成するコムギ系統LDNと単為生殖するコムギ系統 (Var)-Salmonを交配して雑種(F1)に、LDNを交配して得た(Var)-Salmon-LDN_F1BC1、にLDNを1回戻し交配し、(Var)-Salmon-LDN_F1BC2を得た。 ・アポミクシス形質発現に関わる遺伝子アリルをもつタルホコムギ系統のゲノム配列を新規に取得するため、高分子DNAを抽出し、次世代シークエンサー解析(ロングリード)により、追加のゲノムデータを取得した。そして、このタルホコムギの新規ゲノム配列を構築するための解析を進めた。 ・単為生殖するコムギ系統(Kot)-Salmonの幼穂由来からRNAを用いてRNA-seq解析を行った。また、このコムギ系統に特異的に発現する遺伝子を探索するための解析を開始した。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽), 挑戦的研究(萌芽), 福井県立大学, 30 Jul. 2020 - 31 Mar. 2023パンコムギの起原地はどこか?:植物遺伝学と考古植物学の協働による学際的研究西アジアで誕生し、ユーラシア大陸全体に広がり、各地で文明を支えたパンコムギは、トルコ南東部を中心とする「肥沃な三日月地帯」で栽培化され「作物」となった二粒系コムギが、その畑の周囲に雑草として生えていたタルホコムギ(野生種)と自然交雑して誕生した。現在、パンコムギの正確な起原地は未だ不明であり、このことが、初期コムギ農耕の全体像を理解する上で重大な障害となっている。本研究は、ゲノム配列情報を用いた遺伝子比較解析を世界に先駆けてパンコムギの起原地研究に適用して植物遺伝学と考古植物学の成果を統合的に考察することで、初期コムギ農耕の成立と発展に関わる重要問題の解決に挑戦することを目的とする。 本年度は、タルホコムギ種内に存在する3つのlineage(共通祖先から派生した系統群)のそれぞれから選ばれた代表系統(合計3系統)のうち、2系統について、次世代シークエンサーによるゲノム解析(ロングリード解析)を行い、データを取得した。また、このデータと、染色体立体配座捕捉法によるゲノム解析データ(昨年度取得)を合わせて、デノボ・アッセンブルによる新規ゲノム配列を取得するための解析を開始した。また、上記代表系統(合計3系統)のうち、1系統について、ロングリードRNAseq解析を行い、新規ゲノム配列に遺伝子情報(アノテーション)をつけるための準備を完了した。そして、植物遺伝学と考古植物学の成果を統合的に考察してパンコムギの起原を明らかとする研究アプローチについての論考を発表した(松岡、丹野、佐久間 2021)。
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Tottori University, 01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2018Gene mining of wheat-related wild species for heat tolerant breedingThe applicant produced "Multiple Synthetic Wheat (MSD) Population" which included intraspecific variation of wheat-related wild species, Aegilops tauschii, in a practical wheat genetic background. The MSD population was cultivated in the heat-stressed field in Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) in Sudan, and together with the breeders, plants showing vigorous growth were selected. We confirmed that the heat tolerance of these genotypes even under controlled high temperature condition in chambers. Meanwhile, 400 individuals were randomly selected from the MSD population, cultivated in three sites of ARC, and the agronomical traits were measured. In addition, these lines were genotyped with a large numbers of markers. The high-temperature resistant wheat breeding platform constructed in this study is useful for selection and marker assist selection of high temperature tolerant cultivars and for elucidation of high temperature tolerance mechanism.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Fukui Prefectural University, 01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2018Wheat polyploidization: the genetic basis of F1 hybrid genome doubling through union of 2n gametesTo better understand the genetic basis of “F1 hybrid genome doubling through union of 2n gametes”, an important early step in the process of plant allopolyploid speciation, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was done using triploid F1 hybrids that were produced by artificial cross between the diploid and tetraploid progenitors of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum). As the result, 11 QTLs were found. Comparative observations of the pollen mother cells suggested that at least some of those QTLs might be involved in the process of 2n gamete formation in the triploid F1 hybrids.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kyoto University, 2010 - 2012Studies on adaptive genes in annual grasses with widedistribution area in EurasiaGenetic variation was studied in Aegilops tauschii covering its whole distribution area. Although only one cluster was recognized in chloroplast DNA variation, two distantly related lineages were found in nuclear DNA. The two lineages were supposed to establish through several million years separation. Similar genetic structure was also detected in wild barley, Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. It was shown that population division through evolutionary time is important to clarify genetic variation at present.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), Fukui Prefectural University, 2009 - 2011Genetic mechanism that underlies the early process of polyploid formation in grasses : an empirical study with synthetic polyploidsToward a better understanding of the genetic mechanism thatunderlies the early process of polyploid formation in grasses, wheat experimental lines for polyploidization-gene mapping were produced. In addition, comparative pollen mother cell analysis in wheat triploid hybrids suggested that it is the early stage of meiosis that holds the key to successful productionof functional 2n gametes.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A), Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A), Fukui Prefectural University, 2006 - 2008Genetic mechanisms for 2n gamete formation本研究では、種間交雑-倍数化による新しい種の形成プロセスにおいて重要な役割を果たす、非還元配偶子形成の遺伝的メカニズムの解明を目指し、種間雑種の自殖種子稔性に関する遺伝分析を行なった。二倍体コムギと四倍体コムギの交雑に由来する3倍体植物を材料として、マイクロサテライト・マーカーを用いて連鎖解析を行なった結果、二倍体コムギゲノム上に、種間雑種の自殖種子稔性の高低に影響する遺伝子座が存在することが示された。
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Kyoto University, 2005 - 2008Analysis of genetic diversity in plants with wide distribution in Eurasia by using wild relatives of wheatトルコから中国西部にかけて, ユーラシア大陸内陸部に広域く分布するタルホコムギ(Aegilops tauschii)について, 種内の葉緑体塩基配列・穂の形態・開花までの日数などについて変異を明らかにした。解析の結果同じような気候条件に対し, 分布の東と西で違う遺伝子の変異によって適応していることが分かったので, これらの遺伝子について塩基配列を決定しその変異を明らかにした。また乾燥に応答する遺伝子など, そのほかいくつかの遺伝子の変異を明らかにした。
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Fukui Prefectural University, 2003 - 2006A study on the interrelationships among environment, people, crops and weeds in the agro-ecosystem based on wheat and barley cultivation1.Summary of field researches and collection : (1)A series of cooperative field researches were carried out with Cukurova University. A total of 1709 samples including Triticeae, Lolium, and so on, were collected. Germination of some Aegilops species were observed at their natural populations in October and December. (2)A series of cooperative field researches were carried out in the northern and northwestern parts of Iran, based on the agreement with the National Plant Gene-Bank of Iran (NPGBI). A total of 1557 samples including Triticeae, Lolium, Medicago, and so on, were collected. A part of samples of Lolium and Secale were received by Japanese members based on the MTA between NPGBI and Fukui Prefectural University. (3)A field research was carried out in northern Greece. A total of 54 samples including Lolium, Brassicaceae, and so on, were collected. 2.Ecotype differentiation in Aegilops species : (1)It was revealed that the two varieties of Ae. neglecta and Ae. columnaris grow in ecologically different habitats, and that var. contorta of Ae. neglecta is distributed in southwestern Turkey, with no description so far, and its distribution is expanding with an intensive human activity. (2)It was revealed that ssp. strangulata and var. meyeri of Ae. tauschii are the ecotypes adapted to calcareous and sandy soils, respectively, in the southern coastal plains of the Caspian Sea. (3)It was revealed by field observations that Aegilops species realized both rapid germination for the establishment of populations and variation in seed germination against unpredictable disasters by bearing tow types of grains with different dormancy on the same spikes. 3.Genetic variation and association modes of associated weeds in wheat and barley cultivation : (1)It was revealed that Lolium temulentum and L.persicum grow sympatrically on road-side in the northwestern parts of Iran. A part of collected material is now growing at Kyoto University for the further genetic analysis. (2)It was revealed that weed rye with brittle spikes commonly grows in wheat and barley fields in Iran, and the frequency is high in the centers of genetic diversity of cultivated rye. The plants with standard B-chromosomes were found in five cultivated and weed rye populations in Iran. Introgression between cultivated-weed rye (Secale cereale) and wild perennial rye (S.montanum) was found in northern Iran. 4.Establishment of common wheat : It was revealed that durum wheat is still cultivated in some villages of the Alborz Mountains and Aegilops tauschii grows at the margin of the durum wheat fields. 5.Invitation of Turkish members : A graduate student and an associated professor of Cukurova University were invited to Fukui Prefectural University, Kyoto University and Kobe University in April-May,2005 and September,2006,respectively.
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 若手研究(B), 若手研究(B), 福井県立大学, 2002 - 2004種間雑種において発現するトランスポゾン群の解析本研究は、植物の雑種ゲノムの安定化におけるトランスポゾンの役割を解明することを目的とし、コムギ植物を材料に、雑種ゲノムにおいて発現するトランスポゾン群の体系的な解析を行った。 本研究の主な成果は以下の通り。 (1)マカロニコムギ-タルホコムギ三倍体種間雑種における高頻度染色体倍加:マカロニコムギ(Triticum durum、2n=28、♀親)とタルホコムギ(Aegilops squarrosa、2n=14、♂親)の交配に由来する三倍体F_1雑種(2n=21)は、高い花粉稔性及び、自殖種子着粒率を示すことを見出した。さらに、細胞遺伝学的解析により、(a)この三倍体F_1雑種では、減数分裂の過程で非還元配偶子が高頻度に形成され、(b)雌雄の非還元性配偶子の合体により六倍体F_2雑種(2n=2)が生じることが明らかとなった。六倍体F_2雑種は、正常に成長し、高頻度(>90%)で種子をつける。従来、ペルシアコムギ(Triticum carthlicum)とタルホコムギの三倍体F_1雑種で、高頻度染色体倍加が起きることは知られていたが、マカロニコムギ-タルホコムギ三倍体雑種での高頻度染色体倍加は知られておらず、この発見は新規でる。この結果は、現在広く栽培されるパンコムギ(六倍体、2n=42)の母方の祖先がマカロニコムギである可能性を示唆する。 (2)コムギ種間雑種におけるトランスポゾンの発現:マカロニコムギ-タルホコムギ三倍体F_1雑種とその自殖後代(F_2-F_3)の根、葉と幼穂からtotalRNAを抽出し、RT-PCR法により、copia型レトロトランスポゾンの発現の有無を調査したが、明確なトランスポゾン転写活性は、検出されなかった。
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Fukui Prefectural University, 1995 - 1997Breeding a hard, winter type durum wheat by the gene shuttling methodCommon wheat (genome, AABBDD) carries agronomically important genes, such as Glu-D1d gene (on chromosome 1D) for high baking quality, Rht2 gene (on 4D) for semidwarfism, and vrn3 (on 5D) for strong winter growth habit, which are not found in durum wheat (AABB). The present investigation aimed to transfer those genes to durum wheat using the D-genome chromosome substitution lines of a durum wheat. (1) Transfer of the Glu-D1d gene : Langdon's 1D (1A) and 1D (1B) substitution lines were crossed to two bread wheat cultivars, Max and Stoa, which carry a Glu-D1d allele for the best glutenin fractions. Several F_2 plants having 2n=28 and Glu-D1d allele in the homozygous condition were successfully selected. Grains set by self-pollination were harvested and flour characteristics were tested. Two doses of the Glu-D1d allele did not change protein content of flour but its mixing tolerance clearly was increased, and loaf volume and texture were improved, comparing to the Langdon's flour. (2) Transfer of the Rht genes : Japanese cultivar, Norin 10, that carries two semidwarf genes, Rht1 and Rht2, was crossed to Langdon and in the F_2 generation selection was made on chromosome number and plant height. An F_3 line was obtained that carries the Rht1 and vrn1 genes both in homozygous condition. In another experiment, crosses were made between Norin 10 and Langdon's 4D (4A) and 4D (4B) substitution lines and in the F_2 generation selection was made on chromosome number and plant height. Several short culm plants having nearly 2n=28 were obtained, which are assumed to be the Rht2 homozygote in the durum background. (3) Transfer of the vrn genes : To produce a durum line having both the vrn1 and vrn3 genes, Langdon's 5D (5B) substitution line was crossed to two Japanese winter cultivars of common wheat, and selection was made on chromosome number in the F_2 generation, and on growth habit in the F_3 generation. Several F_3 plants having strong winter growth habit and nearly 2n=28 chromosomes were obtained, which are assumed to be the homozygote of both vrn genes.