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近藤 徳彦大学院人間発達環境学研究科 人間発達専攻教授
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- We examined the effect of 12 h of fluid deprivation before, and three different rehydration strategies (none, fixed volume, and ad libitum drinking) after exercise on post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in 12 normotensive Asian men. The participants underwent four experimental trials, comprising euhydration (Eu), dehydration only (De), dehydration with fixed fluid intake (De + Fixed) and dehydration with ad libitum fluid intake (De + Ad). The participants completed one of the dehydration trials at the severe intensity domain until volitional exhaustion. All other trials were strictly matched for the time to exhaustion reported in the dehydration trial (698 ± 179 s), with a 1-h recovery in all trials. The dehydration trials (De, De + Fixed and De + Ad) induced higher resting plasma osmolality (291 ± 4, 294 ± 6, 294 ± 4 vs. 287 ± 4 mOsm/kg, respectively), urine specific gravity and haematocrit (all P < 0.03) than Eu. The peak reduction in post-exercise diastolic blood pressure was larger in De (- 12 ± 2 mm Hg) than in Eu (- 6 ± 1 mm Hg), De + Fixed (- 4 ± 2 mm Hg) and De + Ad (- 5 ± 2 mm Hg), as was the reduction in mean arterial pressure (De: - 11 ± 2 vs - 7 ± 1, - 5 ± 1 and - 5 ± 1 mm Hg, all P < 0.05). These reductions did not differ across Eu, De + Fixed and De + Ad (all P > 0.80). No effects of dehydration on systolic pressure were observed (P = 0.06). Dehydration exacerbated PEH whilst fixed and ad libitum drinking during the post-exercise period were equally effective at mitigating hypotension in Asian men.2025年03月, European journal of applied physiology, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: This study tested the hypothesis that females engage in cool seeking behavior to a greater extent during passive heating compared to males. METHODS: 27 healthy participants (14 males) underwent two trials of 50 min lower leg passive heating with (Fan trial) and without the fan (No fan trial) in a 27 °C, 50% relative humidity environment. In the Fan trials, participants were allowed to use the fan by pressing the button to keep themselves comfortable while they were not allowed in the No fan trial. RESULTS: Cool seeking behavior was initiated at the same change (∆) in rectal temperature (0.2 (0.2) °C vs 0.2 (0.1) °C, p = 0.281) and ∆ mean skin temperature (2.1 (0.6) °C vs 2.3 (0.6) °C, p = 0.307), but cooling time was longer (13.5 (5.4) min vs 17.3 (3.9) min, p = 0.040) and cumulative number of times pressing the button is more often (7.3 (3.6) times vs 10.8 (4.6) times, p = 0.049) in females compared to males. Thermal sensation, thermal discomfort, and perceived skin wetness were not different between sexes during lower leg passive heating in all trials (all p > 0.145). Furthermore, whole body sweat loss and local sweat rate on the forearm were significantly higher in males compared to females (all p < 0.042) across Fan and No fan trials. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, females engage in cool seeking behavior to a greater extent than males. Furthermore, thermal perceptions are not different between sexes during passive heating.2025年02月, European journal of applied physiology, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- The assessment of adrenergic modulation of sweating as assessed via pharmacologic administration of α- and β-adrenergic receptor blockers during exercise has yielded mixed findings. However, the underlying mechanisms for this disparity remain unresolved. We investigated the effects of separate and combined blockade of α- and β-adrenergic receptors on forearm sweating induced by a 30-min moderate-intensity exercise bout (n = 17, protocol 1) and the administration of adrenergic agonists epinephrine and norepinephrine (n = 16, protocol 2) in the heat. Adrenergic receptor blockade was induced via the separate and combined iontophoretic administration of terazosin (α-adrenergic receptor antagonist) and propranolol (β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) on forearm skin. Bretylium, a noradrenergic sympathetic nerve inhibitor, was also administered separately in protocol 1. In protocol 1, relative to the separate administration of propranolol, terazosin alone or in combination with propranolol attenuated exercise sweating to a similar extent (both P ≤ 0.037), although the effect was reduced relative to that observed with bretylium treatment (P < 0.001). In protocol 2, administration of propranolol increased norepinephrine- (P = 0.029) but not epinephrine-induced sweat rate. The combined administration of terazosin reversed this response, attenuating sweating (P < 0.001) to a greater extent than terazosin treatment alone (P = 0.030). Altogether, we showed that although β-adrenergic receptors may interact with α-adrenergic receptors pharmacologically, it does not appear to modulate exercise-induced sweating on the forearm. Furthermore, α- but not β-adrenergic receptors independently modulate the regulation of forearm sweating during exercise in the heat. Finally, the bretylium-induced reduction in forearm sweat rate during exercise likely occurs independently of α- and β-adrenergic receptors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pharmacological stimulation of α- and β-adrenergic receptors produces sweating in vivo. Still, the separate and interactive roles of these adrenergic receptors during exercise and pharmacological adrenergic stimulation in the heat remain unknown. We showed that β-adrenergic receptors may interact with α-adrenergic receptors pharmacologically, but it does not modulate exercise-induced sweating. The α-adrenergic receptors independently modulate sweating during exercise in the heat. We provide important new insights into our understanding of the mechanisms regulating human sweating.2025年02月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 328(2) (2), R181-R194, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Seasonal heat acclimatization is known to enhance autonomic thermoeffector responses, whereas the behavioural response following seasonal heat acclimatization remains unknown. We investigated whether seasonal heat acclimatization would alter autonomic and behavioural thermoregulatory responses. Sixteen healthy participants (eight males and eight females) underwent two trials involving 50 min of lower-leg passive heating (lower-leg submersion in 42°C water) with (Fan trial) and without (No fan trial) the voluntary use of a fan in a moderate thermal environment (27°C, 50% relative humidity) across winter and summer months. In Fan trials, participants were allowed to use a fan to maintain thermal comfort, but this was not allowed in the No fan trials. Cool-seeking behaviour was initiated at a lower change in rectal temperature [mean (SD): 0.21 (0.18)°C vs. 0.11 (0.13)°C, P = 0.0327] and change in mean skin temperature [2.34 (0.56)°C vs. 1.81 (0.32)°C, P < 0.0001], and cooling time was longer [16.46 (5.62) vs. 20.40 (4.87) min, P = 0.0224] in summer compared with winter. However, thermal perception was not modified by season during lower-leg passive heating (all P > 0.0864). Furthermore, rectal temperature was higher in summer (P = 0.0433), whereas mean body temperature and skin temperature were not different (all P > 0.0631) between the two seasons in Fan trials. In conclusion, seasonal heat acclimatization enhanced the cool-seeking behaviour from winter to summer.2024年09月, Experimental physiology, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- To determine whether using nicotine exacerbates exertional heat strain through an increased metabolic heat production (Hprod) or decreased skin blood flow (SkBF), 10 nicotine-naïve trained males [37 ± 12 yr; peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2peak): 66 ± 10 mL·min-1·kg-1] completed four trials at 20°C and 30°C following overnight transdermal nicotine (7 mg·24 h-1) and placebo use in a crossover, double-blind design. They cycled for 60 min (55% V̇o2peak) followed by a time trial (∼75% V̇o2peak) during which measures of gastrointestinal (Tgi) and mean weighted skin ([Formula: see text]sk) temperatures, SkBF, Hprod, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were made. The difference in ΔTgi between nicotine and placebo trials was greater during 30°C (0.4 ± 0.5°C) than 20°C (0.1 ± 0.7°C), with [Formula: see text]sk higher during nicotine than placebo trials (0.5 ± 0.5°C, P = 0.02). SkBF became progressively lower during nicotine than placebo trials (P = 0.01) and progressively higher during 30°C than 20°C trials (P < 0.01); MAP increased from baseline (P < 0.01) and remained elevated in all trials. The difference in Hprod between 30°C and 20°C trials was lower during nicotine than placebo (P = 0.01) and became progressively higher during 30°C than 20°C trials with exercise duration (P = 0.03). Mean power output during the time trial was lower during 30°C than 20°C trials (24 ± 25 W, P = 0.02), and although no effect of nicotine was observed (P > 0.59), two participants (20%) were unable to complete their 30°C nicotine trials as one reached the ethical limit for Tgi (40.0°C), whereas the other withdrew due to "nausea and chills" (Tgi = 39.7°C). These results demonstrate that nicotine use increases thermal strain and risk of exertional heat exhaustion by reducing SkBF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In naïve participants, acute nicotine use exerts a hyperthermic effect that increases the risk of heat exhaustion during exertional heat strain, which is driven by a blunted skin blood flow response. This has implications for 1) populations that face exertional heat strain and demonstrate high nicotine use (e.g., athletes and military, 25%-50%) and 2) study design whereby screening and exclusion for nicotine use or standardization of prior use (e.g., overnight abstinence) is encouraged.2024年08月, Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 137(2) (2), 421 - 428, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Post-exercise reduction in blood pressure, termed post-exercise hypotension (PEH), is relevant for both acute and chronic health reasons and potentially for peripheral cardiovascular adaptations. We investigated the interactive effects of exercise intensity and recovery postures (seated, supine, and standing) on PEH. Thirteen normotensive men underwent a VO2max test on a cycle ergometer and 5 exhaustive constant load trials to determine critical power (CP) and the gas exchange threshold (GET). Subsequently, work-matched exercise trials were performed at two discrete exercise intensities (10% > CP and 10% < GET), with one hour of recovery in each of three postures. For both exercise intensities, standing posture resulted in a more substantial PEH (all P < 0.01). For both standing and seated recovery postures, the higher exercise intensity led to larger reductions in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures (all P < 0.01), whereas in the supine recovery posture, the reduction in diastolic and mean arterial pressures was unaffected by prior exercise intensity (both P > 0.05). PEH is more pronounced during recovery from exercise performed above critical power versus below GET. However, the effect of exercise intensity on PEH is largely abolished when recovery is performed in the supine posture.2024年04月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: Sweat glands and cutaneous vessels possess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors. Here, we assessed if exercise increases GH and IGF-1 in skin interstitial fluid, and whether baseline and exercise-induced increases in GH and IGF-1 concentrations in skin interstitial fluid/blood are associated with heat loss responses of sweating and cutaneous vasodilation. METHODS: Sixteen young adults (7 women) performed a 50-min moderate-intensity exercise bout (50% VO2peak) during which skin dialysate and blood samples were collected. In a sub-study (n = 7, 4 women), we administered varying concentrations of GH (0.025-4000 ng/mL) and IGF-1 (0.000256-100 µg/mL) into skin interstitial fluid via intradermal microdialysis. Sweat rate (ventilated capsule) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) were measured continuously for both studies. RESULTS: Exercise increased sweating and CVC (both P < 0.001), paralleled by increases of serum GH and skin dialysate GH and IGF-1 (all P ≤ 0.041) without changes in serum IGF-1. Sweating was positively correlated with baseline dialysate and serum GH levels, as well as exercise-induced increases in serum GH and IGF-1 (all P ≤ 0.044). Increases in CVC were not correlated with any GH and IGF-1 variables. Exogenous administration of GH and IGF-1 did not modulate resting sweat rate and CVC. CONCLUSION: (1) Exercise increases GH and IGF-1 levels in the skin interstitial fluid, (2) exercise-induced sweating is associated with baseline GH in skin interstitial fluid and blood, as well as exercise-induced increases in blood GH and IGF-1, and (3) cutaneous vasodilation during exercise is not associated with GH and IGF-1 in skin interstitial fluid and blood.2024年03月, European journal of applied physiology, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Elsevier BV, 2023年12月, Journal of Thermal Biology, 118, 103724 - 103724研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Whether high-intensity exercise training and detraining combined with skeletal muscle pump (MP) could alter the magnitude of postexercise hypotension has not been investigated. We therefore sought to determine whether the combination of MP (unloaded back-pedaling) with 4 weeks of high-intensity exercise training and detraining could alter the magnitude of postexercise hypotension. Fourteen healthy men underwent 4 weeks of high-intensity exercise training (5 consecutive days per week for 15 min per session at 40% of the difference between the gas exchange threshold and maximal oxygen uptake [i.e., Δ40%]) followed by detraining for 4 weeks. Assessments were conducted at Pre-training (Pre), Post-training (Post) and after Detraining with (MP) and without MP (Con). The exercise test in the Pre, Post and the Detraining consisted of 15 min exercise at Δ40% followed by 1 h of recovery. At all time-points, the postexercise reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced in MP compared to Con (all p < 0.01). Four weeks of high-intensity exercise training resulted in a reduction in the magnitude of postexercise hypotension (i.e., the change in MAP from baseline was mitigated) across both trials (All p < 0.01) when compared to Pre and Detraining. Following Detraining, the reduction of MAP from baseline was reduced compared to Pre, but was not different from Post. We conclude that high-intensity exercise training combined with skeletal MP reduces the magnitude of postexercise hypotension, and this effect is partially retained for 4 weeks following the complete cessation of high-intensity exercise training.2023年12月, Physiological reports, 11(24) (24), e15862, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- To date, the thermoregulatory response between continuous and intermittent exercises has been investigated whilst limited studies are available to examine the thermoregulatory responses between different modes of intermittent exercises. We sought to determine the effect of two patterns of short duration intermittent exercises (180:180 (3-min) and 30:30 s (30-s) work: rest) on thermoregulatory responses in a temperate environment (25 °C, 50% RH, vapor pressure: 1.6 kPa) with low airflow (0.2 m/s). Twelve male participants (Age:24.0(5.0) year; VO2max: 53(8) mL.kg-1.min-1; BSA:1.7(0.1) m2) cycled at 50% VO2max for 60 min in 3-min and 30-s intervals to result in the same 30-min net exercise duration. Core and skin temperatures, the percent increase of skin blood flow (forearm and chest) from baseline and local sweat rate (forearm and chest) were not different between 3-min and 30-s (all P > 0.35) from the onset of exercise to the end of the exercise. Similarly, the mean body temperature onsets of skin blood flow (forearm and chest) and local sweat rates (forearm and chest) were not different between different mode of intermittent exercises (all P > 0.1). Furthermore, thermal sensitivities of skin blood flow (forearm and chest) and local sweat rate (forearm and chest) with increasing mean body temperature were not different between different mode of intermittent exercises (all P > 0.1). We conclude that intermittent exercises with different work periods at moderate exercise intensity did not alter core temperature and thermoeffector responses in a temperate environment. (241/250).2023年11月, Journal of thermal biology, 119, 103750 - 103750, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- The effect of different exercise intensities on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension has not been rigorously clarified with respect to the metabolic thresholds that partition discrete exercise intensity domains (i.e., critical power and the gas exchange threshold (GET)). We hypothesized that the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension would be greater following isocaloric exercise performed above versus below critical power. Twelve non-hypertensive men completed a ramp incremental exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake and the GET, followed by five exhaustive constant load trials to determine critical power and W' (work available above critical power). Subsequently, criterion trials were performed at four discrete intensities matched for total work performed (i.e., isocaloric) to determine the impact of exercise intensity on post-exercise hypotension: 10% above critical power (10% > CP), 10% below critical power (10% < CP), 10% above GET (10% > GET) and 10% below GET (10% < GET). The post-exercise decrease (i.e., the minimum post-exercise values) in mean arterial (10% > CP: -12.7 ± 8.3 vs. 10% < CP: v3.5 ± 2.9 mmHg), diastolic (10% > CP: -9.6 ± 9.8 vs. 10% < CP: -1.4 ± 5.0 mmHg) and systolic (10% > CP: -23.8 ± 7.0 vs. 10% < CP: -9.9 ± 4.3 mmHg) blood pressures were greater following exercise performed 10% > CP compared to all other trials (all P < 0.01). No effects of exercise intensity on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension were observed during exercise performed below critical power (all P > 0.05). Critical power represents a threshold above which the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension is greatly augmented. NEW FINDINGS: What is the central questions of this study? What is the influence of exercise intensity on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension with respect to metabolic thresholds? What is the main finding and its importance? The magnitude of post-exercise hypotension is greatly increased following exercise performed above critical power. However, below critical power, there was no clear effect of exercise intensity on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension.2023年11月, Experimental physiology, 108(11) (11), 1409 - 1421, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Galanin receptor subtypes GAL1, GAL2, and GAL3 are involved in several biological functions. We hypothesized that 1) GAL3 receptor activation contributes to sweating but limits cutaneous vasodilation induced by whole-body and local heating without a contribution of GAL2; and 2) GAL1 receptor activation attenuates both sweating and cutaneous vasodilation during whole-body heating. Young adults underwent whole-body (n = 12, 6 females) and local (n = 10, 4 females) heating. Forearm sweat rate (ventilated capsule) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; ratio of laser-Doppler blood flow to mean arterial pressure) were assessed during whole-body heating (water-perfusion suit circulated with warm (35 °C) water), while CVC was also assessed by local forearm heating (from 33 °C to 39 °C and elevated to 42 °C thereafter; each level of heating maintained for ∼30 min). Sweat rate and CVC were evaluated at four intradermal microdialysis forearm sites treated with either 1) 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (control), 2) M40, a non-selective GAL1 and GAL2 receptor antagonist, 3) M871 to selectively antagonize GAL2 receptor, or 4) SNAP398299 to selectively antagonize GAL3 receptor. Sweating was not modulated by any GAL receptor antagonist (P > 0.169), whereas only M40 reduced CVC (P ≤ 0.003) relative to control during whole-body heating. Relative to control, SNAP398299 augmented the initial and sustained increase in CVC during local heating to 39 °C, and the transient increase at 42 °C (P ≤ 0.028). We confirmed that while none of the galanin receptors modulate sweating during whole-body heating, GAL1 receptors mediate cutaneous vasodilation. Further, GAL3 receptors blunt cutaneous vasodilation during local heating.2023年09月, European journal of pharmacology, 954, 175904 - 175904, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Hyperthermia increases intravascular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is associated with greater hyperthermia-induced cutaneous vasodilation. Hyperthermia may also increase skin interstitial fluid ATP thereby activating cutaneous vascular smooth muscle cells and sweat glands. We evaluated the hypothesis that whole-body heating would increase skin interstitial fluid ATP, and this response would be associated with an increase in cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Nineteen (8 females) young adults underwent whole-body heating using a water-perfusion suit to increase core temperature by ~1°C during which time cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, ratio of laser-Doppler blood flow to mean arterial pressure) and sweat rate (ventilated capsule technique) were measured at four forearm skin sites to minimize between-site variations. Dialysate from the skin sites were collected via intradermal microdialysis. Heating increased serum ATP, CVC, and sweat rate (all p ≤ 0.031). However, heating did not modulate dialysate ATP (median, baseline vs. end-heating: 2.38 vs. 2.70 nmol/ml) (p = 0.068), though the effect size was moderate (Cohen's d = 0.566). While the heating-induced increase in CVC was not correlated with changes in serum ATP (r = 0.439, p = 0.060), we observed a negative correlation (rs = -0.555, p = 0.017) between dialysate ATP and CVC. We did not observe a significant correlation between the heating-induced sweating and serum, dialysate, or sweat ATP (rs = 0.091 to -0.322, all p ≥ 0.222). Altogether, we showed that passive heating increases ATP in blood and possibly skin interstitial fluid, with the latter potentially blunting cutaneous vasodilation. However, ATP does not appear to modulate sweating.2023年09月, Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 43(5) (5), 336 - 344, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Emotional stress-induced sweating in glabrous skin of the palm and sole, which can be excessive in some individuals (hyperhidrosis), can negatively impact quality of life. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this response can lead to potential treatments. Transdermal iontophoresis is a method to administer ionized sudorific agents to sweat glands within the dermis. However, due to the reduced permeability of pharmacological agents in thicker skin such as the palms, this technique has been shown to be less effective when applied in thicker skin. Thus, we assessed the effectiveness of pre-treating palmar skin with microneedles to create micropores on the stratum corneum of the palm to enhance the iontophoretic delivery of pilocarpine to modulate sweat production. On three separate sessions, we applied microneedles (0.78 cm2, 190 needles with a length of 875 μm) to palm and forearm skin sites. Upon removal of the microneedles, we assessed the number of perforations colored by gentian violet in the forearm only (Protocol 1, n = 20), skin barrier function indexed by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (Protocol 2, n = 21), and sweating induced by the iontophoretic application of 1% pilocarpine (Protocol 3, n = 43). Briefly, we measured 1) ∼172 dyed spots on forearm skin, 2) an increase of ∼300% and ∼ 900% in TEWL on palm and forearm skin, respectively; and 3) a 2-fold increase in sweating on the palm only following the application of the microneedles. Notably, the microneedle array failed to enhance pilocarpine delivery at either the palm or forearm skin sites. We showed the application of a microneedle array enhanced skin permeability and sweat production on the palm without a concomitant increase in pilocarpine delivery. Therefore, this methodology could be employed to advance our understanding of the causes and treatments of medical conditions such as hyperhidrosis.2023年06月, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 358, 161 - 170, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Whether whole body heat loss and thermoregulatory function (local sweat rate and skin blood flow) are different between summer and autumn and between autumn and winter seasons during exercise with different air flow in humid heat remain unknown. We therefore tested the hypotheses that whole body sweat rate (WBSR), evaporated sweat rate, and thermoregulatory function during cycling exercise in autumn would be higher than in winter but would be lower than in summer under hot-humid environment (32 C, 75% RH). We also tested the hypothesis that the increase of air velocity would enhance evaporated sweat rate and sweating efficiency across winter, summer, and autumn seasons. Eight males cycled for 1 h at 40% V̇o2max in winter, summer, and autumn seasons. Using an electric fan, air velocity increased from 0.2 m/s to 1.1 m/s during the final 20 min of cycling. The autumn season resulted in a lower WBSR, unevaporated sweat rate, and a higher sweating efficiency compared with summer (all P ≤ 0.05) but WBSR and unevaporated sweat rate in autumn were higher than in winter and thus sweating efficiency was lower when compared with winter only at the air velocity of 0.2 m/s (All P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, evaporated sweat rate and core temperature (Tcore) were not different among winter, summer, and autumn seasons (All P > 0.19). In conclusion, changes in WBSR across different seasons do not alter Tcore during exercise in a hot humid environment. Furthermore, increasing air velocity enhances evaporated sweat rate and sweating efficiency across all seasons.2023年01月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 324(1) (1), R35-R44, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Do transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) blockers modulate the activation of heat loss responses of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation? What are the main finding and its importance? Relative to the vehicle control site, TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone had no effect on sweat rate or cutaneous vascular conductance during whole-body heating inducing a 1.1 ± 0.1°C increase in core temperature above baseline resting levels. These results suggest that TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during whole-body heat stress. ABSTRACT: Animal and in vitro studies suggest that transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), a Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel, contributes to regulating eccrine sweating. However, direct evidence supporting this possibility in humans is lacking. We assessed the hypothesis that TMEM16A blockers attenuate sweating during whole-body heating in humans. Additionally, we assessed the associated changes in the heat loss response of cutaneous vasodilatation to determine if a functional role of TMEM16A may exist. Twelve young (24 ± 2 years) adults (six females) underwent whole-body heating using a water-perfused suit to raise core temperature 1.1 ± 0.1°C above baseline. Sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance (normalized to maximal conductance via administration of sodium nitroprusside) were evaluated continuously at four forearm skin sites treated continuously by intradermal microdialysis with (1) lactated Ringer's solution (control), (2) 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) serving as a vehicle control, or (3) TMEM16A blockers 1 mM T16Ainh-A01 or 2 mM benzbromarone dissolved in 5% DMSO solution. All drugs were administered continuously via intradermal microdialysis. Whole-body heating increased core temperature progressively and this was paralleled by an increase in sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance at all skin sites. However, sweat rate (all P > 0.318) and cutaneous vascular conductance (all P ≥ 0.073) did not differ between the vehicle control site relative to the TMEM16A blocker-treated sites. Collectively, our findings indicate that TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during whole-body heating in young adults in vivo.2022年06月, Experimental physiology, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- NEW & NOTEWORTHY: What is the central question of this study? Does inhibition of K+ channels modulate the exercise-training-induced augmentation in cholinergic and thermal sweating? What is the main finding and its importance? Iontophoretic administration of tetraethylammonium, a K+ channel blocker, blunted sweating induced by a low dose (0.001%) of cholinergic agent pilocarpine, but not heat-induced sweating. However, no differences in the cholinergic sweating were observed between young endurance trained and untrained men. Thus, while K+ channels play a role in the regulation of eccrine sweating, they do not contribute to the increase in sweating commonly observed in endurance trained adults. Our findings provide important new insights into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of sweating by endurance conditioning. ABSTRACT: We evaluated the hypothesis that the activation of K+ channels mediate the exercise-training-induced augmentation in cholinergic and thermal sweating. On separate days, 11 endurance trained and 10 untrained men participated in two experimental protocols. Prior to each protocol, we administered 2% tetraethylammonium (TEA, K+ channels blocker) and saline (Control) at forearm skin sites on both arms via transdermal iontophoresis. In protocol 1, a low (0.001%) and high (1%) doses of pilocarpine was administered at the TEA-treated and Control sites over a 60-min period. In protocol 2, participants were passively heated by immersing their lower limbs in hot water (43°C) until core (rectal) temperature (Tco ) increased by 0.8°C above resting levels. Administration of TEA attenuated cholinergic sweating (P = 0.001) during the initial 20-min after the treatment of low dose of pilocarpine only whilst the response was similar between the groups (P = 0.163). Cholinergic and thermal sweating were higher in trained relative to the untrained men (all P≤0.033). Thermal sweating reached ∼90% of the response at a Tco elevation of 0.8°C during initial 20-min of passive heating, which corresponds to the period wherein TEA attenuated cholinergic sweating in protocol 1. However, sweating did not differ between the Control and TEA sites in either group (P = 0.704). We showed that activation of K+ channels does not appear to mediate the elevated sweating response induced by a low dose of pilocarpine in trained men. We also demonstrated that K+ channels do not contribute to sweating during heat stress in either group. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.2022年03月, Experimental physiology, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- We investigated the influence of exercise intensities and regional differences in the sudomotor recruitment pattern in boys. Six prepubertal boys (age 11 ± 1 yr) cycled at light, moderate, and high exercise intensity (35%, 50%, and 65% VO2max) for 30 min in a temperate condition (28 °C, 40% relative humidity). Local sweat rate (ventilated capsule) and number of activated sweat glands (starch-iodine technique) at five body sites were assessed and sweat gland output was calculated. Responses in boys were compared with those in nine young men (23 ± 1 yr) tested under identical conditions. The forehead, chest, back, and forearm, but not thigh, sweat rate increased from light to moderate and at high intensities in boys (all p ≤ 0.005) but not from moderate to high (all p ≥ 0.071). The sweat rate on the forehead was relatively higher (p ≤ 0.045) and thigh was lower (p ≤ 0.050) than other sites in boys at moderate and high intensities. Exercise intensity-dependent sweating was associated with activating more sweat glands but not increasing glandular output in boys. The sweat rate in boys was attenuated versus men heterogeneously across body sites concurrent to low glandular outputs (all p ≤ 0.027). We conclude that exercise intensity modulates the sweat rate in boys by changing the number of activated sweat glands heterogeneously among skin sites. Age-related differences in the sudomotor pattern are evident at higher exercise intensities. Development of glandular output per gland occurring from boys to young men may play a key role in modulating sweat rate with respect to exercise intensity and regional differences.2022年01月, Physiology & behavior, 243, 113642 - 113642, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- OBJECTIVES: Although neighborhood is considered to be a crucial source of social network to promote health among older adults, current findings are mostly derived from observational study designs. This study examined whether participations in event-based community programs could increase neighborhood social network and whether such increase could lead to desirable changes in mental and physical health among older adults. METHOD: This study employed quasi-experimental design. A baseline questionnaire survey was sent to residents of Tsurukabuto community aged 60 years or more (n = 1769); 1,068 responded. Community events were implemented approximately once a month for three years. Then, a three-year follow-up survey questionnaire was sent to the respondents of the baseline survey. The total number of respondents in the latter survey was 662; of the total, 173 participated in the intervention. Strong and weak ties with neighbors, mental well-being (Ikigai-9), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) were measured in the surveys. RESULTS: The path analysis revealed that intervention participation was significantly associated with changes in strong ties (standardized path coefficient = 0.12) and changes in strong ties were associated with those in Ikigai-9 scores (standardized path coefficient = 0.15). The total and indirect effects of intervention participation on Ikigai-9 scores were significant. Significant intervention effects were not observed for HRQOL and IADL scores. CONCLUSION: This study found that participation in our event-based intervention could indirectly and positively influence older adults' mental well-being through their strong ties with their neighbors.2021年12月, Aging & mental health, 25(12) (12), 2235 - 2245, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: We examined whether eccrine sweat glands ion reabsorption rate declined with age in 35 adults aged 50-84 years. Aerobic fitness (VO2max) and salivary aldosterone were measured to see if they modulated ion reabsorption rates. METHODS: During a passive heating protocol (lower leg 42 °C water submersion) the maximum ion reabsorption rates from the chest, forearm and thigh were measured, alongside other thermophysiological responses. The maximum ion reabsorption rate was defined as the inflection point in the slope of the relation between galvanic skin conductance and sweat rate. RESULTS: The maximum ion reabsorption rate at the forearm, chest and thigh (0.29 ± 0.16, 0.33 ± 0.15, 0.18 ± 0.16 mg/cm2/min, respectively) were weakly correlated with age (r ≤ - 0.232, P ≥ 0.05) and salivary aldosterone concentrations (r ≤ - 0.180, P ≥ 0.179). A moderate positive correlation was observed between maximum ion reabsorption rate at the thigh and VO2max (r = 0.384, P = 0.015). Salivary aldosterone concentration moderately declined with age (r = - 0.342, P = 0.021). Whole body sweat rate and pilocarpine-induced sudomotor responses to iontophoresis increased with VO2max (r ≥ 0.323, P ≤ 0.027) but only moderate (r = - 0.326, P = 0.032) or no relations (r ≤ - 0.113, P ≥ 0.256) were observed with age. CONCLUSION: The eccrine sweat glands' maximum ion reabsorption rate is not affected by age, spanning 50-84 years. Aldosterone concentration in an aged cohort does not appear to modulate the ion reabsorption rate. We provide further support for maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness to attenuate any decline in sudomotor function.2021年11月, European journal of applied physiology, 121(11) (11), 3145 - 3159, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- This study tested the hypothesis that the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and breakpoint in deoxygenated [heme] [deoxy[heme]BP, assessed via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)] during ramp incremental exercise would occur at the same metabolic rate in the upright (U) and supine (S) body positions. Eleven healthy men completed ramp incremental exercise tests in U and S. Gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath and time-resolved-NIRS was used to measure deoxy[heme] in the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF). RCP (S: 2.56 ± 0.39, U: 2.86 ± 0.40 L·min-1, P = 0.02) differed from deoxy[heme]BP in the VL in U (3.10 ± 0.44 L·min-1, P = 0.002), but was not different in S in the VL (2.70 ± 0.50 L·min-1, P = 0.15). RCP was not different from the deoxy[heme]BP in the RF for either position (S: 2.34 ± 0.48 L·min-1, U: 2.76 ± 0.53 L·min-1, P > 0.05). However, the deoxy[heme]BP differed between muscles in both positions (P < 0.05), and changes in deoxy[heme]BP did not relate to ΔRCP between positions (VL: r = 0.55, P = 0.080, RF: r = 0.26, P = 0.44). The deoxy[heme]BP was consistently preceded by a breakpoint in total[heme], and was, in turn, itself preceded by a breakpoint in muscle surface electromyography (EMG). RCP and the deoxy[heme]BP can be dissociated across muscles and different body positions and, therefore, do not represent the same underlying physiological phenomenon. The deoxy[heme]BP may, however, be mechanistically related to breakpoints in total[heme] and muscle activity.2021年11月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 321(5) (5), R712-R722, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Na+-K+-ATPase is integrally involved in mediating cutaneous vasodilation during an exercise-heat stress, which includes an interactive role with nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Here, we assessed if Na+-K+-ATPase also contributes to cutaneous thermal hyperemia induced by local skin heating, which is commonly used to assess cutaneous endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Furthermore, we assessed the extent to which NOS contributes to this response. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was measured continuously at four forearm skin sites in 11 young adults (4 women). After baseline measurement, local skin temperature was increased from 33°C to 39°C to induce cutaneous thermal hyperemia. Once a plateau in CVC was achieved, each skin site was continuously perfused via intradermal microdialysis with either: 1) lactated Ringer solution (control), 2) 6 mM ouabain, a Na+-K+-ATPase inhibitor, 3) 20 mM l-NAME, a NOS inhibitor, or 4) a combination of both. Relative to the control site, CVC during the plateau phase of cutaneous thermal hyperemia (∼50% max) was reduced by the lone inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase (-19 ± 8% max, P = 0.038) and NOS (-32 ± 4% max, P < 0.001), as well as the combined inhibition of both (-37 ± 9% max, P < 0.001). The magnitude of reduction was similar between NOS inhibition alone and combined inhibition (P = 1.000). The administration of both Na+-K+-ATPase and NOS inhibitors fully abolished the plateau of CVC with values returning to preheating baseline values (P = 0.439). We show that Na+-K+-ATPase contributes to cutaneous thermal hyperemia during local skin heating to 39°C, and this response is partially mediated by NOS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cutaneous thermal hyperemia during local skin heating to 39°C, which is highly dependent on nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is frequently used to assess endothelium-dependent cutaneous vasodilation. We showed that Na+-K+-ATPase mediates the regulation of cutaneous thermal hyperemia partly via NOS-dependent mechanisms although a component of the Na+-K+-ATPase modulation of cutaneous thermal hyperemia is NOS independent. Thus, as with NOS, Na+-K+-ATPase may be important in the regulation of cutaneous endothelial vascular function.2021年11月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 131(5) (5), 1408 - 1416, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Measurement error(s) of exercise tests for women are severely lacking in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to 1) determine whether ovulatory status or ambient environment were moderating variables when completing a 30-min self-paced work trial and 2) provide test-retest norms specific to athletic women. A retrospective analysis of three heat stress studies was completed using 33 female participants (31 ± 9 yr, 54 ± 10 mL·min-1·kg-1) that yielded 130 separate trials. Participants were classified as ovulatory (n = 19), anovulatory (n = 4), and oral contraceptive pill users (n = 10). Participants completed trials ∼2 wk apart in their (quasi-) early follicular and midluteal phases in two of moderate (1.3 ± 0.1 kPa, 20.5 ± 0.5°C, 18 trials), warm-dry (2.2 ± 0.2 kPa, 34.1 ± 0.2°C, 46 trials), or warm-humid (3.4 ± 0.1 kPa, 30.2 ± 1.1°C, 66 trials) environments. We quantified reliability using limits of agreement, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and coefficient of variation (CV). Test-retest reliability was high, clinically valid (ICC = 0.90, P < 0.01), and acceptable with a mean CV of 4.7%, SEM of 3.8 kJ (2.1 W), and reliable bias of -2.1 kJ (-1.2 W). The various ovulatory status and contrasting ambient conditions had no appreciable effect on reliability. These results indicate that athletic women can perform 30-min self-paced work trials ∼2 wk apart with an acceptable and low variability irrespective of their hormonal status or heat-stressful environments.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study highlights that aerobically trained women perform 30-min self-paced work trials ∼2 wk apart with acceptably low variability and their hormonal/ovulatory status and the introduction of greater ambient heat and humidity do not moderate this measurement error.2021年11月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 131(5) (5), 1496 - 1504, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Thermal sensation, a key component of behavioral thermoregulation, is modulated by the changes in both skin and core temperatures. Although cutaneous thermal sensation to local cold is blunted during exercise as compared to rest in normothermic humans, it remains to be determined whether this holds true during core cooling. Furthermore, when local skin thermal sensation is diminished during exercise, it remains unclear whether whole-body thermal sensation is also attenuated. We therefore tested whether low-intensity exercise (VO2: ~1300 ml min-1) attenuates local skin and/or whole-body thermal sensation in hypothermic young males. Eleven healthy young males (24 ± 2 years) were cooled through cold water immersion (18 °C) up to their lower abdomen while resting (rest trial) and during low-intensity cycling (30-60 W, 30 rpm) (exercise trial). Body temperature, cardiorespiratory variables, and whole-body (9-point scale: 0, unbearably cold; 4, neutral; 8, unbearably hot) and local skin thermal sensation were measured at baseline on land and before the esophageal temperature (Tes) began to decrease (defined as -0.0 Tes) and after 0.5 and 1.0 °C decrements in Tes from baseline during the immersion period. Local skin thermal sensation was measured using a thermostimulator with Peltier element that was attached to the chest. The temperature of the probe was initially equilibrated to the chest skin temperature, then gradually decreased at a constant rate (0.1 °C s -1) until the participants felt coolness. The difference between the initial skin temperature and the local skin temperature that felt cool was assessed as an index of local skin thermal sensation. Throughout the immersions, esophageal and mean skin temperatures did not differ between the rest and exercise trials. Local skin thermal sensation also did not differ between the two trials or at any core temperature level. By contrast, the whole-body thermal sensation score was higher (participants felt less cold) in the exercise than in the rest trial at esophageal temperature of -1.0 °C (1.25 ± 0.46 vs. 0.63 ± 0.35 units, P = 0.035). These results suggest that local skin thermal sensation during low-intensity exercise is not affected by a decrease in core temperature. However, whole-body thermal sensation mediated by a decrease in core temperature (-1.0 °C) is blunted by low-intensity exercise during cold water immersion.2021年10月, Physiology & behavior, 240, 113531 - 113531, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Seasonal acclimatization from winter to summer is known to enhance thermoeffector responses in hot-dry environments during exercise whereas its impact on sweat evaporation and core temperature (Tcore) responses in hot-humid environments remains unknown. We, therefore, sought to determine whether seasonal acclimatization is able to modulate whole body sweat rate (WBSR), evaporated sweat rate, sweating efficiency, and thermoregulatory function during cycling exercise in a hot-humid environment (32°C, 75% RH). We also determined whether the increase in air velocity could enhance evaporated sweat rate and sweating efficiency before and after seasonal acclimatization. Twelve males cycled for 1 h at 40% V̇o2max in winter (preacclimatization) and repeated the trial again in summer (after acclimatization). For the last 20 min of cycling at a steady-state of Tcore, air velocity increased from 0.2 (0.04) m/s to 1.1 (0.02) m/s by using an electric fan located in front of the participant. Seasonal acclimatization enhanced WBSR, unevaporated sweat rate, local sweat rate and mean skin temperature compared with preacclimatization state (all P < 0.05) whereas sweating efficiency was lower (P < 0.01) until 55 min of exercise. Tcore and evaporated sweat rate were unaltered by acclimatization status (all P > 0.70). In conclusion, seasonal acclimatization enhances thermoeffector responses but does not attenuate Tcore during exercise in a hot-humid environment. Furthermore, increasing air velocity enhances evaporated sweat rate and sweating efficiency irrespective of acclimated state. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Seasonal acclimatization to humid heat enhances eccrine sweat gland function and thus results in a higher local and whole body sweat rate but does not attenuate Tcore during exercise in a hot-humid environment. Sweating efficiency is lower after seasonal acclimatization to humid heat compared with preacclimatization with and without the increase of air velocity. However, having a lower sweating efficiency does not mitigate the Tcore response during exercise in a hot-humid environment.2021年08月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 131(2) (2), 520 - 531, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- The current study investigated whether ambient heat augments the inflammatory and postexercise hepcidin response in women and if menstrual phase and/or self-pacing modulate these physiological effects. Eight trained females (age: 37 ± 7 yr; V̇o2max: 46 ± 7 mL·kg-1·min-1; peak power output: 4.5 ± 0.8 W·kg-1) underwent 20 min of fixed-intensity cycling (100 W and 125 W) followed by a 30-min work trial (∼75% V̇o2max) in a moderate (MOD: 20 ± 1°C, 53 ± 8% relative humidity) and warm-humid (WARM: 32 ± 0°C, 75 ± 3% relative humidity) environment in both their early follicular (days 5 ± 2) and midluteal (days 21 ± 3) phases. Mean power output was 5 ± 4 W higher in MOD than in WARM (P = 0.02) such that the difference in core temperature rise was limited between environments (-0.29 ± 0.18°C in MOD, P < 0.01). IL-6 and hepcidin both increased postexercise (198% and 38%, respectively); however, neither was affected by ambient temperature or menstrual phase (all P > 0.15). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the IL-6 response to exercise was explained by leukocyte and platelet count (r2 = 0.72, P < 0.01), and the hepcidin response to exercise was explained by serum iron and ferritin (r2 = 0.62, P < 0.01). During exercise, participants almost matched their fluid loss (0.48 ± 0.18 kg·h-1) with water intake (0.35 ± 0.15 L·h-1) such that changes in body mass (-0.3 ± 0.3%) and serum osmolality (0.5 ± 2.0 osmol·kgH2O-1) were minimal or negligible, indicating a behavioral fluid-regulatory response. These results indicate that trained, iron-sufficient women suffer no detriment to their iron regulation in response to exercise with acute ambient heat stress or between menstrual phases on account of a performance-physiological trade-off.2021年06月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 320(6) (6), R780-R790, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that incremental ramp cycling exercise performed in the supine position (S) would be associated with an increased reliance on muscle deoxygenation (deoxy[heme]) in the deep and superficial vastus lateralis (VLd and VLs, respectively) and the superficial rectus femoris (RFs) when compared to the upright position (U). METHODS: 11 healthy men completed ramp incremental exercise tests in S and U. Pulmonary [Formula: see text]O2 was measured breath-by-breath; deoxy[heme] was determined via time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy in the VLd, VLs and RFs. RESULTS: Supine exercise increased the overall change in deoxy[heme] from baseline to maximal exercise in the VLs (S: 38 ± 23 vs. U: 26 ± 15 μM, P < 0.001) and RFs (S: 36 ± 21 vs. U: 25 ± 15 μM, P < 0.001), but not in the VLd (S: 32 ± 23 vs. U: 29 ± 26 μM, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports that the impaired balance between O2 delivery and O2 utilization observed during supine exercise is a regional phenomenon within superficial muscles. Thus, deep muscle defended its O2 delivery/utilization balance against the supine-induced reductions in perfusion pressure. The differential responses of these muscle regions may be explained by a regional heterogeneity of vascular and metabolic control properties, perhaps related to fiber type composition.2021年05月, European journal of applied physiology, 121(5) (5), 1283 - 1296, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels exist on vascular endothelial cells and eccrine sweat gland secretory cells in human skin. Here, we assessed whether TRPV4 channels contribute to cutaneous vasodilation and sweating during whole body passive heat stress (protocol 1) and to cutaneous vasodilation during postocclusive reactive hyperemia and local thermal hyperemia (protocol 2). Intradermal microdialysis was employed to locally deliver pharmacological agents to forearm skin sites, where cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate were assessed. In protocol 1 (12 young adults), CVC and sweat rate were increased by passive whole body heating, resulting in a body core temperature elevation of 1.2 ± 0.1°C. The elevated CVC and sweat rate assessed at sites treated with TRPV4 channel antagonist (either 200 µM HC-067047 or 125 µM GSK2193874) were not different from the vehicle control site (5% dimethyl sulfoxide). After whole body heating, the TRPV4 channel agonist (100 µM GSK1016790A) was administered to each skin site, eliciting elevations in CVC. Relative to control, this response was partly attenuated by both TRPV4 channel antagonists, confirming drug efficacy. In protocol 2 (10 young adults), CVC was increased following a 5-min arterial occlusion and during local heating from 33 to 42°C. These responses did not differ between the control and the TRPV4 channel antagonist sites (200 µM HC-067047). We show that TRPV4 channels are not required for regulating cutaneous vasodilation or sweating during a whole body passive heat stress. Furthermore, they are not required for regulating cutaneous vasodilation during postocclusive reactive hyperemia and local thermal hyperemia.2021年04月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 320(4) (4), R563-R573, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question to this study? Do the sweat glands' maximum ion reabsorption rates increase following heat acclimation in healthy older individuals and is this associated with elevated aldosterone concentrations? What is the main finding and its importance? Sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates improved heterogeneously across body sites, which occurred without any changes in aldosterone concentration following a controlled hyperthermic heat acclimation protocol in healthy older individuals. ABSTRACT: We examined whether the eccrine sweat glands' ion reabsorption rates improved following heat acclimation (HA) in older individuals. Ten healthy older adults (>65 years) completed a controlled hyperthermic (+0.9°C rectal temperature, Tre ) HA protocol for nine non-consecutive days. Participants completed a passive heat stress test (lower leg 42°C water submersion) pre-HA and post-HA to assess physiological regulation of sweat gland ion reabsorption at the chest, forearm and thigh. The maximum ion reabsorption rate was defined as the inflection point in the slope of the relation between galvanic skin conductance and sweat rate (SR). We explored the responses again after a 7-day decay. During passive heating, the Tb thresholds for sweat onset on the chest and forearm were lowered after HA (P < 0.05). However, sweat sensitivity (i.e. the slope), the SR at a given Tre and gross sweat loss did not improve after HA (P > 0.05). Any changes observed were lost during the decay. Pilocarpine-induced sudomotor responses to iontophoresis did not change after HA (P ≥ 0.801). Maximum ion reabsorption rate was only enhanced at the chest (P = 0.001) despite unaltered aldosterone concentration after HA. The data suggest that this adaptation is lost after 7 days' decay. The HA protocol employed in the present study induced partial adaptive sudomotor responses. Eccrine sweat gland ion reabsorption rates improved heterogeneously across the skin sites. It is likely that aldosterone secretion did not alter the chest sweat ion reabsorption rates observed in the older adults.2021年01月, Experimental physiology, 106(1) (1), 302 - 315, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- While human eccrine sweat glands respond to adrenergic agonists, there remains a paucity of information on the factors modulating this response. Thus, we assessed the relative contribution of α- and β-adrenergic sweating during a heat exposure and as a function of individual factors of sex and training status. α- and β-adrenergic sweating was assessed in forty-eight healthy young men (n = 35) and women (n = 13) including endurance-trained (n = 12) and untrained men (n = 12) under non-heat exposure (temperate, 25°C; n = 17) and heat exposure (hot, 35°C; n = 48) conditions using transdermal iontophoresis of phenylephrine (α-adrenergic agonist) and salbutamol (β-adrenergic agonist) on the ventral forearm, respectively. Adrenergic sweating was also measured after iontophoretic administration of atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist) or saline (control) to evaluate how changes in muscarinic receptor activity modulate the adrenergic response to a heat exposure (n = 12). α- and β-adrenergic sweating was augmented in hot compared with temperate conditions (both P ≤ .014), albeit the relative increase was greater in β (~5.4-fold)- as compared to α (~1.5-fold)-adrenergic-mediated sweating response. However, both α- and β-adrenergic sweating was abolished by atropinization (P = .001). Endurance-trained men showed an augmentation in α- (P = .043) but not β (P = .960)-adrenergic sweating as compared to untrained men. Finally, a greater α- and β-adrenergic sweating response (both P ≤ .001) was measured in habitually active men than in women. We show that heat exposure augments α-and β-adrenergic sweating differently via mechanisms associated with altered muscarinic receptor activity. Sex and training status modulate this response.2020年12月, Experimental dermatology, 29(12) (12), 1216 - 1224, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Sweat sensors that can continuously sample sweat are critical for determining the time-dependent physiological responses occurring in normal daily life. Here, a new device, termed fluidic patch, for collecting human sweat samples at defined time intervals is developed, and the proof-of-concept is demonstrated. The device comprises micropumps and a disposable microfluidic patch attached to the human skin. The fluidic patch continuously collects aliquots of freshly secreted sweat accumulated in the fluidic pathway at accurately defined time windows (typically 5 min). By measuring the weight of the collected samples, the local sweat rate is calculated. The sweat sample collected can be directly subjected to a wide range of chemical analyses. For the proof-of-concept, we compared the sweat rates during passive heating in human trials using the fluidic patch and the conventional ventilated sweat capsule system. Although the sweat rate obtained using the fluidic patch highly correlated with that of the ventilated sweat capsule (R2 = 0.96, y = 1.4x - 0.05), the fluidic patch overestimated the sweat rate compared with the ventilated capsule system when the sweat rate exceeded 0.5 mg/(cm2·min). The sampled sweat was analyzed for sodium, potassium, chloride, lactate, pyruvate, and cortisol. The device could obtain the time courses of the concentrations of the abovementioned three ions; the concentrations of sodium and chloride increased linearly with the sweat rate during passive heating (R2 = 0.76 and 0.66, respectively). The device can reliably measure the sweat rate and collect sweat samples for chemical analysis. It can be utilized for real-time physiological investigations toward wider applications.2020年12月, Analytical chemistry, 92(23) (23), 15534 - 15541, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- We evaluated the hypothesis that the activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels contributes to exercise training-induced augmentation in cholinergic sweating. On separate days, 10 habitually trained and 10 untrained men participated in two experimental protocols. Prior to each protocol, we administered 1% verapamil (Verapamil, L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blocker) and saline (Control) at forearm skin sites on both arms via transdermal iontophoresis. In protocol 1, we administered low (0.001%) and high (1%) doses of pilocarpine at both the verapamil-treated and verapamil-untreated forearm sites. In protocol 2, participants were passively heated by immersing their limbs in hot water (43°C) until rectal temperature increased by 1.0°C above baseline resting levels. Sweat rate at all forearm sites was continuously measured throughout both protocols. Pilocarpine-induced sweating in Control was higher in trained than in untrained men for both the concentrations of pilocarpine (both P ≤ 0.001). Pilocarpine-induced sweating at the low-dose site was attenuated at the Verapamil versus the Control site in both the groups (both P ≤ 0.004), albeit the reduction was greater in trained as compared with in untrained men (P = 0.005). The verapamil-mediated reduction in sweating remained intact at the high-dose pilocarpine site in the untrained men (P = 0.004) but not the trained men (P = 0.180). Sweating did not differ between Control and Verapamil sites with increases in rectal temperature in both groups (interaction, P = 0.571). We show that activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels modulates sweat production in habitually trained men induced by a low dose of pilocarpine. However, no effect on sweating was observed during passive heating in either group.2020年11月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 319(5) (5), R584-R591, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- OBJECTIVES: Although neighborhood is considered to be a crucial source of social network to promote health among older adults, current findings are mostly derived from observational study designs. This study examined whether participations in event-based community programs could increase neighborhood social network and whether such increase could lead to desirable changes in mental and physical health among older adults. METHOD: This study employed quasi-experimental design. A baseline questionnaire survey was sent to residents of Tsurukabuto community aged 60 years or more (n = 1769); 1,068 responded. Community events were implemented approximately once a month for three years. Then, a three-year follow-up survey questionnaire was sent to the respondents of the baseline survey. The total number of respondents in the latter survey was 662; of the total, 173 participated in the intervention. Strong and weak ties with neighbors, mental well-being (Ikigai-9), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) were measured in the surveys. RESULTS: The path analysis revealed that intervention participation was significantly associated with changes in strong ties (standardized path coefficient = 0.12) and changes in strong ties were associated with those in Ikigai-9 scores (standardized path coefficient = 0.15). The total and indirect effects of intervention participation on Ikigai-9 scores were significant. Significant intervention effects were not observed for HRQOL and IADL scores. CONCLUSION: This study found that participation in our event-based intervention could indirectly and positively influence older adults' mental well-being through their strong ties with their neighbors.2020年10月, Aging & mental health, 25(12) (12), 1 - 11, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- We hypothesized that the performance of prior heavy exercise would speed pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics (i.e., as described by the time constant, [Formula: see text]) and reduce the amplitude of muscle deoxygenation (deoxy[heme]) kinetics in the supine (S) but not upright (U) body position. Seventeen healthy men completed heavy-intensity constant-work rate exercise tests in S and U consisting of two bouts of 6-min cycling separated by 6-min cycling at 20 W. Pulmonary V̇o2 was measured breath by breath; total and deoxy[heme] were determined via time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) at three muscle sites. Priming exercise reduced [Formula: see text] in S (bout 1: 36 ± 10 vs. bout 2: 28 ± 10 s, P < 0.05) but not U (bout 1: 27 ± 8 s vs. bout 2: 25 ± 7 s, P > 0.05). Deoxy[heme] amplitude was increased after priming in S (bout 1: 25-28 μM vs. bout 2: 30-35 μM, P < 0.05) and U (bout 1: 13-18 μM vs. bout 2: 17-25 μM, P > 0.05), whereas baseline total[heme] was enhanced in S (bout 1: 110-179 μM vs. bout 2: 121-193 μM, P < 0.05) and U (bout 1: 123-186 μM vs. bout 2: 137-197 μM, P < 0.05). Priming exercise increased total[heme] in both S and U, likely indicating enhanced diffusive O2 delivery. However, the observation that after priming the amplitude of the deoxy[heme] response was increased in S suggests that the reduction in [Formula: see text] subsequent to priming was related to a combination of both enhanced intracellular O2 utilization and increased O2 delivery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we show that oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics are slower in the supine compared with upright body position, an effect that is associated with an increased amplitude of skeletal muscle deoxygenation in the supine position. After priming in the supine position, the amplitude of muscle deoxygenation remained markedly elevated above that observed during upright exercise. Hence, the priming effect cannot be solely attributed to enhanced O2 delivery, and enhancements to intracellular O2 utilization must also be contributory.2020年10月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 129(4) (4), 810 - 822, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Does the administration of the adrenergic presynaptic release inhibitor bretylium tosylate modulate sweating during exercise in the heat, and does this response differ between habitually trained and untrained men? What is the main finding and its importance? Iontophoretic administration of bretylium tosylate attenuates sweating during exercise in the heat in habitually trained and untrained men. However, a greater reduction occurred in trained men. The findings demonstrate a role for cutaneous adrenergic nerves in the regulation of eccrine sweating during exercise in the heat and highlight a need to advance our understanding of neural control of human eccrine sweat gland activity. ABSTRACT: We recently reported an influence of cutaneous adrenergic nerves on eccrine sweat production in habitually trained men performing an incremental exercise bout in non-heat stress conditions. Based on an assumption that increasing heat stress induces cholinergic modulation of sweating, we evaluated the hypothesis that the contribution of cutaneous adrenergic nerves on sweating would be attenuated during exercise in the heat. Twenty young habitually trained and untrained men (n = 10/group) underwent three successive bouts of 15 min of light-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity cycling (equivalent to 30, 50, and 70% of peak oxygen uptake ( V ̇ O 2 peak ) respectively), each separated by a 15 min recovery while wearing a perfusion suit perfused with warm water (43°C). Sweat rate (ventilated capsule) was measured continuously at two bilateral forearm skin sites treated with 10 mm bretylium tosylate (an inhibitor of neurotransmitter release from adrenergic nerve terminals) and saline (control) via transdermal iontophoresis. A greater sweat rate was measured during vigorous exercise only in trained as compared to untrained men (P = 0.014). In both groups, sweating was reduced at the bretylium tosylate versus control sites, albeit the magnitude of reduction was greater in the trained men (P ≤ 0.024). These results suggest that cutaneous adrenergic nerves modulate sweating during exercise performed under a whole-body heat stress, albeit a more robust response occurs in trained men. While it is accepted that a cholinergic mechanism plays a primary role in the regulation of sweating during an exercise-heat stress, our findings highlight the need for additional studies aimed at understanding the neural control of human eccrine sweating.2020年10月, Experimental physiology, 105(10) (10), 1692 - 1699, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics are slowed in the supine (S) position purportedly due to impaired muscle O2 delivery ([Formula: see text]); however, these conclusions are predicated on single-site measurements in superficial muscle using continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This study aimed to determine the impact of body position [i.e., upright (U) versus S] on deep and superficial muscle deoxygenation (deoxy[heme]) using time-resolved (TR-) NIRS, and how these relate to slowed pulmonary V̇o2 kinetics. Seventeen healthy men completed constant power tests during 1) S heavy-intensity exercise and 2) U exercise at the same absolute work rate, with a subset of 10 completing additional tests at the same relative work rate as S. Pulmonary V̇o2 was measured breath-by-breath and, deoxy- and total[heme] were resolved via TR-NIRS in the superficial and deep vastus lateralis and superficial rectus femoris. The fundamental phase V̇o2 time constant was increased during S compared with U (S: 36 ± 10 vs. U: 27 ± 8 s; P < 0.001). The deoxy[heme] amplitude (S: 25-28 vs. U: 13-18 µM; P < 0.05) and total[heme] amplitude (S: 17-20 vs. U: 9-16 µM; P < 0.05) were greater in S compared with U and were consistent for the same absolute (above data) and relative work rates (n = 10, all P < 0.05). The greater deoxy- and total[heme] amplitudes in S vs. U supports that reduced perfusive [Formula: see text] in S, even within deep muscle, necessitated a greater reliance on fractional O2 extraction and diffusive [Formula: see text]. The slower V̇o2 kinetics in S versus U demonstrates that, ultimately, these adjustments were insufficient to prevent impairments in whole body oxidative metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that supine exercise causes a greater degree of muscle deoxygenation in both deep and superficial muscle and increases the spatial heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation. Therefore, this study suggests that any O2 delivery gradient toward deep versus superficial muscle is insufficient to mitigate impairments in oxidative function in response to reduced whole muscle O2 delivery. More heterogeneous muscle deoxygenation is associated with slower V̇o2 kinetics.2020年09月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 129(3) (3), 535 - 546, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: Human eccrine sweat glands respond to α1-adrenergic receptor agonists. We recently reported that adrenergic mechanisms contribute to sweating in endurance-trained men during an incremental exercise to volitional fatigue. However, it remains unclear if this response is mediated by α1-adrenergic receptor activation. METHODS: Twelve endurance-trained men performed an incremental cycling bout until exhaustion while wearing a water-perfused suit to clamp skin temperature at ~ 34 °C. Bilateral forearm sweat rates were measured wherein the distal area was treated with either 1% terazosin (α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist) or saline solution on the opposite limb (Control) via transdermal iontophoresis. We also measured proximal bilateral forearm sweat rate in untreated sites to confirm that no between-limb differences in forearm sweat rate occurred. Once sweat rate returned to pre-exercise resting levels at ~ 20 min postexercise, 0.25% phenylephrine (α1-adrenergic receptor agonist) was iontophoretically administered to skin to verify α1-adrenergic receptor blockade. RESULTS: Sweat rates at the proximal untreated right and left forearm sites were similar during exercise (interaction, P = 0.581). Similarly, no effect of terazosin on sweat rate was measured relative to control site (interaction, P = 0.848). Postexercise administration of phenylephrine increased sweat rate at the control site (0.08 ± 0.09 mg cm-2 min-1), which was suppressed by ~ 90% at the terazosin-treated site (0.01 ± 0.02 mg cm-2 min-1) (P = 0.026), confirming that α1-adrenergic receptor blockade was intact. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that α1-adrenergic receptors located at eccrine sweat glands do not contribute to eccrine sweating during incremental exercise in young endurance-trained men.2020年05月, European journal of applied physiology, 120(5) (5), 1123 - 1129, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- This study examined whether satisfaction with social interactions and the number of people interacted with during walking groups is associated with affective responses among older adults. Twenty-six older adults were asked to participate in five walking group sessions. The participants walked together for 40-50 min. In every session, the participants reported their affective responses to walking (positive engagement, tranquility, and negative affect), their level of satisfaction with the social interactions experienced, and the number of people interacted with during the walk. The available data were from 107 person-sessions. Multilevel models revealed that, although a higher number of people interacted with was not significantly associated with improvements in any affective responses, higher satisfaction with the interactions was significantly associated with improvements in positive engagement at both the within- and between-person levels. This study found that higher satisfaction with the interactions was associated with desirable affective responses among older adults.2020年04月, Journal of aging and physical activity, 28(2) (2), 287 - 293, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: Recent studies have determined that ambient humidity plays a more important role in aerobic performance than dry-bulb temperature does in warm environments; however, no studies have kept humidity constant and independently manipulated temperature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of dry-bulb temperature, when vapor pressure was matched, on the thermoregulatory, perceptual and performance responses to a 30-min cycling work trial. METHODS: Fourteen trained male cyclists (age: 32 ± 12 year; height: 178 ± 6 cm; mass: 76 ± 9 kg; [Formula: see text]: 59 ± 9 mL kg-1 min-1; body surface area: 1.93 ± 0.12 m2; peak power output: 393 ± 53 W) volunteered, and underwent 1 exercise bout in moderate heat (MOD: 34.9 ± 0.2 °C, 50.1 ± 1.1% relative humidity) and 1 in mild heat (MILD: 29.2 ± 0.2 °C, 69.4 ± 0.9% relative humidity) matched for vapor pressure (2.8 ± 0.1 kPa), with trials counterbalanced. RESULTS: Despite a higher weighted mean skin temperature during MOD (36.3 ± 0.5 vs. 34.5 ± 0.6 °C, p < 0.01), none of rectal temperature (38.0 ± 0.3 vs. 37.9 ± 0.4 °C, p = 0.30), local sweat rate (1.0 ± 0.3 vs. 0.9 ± 0.4 mg cm-2 min-1, p = 0.28), cutaneous blood flow (283 ± 116 vs. 287 ± 105 PU, p = 0.90), mean power output (206 ± 37 vs. 205 ± 41 W, p = 0.87) or total work completed (371 ± 64 vs. 369 ± 70 kJ, p = 0.77) showed any difference between environments during the work trial. However, all perceptual measures (perceived exertion, thermal discomfort, thermal sensation, skin wettedness, pleasantness, all p < 0.05) were affected detrimentally during MOD compared to MILD. CONCLUSION: In a warm and compensable environment, dry-bulb temperature did not influence high-intensity cycling performance when vapor pressure was maintained, whilst the perceptual responses were affected.2020年04月, European journal of applied physiology, 120(4) (4), 841 - 852, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- We examined whether partial clothing removal is an effective thermoregulatory behaviour to attenuate both thermoregulatory and perceptual strain in a moderate environment (23 °C, 65% RH) during and after exercise. Ten healthy males (age: 21.9 (0.9) years; height: 173.9 (6.2) cm; mass: 62.3 (8.2) kg; body surface area: 1.8 (0.1) m2; VO2max: 51.8 (13.3) mL.kg-1.min-1) wore a long sleeve polyester shirt and performed two randomized cycling trials for 40 min at 40% VO2max followed by 20 min recovery. In one trial, they were permitted to roll up their sleeves at any time they wanted (Roll) whereas in the other trial, they were instructed to remain with long sleeves (No Roll) until the end of the recovery. Thermoregulatory variables were measured continuously whilst thermal perceptions (forearm wettedness perception (WPForearm), forearm and whole-body thermal discomfort (TDForearm, TDWhole), local and whole-body thermal sensation (TSForearm, TSWhole) and whole-body wettedness perception (WPwhole)) were measured every 10 min. All subjects behaved by rolling up their sleeves at 21.6 (4.7) minutes. Tskin (32.3 (0.2) °C, vs 32.0 (0.1) °C, p = 0.03), local sweat rate on the forearm (0.24 (0.08) mg.cm-2.min-1 vs 0.2 (0.04) mg.cm-2.min-1, p = 0.05), WPForearm, TDForearm, TSForearm and WPWhole were all lower in Roll than No Roll (all p < 0.05) whilst Tcore and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) on the forearm were not different (all p > 0.7) throughout the entire trial. We conclude that this behavioural response is an effective thermoregulatory behaviour to modulate local sudomotor function and thermal perceptions, WPWhole during exercise but only Tsk, TDForearm WPForearm and WPWhole persisted throughout the recovery in a moderate environment.2020年03月, Physiology & behavior, 215, 112768 - 112768, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Does the presence and extent of heterogeneity in the ratio of O2 delivery to uptake across human muscles relate specifically to different muscle activation patterns? What is the main finding and its importance? During ramp incremental knee-extension and cycling exercise, the profiles of muscle deoxygenation (deoxy[haemoglobin + myoglobin]) and diffusive O2 potential (total[haemoglobin + myoglobin]) in the vastus lateralis corresponded to different muscle activation strategies. However, this was not the case for the rectus femoris, where muscle activation and deoxygenation profiles were dissociated and might therefore be determined by other structural and/or functional attributes (e.g. arteriolar vascular regulation and control of red blood cell flux). ABSTRACT: Near-infrared spectroscopy has revealed considerable heterogeneity in the ratio of O2 delivery to uptake as identified by disparate deoxygenation {deoxy[haemoglobin + myoglobin] (deoxy[Hb + Mb])} values in the exercising quadriceps. However, whether this represents a recruitment phenomenon or contrasting vascular and metabolic control, as seen among fibre types, has not been established. We used knee-extension (KE) and cycling (CE) incremental exercise protocols to examine whether differential muscle activation profiles could account for the heterogeneity of deoxy[Hb + Mb] and microvascular haemoconcentration (i.e. total[Hb + Mb]). Using time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy for the quadriceps femoris (vastus lateralis and rectus femoris) during exhaustive ramp exercise in eight participants, we tested the following hypotheses: (i) the deoxy[Hb + Mb] (i.e. fractional O2 extraction) would relate to muscle activation levels across exercise protocols; and (ii) KE would induce greater total[Hb + Mb] (i.e. diffusive O2 potential) at task failure (i.e. peak O2 uptake) than CE irrespective of muscle site. At a given level of muscle activation, as assessed by the relative integrated EMG normalized to maximal voluntary contraction (%iEMGmax ), the vastus lateralis deoxy[Hb + Mb] profile was not different between exercise protocols. However, at peak O2 uptake and until 20% iEMGmax for CE, rectus femoris exhibited a lower deoxy[Hb + Mb] (83.2 ± 15.5 versus 98.2 ± 19.4 μm) for KE than for CE (P < 0.05). The total[Hb + Mb] at peak O2 uptake was not different between exercise protocols for either muscle site. These data support the hypothesis that the contrasting patterns of convective and diffusive O2 transport correspond to different muscle activation patterns in vastus lateralis but not rectus femoris. Thus, the differential deoxygenation profiles for rectus femoris across exercise protocols might be dependent upon specific facets of muscle architecture and functional haemodynamic events.2020年03月, Experimental physiology, 105(3) (3), 531 - 541, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- This study examined whether routine work time was associated with exercise time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and step counts (SC) among middle-aged and older adults. A 7-day diary survey was conducted with 158 adults, and 138 participated in the 1-year follow-up survey for measuring routine work time and exercise time. An accelerometer was used to measure MVPA and SC, and a questionnaire assessed perceived barriers and self-efficacy. Daily analyses revealed that while longer routine work time was associated with shorter exercise time after adjusting for perceived exercise barriers and exercise self-efficacy, it was associated with higher amounts of MVPA and SC. Longitudinal analysis showed that increased routine work time was associated with decreased exercise time and increased MVPA and SC. Changes in perceived barriers and self-efficacy did not mediate these associations. Actual lack of time would inhibit exercise behavior independently of perceived barriers and self-efficacy but elevates MVPA and SC.2020年02月, Journal of behavioral medicine, 43(1) (1), 44 - 56, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Local skin heating to 42°C causes cutaneous thermal hyperemia largely via nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-related mechanisms. We assessed the hypothesis that ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels interact with NOS to mediate cutaneous thermal hyperemia. In 13 young adults (6 women, 7 men), cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was measured at four intradermal microdialysis sites that were continuously perfused with 1) lactated Ringer solution (control), 2) 5 mM glibenclamide (KATP channel blocker), 3) 20 mM NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (NOS inhibitor), or 4) a combination of KATP channel blocker and NOS inhibitor. Local skin heating to 42°C was administered at all four treatment sites to elicit cutaneous thermal hyperemia. Thirty minutes after the local heating, 1.25 mM pinacidil (KATP channel opener) and subsequently 25 mM sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) were administered to three of the four sites (each 25-30 min). The local heating-induced prolonged elevation in CVC was attenuated by glibenclamide (19%), but the transient initial peak was not. However, glibenclamide had no effect on the prolonged elevation in CVC in the presence of NOS inhibition. Pinacidil caused an elevation in CVC, but this response was abolished at the glibenclamide-treated skin site, demonstrating its effectiveness as a KATP channel blocker. The pinacidil-induced increase in CVC was unaffected by NOS inhibition, whereas the increase in CVC elicited by sodium nitroprusside was partly (15%) inhibited by glibenclamide. In summary, we showed an interactive effect of KATP channels and NOS for the plateau of cutaneous thermal hyperemia. This interplay may reflect a vascular smooth muscle cell KATP channel activation by NO.2020年02月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 318(2) (2), R390-R398, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2020年02月, JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE, 43(1) (1), 44 - 56, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? What is the role of nicotinic receptors in the regulation of normothermic cutaneous blood flow and cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating during whole-body heating induced following resting in a non-heat-stress condition? What is the main finding and its importance? Nicotinic receptors modulated cutaneous vascular tone during rest in a non-heat-stress condition and in the early stage of heating, but they had a limited role in mediating cutaneous vasodilatation when core temperature increased >0.4°C. Further, the contribution of nicotinic receptors to sweating was negligible during whole-body heating. Our findings provide new insights into the role of nicotinic receptors in end-organ function of skin vasculature and sweat glands in humans. ABSTRACT: Nicotinic receptors are present in human skin including cutaneous vessels and eccrine sweat glands as well as peripheral nerves. We tested the hypothesis that nicotinic receptors do not contribute to the control of cutaneous vascular tone in the normothermic state, but are involved in mediating cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating during a whole-body passive heat stress in humans. We first performed a nicotinic receptor blocker verification protocol in six young adults (one female) wherein increases in cutaneous vascular conductance and sweating elicited by 10 mm nicotine were blocked by administration of 500 µm hexamethonium to confirm effective blockade. Thereafter, 12 young males participated in a passive heating protocol. After an instrumentation period in a non-heat-stress condition, participants rested for a 10 min baseline period. Thereafter, oesophageal temperature was increased by 1.0°C using water-perfusion suits. Cutaneous vascular conductance, sweat rate, active sweat gland density and sweat output per individual gland were assessed with and without 500 µm hexamethonium administered via intradermal microdialysis. Hexamethonium reduced cutaneous vascular conductance by 22-34% during normothermia and the early stage of heating. However, this effect was diminished as oesophageal temperature increased >0.4°C. Active sweat gland density was reduced by hexamethonium when oesophageal temperature was elevated by 0.4-0.6°C above baseline resting. However, this was paralleled by a marginal increase in sweat gland output. Consequently, sweat rate remained unchanged. We showed that nicotinic receptors modulate cutaneous perfusion during normothermia and the early stage of heating, but not when core temperature increases >0.4°C. Additionally, they play a limited role in mediating sweating during heating.2019年12月, Experimental physiology, 104(12) (12), 1808 - 1818, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- This study examined whether satisfaction with social interactions and the number of people interacted with during walking groups is associated with affective responses among older adults. Twenty-six older adults were asked to participate in five walking group sessions. The participants walked together for 40-50 min. In every session, the participants reported their affective responses to walking (positive engagement, tranquility, and negative affect), their level of satisfaction with the social interactions experienced, and the number of people interacted with during the walk. The available data were from 107 person-sessions. Multilevel models revealed that, although a higher number of people interacted with was not significantly associated with improvements in any affective responses, higher satisfaction with the interactions was significantly associated with improvements in positive engagement at both the within- and between-person levels. This study found that higher satisfaction with the interactions was associated with desirable affective responses among older adults.2019年11月, Journal of aging and physical activity, 28(2) (2), 1 - 7, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 日本生理人類学会, 2019年11月, 日本生理人類学会誌, 24(4) (4), 131 - 138, 日本語朝食をモデルとした食事摂取が若年女性の体温調節反応に及ぼす影響[査読有り]
- NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of isomaltulose, an ingredient in carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages to maintain glycaemia and attenuate the risk of dehydration during exercise heat stress, on postexercise rehydration and physiological heat loss responses? What is the main finding and its importance? Consumption of a 6.5% isomaltulose-electrolyte beverage following exercise heat stress restored hydration following a 2 h recovery as compared to a 2% solution or water only. While the 6.5% isomaltulose-electrolytes increased plasma volume and plasma osmolality, which are known to modulate postexercise heat loss, sweating and cutaneous vascular responses did not differ between conditions. Consequently, ingestion beverages containing 6.5% isomaltulose-electrolytes enhanced postexercise rehydration without affecting heat loss responses. ABSTRACT: Isomaltulose is a disaccharide carbohydrate widely used during exercise to maintain glycaemia and hydration. We investigated the effects of ingesting a beverage containing isomaltulose and electrolytes on postexercise hydration state and physiological heat loss responses. In a randomized, single-blind cross-over design, 10 young healthy men were hypohydrated by performing up to three 30 min successive moderate-intensity (50% heart rate reserve) bouts of cycling, each separated by 10 min, while wearing a water-perfusion suit heated to 45°C. The protocol continued until a 2% reduction in body mass was achieved. Thereafter, participants performed a final 15 min moderate-intensity exercise bout followed by a 2 h recovery. Following cessation of exercise, participants ingested a beverage consisting of (i) water only (Water), (ii) 2% isomaltulose (CHO-2%), or (iii) 6.5% isomaltulose (CHO-6.5%) equal to the volume of 2% body mass loss within the first 30 min of the recovery. Changes in plasma volume (ΔPV) after fluid ingestion were greater for CHO-6.5% compared with CHO-2% (120 min postexercise) and Water (90 and 120 min) (all P ≤ 0.040). Plasma osmolality remained elevated with CHO-6.5% compared with consumption of the other beverages at 30 and 90 min postexercise (all P ≤ 0.050). Urine output tended to be reduced with CHO-6.5% compared to other fluid conditions (main effect, P = 0.069). Rectal and mean skin temperatures, chest sweat rate and cutaneous perfusion did not differ between conditions (all P > 0.05). In conclusion, compared with CHO-2% and Water, consuming a beverage consisting of CHO-6.5% and electrolytes during recovery under heat stress enhances PV recovery without modulating physiological heat loss responses.2019年10月, Experimental physiology, 104(10) (10), 1494 - 1504, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels exist in the endothelial cells of cutaneous blood vessels and the secretory cells of eccrine sweat glands. We assessed if exogenous TRPV4 channel activation elicits cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating in humans in vivo, and if so, whether this response is mediated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS)- cyclooxygenase (COX)- and/or Ca2+-sensitive K+ (KCa) channel-related mechanisms. In ten healthy young adults (24±2 years, 5 women), cutaneous vascular conductance and sweat rate were assessed at four dorsal forearm skin sites continuously treated with either: 1) lactated Ringer's solution (Control), 2) 20 mM L-NAME, a non-selective NOS inhibitor, 3) 10 mM ketorolac, a non-selective COX inhibitor, or 4) 50 mM TEA, a non-selective KCa channel blocker. A potent and selective TRPV4 channel agonist, GSK1016790 A (GSK101), was administered to each skin site in a dose-dependent manner (1, 10, 100, 1000 μM each for ≥30min) via intradermal microdialysis. Administration of 100 and 1000 μM GSK101 increased cutaneous vascular conductance from pre-infusion level at the Control site (48±12 and 57±9%max, respectively, P≤0.004). This response was markedly (53-83%) attenuated by NOS inhibition, COX inhibition, or KCa channel blockade (all P≤0.037), except KCa channel blockade had no effect during 1000 μM GSK101 administration. GSK101 did not influence sweat rate regardless of skin site. We showed that in human skin in vivo, exogenous activation of TRPV4 channels mediates cutaneous vasodilatation, but not sweating through NOS, COX, and KCa channel mechanisms.2019年09月, European journal of pharmacology, 858, 172462 - 172462, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Relative perfusion of active muscles is greater during knee extension ergometry (KE) than cycle ergometry (CE). This provides the opportunity to investigate the effects of increased O2 delivery (Q̇o2) on deoxygenation heterogeneity among quadriceps muscles and pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics. Using time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy, we hypothesized that compared with CE the superficial vastus lateralis (VL), superficial rectus femoris, and deep VL in KE would have 1) a smaller amplitude of the exercise-induced increase in deoxy[Hb + Mb] (related to the balance between V̇o2 and Q̇o2); 2) a greater amplitude of total[Hb + Mb] (related to the diffusive O2 conductance); 3) a greater homogeneity of regional muscle deoxy[Hb + Mb]; and 4) no difference in pulmonary V̇o2 kinetics. Eight participants performed square-wave KE and CE exercise from 20 W to heavy work rates. Deoxy[Hb + Mb] amplitude was less for all muscle regions in KE (P < 0.05: superficial, KE 17-24 vs. CE 19-40; deep, KE 19 vs. CE 26 μM). Furthermore, the amplitude of total[Hb + Mb] was greater for KE than CE at all muscle sites (P < 0.05: superficial, KE, 7-21 vs. CE, 1-16; deep, KE, 11 vs. CE, -3 μM). Although the amplitude and heterogeneity of deoxy[Hb + Mb] were significantly lower in KE than CE during the first minute of exercise, the pulmonary V̇o2 kinetics was not different for KE and CE. These data show that the microvascular Q̇o2 to V̇o2 ratio, and thus tissue oxygenation, was greater in KE than CE. This suggests that pulmonary and muscle V̇o2 kinetics in young healthy humans are not limited by Q̇o2 during heavy-intensity cycling.2019年07月, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 317(1) (1), R203-R213, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- (株)日本メディカルセンター, 2019年07月, 腎と骨代謝, 32(3) (3), 233 - 239, 日本語【筋肉・エクササイズとミネラル代謝】エクササイズ時の発汗と汗電解質の調節
- 2019年07月, Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 16, 556 - 564, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- BACKGROUND: Although the beneficial effects of physical activity and exercise on mental health are well known, the optimal conditions for them for benefitting mental health are still unclear. Engaging in exercise with others might have more desirable effects on mental health than engaging in exercise alone. This study examined the associations between exercising alone, exercising with others, and mental health among middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: Baseline and 1-year follow-up surveys were conducted with 129 individuals. Time spent exercising alone or with others was measured using a 7-day diary survey. Total physical activity was objectively measured using an accelerometer. Mental well-being was assessed using the simplified Japanese version of the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index, and mental distress was assessed using the Japanese version of the Kessler Distress Scale (K6). RESULTS: Cross-lagged and simultaneous effects models revealed that exercising with others positively influenced mental well-being. Exercising alone and total physical activity did not significantly influence mental well-being. Neither total physical activity, exercising alone, nor exercising with others was significantly associated with mental distress. CONCLUSION: Engaging in exercise with others could be effective in improving mental well-being relative to engaging in exercise alone.2019年06月, Journal of physical activity & health, 16(7) (7), 556 - 564, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2019年06月, ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 22(2) (2), 172 - 182, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- This study examined the associations of time spent out of home with physical activity and sedentary behavior among middle-aged and older adults. A diary survey was conducted for 7 days with 157 adults to measure out-of-home time and working status. Time spent in sedentary behavior and levels of physical activity were measured using an accelerometer. After a year, 137 individuals from the original sample participated in a follow-up survey. From the daily analyses of 535 non-working days and 347 working days, multilevel models revealed that on non-working days, more out-of-home time was associated with less sedentary time and higher levels of physical activity at both within- and between-person levels. Longitudinal analyses of non-working days supported these results. However, on working days, similar associations were not revealed by daily or longitudinal analyses. These results suggest that increasing out-of-home time could contribute to increased physical activity and reduced sedentary behavior on non-working days.2019年04月, Journal of behavioral medicine, 42(2) (2), 315 - 329, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2019年04月, 体力科学, 68, 105 - 116, 日本語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2019年04月, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 42, 315 - 329, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: Changes in mean skin temperature (Tsk) have been shown to modify the maximum rate of sweat ion reabsorption. This study aims to extend this knowledge by investigating if modifications could also be caused by local Tsk. METHODS: The influence of local Tsk on the sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates was investigated in ten healthy volunteers (three female and seven male; 20.8 ± 1.2 years, 60.4 ± 7.7 kg, 169.4 ± 10.4 cm) during passive heating (water-perfused suit and lower leg water immersion). In two separate trials, in a randomized order, one forearm was always manipulated to 33 °C (Neutral), whilst the other was manipulated to either 30 °C (Cool) or 36 °C (Warm) using water-perfused patches. Oesophageal temperature (Tes), forearm Tsk, sweat rate (SR), galvanic skin conductance (GSC) and salivary aldosterone concentrations were measured. The sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates were identified using the ∆SR threshold for an increasing ∆GSC. RESULTS: Thermal [Tes and body temperature (Tb)] and non-thermal responses (aldosterone) were similar across all conditions (p > 0.05). A temperature-dependent response for the sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates was evident between 30 °C (0.18 ± 0.10 mg/cm2/min) and 36 °C (0.28 ± 0.14 mg/cm2/min, d = 0.88, p < 0.05), but not for 33 °C (0.22 ± 0.12 mg/cm2/min), d = 0.44 and d = 0.36, p > 0.05. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that small variations in local Tsk may not affect the sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates but when the local Tsk increases by > 6 °C, ion reabsorption rates also increase.2019年03月, European journal of applied physiology, 119(3) (3), 685 - 695, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2019年03月, Eur J Appl Physiol, 119(3) (3), 685 - 695, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of ice slushy ingestion (ICE) and cold water immersion (CWI) on thermoregulatory and sweat responses during constant (study 1) and self-paced (study 2) exercise. In study 1, 11 men cycled at 40-50% of peak aerobic power for 60 min (33.2 ± 0.3°C, 45.9 ± 0.5% relative humidity, RH). In study 2, 11 men cycled for 60 min at perceived exertion (RPE) equivalent to 15 (33.9 ± 0.2°C and 42.5 ± 3.9%RH). In both studies, each trial was preceded by 30 min of CWI (~22°C), ICE or no cooling (CON). Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperature (Tsk), thermal sensation, and sweat responses were measured. In study 1, ICE decreased Tre-Tsk gradient versus CON (p = 0.005) during first 5 min of exercise, while CWI increased Tre-Tsk gradient versus CON and ICE for up to 20 min during the exercise (p<0.05). In study 2, thermal sensation was lower in CWI versus CON and ICE for up to 35-40 min during the exercise (p<0.05). ICE reduced thermal sensation versus CON during the first 20 min of exercise (p<0.05). In study 2, CWI improved mean power output (MPO) by ~8 W, compared with CON only (p = 0.024). In both studies, CWI (p<0.001) and ICE (p = 0.019) delayed sweating by 1-5 min but did not change the body temperature sweating threshold, compared with CON (both p>0.05). Increased Tre-Tsk gradient by CWI improved MPO while ICE reduced Tre but did not confer any ergogenic effect. Both precooling treatments attenuated the thermal efferent signals until a specific body temperature threshold was reached.2019年02月, PLoS One, 14(2) (2), e0212966, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- We investigated whether heat-induced hyperventilation can be voluntarily prevented, and, if so, how this modulates respiratory mechanics and cerebral blood flow in resting heated humans. In two separate trials, 10 healthy men were passively heated using lower body hot-water immersion and a water-perfused garment covering their upper body (both 41°C) until esophageal temperature (Tes ) reached 39°C or volitional termination. In each trial, participants breathed normally (normal-breathing) or voluntarily controlled minute ventilation (VE ) at a level equivalent to that observed after 5 min of heating (controlled-breathing). Respiratory gases, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAV), work of breathing, and end-expiratory and inspiratory lung volumes were measured. During normal-breathing, VE increased as Tes rose above 38.0 ± 0.3°C, whereas controlled-breathing diminished the increase in VE (VE at Tes = 38.6°C: 25.6 ± 5.9 and 11.9 ± 1.3 L min-1 during normal- and controlled-breathing, respectively, P < 0.001). During normal-breathing, end-tidal CO2 pressure and MCAV decreased with rising Tes , but controlled-breathing diminished these reductions (at Tes = 38.6°C, 24.7 ± 5.0 vs. 39.5 ± 2.8 mmHg; 44.9 ± 5.9 vs. 60.2 ± 6.3 cm sec-1 , both P < 0.001). The work of breathing correlated positively with changes in VE (P < 0.001) and was lower during controlled- than normal-breathing (16.1 ± 12.6 and 59.4 ± 49.5 J min-1 , respectively, at heating termination, P = 0.013). End-expiratory and inspiratory lung volumes did not differ between trials (P = 0.25 and 0.71, respectively). These results suggest that during passive heating at rest, heat-induced hyperventilation increases the work of breathing without affecting end-expiratory lung volume, and that voluntary control of breathing can nearly abolish this hyperventilation, thereby diminishing hypocapnia, cerebral hypoperfusion, and increased work of breathing.2019年01月, Physiological reports, 7(1) (1), e13967, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of ice slushy ingestion (ICE) and cold water immersion (CWI) on thermoregulatory and sweat responses during constant (study 1) and self-paced (study 2) exercise. In study 1, 11 men cycled at 40-50% of peak aerobic power for 60 min (33.2 ± 0.3°C, 45.9 ± 0.5% relative humidity, RH). In study 2, 11 men cycled for 60 min at perceived exertion (RPE) equivalent to 15 (33.9 ± 0.2°C and 42.5 ± 3.9%RH). In both studies, each trial was preceded by 30 min of CWI (~22°C), ICE or no cooling (CON). Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperature (Tsk), thermal sensation, and sweat responses were measured. In study 1, ICE decreased Tre-Tsk gradient versus CON (p = 0.005) during first 5 min of exercise, while CWI increased Tre-Tsk gradient versus CON and ICE for up to 20 min during the exercise (p<0.05). In study 2, thermal sensation was lower in CWI versus CON and ICE for up to 35-40 min during the exercise (p<0.05). ICE reduced thermal sensation versus CON during the first 20 min of exercise (p<0.05). In study 2, CWI improved mean power output (MPO) by ~8 W, compared with CON only (p = 0.024). In both studies, CWI (p<0.001) and ICE (p = 0.019) delayed sweating by 1-5 min but did not change the body temperature sweating threshold, compared with CON (both p>0.05). Increased Tre-Tsk gradient by CWI improved MPO while ICE reduced Tre but did not confer any ergogenic effect. Both precooling treatments attenuated the thermal efferent signals until a specific body temperature threshold was reached.2019年, PloS one, 14(2) (2), e0212966, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 高齢者における膝伸展運動時の大腿動脈血流応答To clarify whether the increase in the conduit artery blood flow during dynamic exercise with a small skeletalmuscle groups was inhibited by aging, we compared femoral artery blood flow at rest and during the submaximal kneeextension exercise (0 W, 10 W, 20 W and 30 W) between older (O group) and young (Y group) males. Absolute bloodflow of femoral artery at rest and during exercise at low intensity was smaller in O than Y groups. However, femoralartery blood flow corrected by skeletal muscle mass during exercise at 10~30 W was not attenuated by aging. Theseresults suggested that, during the knee extension exercise within the range of the load intensity that we used in thisstudy, even the older males can maintain the femoral artery blood flow that is equal to young males, in other words,the aging does not inhibit increase of the femoral artery blood flow.日本生理人類学会, 2019年, 日本生理人類学会誌, 24(1) (1), 19 - 26, 日本語[査読有り]
- 2019年01月, Physiol Rep, 7(1) (1), e13967, 英語Respiratory mechanics and cerebral blood flow during heat-induced hyperventilation and its voluntary suppression in passively heated humans[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: Although it has been proposed that 1 spouse's health behaviors might correlate with the other spouse's health behavior among married couples, few studies have focused on sedentary behavior. This study examined whether objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity are correlated with each other and whether attachment to one's spouse moderates such correlations among middle-aged and older married couples. METHODS: Seventy-two couples participated in the survey. This study measured time engaged in sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), step counts by an accelerometer for 7 days, and attachment to one's spouse, age, education, and frailty by questionnaires. RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses showed that the sedentary behaviors of 1 spouse statistically significantly regressed on those of the other spouse (β = .30-.47). The regressions of husbands' MVPA and step counts on those of their wives were statistically marginally significant (β = .22-.25), while the regressions of wives' MVPA and step counts on those of their husbands were not statistically significant (β = .15-.18). The interaction terms of the attachment with one's spousal accelerometer variables on those of the other spouse were not statistically significant (β = -.02 to .16). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that sedentary behaviors were correlated with each other among couples and attachment to one's spouse did not moderate these correlations. Sedentary behaviors of 1 spouse might influence the other, regardless of attachment to one's spouse. The concordance for physical activity was weaker than that for sedentary behavior.2018年12月, Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 89(4) (4), 440 - 449, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: This study investigated the influence of β-adrenergic receptor blockade on sweating during bilateral static knee extension (KE) and lateral isometric handgrip (IH) exercises followed by post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) in habitually trained individuals. METHOD: Ten habitually trained men (maximum oxygen uptake, 57.1 ± 3.4 ml kg-1 min-1) were mildly heated by increasing their skin temperature, and bilateral KE or lateral IH exercises at an intensity of 60% maximum voluntary contraction were subsequently performed for 1 min, followed by PEMI to stimulate muscle metaboreceptors for 2 min. Sweat rates were measured on the bilateral forearms (KE) or thighs (IH) transdermally administered with 1% propranolol (propranolol, a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor inhibitor) or saline (control) via iontophoresis. RESULTS: Relative to the pre-exercise baseline values, IH exercise (P = 0.038) followed by PEMI (P = 0.041) similarly increased sweat rates on the thighs at both control and propranolol sites (baseline, 0.05 ± 0.04 vs. 0.05 ± 0.04; IH, 0.14 ± 0.12 vs. 0.15 ± 0.14; PEMI, 0.14 ± 0.16 vs. 0.14 ± 0.16 mg cm-2 min-1). KE increased sweat rates on the forearms (P = 0.001) at both control and propranolol sites similarly (baseline, 0.02 ± 0.03 vs. 0.02 ± 0.03; KE, 0.21 ± 0.19 vs. 0.20 ± 0.18), whereas PEMI did not significantly induce sweating at these sites (P = 0.260) (0.09 ± 0.12 and 0.10 ± 0.12 mg cm-2 min-1, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that non-thermal drives induced by static exercise and PEMI do not elicit β-adrenergic sweating in habitually trained individuals even when the non-thermal drives are originated from leg(s) under the conditions in the present study.2018年12月, European journal of applied physiology, 118(12) (12), 2669 - 2677, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2018年12月, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 89, 440 - 449, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: Little is known about why the attenuation of heat loss responses with aging begins in the lower limbs. This study sought to determine whether passive heating causes the age-related decrease and limb-specific difference of blood flow (BF) responses between conduit brachial and femoral arteries, which are related to differences of cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) between the upper and lower limbs. METHOD: In 15 older and 12 younger males, BF in the brachial and femoral arteries was ultrasonically measured and CVC in the forearm and thigh was assessed during lower leg immersion in hot water at 42 °C (ambient temperature: 30 °C, relative humidity: 45%) for 40 min. RESULTS: The increased BF of brachial artery at the end of passive heating was similar between both age groups (older: 140 ± 4%; younger: 146 ± 11%), while that of femoral artery was smaller in older than younger group (119 ± 4% vs. 166 ± 11%, P < 0.01). Moreover, the increased CVC in the forearm was similar between the age groups (older: 356 ± 50%; younger: 308 ± 46%), although CVC in the thigh was significantly lower in older than younger group (303 ± 33% vs. 427 ± 51%, P < 0.05). These results corresponded to the BF responses of the brachial and femoral arteries, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that age-related decrease and limb-specific difference occur also in conduit arteries of arm and leg, which might be related to the different reduction in CVC between forearm and thigh.2018年11月, European journal of applied physiology, 118(11) (11), 2307 - 2318, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2018年11月, Eur J Appl Physiol, 118(12) (12), 2669 - 2677., 英語β-Adrenergic receptor blockade does not modify non-thermal sweating during static exercise and following muscle ischemia in habitually trained individuals[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2018年11月, Eur J Appl Physiol, 118(11) (11), 2307 - 2318, 英語Age-related attenuation of conduit artery blood flow response to passive heating differs between the arm and leg[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- It remains unknown whether cutaneous adrenergic nerves functionally contribute to sweat production during exercise. This study examined whether cutaneous adrenergic nerve blockade attenuates sweating during incremental exercise, specifically in habitually trained individuals. Accordingly, 10 habitually trained and 10 untrained males (V̇o2max: 56.7 ± 5.4 and 38.9 ± 6.7 ml·kg-1·min-1, respectively; P < 0.001) performed incremental semirecumbent cycling (20 W/min) until exhaustion. Sweat rates (ventilated capsule) were measured at two bilateral forearm skin sites on which either 10 mM bretylium tosylate (BT) (an inhibitor of neurotransmitter release from sympathetic adrenergic nerve terminals) or saline (Control) was transdermally administered via iontophoresis. BT treatment delayed sweating onset in both groups (∼0.66 min; P = 0.001) and suppressed the sweat rate relative to the Control treatment at ≥70% relative total exercise time in trained individuals (each 10% increment; all P ≤ 0.009) but not in untrained counterparts ( P = 0.122, interaction between relative time × treatment). Changes in total sweat production at the BT site relative to the Control site were greater in trained individuals than in untrained counterparts (area under the curve, -0.86 ± 0.67 and -0.22 ± 0.39 mg/cm2, respectively; P = 0.023). In conclusion, we demonstrated that cutaneous adrenergic nerves do modulate sweating during incremental exercise, which appeared to be more apparent in habitually trained men (e.g., ≥70% maximum workload). Although our results indicated that habitual exercise training may augment neural adrenergic sweat production during incremental exercise, additional studies are required to confirm this possibility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated for the first time that cutaneous adrenergic nerves do modulate sweating during high-intensity exercise in humans (≥70% maximum workload). In addition, neural adrenergic sweating appeared to be greater in habitually trained individuals than in untrained counterparts, although further studies are necessary to confirm such a possibility. Nonetheless, the observations presented herein advance our understanding on human thermoregulation while providing new evidence for the neutral mediation of adrenergic sweating during exercise.2018年10月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 125(4) (4), 1041 - 1050, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- It remains unknown whether cutaneous adrenergic nerves functionally contribute to sweat production during exercise. This study examined whether cutaneous adrenergic nerve blockade attenuates sweating during incremental exercise, specifically in habitually trained individuals. Accordingly, 10 habitually trained and 10 untrained males (V̇o2max: 56.7 ± 5.4 and 38.9 ± 6.7 ml·kg-1·min-1, respectively; P < 0.001) performed incremental semirecumbent cycling (20 W/min) until exhaustion. Sweat rates (ventilated capsule) were measured at two bilateral forearm skin sites on which either 10 mM bretylium tosylate (BT) (an inhibitor of neurotransmitter release from sympathetic adrenergic nerve terminals) or saline (Control) was transdermally administered via iontophoresis. BT treatment delayed sweating onset in both groups (∼0.66 min; P = 0.001) and suppressed the sweat rate relative to the Control treatment at ≥70% relative total exercise time in trained individuals (each 10% increment; all P ≤ 0.009) but not in untrained counterparts ( P = 0.122, interaction between relative time × treatment). Changes in total sweat production at the BT site relative to the Control site were greater in trained individuals than in untrained counterparts (area under the curve, -0.86 ± 0.67 and -0.22 ± 0.39 mg/cm2, respectively; P = 0.023). In conclusion, we demonstrated that cutaneous adrenergic nerves do modulate sweating during incremental exercise, which appeared to be more apparent in habitually trained men (e.g., ≥70% maximum workload). Although our results indicated that habitual exercise training may augment neural adrenergic sweat production during incremental exercise, additional studies are required to confirm this possibility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated for the first time that cutaneous adrenergic nerves do modulate sweating during high-intensity exercise in humans (≥70% maximum workload). In addition, neural adrenergic sweating appeared to be greater in habitually trained individuals than in untrained counterparts, although further studies are necessary to confirm such a possibility. Nonetheless, the observations presented herein advance our understanding on human thermoregulation while providing new evidence for the neutral mediation of adrenergic sweating during exercise.2018年10月, J Appl Physiol, 125(4) (4), 1041 - 1050, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- It was recently demonstrated that an O2 extraction reserve, as assessed by the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived deoxygenation signal ([HHb]), exists in the superficial region of vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during an occlusion performed at the end of a ramp-incremental test. However, it is unknown whether this reserve is present and/or different in magnitude in other portions and depths of the quadriceps muscles. We tested the hypothesis that an O2 extraction reserve would exist in other regions of this muscle but is greater in deep compared with more superficial portions. Superficial (VL-s) and deep VL (VL-d) as well as superficial rectus femoris (RF-s) were monitored by a combination of low- and high-power time-resolved (TRS) NIRS. During the occlusion immediately post-ramp-incremental test there was a significant overshoot in the [HHb] signal ( P < 0.05). However, the magnitude of this increase was greater in VL-d (93.2 ± 42.9%) compared with VL-s (55.0 ± 19.6%) and RF-s (47.8 ± 14.0%) ( P < 0.05). The present study demonstrated that an O2 extraction reserve exists in different pools of active muscle fibers of the quadriceps at the end of a ramp exercise to exhaustion. The greater magnitude in the reserve observed in the deeper portion of VL, however, suggests that this portion of muscle may present a greater surplus of oxygenated blood, which is likely due to a greater population of slow-twitch fibers. These findings add to the notion that the plateau in the [HHb] signal toward the end of a ramp-incremental exercise does not indicate the upper limit of O2 extraction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Different portions of the quadriceps muscles exhibited an untapped O2 extraction reserve during a blood flow occlusion performed at the end of a ramp-incremental exercise. In the deeper portion of the vastus lateralis muscle, this reserve was greater compared with superficial vastus lateralis and rectus femoris. These data suggest that the O2 extraction reserve may be dependent on the vascular and/or oxidative capacities of the muscles.2018年08月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 125(2) (2), 313 - 319, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- By combining galvanic skin conductance (GSC), stratum corneum hydration (HYD) and regional surface sweat rate (RSR) measurements at the arm, thigh, back and chest, we closely monitored the passage of sweat from gland to skin surface. Through a varied exercise-rest protocol, sweating was increased slowly and decreased in 16 male and female human participants (25.3 ± 4.7 yr, 174.6 ± 10.1 cm, 71.3 ± 12.0 kg, 53.0 ± 6.8 ml·kg-1·min-1). ∆GSC and HYD increased before RSR, indicating pre-secretory sweat gland activity and skin hydration. ∆GSC and HYD typically increased concomitantly during rest in a warm environment (30.1 ± 1.0°C, 30.0 ± 4.7% relative humidity) and only at the arm did ∆GSC increase before an increase in HYD. HYD increased before RSR, before sweat was visible on the skin, but not to full saturation, contradicting earlier hypotheses. Maximal skin hydration did occur, as demonstrated by a plateau in all regions. Post exercise rest resulted in a rapid decrease in HYD and RSR but a delayed decline in ∆GSC. Evidence for reabsorption of surface sweat into the skin following a decline in sweating, as hypothesized in the literature, was not found. This suggests that skin surface sweat, after sweating is decreased, may not diffuse back into the dermis, but is only evaporated. These data, showing distinctly different responses for the three measured variables, provide useful information about the fate of sweat from gland to surface that is relevant across numerous research fields (e.g., thermoregulation, dermatology, ergonomics and material design). NEW & NOTEWORTHY After sweat gland stimulation, sweat travels through the duct, penetrating the epidermis before appearing on the skin surface. We found that only submaximal stratum corneum hydration was required before surface sweating occurred. However, full hydration occurred only once sweat was on the surface. Once sweating reduces, surface sweat evaporation continues, but there is a delayed drying of the skin. This information is relevant across various research fields, including environmental ergonomics, dermatology, thermoregulation, and skin-interface interactions.2018年08月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 125(2) (2), 459 - 469, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: We investigated the influence of inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation on local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during exercise in hot conditions. METHOD: Eight healthy, young subjects were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to receive [Formula: see text]-rich beetroot (BR) juice (140 mL/day, containing ~ 8 mmol of [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text]-depleted placebo (PL) juice (140 mL/day, containing ~ 0.003 mmol of [Formula: see text]) for 3 days. On day 3 of supplementation, subjects cycled at an intensity corresponding to 55% of [Formula: see text]O2max for 30 min in hot conditions (30 °C, 50% relative humidity). Chest and forearm sweat rate (SR) and skin blood flow (SkBF), were measured continuously. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated by SkBF/mean arterial pressure (MAP). RESULTS: Prior to exercise, plasma [Formula: see text] (21 ± 6 and 581 ± 161 µM) and nitrite ([Formula: see text], 87 ± 28 and 336 ± 156 nM) concentrations were higher after BR compared to PL supplementation (P ≤ 0.011, n = 6). Oesophageal, mean skin, and mean body temperatures during exercise were not different between conditions. In addition, BR supplementation did not affect SR, SkBF, and CVC during exercise. A lower MAP was found after 30 min of exercise following BR supplementation (112 ± 6 and 103 ± 6 mmHg for PL and BR, respectively, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that inorganic [Formula: see text] supplementation, which increases the potential for O2-independent NO production, does not affect local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses, but attenuates blood pressure in young healthy subjects exercising in a hot environment.2018年08月, European journal of applied physiology, 118(8) (8), 1579 - 1588, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2018年08月, 体育の科学, 68(8) (8), 561-565, 日本語暑熱環境における身体能力のリミットコントロール研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2018年08月, J Appl Physiol, 125(2) (2), 459 - 469, 英語Sweat from gland to skin surface: production, transport, and skin absorption[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: We investigated the influence of inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation on local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during exercise in hot conditions. METHOD: Eight healthy, young subjects were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to receive [Formula: see text]-rich beetroot (BR) juice (140 mL/day, containing ~ 8 mmol of [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text]-depleted placebo (PL) juice (140 mL/day, containing ~ 0.003 mmol of [Formula: see text]) for 3 days. On day 3 of supplementation, subjects cycled at an intensity corresponding to 55% of [Formula: see text]O2max for 30 min in hot conditions (30 °C, 50% relative humidity). Chest and forearm sweat rate (SR) and skin blood flow (SkBF), were measured continuously. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated by SkBF/mean arterial pressure (MAP). RESULTS: Prior to exercise, plasma [Formula: see text] (21 ± 6 and 581 ± 161 µM) and nitrite ([Formula: see text], 87 ± 28 and 336 ± 156 nM) concentrations were higher after BR compared to PL supplementation (P ≤ 0.011, n = 6). Oesophageal, mean skin, and mean body temperatures during exercise were not different between conditions. In addition, BR supplementation did not affect SR, SkBF, and CVC during exercise. A lower MAP was found after 30 min of exercise following BR supplementation (112 ± 6 and 103 ± 6 mmHg for PL and BR, respectively, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that inorganic [Formula: see text] supplementation, which increases the potential for O2-independent NO production, does not affect local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses, but attenuates blood pressure in young healthy subjects exercising in a hot environment.2018年08月, Eur J Appl Physiol, 118(8) (8), 1579 - 1588, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2018年08月, J Appl Physiol, 125(2) (2), 313 - 319, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- (株)文光堂, 2018年07月, 臨床スポーツ医学, 35(7) (7), 660 - 663, 日本語【暑さと熱中症対策-スポーツの安全とパフォーマンスのために-】対策に必要な基礎知識 運動時の体温調節
- 2018年07月, 臨床スポーツ医学, 35(7) (7), 660-663, 日本語運動時の体温調節研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2018年05月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 124(5) (5), 1213 - 1213, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
- 日本運動疫学会, 2018年05月, 運動疫学研究, 20(1) (1), 16 - 25, 日本語高齢者における近隣の坂道に対する認識と活動的な移動習慣との関連－斜面市街地を対象とした検討[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- AIM: Going outdoors more frequently is beneficial for maintaining and improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among older adults. However, individual differences can alter the effects of going outdoors. The present study aimed to examine whether relationships between going outdoors and HRQOL were moderated by living alone and employment status. METHODS: The present study was a secondary analysis of 14-month prospective data (n = 613). Variables used in this study were baseline data on the frequency of going outdoors, HRQOL (physical and mental component summary scores assessed using the Japanese version of the Medical Outcomes study Short Form 8-Item Health Survey), living alone, employment status, potential confounders (sex, age, educational level and instrumental activities of daily living) and follow-up data on HRQOL. RESULTS: Mixed models showed that the interaction term of going outdoors and currently living alone on both the physical and mental component summary and that of going outdoors and current employment status on the mental component were significant. Stratified analyses showed that going outdoors more frequently predicted the physical and mental component summary among those who lived with others, and the mental component summary among those who were unemployed. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the influence of going outdoors on HRQOL was moderated by living alone and employment status. Going outdoors more frequently might be important for the maintenance of HRQOL, especially among unemployed older adults living with others. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 640-647.2018年04月, Geriatrics & gerontology international, 18(4) (4), 640 - 647, 英語, 国内誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2018年04月, GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, 18(4) (4), 640 - 647, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- AIM: Strengthening neighborhood social networks is important for promoting health among older adults. However, effective intervention strategies aimed at increasing older adults' social networks have not yet been established. The present study examined whether a university-led community intervention that provided communication opportunities could increase older Japanese adults' neighborhood social networks. METHODS: The present study used a quasi-experimental design. Before the intervention, using postal mail, we carried out a baseline questionnaire survey that was sent to all people living in the Tsurukabuto community aged ≥60 years (n = 1769), of whom 1068 responded. For the community intervention, 18 event-based programs were provided over the course of 1 year at Kobe University. Academic staff at Kobe University organized all the programs. During the program, social interactions among participants were promoted. A follow-up survey was distributed to those who responded to the baseline survey, and 710 individuals answered the question about their participation in the intervention programs (138 respondents were participants, 572 were non-participants). The neighborhood social network was measured in both the baseline and follow-up surveys. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance showed that the changes in neighborhood social network among participants in the program was significantly higher than the changes among non-participants (P = 0.046) after adjusting for the baseline score of social network. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found that participants of the intervention expanded their neighborhood social network, but non-participants did not. This finding shows that community interventions using university resources could increase older adults' neighborhood social networks. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 462-469.2018年03月, Geriatrics & gerontology international, 18(3) (3), 462 - 469, 英語, 国内誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- The sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rates were investigated (n = 12, 21.7 ± 3.0 years, 59.4 ± 9.8 kg, 166.9 ± 10.4 cm and 47.1 ± 7.5 mL/kg/min) during two separate endogenous protocols; cycling at 30% (LEX) and 60% VO2max (MEX) and one exogenous trial; passive heating (PH) (43°C water lower leg immersion) in 27°C, 50%RH. Oesophageal temperature (Tes ), skin temperature (Tsk ), and forearm, chest and lower back sweat rate (SR) and galvanic skin conductance (GSC) were measured. Salivary aldosterone was measured pre-and postheating (n = 3). Using the ∆SR threshold for an increasing ∆GSC to identify maximum sweat ion reabsorption rate revealed higher reabsorption rates during MEX compared to PH (mean of all regions: 0.63 ± 0.28 vs. 0.44 ± 0.3 mg/cm2 /min, P < 0.05). It was not possible to identify the ion reabsorption rate during LEX for some participants. Tes and mean Tsk were different between conditions but mean body temperature (Tb ) and local Tsk (forearm, chest and back) were similar (P > 0.05). Aldosterone increased more during MEX (72.8 ± 36.6 pg/mL) compared to PH (39.2 ± 17.5 pg/mL) and LEX (1.8 ± 9.7 pg/mL). The back had a higher threshold than the forearm (P < 0.05) but it was similar to the chest (P > 0.05) (mean of all conditions; 0.64 ± 0.33, 0.42 ± 0.25, 0.54 ± 0.3 mg/cm2 /min, respectively). Although the differences between conditions may be influenced by thermal or nonthermal mechanism, our results indicate a possibility that the sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rates may be different between exercise and passive heating without mediating skin regional differences.2018年03月, Physiological reports, 6(5) (5), 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2018年03月, GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, 18(3) (3), 462 - 469, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Elevating core temperature at rest causes increases in minute ventilation (V̇e), which lead to reductions in both arterial CO2 partial pressure (hypocapnia) and cerebral blood flow. We tested the hypothesis that in resting heated humans this hypocapnia diminishes the ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature but does not explain a large portion of the decrease in cerebral blood flow. Fourteen healthy men were passively heated using hot-water immersion (41°C) combined with a water-perfused suit, which caused esophageal temperature (Tes) to reach 39°C. During heating in two separate trials, end-tidal CO2 partial pressure decreased from the level before heating (39.4 ± 2.0 mmHg) to the end of heating (30.5 ± 6.3 mmHg) ( P = 0.005) in the Control trial. This decrease was prevented by breathing CO2-enriched air throughout the heating such that end-tidal CO2 partial pressure did not differ between the beginning (39.8 ± 1.5 mmHg) and end (40.9 ± 2.7 mmHg) of heating ( P = 1.00). The sensitivity to rising Tes (i.e., slope of the Tes - V̇E relation) did not differ between the Control and CO2-breathing trials (37.1 ± 43.1 vs. 16.5 ± 11.1 l·min-1·°C-1, P = 0.31). In both trials, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAV) decreased early during heating (all P < 0.01), despite the absence of hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia. CO2 breathing increased MCAV relative to Control at the end of heating ( P = 0.005) and explained 36.6% of the heat-induced reduction in MCAV. These results indicate that during passive heating at rest ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature is not suppressed by hypocapnia and that most of the decrease in cerebral blood flow occurs independently of hypocapnia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hyperthermia causes hyperventilation and concomitant hypocapnia and cerebral hypoperfusion. The last may underlie central fatigue. We are the first to demonstrate that hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation is not suppressed by the resultant hypocapnia and that hypocapnia explains only 36% of cerebral hypoperfusion elicited by hyperthermia. These new findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms controlling ventilation and cerebral blood flow during heat stress, which may be useful for developing interventions aimed at preventing central fatigue during hyperthermia.2018年01月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 124(1) (1), 225 - 233, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2018年, Japanese Psychological Research, 英語Social Networks as a Factor in Volunteering among Elderly Japanese with Lower Socioeconomic Status[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 日本運動疫学会, 2018年, 運動疫学研究, 20(1) (1), 16 - 25, 日本語
目的：斜面市街地に住む高齢者を対象に，近隣の坂道への認識が，活動的な移動習慣と関連しているかどうかを検討した。
方法：本研究は横断研究であった。神戸市灘区鶴甲地区の1,021名へ2017年に質問紙調査を行い，693名（67.9％）が回答した。回答者のうち，65歳以上であり，移動能力に大きな制限がなく，かつ，分析項目に欠損のない，337名（男性155名，女性182名）を解析対象とした。活動的な移動習慣は，徒歩または自転車による地区外への週1日以上の外出として評価した。坂道に対する認識として，近所には坂が多く移動が大変と認識しているかどうかを質問した。基本属性等として，性別，年代，居住形態，経済的ゆとり，自動車・バイクの運転，運動実施，過体重，膝痛，心理的苦痛を取り上げた。活動的な移動習慣を従属変数，坂道に対する認識と基本属性等を独立変数としたポアソン回帰分析を行った。
結果：解析対象の21.2％が活動的な移動習慣を有していた。ポアソン回帰分析の結果，坂道を否定的に認識している者（調整有病割合比=0.64，95％信頼区間=0.42-0.96）は，否定的に認識していない者よりも，活動的な移動習慣を有していない傾向にあった。
結論：坂道に対する認識が否定的ではない高齢者のほうが，活動的な移動習慣を有していた。このことは，斜面市街地に住む高齢者において，近隣の坂道に対する否定的な認識を取り除くことが活動的な移動習慣の形成に影響する可能性があることを示している。
[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌） - We evaluated cold sensation at rest and in response to exercise-induced changes in core and skin temperatures in cold-sensitive exercise trained females. Fifty-eight trained young females were screened by a questionnaire, selecting cold-sensitive (Cold-sensitive, n = 7) and non-cold-sensitive (Control, n = 7) individuals. Participants rested in a room at 29.5°C for ~100 min after which ambient temperature was reduced to 23.5°C where they remained resting for 60 min. Participants then performed 30-min of moderate intensity cycling (50% peak oxygen uptake) followed by a 60-min recovery. Core and mean skin temperatures and cold sensation over the whole-body and extremities (fingers and toes) were assessed throughout. Resting core temperature was lower in the Cold-sensitive relative to Control group (36.4 ± 0.3 vs. 36.7 ± 0.2°C). Core temperature increased to similar levels at end-exercise (~37.2°C) and gradually returned to near preexercise rest levels at the end of recovery (>36.6°C). Whole-body cold sensation was greater in the Cold-sensitive relative to Control group during resting at a room temperature of 23.5°C only without a difference in mean skin temperature between groups. In contrast, cold sensation of the extremities was greater in the Cold-sensitive group prior to, during and following exercise albeit this was not paralleled by differences in mean extremity skin temperature. We show that young trained females who are sensitive to cold exhibit augmented whole-body cold sensation during rest under temperate ambient conditions. However, this response is diminished during and following exercise. In contrast, cold sensation of extremities is augmented during resting that persists during and following exercise.2017年11月, Physiological reports, 5(20) (20), 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2017年11月, Physiological reports, 5(20) (20)[査読有り]
- 日本健康教育学会, 2017年11月, 日本健康教育学会誌, 25(4) (4), 258 - 268, 日本語
目的：運動ソーシャルサポートと運動行動との関連性が，外向性の高低によって異なるかどうかを検証した．
方法：この横断研究は，兵庫県神戸市中央区，高砂市，三木市，宍粟市の住民基本台帳から無作為抽出された79組（158名）の中高齢夫婦に郵送調査を行った．運動行動の指標として，日誌調査で運動時間を，活動量計調査で中強度以上の歩行時間と歩数をそれぞれ7日間測定した．運動ソーシャルサポート，外向性，基本属性（性別，年齢，教育歴，フレイル，就業）は質問紙調査で評価した．運動行動を従属変数とした重回帰分析を行った．
結果：対象者全体の分析の結果，運動ソーシャルサポートと外向性の交互作用項が，運動時間（β＝0.16，p＝0.04），中強度以上の歩行時間（β＝0.16，p＝0.04），歩数（β＝0.16，p＝0.03）へ有意に回帰していた．外向性の高さで層化した分析の結果，外向性が高い群では，運動ソーシャルサポートは運動時間（β＝0.32，p＝0.02），中強度以上の歩行時間（β＝0.28，p＝0.03），歩数（β＝0.27，p＝0.04）へ有意に回帰していた．一方，外向性が低い群や中程度の群では，運動ソーシャルサポートはいずれの運動行動の指標にも有意に回帰していなかった．
結論：運動ソーシャルサポートと運動行動との正の関連性は，外向性の高い人でのみ示された．運動ソーシャルサポートは，外向的な人の運動行動へは肯定的な影響を与えている可能性がある一方で，そうでない人の運動行動へ与える影響は限定的である可能性がある．
[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌） - AIM: A number of interventions have been undertaken to develop and promote social networks among community-dwelling older adults. However, it has been difficult to examine the effects of these interventions, because of problems in assessing interactions. The present study was designed to quantitatively measure and visualize face-to-face interactions among elderly participants in an exercise program. We also examined relationships among interactional variables, personality and interest in community involvement, including interactions with the local community. METHODS: Older adults living in the same community were recruited to participate in an exercise program that consisted of four sessions. We collected data on face-to-face interactions of the participants by using a wearable sensor technology device. RESULTS: Network analysis identified the communication networks of participants in the exercise program, as well as changes in these networks. Additionally, there were significant correlations between the number of people involved in face-to-face interactions and changes in both interest in community involvement and interactions with local community residents, as well as personality traits, including agreeableness. CONCLUSIONS: Social networks in the community are essential for solving problems caused by the aging society. We showed the possible applications of face-to-face interactional data for identifying core participants having many interactions, and isolated participants having only a few interactions within the community. Such data would be useful for carrying out efficient interventions for increasing participants' involvement with their community. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1752-1758.2017年10月, Geriatrics & gerontology international, 17(10) (10), 1752 - 1758, 英語, 国内誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2017年10月, GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, 17(10) (10), 1752 - 1758, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- The purpose of the present study was to test our hypothesis that unloading the carotid baroreceptors alters the threshold and gain of the muscle metaboreflex in humans. Ten healthy subjects performed a static handgrip exercise at 50% of maximum voluntary contraction. Contraction was sustained for 15, 30, 45, and 60 s and was followed by 3 min of forearm circulatory arrest, during which forearm muscular pH is known to decrease linearly with increasing contraction time. The carotid baroreceptors were unloaded by applying 0.1-Hz sinusoidal neck pressure (oscillating from +15 to +50 mmHg) during ischemia. We estimated the threshold and gain of the muscle metaboreflex by analyzing the relationship between the cardiovascular responses during ischemia and the amount of work done during the exercise. In the condition with unloading of the carotid baroreceptors, the muscle metaboreflex thresholds for mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and total vascular resistance (TVR) corresponded to significantly lower work levels than the control condition (threshold for MAP: 795 ± 102 vs. 662 ± 208 mmHg and threshold for TVR: 818 ± 213 vs. 572 ± 292 kg·s, P < 0.05), but the gains did not differ between the two conditions (gain for MAP: 4.9 ± 1.7 vs. 4.4 ± 1.6 mmHg·kg·s-1·100 and gain for TVR: 1.3 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.7 mmHg·l-1·min-1·kg·s-1·100). We conclude that the carotid baroreflex modifies the muscle metaboreflex threshold in humans. Our results suggest the carotid baroreflex brakes the muscle metaboreflex, thereby inhibiting muscle metaboreflex-mediated pressor and vasoconstriction responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that unloading the carotid baroreceptors shifts the pressor threshold of the muscle metaboreflex toward lower metabolic stimulation levels in humans. This finding indicates that, in the normal loading state, the carotid baroreflex inhibits the muscle metaboreflex pressor response by shifting the reflex threshold to higher metabolic stimulation levels.2017年09月, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 313(3) (3), H650-H657, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- The aim of our study was to determine if habitual endurance training can influence the relative contribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) in the regulation of sweating during a passive heat stress in young adults. Ten trained athletes and nine untrained counterparts were passively heated until oral temperature (as estimated by sublingual temperature, Tor) increased by 1.5°C above baseline resting. Forearm sweat rate (ventilated capsule) was measured at three skin sites continuously perfused with either lactated Ringer's solution (Control), 10 mmol/L NG -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, non-selective NOS inhibitor), or 10 mmol/L ketorolac (Ketorolac, non-selective COX inhibitor) via intradermal microdialysis. Sweat rate was averaged for each 0.3°C increase in Tor Sweat rate at the L-NAME site was lower than Control following a 0.9 and 1.2°C increase in Tor in both groups (all P ≤ 0.05). Relative to the Control site, NOS-inhibition reduced sweating similarly between the groups (P = 0.51). Sweat rate at the Ketorolac site was not different from the Control at any levels of Tor in both groups (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, a greater sweat rate was measured at the end of heating in the trained as compared to the untrained individuals (P ≤ 0.05). We show that NOS contributes similarly to sweating in both trained and untrained individuals during a passive heat stress. Further, no effect of COX on sweating was measured for either group. The greater sweat production observed in endurance-trained athletes is likely mediated by factors other than NOS- and COX-dependent mechanisms.2017年09月, Physiological reports, 5(17) (17), 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- To date our knowledge of skeletal muscle deoxygenation as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is predicated almost exclusively on sampling of superficial muscle(s), most commonly the vastus lateralis (VL-s). Recently developed high power NIRS facilitates simultaneous sampling of deep (i.e., rectus femoris, RF-d) and superficial muscles of RF (RF-s) and VL-s. Because deeper muscle is more oxidative with greater capillarity and sustains higher blood flows than superficial muscle, we used time-resolved NIRS to test the hypotheses that, following exercise onset, the RF-d has slower deoxy[Hb+Mb] kinetics with reduced amplitude than superficial muscles. Thirteen participants performed cycle exercise transitions from unloaded to heavy work rates. Within the same muscle (RF-s vs. RF-d) deoxy[Hb+Mb] kinetics (mean response time, MRT) and amplitudes were not different. However, compared with the kinetics of VL-s, deoxy[Hb+Mb] of RF-s and RF-d were slower (MRT: RF-s, 51 ± 23; RF-d, 55 ± 29; VL-s, 18 ± 6 s; P < 0.05). Moreover, the amplitude of total[Hb+Mb] was greater for VL-s than both RF-s and RF-d (P < 0.05). Whereas pulmonary V˙O2 kinetics (i.e., on vs. off) were symmetrical in heavy exercise, there was a marked on-off asymmetry of deoxy[Hb+Mb] for all three sites i.e., MRT-off > MRT-on (P < 0.05). Collectively these data reveal profoundly different O2 transport strategies, with the RF-s and RF-d relying proportionately more on elevated perfusive and the VL-s on diffusive O2 transport. These disparate O2 transport strategies and their temporal profiles across muscles have previously been concealed within the "global" pulmonary V˙O2 response.2017年09月, Physiological reports, 5(17) (17), 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: It is recently reported that determining sweat rate (SR) threshold for increasing galvanic skin conductance (GSC) would represent a maximum rate of sweat ion reabsorption in sweat glands. We evaluate the maximum rate of sweat ion reabsorption over skin regions, sex, and long-term exercise training by using the threshold analysis in the present study. METHODS: Ten males (2 untrained, 4 sprinters, and 4 distance runners) and 12 females (5 untrained, 4 sprinters, and 3 distance runners) conducted graded cycling exercise for 45 min at low, middle, and high exercise intensities (heart rate 100-110, 120-130, and 140-150 beats/min, respectively) for 10, 15, and 20 min, respectively, at 30 °C and 50% relative humidity. Comparisons were made between males and females and among untrained individuals, distance runners, and sprinters on the back and forearm. RESULTS: SR threshold for increasing GSC on back was significantly higher than that of forearm (P < 0.05) without any sex differences (back 0.70 ± 0.08 and 0.61 ± 0.04, forearm 0.40 ± 0.05 and 0.45 ± 0.06 mg/cm2/min for males and females, respectively). Distance runners and sprinters showed higher SR threshold for increasing GSC than that of untrained subjects on back (P < 0.05) but not on forearm (back 0.45 ± 0.06, 0.83 ± 0.06, and 0.70 ± 0.04, forearm 0.33 ± 0.04, 0.49 ± 0.02, and 0.39 ± 0.07 mg/cm2/min for untrained subjects, distance runners, and sprinters, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the maximum sweat ion reabsorption rate on the back is higher than that of forearm without sex differences. Furthermore, exercise training in distance runners and sprinters improves the maximum sweat ion reabsorption rate on the back.2017年07月, European journal of applied physiology, 117(7) (7), 1317 - 1327, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- The aim of the present study was to determine the β-adrenergic contribution to sweating during incremental exercise in habitually trained males. Nine habitually trained and 11 untrained males performed incremental cycling until exhaustion (20 W/min). Bilateral forearm sweat rates (ventilated capsule) were measured at two skin sites that were transdermally administered via iontophoresis with either 1% propranolol (Propranolol, a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) or saline (Control). The sweat rate was evaluated as a function of both relative (percentage of maximum workload) and absolute exercise intensities. The sweat rate at the Propranolol site was lower than the control during exercise at 80 (0.57 ± 0.21 and 0.45 ± 0.19 mg·cm-2·min-1 for Control and Propranolol, respectively) and 90% (0.74 ± 0.22 and 0.65 ± 0.17 mg·cm-2·min-1, respectively) of maximum workload in trained males (all P < 0.05). By contrast, no between-site differences in sweat rates were observed in untrained counterparts (all P > 0.05). At the same absolute intensity, higher sweat rates on the control site were observed in trained males relative to the untrained during exercise at 160 (0.23 ± 0.20 and 0.04 ± 0.05 mg·cm-2·min-1 for trained and untrained, respectively) and 180 W (0.40 ± 0.20 and 0.13 ± 0.13 mg·cm-2·min-1, respectively) (all P < 0.05), whereas this between-group difference was not observed at the Propranolol site (all P > 0.05). We show that the β-adrenergic mechanism does modulate sweating during exercise at a submaximal high relative intensity in habitually trained males. The β-adrenergic mechanism may in part contribute to the greater sweat production in habitually trained males than in untrained counterparts during exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated for the first time that the β-adrenergic mechanism does modulate sweating (i.e., β-adrenergic sweating) during exercise using a localized β-adrenoceptor blockade in humans in vivo. β-Adrenergic sweating was evident in habitually trained individuals during exercise at a submaximal high relative intensity (80-90% maximal work). This observation advances our understanding of human thermoregulation during exercise and of the mechanism that underlies sweat gland adaptation to habitual exercise training.2017年07月, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 123(1) (1), 182 - 189, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- This study investigated the influence of dietary inorganic nitrate (NO3-) supplementation on pulmonary O2 uptake (V˙O2) and muscle deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (i.e. deoxy [Hb + Mb]) kinetics during submaximal cycling exercise. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, eight healthy and physically active male subjects completed two step cycle tests at a work rate equivalent to 50% of the difference between the gas exchange threshold and peak V˙O2 over separate 4-day supplementation periods with NO3--rich (BR; providing 8.4 mmol NO3-∙day-1) and NO3--depleted (placebo; PLA) beetroot juice. Pulmonary V˙O2 was measured breath-by-breath and time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy was utilized to quantify absolute deoxy [Hb + Mb] and total [Hb + Mb] within the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the primary deoxy [Hb + Mb] mean response time or amplitude between the PLA and BR trials at each muscle site. BR significantly increased the mean (three-site) end-exercise deoxy [Hb + Mb] (PLA: 91 ± 9 vs. BR: 95 ± 12 μmol/L, P < 0.05), with a tendency to increase the mean (three-site) area under the curve for total [Hb + Mb] responses (PLA: 3650 ± 1188 vs. BR: 4467 ± 1315 μmol/L sec-1, P = 0.08). The V˙O2 slow component reduction after BR supplementation (PLA: 0.27 ± 0.07 vs. BR: 0.23 ± 0.08 L min-1, P = 0.07) correlated inversely with the mean increases in deoxy [Hb + Mb] and total [Hb + Mb] across the three muscle regions (r2 = 0.62 and 0.66, P < 0.05). Dietary NO3- supplementation increased O2 diffusive conductance across locomotor muscles in association with improved V˙O2 dynamics during heavy-intensity cycling transitions.2017年07月, Physiological reports, 5(14) (14), 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- This study investigated the influence of dietary inorganic nitrate (NO3(-)) supplementation on pulmonary O2 uptake (V˙O2) and muscle deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (i.e. deoxy [Hb+Mb]) kinetics during submaximal cycling exercise. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, eight healthy and physically active male subjects completed two step cycle tests at a work rate equivalent to 50% of the difference between the gas exchange threshold and peak (V˙O2) over separate 4-day supplementation periods with (NO3(-))‐rich (BR; providing 8.4mmol (NO3(-))−∙day−1) and (NO3(-)) ‐depleted (placebo; PLA) beetroot juice. Pulmonary (V˙O2) was measured breath-by-breath and time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy was utilized to quantify absolute deoxy [Hb+Mb] and total [Hb+Mb] within the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the primary deoxy [Hb+Mb] mean response time or amplitude between the PLA and BR trials at each muscle site. BR significantly increased the mean (three-site) end-exercise deoxy [Hb+Mb] (PLA: 91 ± 9 vs. BR: 95 ± 12 μmol/L, P < 0.05), with a tendency to increase the mean (three-site) area under the curve for total [Hb + Mb] responses (PLA: 3650 ± 1188 vs. BR: 4467 ± 1315 μmol/L sec−1, P = 0.08). The (V˙O2) slow component reduction after BR supplementation (PLA: 0.27 ± 0.07 vs. BR: 0.23 ± 0.08Lmin(-1), P=0.07) correlated inversely with the mean increases in deoxy [Hb+Mb] and total [Hb+Mb] across the three muscle regions (r(2)=0.62 and 0.66, P<0.05). Dietary (NO3(-))supplementation increased O2 diffusive conductance across locomotor muscles in association with improved (V˙O2) dynamics during heavy-intensity cycling transitions.Wiley, 2017年07月, Physiological Reports, 5(14) (14), e13340, 英語[査読有り]
- 2017年07月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 117(7) (7), 1317 - 1327, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2017年07月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 123(1) (1), 182 - 189, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- The activation of cutaneous vasodilation and sweating are essential to the regulation of core temperature during exercise in the heat. We assessed the effect of graduated compression induced by wearing stockings on cutaneous vasodilation and sweating during exercise in the heat (30°C). On two separate occasions, nine young males exercised for 45 min or until core temperature reached ~1.5°C above baseline resting while wearing either (1) stockings causing graduated compression (graduate compression stockings, GCS), or (2) loose-fitting stockings without compression (Control). Forearm vascular conductance was evaluated by forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) divided by mean arterial pressure to estimate cutaneous vasodilation. Sweat rate was estimated using the ventilated capsule technique. Core and skin temperatures were measured continuously. Exercise duration was similar between conditions (Control: 42.2 ± 3.6 min vs. GCS: 42.2 ± 3.6 min, P = 1.00). Relative to Control, GCS increased forearm vascular conductance during the late stages (≥30 min) of exercise (e.g., at 40 min, 15.6 ± 5.6 vs. 18.0 ± 6.0 units, P = 0.01). This was paralleled by a greater sensitivity (23.1 ± 9.1 vs. 32.1 ± 15.0 units°C-1, P = 0.043) and peak level (14.1 ± 5.1 vs. 16.3 ± 5.7 units, P = 0.048) of cutaneous vasodilation as evaluated from the relationship between forearm vascular conductance with core temperature. However, the core temperature threshold at which an increase in forearm vascular conductance occurred did not differ between conditions (Control: 36.9 ± 0.2 vs. GCS: 37.0 ± 0.3°C, P = 0.13). In contrast, no effect of GCS on sweating was measured (all P > 0.05). We show that the use of GCS during exercise in the heat enhances cutaneous vasodilation and not sweating.2017年05月, Physiological reports, 5(9) (9), 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- PURPOSE: We investigated whether graduated compression induced by stockings enhances cutaneous vasodilation in passively heated resting humans. METHODS: Nine habitually active young men were heated at rest using water-perfusable suits, resulting in a 1.0 °C increase in body core temperature. Heating was repeated twice on separate occasions while wearing either (1) stockings that cause graduated compression (pressures of 26.4 ± 5.3, 17.5 ± 4.4, and 6.1 ± 2.0 mmHg at the ankle, calf, and thigh, respectively), or (2) loose-fitting stockings without causing compression (Control). Forearm vascular conductance during heating was evaluated by forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) divided by mean arterial pressure to estimate heat-induced cutaneous vasodilation. Body core (esophageal), skin, and mean body temperatures were measured continuously. RESULTS: Compared to the Control, forearm vascular conductance during heating was higher with graduated compression stockings (e.g., 23.2 ± 5.5 vs. 28.6 ± 5.8 units at 45 min into heating, P = 0.001). In line with this, graduated compression stockings resulted in a greater sensitivity (27.5 ± 8.3 vs. 34.0 ± 9.4 units °C-1, P = 0.02) and peak level (25.5 ± 5.8 vs. 29.7 ± 5.8 units, P = 0.004) of cutaneous vasodilation as evaluated from the relationship between forearm vascular conductance with mean body temperature. In contrast, the mean body temperature threshold for increases in forearm vascular conductance did not differ between the Control and graduated compression stockings (36.5 ± 0.1 vs. 36.5 ± 0.2 °C, P = 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that graduated compression associated with the use of stockings augments cutaneous vasodilation by modulating sensitivity and peak level of cutaneous vasodilation in relation to mean body temperature. However, the effect of these changes on whole-body heat loss remains unclear.2017年05月, European journal of applied physiology, 117(5) (5), 921 - 929, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2017年05月, Physiological reports, 5(9) (9)[査読有り]
- 日本発汗学会, 2017年04月, 発汗学, 24(1) (1), 2 - 5, 日本語運動時におけるヒトの発汗調節特性
- 日本応用数理学会 ; 1991-, 2017年03月, 応用数理, 27(1) (1), 13 - 20, 日本語[査読有り][招待有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Non-thermal factors (e.g. muscle metaboreflex) contribute to the sweating response during exercise. Although it is well recognized that the sweating responses caused by core temperature elevation in prepubertal children and the elderly are attenuated compared with young adults, it is unknown whether non-thermal sweating is also attenuated in these populations. What is the main finding and its importance? The non-thermal sweating response during isometric hand-grip exercise and isolated muscle metaboreflex were attenuated in prepubertal children compared with young adults in a non-uniform manner over the body, but only during the muscle metaboreflex in the elderly. This may explain the maturation- and ageing-related decline of sweating during exercise. The purpose of the present study was to investigate sweating responses to isometric hand-grip (IH) exercise and muscle metaboreflex in prepubertal children and the elderly. In hot conditions (ambient temperature, 35°C; relative humidity, 45%), 13 healthy young adults, 10 prepubertal children and 10 elderly subjects (aged 20.4 ± 1.2, 11.4 ± 0.5 and 63.5 ± 3.1 years, respectively) repeated a three hand-grip exercise protocol that consisted of 1 min IH exercise at 15, 30 or 45% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) followed by 2 min postexercise forearm occlusion. Local sweat rates (SRs) on the forehead, chest, forearm, thigh and palm were continuously measured (ventilated capsule method). The forehead SR in prepubertal children during IH exercise at 45% MVC was significantly lower than that of young adults (0.26 ± 0.22 and 0.08 ± 0.15 mg cm-2 min-1 for young adults and children, respectively; P < 0.05) but not of the elderly at any exercise intensities. The SR on the chest (0.22 ± 0.22 and -0.01 ± 0.05 mg cm-2 min-1 for young adults and children, respectively), forearm (0.14 ± 0.12 and 0.03 ± 0.04 mg cm-2 min-1 ) and thigh (0.13 ± 0.10 and 0.02 ± 0.03 mg cm-2 min-1 ) during postexercise occlusion at 45% MVC was significantly lower in children than in young adults (P < 0.05). Elderly subjects showed a significantly lower SR on the forearm (0.04 ± 0.04 and 0.01 ± 0.02 mg cm-2 min-1 for young adults and elderly, respectively) and thigh (0.07 ± 0.07 and 0.01 ± 0.03 mg cm-2 min-1 ) at 15% MVC and on the thigh at 45% MVC (0.13 ± 0.10 and 0.04 ± 0.04 mg cm-2 min-1 ) during postexercise occlusion compared with young adults (P < 0.05). These results suggest that sweating responses to IH exercise and muscle metaboreflex were underdeveloped in prepubertal children and that ageing attenuates the response to the muscle metaboreflex in a way that is not consistent across the body.2017年02月, Experimental physiology, 102(2) (2), 214 - 227, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Metaboreceptors can modulate cutaneous blood flow and sweating during heat stress but the mechanisms remain unknown. Fourteen participants (31 ± 13 years) performed 1-min bout of isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise at 60% of their maximal voluntary contraction followed by a 3-min occlusion (OCC), each separated by 10 min, initially under low (LHS, to activate sweating without changes in core temperature) and high (HHS, whole-body heating to a core temperature increase of 1.0°C) heat stress conditions. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate were measured continuously at four forearm skin sites perfused with 1) lactated Ringer's solution (Control), 2) 10 mmol L-NAME [inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS)], 3) 10 mmol Ketorolac [inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)], or 4) 4 mmol theophylline (THEO; inhibits adenosine receptors). Relative to pre-IHG levels with Control, NOS inhibition attenuated the metaboreceptor-mediated increase in sweating under LHS and HHS (P ≤ 0.05), albeit the attenuation was greater under LHS (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, a reduction from baseline was observed with THEO under LHS during OCC (P ≤ 0.05), but not HHS (both P > 0.05). In contrast, CVC was lower than Control with L-NAME during OCC in HHS (P ≤ 0.05), but not LHS (P > 0.05). We show that metaboreceptor activation modulates CVC via the stimulation of NOS and adenosine receptors, whereas NOS, but not COX or adenosine receptors, contributes to sweating at all levels of heating.2017年02月, Physiological reports, 5(3) (3), 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Greater V˙O2peak is correlated with greater skeletal muscle deoxygenation amplitude and hemoglobin concentration within individual muscles during ramp-incremental cycle exercise.It is axiomatic that greater aerobic fitness (V˙O2peak) derives from enhanced perfusive and diffusive O2 conductances across active muscles. However, it remains unknown how these conductances might be reflected by regional differences in fractional O2 extraction (i.e., deoxy [Hb+Mb] and tissue O2 saturation [StO2]) and diffusive O2 potential (i.e., total[Hb+Mb]) among muscles spatially heterogeneous in blood flow, fiber type, and recruitment (vastus lateralis, VL; rectus femoris, RF). Using quantitative time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy during ramp cycling in 24 young participants (V˙O2peak range: ~37.4-66.4 mL kg-1 min-1), we tested the hypotheses that (1) deoxy[Hb+Mb] and total[Hb+Mb] at V˙O2peak would be positively correlated with V˙O2peak in both VL and RF muscles; (2) the pattern of deoxygenation (the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes) during submaximal exercise would not differ among subjects differing in V˙O2peak Peak deoxy [Hb+Mb] and StO2 correlated with V˙O2peak for both VL (r = 0.44 and -0.51) and RF (r = 0.49 and -0.49), whereas for total[Hb+Mb] this was true only for RF (r = 0.45). Baseline deoxy[Hb+Mb] and StO2 correlated with V˙O2peak only for RF (r = -0.50 and 0.54). In addition, the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes were not affected by aerobic fitness. In conclusion, while the pattern of deoxygenation (the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes) did not differ between fitness groups the capacity to deoxygenate [Hb+Mb] (index of maximal fractional O2 extraction) correlated significantly with V˙O2peak in both RF and VL muscles. However, only in the RF did total[Hb+Mb] (index of diffusive O2 potential) relate to fitness.2016年12月, Physiological reports, 4(23) (23), 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2016年10月, PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR, 164, 86 - 92, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Changing stride frequency may influence oxygen uptake and heart rate during running as a function of running economy and central command. This study investigated the influence of stride frequency manipulation on thermoregulatory responses during endurance running. Seven healthy endurance runners ran on a treadmill at a velocity of 15km/h for 60min in a controlled environmental chamber (ambient temperature 27°C and relative humidity 50%), and stride frequency was manipulated. Stride frequency was intermittently manipulated by increasing and decreasing frequency by 10% from the pre-determined preferred frequency. These periods of increase or decrease were separated by free frequency running in the order of free stride frequency, stride frequency manipulation (increase or decrease), free stride frequency, and stride frequency manipulation (increase or decrease) for 15min each. The increased and decreased stride frequencies were 110% and 91% of the free running frequency, respectively (196±6, 162±5, and 178±5steps/min, respectively, P<0.01). Compared to the control, stride frequency manipulation did not affect rectal temperature, heart rate, or the rate of perceived exhaustion during running. Whole-body sweat loss increased significantly when stride frequency was manipulated (1.48±0.11 and 1.57±0.11kg for control and manipulated stride frequencies, respectively, P<0.05), but stride frequency had a small effect on sweat loss overall (Cohen's d=0.31). A higher mean skin temperature was also observed under mixed frequency conditions compared to that in the control (P<0.05). While the precise mechanisms underlying these changes remain unknown (e.g. running economy or central command), our results suggest that manipulation of stride frequency does not have a large effect on sweat loss or other physiological variables, but does increase mean skin temperature during endurance running.2016年10月, Journal of thermal biology, 61, 61 - 66, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2016年10月, JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY, 61, 61 - 66, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2016年09月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科 研究紀要, 第10巻(第1号) (第1号), 77 - 85, 日本語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2016年08月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 311(2) (2), R401 - R409, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2016年07月, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 51, 51 - 51, 英語A study of the relation between Japanese elderly people's satisfaction with their current life and their level of social participation: Based on the role of social networks[査読有り]
- 2016年07月, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 51, 45 - 46, 英語Interventions increase community interactions among elderly adults: Evidence from an urban area in Japan[査読有り]
- (公財)石本記念デサントスポーツ科学振興財団, 2016年06月, デサントスポーツ科学, 37, 154 - 160, 日本語高強度のウォームアップ運動が活動筋の酸素動態に及ぼす影響
- 2016年06月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 310(11) (11), R1332 - R1339, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- (株)文光堂, 2016年03月, 臨床スポーツ医学, 33(3) (3), 313 - 315, 日本語ヒトの体温調節特性を生かしたスポーツウエアの開発
- 2016年, OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XXXVII, 876, 19 - 26, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2016年, Temperature, 3(1) (1), 146 - 160, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- We examined the effects of different fluid temperatures of 5, 15, 25, and 35℃ on thermoregulatory responses during prolonged exercise in the heat because it is speculated that fluid at temperatures of between 5 and 15℃, as recommended by the Japan Sports Association, would have different effects on thermoregulatory parameters. Six men from an university track and field team performed 4 sets of cycling exercise (one set=15-min exercise with a 5-min rest period) at 50%VO2max under conditions of 32℃ and 60% relative humidity. The volume of water provided was 80% of the total sweat rate in the non-drinking (control) trial divided by 4 equal aliquots. The increase in rectal temperature, mean skin temperature and mean body temperature during exercise showed no significant differences across all the fluid temperatures. Similarly, local sweat rate, skin blood flow and cutaneous vascular conductance were similar among the conditions. These results suggest that iso-volumetric fluids with varying temperatures (5-35℃) have no effect on rectal temperature and heat loss responses during prolonged exercise in a hot environment.一般社団法人 日本体育学会, 2016年, 体育学研究, 61(2) (2), 607‐619(J‐STAGE) - 619, 日本語[査読有り]
- 2015年12月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 119(11) (11), 1313 - 1319, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2015年12月, 2015年度応用数学合同研究集会予稿集, 394 - 401, 日本語地域コミュニティの構造変化に対する検定理論研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）
- AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2015年11月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 309(10) (10), R1234 - R1242, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2015年09月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 119(5) (5), 435 - 444, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2015年06月, SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS, 25, 173 - 182, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2015年06月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 118(11) (11), 1435 - 1442, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Novel time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TR-NIRS), with adipose tissue thickness correction, was used to test the hypotheses that heavy priming exercise reduces the V̇O2 slow component (V̇O2SC) (1) by elevating microvascular [Hb] volume at multiple sites within the quadriceps femoris (2) rather than reducing the heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation kinetics. Twelve subjects completed two 6-min bouts of heavy work rate exercise, separated by 6 min of unloaded cycling. Priming exercise induced faster overall V̇O2 kinetics consequent to a substantial reduction in the V̇O2SC (0.27 ± 0.12 vs. 0.11 ± 0.09 L·min(-1), P < 0.05) with an unchanged primary V̇O2 time constant. An increased baseline for the primed bout [total (Hb + Mb)] (197.5 ± 21.6 vs. 210.7 ± 22.5 μmol L(-1), P < 0.01), reflecting increased microvascular [Hb] volume, correlated significantly with the V̇O2SC reduction. At multiple sites within the quadriceps femoris, priming exercise reduced the baseline and slowed the increase in [deoxy (Hb + Mb)]. Changes in the intersite coefficient of variation in the time delay and time constant of [deoxy (Hb + Mb)] during the second bout were not correlated with the V̇O2SC reduction. These results support a mechanistic link between priming exercise-induced increase in muscle [Hb] volume and the reduced V̇O2SC that serves to speed overall V̇O2 kinetics. However, reduction in the heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation kinetics does not appear to be an obligatory feature of the priming response.Wiley, 2015年06月, Physiological Reports, 3(6) (6), e12432 - e12432, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2015年05月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 118(9) (9), 1091 - 1099, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2015年04月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 308(8) (8), R669 - R679, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 地域包括ケアシステム導入に関する活動分析ーその４−本研究報告では、本事業の2年間の運営でまだ解決していない問題や今後の課題を考慮し、引き続き2014年3月から7月までの5ヶ月の事業運営過程を追跡する。その運営過程の中での課題とその対処を整理しながら、岩戸ホームと紫豊館の事業活動がケア24事業を通してどのように変化していくのかを考察することを研究の目的とする。神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2015年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 8(2) (2), 131 - 135, 日本語研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）
- 2, 2015年02月, European journal of applied physiology, 115, 335 - 343[査読有り]
- 2014年12月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 117(11) (11), 1317 - 1324, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2014年11月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 117(10) (10), 1199 - 1206, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 地域包括ケアシステム導入に関する活動分析ーその３−本研究報告では、引き続き2013年4月から翌年2014年2月までの11ヶ月間の事業運営過程を追跡する。この追跡を通じて、試行２年目の運営過程の中で発生した様々な問題点を整理し、それらの問題点に対してどのように対処したのか記録にとどめ、今後の事業展開の参考とすることを目的とする。神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2014年09月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 8(1) (1), 135 - 140, 日本語研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）
- 2014年05月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 306(10) (10), R728 - R734, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2014年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 7(2) (2), 139 - 148, 日本語独居高齢者の実態と生活満足度に関する調査研究[査読有り]研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）
- 2014年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 7(2) (2), 1 - 10, 日本語都市部高齢化地域居住者の運動意欲に関連する要因について[査読有り]研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）
- 地域包括ケアシステム導入に関する活動分析ーその２ー本研究報告は、2012年6月から2013年3月まで、時間経過にそってケア２４の事業活動の中で生じた課題やそれへの対処を追跡した記録である。神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2014年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 7(2) (2), 133 - 138, 日本語研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2013年11月, EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, 98(11) (11), 1585 - 1596, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2013年08月, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(8) (8), 2067 - 2075, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2013年06月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 304(11) (11), H1568 - H1575, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 神戸大学, 2013年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 6(3) (3), 31 - 35, 日本語
- 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2013年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 6(2) (2), 71 - 76, 日本語地域包括ケアシステム導入に関する活動分析研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Acquiring the ability to maintain whole-body integration of physiological-system functions during exercise enabled human beings to evolve exercise tolerance and adaptability to environment, with those who possessed this capability being able to accelerate in an integrated manner their physiological functions whose habitual status is so strongly correlated with health. In modern developed nations, however, the spread of artificial environments and comfortable living and working environments has reduced the adaptive capacity and in particular the endurance work capacity as well as adaptability to environment that human beings had historically acquired, resulting in hypokinetic diseases and maladaptation to heat.日本生理人類学会, 2013年, 日本生理人類学会誌, 18(4) (4), 187 - 191, 日本語
- 2013年01月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 113(1) (1), 51 - 62, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2012年11月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 303(9) (9), R975 - R983, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2012年11月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 113(9) (9), 1388 - 1397, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2012年09月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要, 6(1) (1), 117 - 124, 日本語研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2012年02月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 302(4) (4), R417 - R423, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2012年01月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 112(1) (1), 295 - 307, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2012年01月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 302(1) (1), R94 - R102, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2012年, J Appl Physiol, 110(5):1334-41, 英語Effect of CO₂ on the ventilatory sensitivity to rising body temperature during exercise[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2012年, Proceedings of the 9th International Meeting for Manikins and Modeling, pp.70-75A model of heat and moisture transfer in and around clothing, coupled with a human thermal model for the analysis of the transient state, including the process of sweat evaporation研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）
- 2011年11月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 111(5) (5), 1259 - 1265, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2011年08月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 111(2) (2), 524 - 529, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2011年08月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 301(2) (2), R534 - R541, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2011年08月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, 202(4) (4), 649 - 655, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2011年05月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 110(5) (5), 1334 - 1341, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology, 2011年, Advances in exercise and sports physiology, 17(2) (2), 56 - 56, 英語1-B-03 Effect of pre-exercise core temperature on circadian variation in hyperthermic hyperventilation during exercise(The Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meetings of Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology August 25・26, (Tokushima)) :
- 2011年, 発汗学, 18(2) (2), 80 - 81, 日本語運動時における発汗調節特性とそれを収縮する要因（ワークショップ）[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2011年, 繊維機械学会誌, 64, 25 - 31, 日本語ヒトの発汗調節特性と部位差[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- (株)杏林書院, 2011年, 体育の科学, 61(8) (8), 589 - 594, 日本語エネルギー代謝と運動時の体温調節[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2010年10月, EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, 95(10) (10), 1026 - 1032, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2010年10月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 110(3) (3), 447 - 458, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2010年, 体育の科学, 60, 824-827, 日本語中枢性疲労と体温上昇時の換気亢進反応[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2010年, 自動車技術会秋季大会学術講演会Proceedings, 104-10, 7 - 12, 日本語快適なキャビンを実現するための評価批評の開発[査読有り]研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）
- 2010年, OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XXXI, 662, 225 - 230, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2009年11月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 107(5) (5), 527 - 534, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2009年09月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 297(3) (3), R615 - R621, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2009年06月, デサントスポーツ科学, 第30巻,pp. 33-44, 日本語素材の吸湿性・吸水性の有無がタイトフィットスポーツ ウェア着用時における運動時の衣服内気候に及ぼす影響[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 社団法人日本体育学会, 2009年, 日本体育学会大会予稿集, 60, 142 - 142, 日本語
- 石本記念デサントスポ-ツ科学振興財団事務局, 2009年, デサントスポーツ科学, 30, 156 - 162, 日本語活動筋の酸素供給と消費の過渡応答を非侵襲計測するシステムの開発[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2009年, Global Environmental Research, 13, 35 - 41, 英語Thermoregulatory adaptation in humans and its modifying factors (review).[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2009年01月, EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, 94(1) (1), 90 - 102, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2009年, J Physiol Anthropol, 28(3) (3), 137 - 144, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2009年, Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 28(3) (3), 137 - 144, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 日本体力医学会, 2008年12月, 体力科學, 57(6) (6), 812, 日本語360. 暑熱下運動時における換気亢進反応の深部体温閾値に関する研究(環境,一般口演,第63回日本体力医学会大会)研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）
- 2008年12月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 40(12) (12), 2037 - 2045, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2008年11月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 105(5) (5), 1509 - 1518, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2008年08月, EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, 93(8) (8), 994 - 1001, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2008年06月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 586(11) (11), 2753 - 2766, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2008年06月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 103(3) (3), 367 - 373, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2008年04月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 104(4) (4), 998 - 1005, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2008年01月, Proceeding of 2008 Korean Society of Exercise Physiology Summer Conference,, 1-6, 英語Regulation of blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity during exercise in humans -muscle metaboreflex and arterial baroreflex function-研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）
- 2007年12月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 103(6) (6), 2049 - 2056, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 日本生理人類学会, 2007年11月, Journal of physiological anthropology, 26(6) (6), 610 - 611, 英語2-2 Relationships among Ventilatory Response during Exercise in the Heat, Thermoregulation, and Aerobic Capacity(Proceedings of the 56th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology)研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2007年09月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 101(1) (1), 97 - 103, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2007年07月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 293(1) (1), H416 - H424, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 日本体力医学会, 2007年02月, 体力科學, 56(1) (1), 97 - 97, 日本語
- 社団法人日本体育学会, 2007年, 日本体育学会大会予稿集, 58, 198 - 198, 日本語
- 2007年, MB Derm, 124, 20 - 26, 日本語運動時の発汗と体温調節[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2007年, Environmental Ergonomics, 12, 241 - 244, 英語The effect of non-thermal factors on heat loss responses during exercise in humans.[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2007年, Environmental Ergonomics, 12, 276 - 279, 英語Sex differences in the effects of physical training on sweat gland function.[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2007年, Environmental Ergonomics, 12, 255 - 258, 英語Changes in blood flow in the superficial and deep veins of the upper arm during leg exercise in humans.[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2006年11月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 576(3) (3), 947 - 958, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2006年04月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 290(4) (4), H1419 - H1426, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2006年, J Appl Physiol, 100(2):414-420, 英語Relationship between ventilatory response and body temperature during prolonged submaximal exercise[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2006年01月, EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, 91(1) (1), 103 - 109, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年09月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 95(1) (1), 57 - 64, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 運動時における過度の深部体温上昇は中枢性疲労を起こし，運動パフォーマンスを低下させることが明らかになってきている．したがって，運動時の発汗や皮膚血流反応（熱放散反応）は深部体温をある範囲内に維持するために大変重要である．運動時の熱放散反応は深部体温などの温熱性要因と温度に依存しない非温熱性要因によって調節されており，本総説では熱放散反応に影響する非温熱性要因の特性から運動時の熱放散反応の特徴を概説した．既に汗をかいている状況で動的運動を実施すると深部体温や皮膚温の変化なしに数秒以内に発汗が増加することから，運動時の熱放散反応に対する非温熱性要因の関与が明らかになった．一方，皮膚血流量は動的運動開始時に一過性に減少することが指摘され，これらの反応はいずれも運動強度に依存する．安静時と運動時あるいは運動強度間で深部体温と熱放散反応の関係を比較すると，運動は発汗反応の勾配をいくらか大きくし，一方，皮膚血流反応の血管拡張閾値を上昇させ，また，運動強度が強くなるとその勾配も小さくなる．非温熱性要因として，セントラルコマンド，筋からの求心性入力（筋機械受容器・筋代謝受容器），圧受容器からの入力，浸透圧受容器からの入力，精神性入力などが考えられ，運動時にはこれらの要因が熱放散反応に複合的に作用し，非温熱性要因全体でみるとこの要因は発汗には促進的に，皮膚血流には抑制的に影響すると考えられる．動的運動では筋への血流を確保するために皮膚への血流配分を抑制するが，これにより熱放散量は低下する．しかし，この低下を補うように非温熱性要因が発汗量増加を引き起こしていると考えられる．また，非温熱性要因は深部体温とも相互作用があり，深部体温が大きく変化していないとき，この要因が熱放散反応に及ぼす影響は大きくなることが考えられる．実際の運動時には多くの非温熱性要因が相互に作用しているため，今後は，各要因の相互作用を検討し，運動時の熱放散反応特性をさらに明らかにしていく必要があろう．Japanese Society of Biometeorology, 2005年07月, 日本生気象学会雑誌, 42, 39-53(1) (1), 39 - 53, 日本語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年07月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 94(4) (4), 376 - 385, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年07月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 94(4) (4), 442 - 447, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年06月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 94(3) (3), 292 - 297, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年05月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 288(5) (5), R1347 - R1353, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年, 体力科学, 54, 19 - 20, 日本語体温と運動の機能的連関[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年, 体育の科学, 55, 781 - 787, 日本語運動時の血流量制御[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Human-Environment System, 155 - 159, 英語The effects of non-thermal factors on heat loss responses during exercise in humans.[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年, The Proceedings of 1st Asian Pacific Sports Science Conference 2005, The University of Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia, 英語Heat loss responses during exercise and sports performance (keynote lecture).[査読有り]研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）
- 2005年, American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrated Comparative Physiology (in submit), ,Effects of short-term endurance training on heat loss responses during a moderate exercise at a temperate environment in young women[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年01月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 288(1) (1), R212 - R220, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Human-Environment System, 160 - 163, 英語Change in heat loss responses after three month endurance training in young women.[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2004年11月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 287(5) (5), H2147 - H2153, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2004年08月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 92(4-5) (4-5), 414 - 420, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2004年08月, American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrated Comparative Physiology, 288, R212-220A comparison of oxygen uptake kinetics during knee extension and cycle exercise[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2004年06月, デサントスポーツ科学, 25, 49-61, 日本語環境の湿度変化がスポーツウェア着用時における運動時の体温調節反応に及ぼす影響[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2004年05月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 557(1) (1), 321 - 330, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2004年02月, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 286(2) (2), H701 - H707, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 神戸大学発達科学部, 2004年02月, 神戸大学発達科学部研究紀要, 第11巻第2号, 101p-113p(2) (2), 307 - 319, 日本語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2004年, 体育の科学, 54, 781 - 787, 英語体温上昇と運動パフォーマン[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 杏林書院, 2004年, 体育の科学, 54(10) (10), 797 - 803, 日本語女性の体温調節と運動[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2004年01月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 180(1) (1), 63 - 70, 英語Sweating responses during activation of the muscle metaboreflex in humans is altered by time of day[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2003年12月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 553(3) (3), 999 - 1004, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- American Physiological Society, 2003年07月, American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 285(1) (1), R200 - R207, 英語研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2003年05月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 94(5) (5), 1829 - 1835, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2003年01月, J Appl Physiol., 94(5) (5), 1829-35, 英語Effects of muscle metaboreceptor stimulation on cutaneous blood flow from glabrous and nonglabrous skin in mildly heated humans. 94(5):1829-35, 2003[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2003年01月, EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS, 31(1) (1), 34 - 39, 英語Non-thermoregulatory modulation of sweating in humans[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2003年, American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrated Comparative Physiology, 285, R200-R207Effects of exercise intensity on sweating and skin blood flow responses at the onset of dynamic exercise in mildly heated humans[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2002年11月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 544(3) (3), 939 - 948, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2002年08月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 175(4) (4), 289 - 295, 英語Sweating responses to a sustained static exercise is dependent on thermal load in humans[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2002年04月, JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, 52(2) (2), 229 - 233, 英語Effect of activated sweat glands on the intensity-dependent sweating response to sustained static exercise in mildly heated humans[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Time-of-day effect on nonthermal control of sweating response to maintained static exercise in humans.To investigate the influence of nonthermal factors in the time-of-day effect on the sweating response to maintained static exercise, eight healthy male subjects performed handgrip exercise at 20%, 35% and 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for 60 s at 0600 hours (morning) and at 1800 hours (evening). Oesophageal temperature ( T(oes)) before the experiment showed a diurnal rhythm [mean (SEM)] [36.3 (0.1) (morning) compared to 36.8 (0.1) degrees C (evening), P<0.01]. Experiments were conducted with subjects in a state of mild hyperthermia during which the mean skin temperature ( T(sk)) was kept constant at 35.5-36.5 degrees C using a water-perfused suit to activate sudomotor responses. The T(oes) and mean T(sk)remained stable during the pre-exercise, handgrip exercise and recovery periods. The response in sweating rate (DeltaSR) on the chest and forearm to handgrip exercise increased significantly with increasing exercise intensity in both the morning and evening tests ( P<0.05). The DeltaSR on the palm did not change significantly with increasing exercise intensity in the morning test ( P>0.1). During handgrip exercise at 50% MVC only, DeltaSR on the chest, forearm and palm in the evening was significantly higher than in the morning ( P<0.05). On the other hand, mean arterial blood pressure and the rating of perceived exertion during 50% MVC handgrip exercise were not significantly different between the morning and evening ( P>0.1). These results indicate the presence of a time-of-day effect on nonthermal control of the sweating response to isometric handgrip exercise, and that this effect is dependent on exercise intensity.2002年03月, European journal of applied physiology, 86(5) (5), 388 - 93, 英語, 国際誌研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2002年, Eur J Appl Physiol, 86, 388 - 393, 英語Time of day effect on thermoregulatory responses to sustained static exercise.[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2002年, Exercise Sport Science Review, 31, 34-39The modulation of non-thermoregulatory sweat rate in humans[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2002年, Acta Physiol Scand, 174, 31 - 39, 英語Sweating response to sustained handgrip exercise in physically trained men.[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2001年11月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 173(3) (3), 287 - 295, 英語Effects of rhythmic muscle compression on arterial blood pressure at rest and during dynamic exercise in humans[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2001年07月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 534(2) (2), 605 - 611, 英語Evidence for metaboreceptor stimulation of sweating in normothermic and heat-stressed humans[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2001年05月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 90(5) (5), 1877 - 1881, 英語Function of human eccrine sweat glands during dynamic exercise and passive heat stress[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2001年02月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 90(2) (2), 461 - 468, 英語Effect of muscle mass on Vo(2) kinetics at the onset of work[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2000年05月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 88(5) (5), 1590 - 1596, 英語Effects of exercise intensity on the sweating response to a sustained static exercise[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2000年03月, 兵庫体育・スポーツ科学, 9, 1-13人における運動時の熱放散反応研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2000年, 第21巻デサントスポーツ科学, 日本語人の熱放散反応を改善する可能性がある温度以外の要因[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2000年, 体育・スポーツ科学, 9, 1 - 13, 日本語人における運動時の熱放散反応[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2000年, 小野スポーツ科学, 8, 25 - 34, 日本語運動時の酸素摂取応答動態の個人差を規定する要因[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2000年, 第21巻デサントスポーツ科学, 日本語マイクロダイアリシスを用いた汗腺機能の評価[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1999年10月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 167(2) (2), 105 - 110, 英語Relationship between skin blood flow and sweating rate in prepubertal boys and young men[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1999年07月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 87(1) (1), 253 - 260, 英語Kinetics of oxygen uptake during supine and upright heavy exercise[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1999年06月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 166(2) (2), 123 - 130, 英語Near-infrared monitoring of tissue oxygenation during application of lower body pressure at rest and during dynamical exercise in humans[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1999年03月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 515(2) (2), 591 - 598, 英語Modulation of the thermoregulatory sweating response to mild hyperthermia during activation of the muscle metaboreflex in humans[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 神戸大学, 1999年, 人間科学研究, 7(1) (1), 59 - 69, 日本語身体の適応能-人にしかない，汗のすぐれた機能を中心に-[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 石本記念デサントスポ-ツ科学振興財団事務局, 1999年, デサントスポーツ科学, 20(20) (20), 177 - 183, 日本語光ファイバーを用いた赤外線鼓膜体温計の有用性[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1999年, Kyushu University Press, chapt. 17,, 129-132Recent Advances in Physiological Anthropology. Sato M, Tokura H and Watanuki S, ed., The effect of circadian variation on regional difference in vasomotor response to heat stress.研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1999年, Cooper Publishing Group LLC, , 153-178Exercise, Nutrition and Environmental Stress Volume 1, Nose H, Gisolfi CV and Imaizumi K, ed., The control of sweating rate and skin blood flow during exercise研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1998年10月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 85(4) (4), 1593 - 1594, 英語Effects of muscle temperature on oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise - Reply[査読有り]
- 1998年10月, 人間工学, 34, 247-253赤外線透過ファイバを用いた非接触型鼓膜体温計の開発[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1998年09月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 164(1) (1), 71 - 78, 英語Regional differences in the effect of exercise intensity on thermoregulatory sweating and cutaneous vasodilation[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1998年09月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 85(3) (3), 921 - 926, 英語Continuous measurement of tympanic temperature with a new infrared method using an optical fiber[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 神戸大学, 1998年03月, 神戸大学発達科学部研究紀要, 5(2) (2), 55 - 66, 日本語
- 1998年02月, JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, 48(1) (1), 95 - 98, 英語Control of circadian variation in skin blood flow response to heat stress[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1998年, Cooper Publishing Group LLC, Sec. 6, chapt. 43,, 326-331, 英語The 1997 Nagano symposium on sports sciences. Nose H, Nadel ER and Morimoto T, ed.The effect of density of activated sweat glands and sweat output per gland on the change in sweating rate.研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1998年, Cooper Publishing Group LLC, Sec. 2, chapt. 17,, 139-143, 英語The 1997 Nagano symposium on sports sciences. Nose H, Nadel ER and Morimoto T, ed.1) Effect of altered muscle temperature on oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise,研究論文（学術雑誌）
- The Physiological Society of Japan, 1998年, Japanese Journal of Physiology, 48(1) (1), 95 - 98, 英語[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1997年12月, PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR, 63(1) (1), 1 - 5, 英語Circadian variation in skin blood flow responses to passive heat stress[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1997年11月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 161(3) (3), 397 - 402, 英語Circadian variation of sweating responses to passive heat stress[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1997年10月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 83(4) (4), 1333 - 1338, 英語Effect of increased muscle temperature on oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1997年09月, Journal of Thermal Biology, 22, 351-356Sweating responses to passive and active limb movements[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1997年09月, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 76, 340-345Mechanisms of underdeveloped sweating responses in prepubertal boys[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1997年08月, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 75, 212-218Thermoregulation responses of prepubertal boys and young men during moderate exercise[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1997年04月, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY, 40(2) (2), 99 - 102, 英語The effect of change in skin temperature due to evaporative cooling on sweating response during exercise[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1997年04月, ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 159(4) (4), 327 - 333, 英語Effects of reduced muscle temperature on the oxygen uptake kinetics at the start of exercise[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1996年12月, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 74, 67-71The regional differences in sweating responses between athletes trained on land and in water[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1996年04月, JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, 46(2) (2), 183 - 186, 英語The influence of work loads on regional differences in sweating rates[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1996年04月, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 80(4) (4), 1233 - 1239, 英語Reexamination of tympanic membrane temperature as a core temperature[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1996年02月, ERGONOMICS, 39(2) (2), 225 - 231, 英語The influence of exercise intensity on sweating efficiency of the whole body in a mild thermal condition[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1996年02月, RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY, 103(2) (2), 195 - 202, 英語Kinetics of oxygen uptake and cardiac output at onset of arm exercise[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1, 1996年01月, Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology, 15(1) (1), 1 - 4[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1995年12月, 教育心理学研究, 43, 418-423, 日本語コンピュータゲームが子どもの自律神経系反応に及ぼす影響[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1995年08月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY, 71(2-3) (2-3), 276 - 280, 英語THE EFFECT OF DIURNAL-VARIATION ON THE REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN SWEATING AND SKIN BLOOD-FLOW DURING EXERCISE[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1995年, JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, 45(4) (4), 571 - 581, 英語THE SWEATING RESPONSES OF ATHLETES TRAINED ON LAND AND IN WATER[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1994年05月, 日本生理人類学雑誌, 13, 169-178インピーダンス法による運動中の心拍出量の連続測定－非定常状態における心拍出量応答動態の評価への応用－[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1994年02月, 体力科学, 43, 84-91呼吸数によるAT推定法の限界に関する研究－呼吸と運動リズムとの同期が起こりにくい条件下において－[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1993年10月, 体力科学, 42, 455-460中強度自転車運動初期におけるガス交換動態の日内変動[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 日本教育心理学会, 1993年, 日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集, 35, 546 - 546, 日本語
- 社団法人日本体育学会, 1992年10月, 日本体育学会大会号, (43) (43), 341 - 341, 日本語
- 社団法人日本体育学会, 1992年10月, 日本体育学会大会号, (43) (43), 342 - 342, 日本語
- 1992年, 日本生理人類学雑誌, 11, 443-450流速に応じたニューモタコグラフの補正法の開発－この方法を用いた呼気ガス連続測定システム－[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1991年11月, 日本生理人類学雑誌, 10, 237-242呼吸数によるAT推定の限界に関する研究.[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1991年10月, 日本生気象学会雑誌, 28, 95-106運動時の発汗量の変化に対する中枢機構と末梢機構の関与.[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1991年03月, いばらき体育・スポーツ科学, 5, 58-66反復する環境温の変化に対する皮膚温の応答性について[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1991年02月, 体力科学, 40, 60-63正弦波運動負荷に対するガス交換の応答特性－振幅応答及び位相差応答と有酸素能力との関係について－[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 社団法人日本体育学会, 1989年09月, 日本体育学会大会号, (40) (40), 274 - 274, 日本語
- 社団法人日本体育学会, 1989年09月, 日本体育学会大会号, (40) (40), 258 - 258, 日本語
- 1988年09月, 体育学研究, 33, 145-153乳酸消失からみたクーリング・ダウンの効果に関する研究－間欠的回復運動の場合[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1987年12月, 日本生気象学会雑誌, 24, 135-144汗の拍出頻度よりみた安静時と運動時の発汗調節の比較-非定常状態の場合について-[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1987年08月, 体力科学, 36, 186-194筋ポンプが血液循環動態に及ぼす影響 (第3報)‐LBNP下の運動時に見られるtransientsな循環動態の変化[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1986年10月, 体力科学, 35, 229-240環境温が持久性運動時の体温調節に及ぼす影響－個人差に着目して－[査読有り]研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2023年02月, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 123(2) (2), 419 - 420, 英語速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）
- 2020年07月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 52(17) (17), 207 - 207, 英語Influence Of Body Position On Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake And Muscle Deoxygenation Kinetics During Cycle Exercise研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）
- 2020年07月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 52(17) (17), 207 - 208, 英語Influence Of Priming Exercise On Muscle Deoxygenation Kinetics During Upright And Supine Cycle Exercise研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）
- 2020年07月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 52(17) (17), 208 - 208, 英語Contrasting Patterns Of Respiratory And Locomotor Muscle Deoxygenation And Total Hemoglobin During Incremental Ramp Cycling研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）
- 2018年05月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 50(5) (5), 591 - 591, 英語Effect Of Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation On O-2 Uptake And Quadriceps Deoxygenation During The Onset And Offset Of Exercise.研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）
- 2018年05月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 50(5) (5), 507 - 508, 英語Do Contrasting Recruitment Patterns Underlie The Different Patterns Of Muscle Deoxygenation And Hemoglobin Response In Quadriceps Muscles?研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）
- 2016年06月, 大阪ガスグループ福祉財団研究報告書, 29, 33 - 38, 日本語音楽を用いたグループ・エクササイズがシニア世代のコミュニケーション・ネットワークに及ぼす効果速報，短報，研究ノート等（大学，研究機関紀要）
- 2016年05月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 48(5) (5), 14 - 14, 英語研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）
- 2015年, 体力科学, 64(6) (6)前腕部における筋代謝受容器活動が自転車運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響
- 2014年05月, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, 33, 英語研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）
- 2014年, 日本生理人類学会誌, 19筋代謝受容器活動が安静温熱負荷時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響
- 2012年, 体力科学, 61(6) (6)筋からの複合的な求心性入力が発汗反応に及ぼす影響
- 2011年, 日本運動生理学会大会プログラム・抄録集, 19th安静加温時における動脈血圧反応と換気亢進反応との関係
- NAP, 2010年, 体温II-体温調節システムとその適応, 72 - 97運動に関わる要因と熱放散システム
- 2009年, 健康食品管理士会報, 4(3) (3), 1 - 8, 日本語運動とエネルギー消費[査読有り]その他
- 日本体力医学会, 2008年12月01日, 体力科學, 57(6) (6), 810 - 810, 日本語356. 運動トレーニングが運動時の深部体温上昇に伴う換気充進反応に及ぼす影響(環境,一般口演,第63回日本体力医学会大会)
- 2008年05月, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 40(5) (5), S335 - S335, 英語Blood Flow Responses In Conduit Vessels Of The Inactive Limb During Passive Heating And Exercise研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2008年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 27(2) (2), 112 - 112, 英語2-3 Heterogeneity of Quadriceps Muscle Deoxygenation Kinetics during Exercise(Proceedings of the 57th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2008年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 27(2) (2), 114 - 114, 英語2-10 Femoral Artery Blood Flow during Knee-extension Exercise in Older Men(Proceedings of the 57th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- 日本体力医学会, 2007年12月01日, 体力科學, 56(6) (6), 721 - 721, 日本語286. CO_2吸入が暑熱下運動時における体温上昇に伴う換気反応や脳血流反応に及ぼす影響(環境,第62回日本体力医学大会)
- 日本体力医学会, 2007年12月01日, 体力科學, 56(6) (6), 725 - 725, 日本語294. 摂取する水温差が高温下運動中における循環・体温調節反応に及ぼす影響(環境,第62回日本体力医学大会)
- 日本体力医学会, 2007年12月01日, 体力科學, 56(6) (6), 722 - 722, 日本語287. 安静時における深部体温上昇に伴う換気亢進と化学受容器換気調節及び脳血流の関係(環境,第62回日本体力医学大会)
- 日本体力医学会, 2007年12月01日, 体力科學, 56(6) (6), 653 - 653, 日本語150. 安静温熱負荷時と脚運動時における上腕部静脈の血流応答特性(呼吸・循環,第62回日本体力医学会大会)
- 2007年03月, MB Derma, 124: 20-20, 日本語運動時の発汗と体温調節記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）
- 2007年, 日本生理人類学会誌, 12暑熱下運動時における換気反応と体温調節反応や有酸素運動能力との関係
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2007年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 26(6) (6), 610 - 610, 英語1-17 Sweat Responses of Older and Young Women during Passive Heat Exposure(Proceedings of the 56th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2007年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 26(2) (2), 271 - 271, 英語S07-1 Non-Thermal Factors Associated with Exercise Modify Heat Loss Responses in Humans(Proceedings of The 8th International Congress of Physiological Anthropology) :
- 日本体力医学会, 2006年12月01日, 体力科學, 55(6) (6), 751 - 751, 日本語346. 運動時における上腕部の動脈および静脈の血流応答特性(環境, 第61回 日本体力医学会大会)
- 日本体力医学会, 2006年12月01日, 体力科學, 55(6) (6), 747 - 747, 日本語337. 長時間間欠運動時におけるヒトの体温調節反応(環境, 第61回 日本体力医学会大会)
- 日本体力医学会, 2006年12月01日, 体力科學, 55(6) (6), 747 - 747, 日本語338. 安静時の体温上昇に伴う脳血流低下及ぼす換気亢進の影響(環境, 第61回 日本体力医学会大会)
- (一社)日本体力医学会, 2006年12月, 体力科学, 55(6) (6), 748 - 748, 日本語
- 2006年, 日本生理人類学会誌, 11体温上昇に伴う脳血流低下に及ぼす換気亢進の影響
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(6) (6), 387 - 388, 英語1-15 Thresholds of Skin Sensitivity to Warm and Cold in Older Men(Proceedings of the 55th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(6) (6), 389 - 389, 英語1-23 Blood Flow Responses in Upper Arm Veins and Forearm Cutaneous Vessels during Exercise(Proceedings of the 55th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(6) (6), 386 - 386, 英語1-10 The Effect of Hyperventilation on Reduction of Cerebral Blood Flow Induced by the Increase in Body Temperature(Proceedings of the 55th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(6) (6), 387 - 387, 英語1-14 Effect of Aging on Brachial and Femoral Artery Blood Flow during Passive Heating(Proceedings of the 55th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(6) (6), 388 - 388, 英語1-16 Aging Process of Sweating Mechanisms(Proceedings of the 55th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2006年, Journal of physiological anthropology, 25(2) (2), 200 - 200, 英語Sex Differences in Effects of Physical Training on Sweat Gland Function (Proceedings of the 54th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- 日本体力医学会, 2005年12月01日, 体力科學, 54(6) (6), 492 - 492, 日本語147.筋代謝受容器刺激時における末梢血管調節に関する研究 : 末梢血管抵抗の自発性変動に注目して(呼吸・循環,一般口演,第60回 日本体力医学会大会)
- 日本体力医学会, 2005年12月01日, 体力科學, 54(6) (6), 569 - 569, 日本語301.非温熱性要因が長時間運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響(環境,一般口演,第60回 日本体力医学会大会)
- 日本体力医学会, 2005年12月01日, 体力科學, 54(6) (6), 571 - 571, 日本語306.運動時における体温上昇に伴う換気亢進反応と有酸素運動能力との関係(環境,一般口演,第60回 日本体力医学会大会)
- (一社)日本体力医学会, 2005年12月, 体力科学, 54(6) (6), 569 - 569, 日本語
- 人間-生活環境系学会, 2005年09月12日, 人間-生活環境系シンポジウム報告集, 5, 36 - 36, 英語S-601 Change in Heat Loss Responses after Three Month Endurance Training in Young Women
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2005年, Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science, 24(5) (5), 564 - 564, 英語2-15 Effects of Menstrual Cycle and Physical Training on Heat Loss Responses during Dynamic Exercise at Moderate Intensity in a Temperate Environment(Proceedings of the 53rd Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2005年, Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science, 24(2) (2), 195 - 195, 英語2-12 Effects of Menstrual Cycle and Physical Training on Heat Loss Responses during Dynamic Exercise at Moderate Intensity in a Temperate Environment : 2-12 Effects of Menstrual Cycle and Physical Training on Heat Loss Responses during Dynamic Exercise at Moderate Intensity in a Temperate Environment
- 日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 711 - 711, 日本語ハンドグリップ運動時における動脈圧受容器反射調節の経時的変化 : 筋交感神経活動からみて(呼吸・循環, 第59回日本体力医学会大会)
- 日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 796 - 796, 日本語運動トレーニングに伴う発汗機能の亢進に性差はあるのか?(環境, 第59回日本体力医学会大会)
- 日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 799 - 799, 英語Effect of ambient temperature on ions reabsorption capacity of the sweat gland during exercise in humans
- 日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 798 - 798, 日本語縦断的持久性運動トレーニングが若年女性の運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響(環境, 第59回日本体力医学会大会)
- 日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 789 - 789, 日本語運動時の深部体温上昇に伴う換気亢進と体温上昇割合の関係(環境, 第59回日本体力医学会大会)
- 日本体力医学会, 2004年12月01日, 体力科學, 53(6) (6), 794 - 794, 日本語温熱ストレス時における上腕動脈と尺側皮静脈血流量の関係(環境, 第59回日本体力医学会大会)
- 2004年03月, 科学研究費補助金（基盤研究 B1）研究成果報告書, , 全251p(1p-7p,137p-164p,213p-2, 日本語新世紀の地域一体型老人介護施設における自立支援介護サービスの開発とその評価その他
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2004年, Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science, 23(5) (5), 173 - 173, 英語1-4 Effects of Physical Training on Heat Loss Responses during Passive Heating in Young Women(Proceedings of the 51st Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 2004年, Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science, 23(2) (2), 62 - 62, 英語2-7 Dynamics of Muscle Oxygen Consumption and Blood Flow at Exercise Onset(Proceedings of the 50th Meeting of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology) :
- 日本体力医学会, 2003年12月01日, 体力科學, 52(6) (6), 893 - 893, 日本語357. 起立性ストレス下での筋交感神経活動と心拍調節の関係(呼吸・循環)
- 日本体力医学会, 2003年12月01日, 体力科學, 52(6) (6), 887 - 887, 日本語346. 異なる2種類の陽圧呼吸法が循環系に及ぼす影響(呼吸・循環)
- 日本体力医学会, 2003年12月01日, 体力科學, 52(6) (6), 720 - 720, 日本語12. 深部体温と皮膚温が筋交感神経活動へ及ぼす影響(環境)
- 日本体力医学会, 2003年12月01日, 体力科學, 52(6) (6), 722 - 722, 日本語15. 運動トレーニングが若年女性の運動強度と汗腺活動の関係に及ぼす影響(環境)
- 日本体力医学会, 2003年12月01日, 体力科學, 52(6) (6), 910 - 910, 日本語392. 運動時の発汗反応に貢献するセントラルコマンドと代謝性の筋からの求心性入力(体液・内分泌)
- 2003年10月01日, 日本生気象学会雑誌, 40(3) (3), S48, 日本語常温環境下での中等度運動時における若年女性の熱放散反応特性 : 女性ホルモンおよび体力レベルの影響
- 2003年, 日本運動生理学会大会プログラム・抄録集, 11th心肺圧受容器減負荷時における頚動脈圧受容器反射の動的特性に関する研究
- Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology, 2003年, Advances in exercise and sports physiology, 9(4) (4), 187 - 187, 英語2P16 Modulation of arterial baroreflex dynamic response during orthostatic stress in humans :
- 日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 599 - 599, 日本語113.暑熱環境下の運動における活動部位冷却に関する研究(呼吸・循環)
- 日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 678 - 678, 日本語272.持久性運動トレーニング者と非トレーニング者の高温環境下における動的運動開始時の熱放散反応特性(環境)
- 日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 677 - 677, 日本語270.寒冷環境下における体温調節反応の性周期・性差(環境)
- 日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 681 - 681, 日本語277.性周期および運動トレーニングが常温環境下での運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響(環境)
- 日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 681 - 681, 英語278.DIFFERENCES OF SWEATING PATTERN BY SIMULTANEOUSLY MEASURING SWEAT RATE AND SINGLE-SWEAT-GLAND ACTIVITY DURING EXERCISE IN HUMANS
- 日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 682 - 682, 日本語280.温熱負荷時におけるヒトの皮膚交感神経活動と熱放散反応との対応関係(環境)
- 日本体力医学会, 2002年12月, 体力科學, 51(6) (6), 684 - 684, 日本語284.運動トレーニングが皮膚血流量と発汗量の対応関係に及ぼす影響(環境)
- 2002年10月01日, 日本生気象学会雑誌, 39(3) (3), S40, 日本語「冷え性」申告者の耐寒反応
- Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology, 2002年, Advances in exercise and sports physiology, 8(4) (4), 168 - 168, 英語1P9 The effect of muscle metaboreflex on arterial baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity :
- Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology, 2002年, Advances in exercise and sports physiology, 8(4) (4), 162 - 162, 英語2F3 The relationships between heat loss responses and exercise intensity at the onset of dynamic exercise in a warm environment :
- 日本体力医学会, 2001年12月01日, 体力科學, 50(6) (6), 813 - 813, 日本語161.筋代謝受容器反射活性時における頚動脈圧受容器反射を介した筋交感神経活動の調節(【呼吸・循環】)
- 日本体力医学会, 2001年12月01日, 体力科學, 50(6) (6), 816 - 816, 日本語168.近赤外分光画像法による指静脈の可視化と末梢循環動態の計測(【呼吸・循環】)
- 日本体力医学会, 2001年12月01日, 体力科學, 50(6) (6), 899 - 899, 日本語333.運動トレーニングが若年女性の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響(【環境】)
- 日本体力医学会, 2000年12月01日, 体力科學, 49(6) (6), 899 - 899, 日本語466.暑熱下における皮膚血流量反応の性周期・性差
- 日本体力医学会, 2000年12月01日, 体力科學, 49(6) (6), 897 - 897, 日本語462.思春期前児童における運動時の発汗・皮膚血流量反応
- 日本体力医学会, 2000年12月01日, 体力科學, 49(6) (6), 897 - 897, 日本語461.発汗能の性周期・性差
- 日本体力医学会, 2000年12月01日, 体力科學, 49(6) (6), 898 - 898, 日本語464.Normothermia時の発汗反応に影響する非温熱性要因
- Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology, 2000年, Advances in exercise and sports physiology, 6(4) (4), 190 - 190, 英語The effect of endurance training on heat loss responses to isometric handgrip exercise in humans :
- 日本体力医学会, 1999年12月01日, 体力科學, 48(6) (6), 803 - 803, 日本語182.高齢者における運動強度の増大に伴う発汗反応の変化
- 日本体力医学会, 1998年12月01日, 体力科學, 47(6) (6), 951 - 951, 日本語498.筋代謝受容器からの求心性入力が発刊反応に及ぼす影響
- 日本体力医学会, 1998年12月01日, 体力科學, 47(6) (6), 880 - 880, 日本語356.発汗開始時と定常状態時の発汗反応に及ぼす非温熱性要因の影響
- 日本体力医学会, 1997年12月01日, 体力科學, 46(6) (6), 910 - 910, 日本語596.アイソメトリックハンドグリップ運動に対する発汗反応
- 日本体力医学会, 1997年12月01日, 体力科學, 46(6) (6), 906 - 906, 日本語588.赤外線透過ファイバを用いた非接触型鼓膜体温計の妥当性の検討
- 日本体力医学会, 1997年12月01日, 体力科學, 46(6) (6), 857 - 857, 日本語490.発汗量の増加に伴う汗腺数と単一汗腺あたりの汗出力の変化
- 日本体力医学会, 1996年12月01日, 体力科學, 45(6) (6), 759 - 759, 日本語310.発汗量および皮膚血流量の身体部位差と運動強度
- 日本運動生理学会事務局, 1995年, 日本運動生理学雑誌, 2(1) (1), 48 - 48, 日本語33. 運動時における思春期前児童の体温調節反応特性
- 神戸大学, 1995年, 人間科学研究, 3(1) (1), 99 - 108, 日本語子供の体温調節特性
- 神戸大学, 1995年, 人間科学研究, 3(1) (1), 1 - 6, 英語精神性負荷と運動負荷では自律神経系反応が異なるのか?
- 日本体力医学会, 1994年12月01日, 体力科學, 43(6) (6), 684 - 684, 日本語356.暑熱環境下における児童の皮膚血流量
- 生理人類学研究会, 1994年, The Annals of physiological anthropology, 13(2) (2), 89 - 89, 英語腕運動における非定常状態の心拍出量応答動態 : 一般口演 : 生理人類学会第31回大会
- 神戸大学, 1994年, 人間科学研究, 2(1) (1), 1 - 7, 日本語ワープロ作業下におけるストレス反応
- 日本体力医学会, 1993年12月01日, 体力科學, 42(6) (6), 797 - 797, 日本語461.インピーダンスカルジオグラフィによる運動中の心拍出量応答動態の評価
- 神戸大学, 1993年03月, 神戸大学教育学部研究集録, 90, 43 - 47, 日本語呼吸パターンが漸増負荷運動時の呼吸ガスパラメータに及ぼす影響について(第2報) : AT前後で呼吸パターンをを変化させた場合
- 神戸大学, 1993年03月, 神戸大学教育学部研究集録, 90, 49 - 52, 日本語呼吸パターンが漸増負荷運動時の呼吸ガスパラメーター及ぼす影響(第2報) : AT前後で呼吸パターンを変化させた場合
- 神戸大学教育学部, 1993年03月, 神戸大学教育学部研究集録, (90) (90), p43 - 47, 日本語呼吸パタ-ンが漸増負荷運動時の吸気ガスパラメ-タ-に及ぼす影響について-1-
- 生理人類学研究会, 1993年, The Annals of physiological anthropology, 12(2) (2), 118 - 118, 英語Evaluation of acomputer controlled-system for assessing respiratory gas exchange using this method : Development of a New Method for Calibration of Pueumotachograph According to Flow Rate :
- 日本体力医学会, 1992年12月01日, 体力科學, 41(6) (6), 765 - 765, 日本語229.運動時の発汗調節に影響する要因に関する研究 : 深部体温上昇率を等しくした場合について
- 日本体力医学会, 1991年12月01日, 体力科學, 40(6) (6), 568 - 568, 日本語光電容積計による血圧動態変数計測上の問題
- 生理人類学研究会, 1991年, The Annals of physiological anthropology, 10(2) (2), 118 - 119, 英語16.水中でトレーニングしている者と陸上でトレーニングしている者の発汗調節の比較 : 汗の露出頻度を用いて : 生理人類学会第25回大会
- 生理人類学研究会, 1991年, The Annals of physiological anthropology, 10(4) (4), 251 - 251, 英語9.腕運動におけるガス交換動態 : 生理人類学会第26回大会
- 神戸大学, 1990年09月, 神戸大学教育学部研究集録, 85, 123 - 131, 日本語常温環境下における運動時の発汗効率に関する研究 : 運動強度の影響について
- 日本体力医学会, 1990年04月01日, 体力科學, 39(2) (2), 151 - 152, 日本語13.環境温の変化に対する皮膚温の追従性について : 第87回 日本体力医学会関東地方会
- 日本体力医学会, 1989年12月01日, 体力科學, 38(6) (6), 482 - 482, 日本語232.陸上でトレーニングしている者と水中でトレーニングしている者の運動時発汗調節の比較 : 生物科学III (環境・訓練,管理など)
- 日本体力医学会, 1988年12月01日, 体力科學, 37(6) (6), 533 - 533, 日本語105. 長時間運動中に起こる心周期分画の変動(第2報) : 心臓に関する生理科学的研究
- 日本体力医学会, 1987年12月01日, 体力科學, 36(6) (6), 346 - 346, 日本語10. 運動の開始,終了及び強度の変化に伴って起こる心周期分画のTRANSIENTな変動 : 運動生理学的研究I : 第42回日本体力医学会大会
- 筑波大学体育科学系, 1986年03月, 筑波大学体育科学系紀要, (9) (9), p151 - 158, 日本語乳酸消失からみたク-リング・ダウンに関する研究--特に漸減強度の回復期運動の効果について
- 日本体力医学会, 1985年12月01日, 体力科學, 34(6) (6), 401 - 401, 日本語79.ウォーミング・アップが運動時血中乳酸値に及ぼす影響 : 運動生理学的研究I : 第40回日本体力医学会大会
- 日本体力医学会, 1984年12月01日, 体力科學, 33(6) (6), 373 - 373, 日本語97.筋のポンプ作用に関する研究 : 下半身陰圧負荷に対する自転車運動の影響からみた考察 : 運動生理学的研究I
- その他, 南江堂, 2019年03月, 日本語健康運動指導士養成講習会テキスト上巻 環境と運動（1）（2）教科書・概説・概論
- 共著, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2015年06月, 日本語アクティブ・エイジング・プロジェクト縦断調査報告書〜大学による介入プログラムの効果〜調査報告書
- 共著, 大学教育出版, 2007年04月, 日本語キーワード 人間と発達［増補改訂版］ III. 行動と健康学術書
- 最新スポーツ科学事典, 2006年09月, 日本語体温調節その他
- 共著, ナカニシヤ, 2005年06月高齢者の発達を支援する環境づくり，城 仁士編集，生理学的適応からみた高齢者の温度環境学術書
- 共著, 大学教育出版, 2005年04月, 日本語キーワード 人間と発達 III. 行動と健康学術書
- 共著, Cooper Publishing Group LLC, 2004年Measuring PO2 kinetics: the practicalities. In Kinetics in Sport, Exercise and Medicine, Jones AM and Pool DC ed学術書
- 共著, 文光堂, 2004年01月健康スポーツ科学，浅野勝己，田中喜代次編集，体温調節と運動・スポーツ学術書
- 共著, Cooper Publishing Group LLC, 2003年Exercise, Nutrition and Environmental Stress Volume 1, Nose H, Gisolfi CV and Imaizumi K, ed., Pulmonary and muscle oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise,学術書
- 共著, ナップ, 2002年09月体温－運動時の体温調節システムとそれを修飾する要因学術書
- 共著, 講談社, 2002年05月使えるスポーツサイエンス, 征矢英昭，本山 貢，石井好二郎編集，分担：スポーツと体温学術書
- 単著, 真興交易医書, 2001年新運動生理学 (上下巻)，宮村実晴編集，分担：運動と体温学術書
- 共著, 朝倉書店, 1997年03月身体機能の調節性，池上 晴夫編集，分担：運動と発汗調節学術書
- 共著, 技報道, 1996年10月人間科学計測ハンドブック，分担：発汗（ヒトの代謝，呼吸，循環，体温調節機能)学術書
- 共著, Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 1996年01月Pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in nonsteady state学術書
- 第61回日本老年社会科学会大会, 2019年06月, 日本語, 国内会議就業とワーク・エンゲイジメントが中高齢夫婦の精神的健康に及ぼす影響ポスター発表
- 第73回日本体力医学会大会, 2018年09月, 日本語, 国内会議中高齢者における家事・仕事時間と運動・身体活動量との関連：横断分析および縦断分析口頭発表（一般）
- 日本心理学会第82回大会, 2018年09月, 日本語, 国内会議運動・身体活動の実践が高齢夫婦の精神的健康と夫婦関係に及ぼす影響ポスター発表
- 日本応用数理学会2018年度年会, 2018年09月, 日本語, 愛知, 国内会議アンケートデータを用いた交流ネットワーク推定手法口頭発表（一般）
- 第26日本発汗学会総会, 2018年07月, 日本語, 国内会議進化の過程で獲得した汗の役割公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等
- 第26回日本発汗学会総会, 2018年07月, 日本語, 国内会議運動時における発汗調節研究のこれまでとこれから口頭発表（招待・特別）
- 第60回日本老年社会科学会大会, 2018年06月, 日本語, 国内会議中高齢夫婦における身体活動・座位行動の相互関連性口頭発表（一般）
- 第18回日本健康支援学会年次学術大会, 2017年03月, 日本語, 東京工業大学, 国内会議外出が高齢者の健康関連Quality of Lifeに及ぼす影響口頭発表（一般）
- 社会心理学会第57回大会, 2016年09月, 日本語, 関西学院大学, 国内会議QOLの規定因に関する世代間比較：物質的豊かさの不足を補う要因に関する検討ポスター発表
- 31st International Conference of Psychology (ICP2016), 2016年07月, 英語, Yokohama, 国際会議Interventions increase community interactions among elderly adults: Evidence from an urban area in Japan.ポスター発表
- 31st International Conference of Psychology (ICP2016), 2016年07月, 英語, Yokohama, 国際会議A study of the relation between Japanese elderly people's satisfaction with their current life and their level of social participation: Based on the role of social networks.ポスター発表
- 日本応用数理学会第12回研究部会連合発表会, 2016年03月, 日本語, 神戸学院大学, 国内会議地域コミュニティ構造の変化と改善に対する統計解析手法口頭発表（一般）
- 応用数学合同研究集会, 2015年12月, 日本語, 龍谷大学, 国内会議地域コミュニティの構造変化に対する検定理論口頭発表（一般）
- 日本老年社会科学会第57回大会, 2015年06月, 日本語, 国内会議地域高齢者を対象とした健康教室による参加者間交流ネットワーク形成に関する研究ポスター発表
- 日本社会心理学会, 2014年11月, 日本語, 北海道大学, 国内会議地域住民における世代間交流志向の関連要因口頭発表（一般）
- 老年社会科学会第56回大会, 2014年06月, 日本語, 国内会議高齢期の生産的活動と主観的健康ポスター発表
- The 20th IAGG World Congress of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2013年06月, 英語, 国際会議THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON ACTIVE AGING IN JAPANESE COMMUNITY RESIDENTS: THE FOCUS ON LISTENING MUSIC AND MUSICAL ATTITUDEポスター発表
- 第61回日本体力医学会大会, 2007年09月, 日本語, 神戸市, 国内会議長時間間欠運動時におけるヒトの体温調節反応ポスター発表
- 生体医工学シンポジウム2007, 2007年09月, 日本語, 北海道大学, 国内会議近赤外分光法による活動筋酸素摂取動態測定に対する高強度運動の影響ポスター発表
- 12th International Conference for Enviromental Ergonomics, 2007年08月, 英語, Slovenia, 国際会議The effect of non-thermal factors on heat loss responses during exercise in humans口頭発表（招待・特別）
- 人間-生活環境系学会『屋外熱環境デザイン研究委員会第２回研究交流会』, 2007年03月, 日本語, 神戸大学, 国内会議運動時からみた人の熱放散特性[招待有り]口頭発表（招待・特別）
- 体温調節、温度受容研究会, 2007年01月, 日本語, 自然科学研究機構, 国内会議運動に関わる要因がヒトの熱放散反応に及ぼす影響口頭発表（一般）
- 1st Asian Pacific Sports Science Conference 2005, The University of Malaysia Sabah, 2005年09月, Malaysia,, 国際会議Heat loss responses during exercise and sports performance (keynote lecture口頭発表（招待・特別）
- 3rd International Conference on the Human-Environment System, 2005年07月, 東京, 日本, 国際会議The effects of non-thermal factors on heat loss responses during exercise (keynote lecture)口頭発表（招待・特別）
- 第13回運動生理学会, 2005年06月, 東京, 日本, 国内会議運動時の循環・体温調節特性とスポーツウエア口頭発表（招待・特別）
- Department of Kinesiology, University of West Ontario, 2005年03月, Canada,, 国際会議The effects of non-thermal factors on heat loss responses during exercise口頭発表（招待・特別）
- 第59回日本体力医学会, 2004年09月, 埼玉, 日本, 国内会議体温と運動の機能的連関 (教育講座：近藤徳彦, 彼末一之)口頭発表（招待・特別）
- 日本家政学会 第56回大会, 2004年08月, 日本語, 日本家政学会, 京都, 日本, 国内会議Tシャツの材料特性の違いが、異なる湿度環境下での体温調節反応に及ぼす影響ポスター発表
- 日本繊維製品消費科学会2004年年次大会, 2004年06月, 日本語, 日本繊維製品消費科学会, 大阪, 日本, 国内会議Tシャツの材料特性の違いが、異なる湿度環境下での衣服内環境に及ぼす影響口頭発表（一般）
- American College of Sports Medicine 51th Annual Meeting, 2004年, ,, 国際会議Heat loss responses at the onset of dynamic exercise in endurance-trained men under mildly heated conditionsポスター発表
- American College of Sports Medicine 51th Annual Meeting, 2004年, ,, 国際会議Effects of ambient temperature on sweat conductivity during exercise in humansポスター発表
- 第17回運動と体温の会研究会, 2003年07月, 名古屋,, 国内会議運動時の熱放散反応とその調節口頭発表（招待・特別）
- 第58回日本体力医学会, 2003年, 静岡,, 国内会議深部体温と皮膚温が筋交感神経活動に及ぼす影響ポスター発表
- 第58回日本体力医学会, 2003年, 静岡,, 国内会議起立性ストレス下での筋交感神経活動と心拍調節の関係ポスター発表
- 第58回日本体力医学会, 2003年, 静岡,, 国内会議運動時の発汗反応に貢献するセントラルコマンドと代謝性の筋からの求心性入力ポスター発表
- 第58回日本体力医学会, 2003年, 静岡,, 国内会議運動トレーニングが若年女性の運動強度と汗腺活動の関係に及ぼす影響ポスター発表
- 第58回日本体力医学会, 2003年, 静岡,, 国内会議異なる2種類の陽圧呼吸法が循環系に及ぼす影響ポスター発表
- American College of Sports Medicine 50th Annual Meeting, 2003年, ,, 国際会議Changes in sweat rate and sweat conductivity during passive heating in humansポスター発表
- American College of Sports Medicine 50th Annual Meeting, 2003年, ,, 国際会議Changes in skin sympathetic nerve activity and heat loss responses to passive heating in humans口頭発表（一般）
- 第11回日本運動生理学会, 2002年03月, ,, 国内会議運動と体温 (司会と演者) 運動時の熱放散反応とその調節口頭発表（招待・特別）
- 第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議性周期および運動トレーニングが常温環境下での運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響ポスター発表
- 第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議暑熱環境下の運動における活動部位冷却に関する研究ポスター発表
- 第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議持久性運動トレーニング者と非トレーニング者の高温環境下における動的運動開始時の熱放散反応特性ポスター発表
- 第10回日本運動生理学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議高温環境下における動的運動開始時の熱放散反応と運動強度との関係口頭発表（一般）
- 第10回日本運動生理学会, 2002年, 国内会議筋代謝受容器反射が動脈圧受容器反射による筋交感神経活動調節に及ぼす影響口頭発表（一般）
- 第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議寒冷環境下における体温調節反応の性周期・性差ポスター発表
- 第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, ,, 国内会議温熱負荷時におけるヒトの皮膚交感神経活動と熱放散反応との対応関係ポスター発表
- American College of Sports Medicine 49th Annual Meeting, 2002年, 国際会議Effects of muscle metaboreceptor stimulation on skin blood flow in glabrous and non-glabrous skin during mild heating in humansポスター発表
- 第57回日本体力医学会, 2002年, 国内会議Differences of sweating pattern by simultaneously measuring sweat rate and single-sweat-gland activity during exercise in humansポスター発表
- 56回日本体力医学会, 2001年, ,, 国内会議近赤外分光画像法による指静脈の可視化と末梢循環動態の計測ポスター発表
- 第56回日本体力医学会第, 2001年, ,, 国内会議筋代謝受容器反射活性時における頸動脈圧受容器反射を介した筋交感神経活動の調節ポスター発表
- 第56回日本体力医学会, 2001年, ,, 国内会議運動トレーニングが若年女性の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響ポスター発表
- International Thermal Physiology Symposium, 2001年, ,, 国際会議The effect of pedaling rate on thermoregulatory responses to dynamic cycle exercise in humansポスター発表
- American College of Sports Medicine 48th Annual Meeting, 2001年, ,, 国際会議Sweating responses during activation of the muscle metaboreflex in endurance trained humanポスター発表
- American College of Sports Medicine 47th Annual Meeting, 2000年09月, ,, 国際会議The effect of endurance training on sweating responses to sustained static exercise in humansポスター発表
- 第8回日本運動生理学会, 2000年, ,, 国内会議持久性トレーニングが静的掌握運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響口頭発表（一般）
- American College of Sports Medicine 47th Annual Meeting, 2000年, ,, 国際会議The time of day effect on sweating response during activation of muscle metaboreflexポスター発表
- The Integrative Biology of Exercise, American Physiology Society Intersociety Meeting, 2000年, ,, 国際会議The dependence of activated sweat glands on changing sweating rate during sustained static exercise in humansポスター発表
- 1999 Sports Science Network Forum, Nagano, 1999年10月, 長野, 日本, 国際会議The control of sweating and skin blood flow responses to exercise in humans口頭発表（招待・特別）
- 日本体育学会大会号, 1988年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会042I03 運動強度の違いが運動時の発汗調節に及ぼす影響について : 非定常状態の場合(4.運動生理,一般研究A)
- 日本生気象学会雑誌, 1987年12月汗の拍出頻度よりみた安静時と運動時の発汗調節の比較-非定常状態の場合について-
- 日本体育学会大会号, 1987年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会041311 運動中の血中乳酸動態に対するウォーミング・アップ効果に関する一考察(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)
- 日本体育学会大会号, 1987年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会041207 運動中及び回復期の気道抵抗の変化(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)
- 日本体育学会大会号, 1987年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会043115 水中トレーニング群と陸上トレーニング群の運動時発汗調節の比較(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)
- 体力科学, 1987年08月筋ポンプが血液循環動態に及ぼす影響 (第3報)‐LBNP下の運動時に見られるtransientsな循環動態の変化
- 体力科学, 1986年10月環境温が持久性運動時の体温調節に及ぼす影響－個人差に着目して－
- 日本体育学会大会号, 1986年10月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会043117 運動時と安静時の体温調節反応の比較 : 汗の拍出頻度(Fsw)と平均体温,発汗量の関係を中心に(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)
- 日本体育学会大会号, 1986年10月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会041107 下肢筋の等尺性収縮による起立性低血圧の予防に関する研究(第2報)(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)
- 日本体育学会大会号, 1986年, 日本語, 一般社団法人 日本体育学会041105 運動開始時及び終了時点の循環動態における筋ポンプ作用の関与(4.運動生理学,一般研究B)
- 日本体育学会大会号, 1985年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会041220 運動による肺抵抗の変化(4.運動生理学,一般研究)
- 日本体育学会大会号, 1985年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会041210 筋ポンプが血液循環動態に及ぼす影響(第2報)(4.運動生理学,一般研究)
- 日本体育学会大会号, 1985年08月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会043303 環境温の変化が持久性運動に及ぼす影響 : 特に個人差を中心に(4.運動生理学,一般研究)
- 日本体育学会大会号, 1984年10月, 日本語, 社団法人日本体育学会4061 激運動後の回復時運動が血中乳酸値に及ぼす影響(4.運動生理学,一般研究)
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 大阪国際大学, 2021年04月01日 - 2025年03月31日汗腺機能の発達と老化におけるアセチルコリン性交感神経ペプチドの役割解明R3年度は先行研究で報告されているカルシトニン遺伝子関連ペプチド（CGRP）による発汗増幅作用を経皮薬剤投与法で評価するための方法論の確立を目指して研究を進めた。先行研究を参考に①0.01～0.02％濃度のCGRP，②0.0001～1％濃度のピロカルピン，③1％濃度のサルブタモールのイオントフォレーシスを方法を変えながら（それぞれ単独投与，混合投与，時間をおいて順次投与）前腕部に投与した時の発汗反応を記録した。研究対象者は健康な成人男女8名程度であった。いずれの条件においてもCGRPを単独で投与してもその部位で発汗反応は認められなかった。CGRPはムスカリン受容体活動時の発汗反応を増大させると考えられることから，ピロカルピン投与時の増幅作用が確認できるかどうかを検討したが，対象条件（CGRPなし）と比較して発汗反応が増大するわけではなかった。むしろピロカルピン濃度が低い場合には発汗量が低下してしまった。 その他にもより生理的な条件下でCGRPによる発汗増幅作用が認められるかどうかを検討するため，暑熱環境下（35℃）でCGRPを投与したり，CGRP投与後に静的膝伸展運動を行って発汗増幅作用が認められるかどうかも数名で検討したものの，そのような応答は認められなかった。 CGRPは申請者がこれまで使っていた薬剤よりも分子が大きいため（MW：4000弱），経皮投与できていない可能性も考えられたことから，CGRPのイオントフォレーシスを行う前にマイクロニードルパッチを処置することで皮膚透過性を上げた検討も行ったが，結果は変わらなかった。さらにCGRPは血管を強力に拡張させる作用があることから，投与部位の皮膚血流量を測定してみると，血管拡張が認められた。そのため，定量的ではないものの，CGRPはいくらかは皮膚に投与されていると推察される。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽), 挑戦的研究(萌芽), 神戸大学, 2021年07月09日 - 2023年03月31日熱中症予防と皮膚の健康に欠かせないフレッシュな汗の量と成分の測定法開発進化の過程で獲得した人の汗は高温下での安静時や運動時の体温維持，日常生活での皮膚の健康と密接に関わり，我々の生活の質(QOL)を支えている．社会的問題である熱中症予防にはこの機能をどのように改善するかが重要となる．発汗機能は汗の量と質の両面から検討する必要があるが，これまでの分析では次の課題があった．1）フレッシュな汗の成分の絶対値が測定できない．2）汗の量と汗の成分の絶対値を短い間隔で，同時に，また，同じ部位（皮膚）から計測できない．これらの課題を解決するために新しい発汗測定のデバイスを開発し，従来の方法との比較からこのデバイスの有効性を検討する．
2021年度はフレッシュな汗の量と成分の絶対値を同時に測定する方法の開発を実施した．汗を抽出する方法として溝が皮膚面にのみついているシリコンプレートを作成し，皮膚に密着させた ．汗は溝を通りピペット状の容器に貯まるり，この容器に貯まった汗の量と成分を一定間隔で分析した．シリコン板にデバイスを密着し，塩分濃度の異なる溶液を注入し，それをピペット状容器で収集し，塩分濃度の異なる溶液と測定した濃度との間の関係を検討した．その結果高い相関関係が得られた．一方，汗の量に関係するピペット内の量はシリコン板との皮膚密着程度で差が生じた．また，当初このセンサーを用いて膝から下を湯（42°C）に浸し，体温上昇により引き起こされた汗が新デバイスで測定できるか確認する予定であったが，新型コロナウイルス感染下での実験制限と先の課題解決が不十分のため，実施出来なかった．一方，今回の方法以外にバイオセンサーをプレートに配置し，汗の成分測定が可能かどうかも同時に検討した．しかし，フレッシュな汗の成分分析をどのようにするのかの課題が残った． - 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 筑波大学, 2020年04月01日 - 2023年03月31日ヒト熱放散反応におけるTRPチャネルの役割解明 -熱中症予防法確立を目指して-TRPA1チャネルの活性化は、in vivoでヒトの皮膚の血管拡張を引き起こす。しかし、この反応のメカニズムについては不明な点が多い。本年度は、TRPA1チャネルによる皮膚血管拡張に、一酸化窒素（NO）合成酵素（NOS）とCa2+依存性K+（KCa）チャネルが寄与し、シクロオキシゲナーゼ（COX）は関与しないという仮説のもと実験を行った。健康な若年成人9名を対象に、前腕部の皮膚血管コンダクタンス（CVC）を評価した。CVCは、皮内マイクロダイアリシスを施した以下の４部位で評価した：1）コントロール（98％プロピレングリコール＋1.985％ジメチルスルホキシド＋0.015％リンゲル液）、2）10mM L-NAME（非選択的NOS阻害剤）、3）10mM ketorolac（非選択的COX阻害剤）、4）50mM tetraethylammonium（非選択的KCaチャネル遮断剤）。TRPA1チャネル活性化薬であるシンナムアルデヒドは、用量依存的に各皮膚部位に投与した（2.9、8.8、26、80％、それぞれ30分以上投与）。8.8％以上のシンナムアルデヒドを投与すると、コントロール部位のCVCがベースラインから27.4％[5.3]増加した（P<0.05）。NOS阻害剤は、26%および80%のシンナムアルデヒド濃度で、CVCの増加を抑制した（いずれもP<0.05）。COX阻害剤およびKCaチャネル遮断剤は、いずれの濃度においても、シンナムアルデヒドによるCVCの上昇を抑制しなかった（いずれもP>0.05）。以上のことから，ヒト皮膚において，TRPA1チャネルの活性に伴う皮膚血管拡張には，COXおよびKCaチャネルは関与しないが，NOSが大きな役割を果たしていると考えられる。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(開拓), 挑戦的研究(開拓), 神戸大学, 2020年04月01日 - 2022年03月31日健康増進に資する社会的ネットワーク可視化手法の開発と地域介入の効果検証社会的ネットワーク（人と人とのつながり）が、心身の健康増進に重要な役割を果たすことが報告されているが、日常生活での社会的ネットワークを定量的に測定する方法はいまだ開発されていない。そこで本研究では、以下の3点を達成することを目的としている。 目的1）ウェアラブルセンサを用いた社会的ネットワークの自動的・定量的計測と可視化システムの構築。 目的2）都市部高齢化地域を対象とした社会実験によるデータの信頼性の検証と健康指標との関連の検討。 目的3）2のデータをベースラインとし，社会的ネットワークの形成・促進を目的とした地域介入の客観的な効果検証の実施。 すなわち、上記の目的を達成するために、第一に社会的ネットワーク定量的計測システムの開発を行い、第二に大学生の小集団を対象とした予備的実験を行う。第3に都市部高齢化地域を対象とした社会実験による社会的ネットワークデータの測定および健康指標との関連性の検討を行うとともに、地域介入の客観的な効果検証を実施する。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽), 挑戦的研究(萌芽), 大阪国際大学, 2019年06月28日 - 2022年03月31日化学的・物理的促進法を用いた経皮的薬剤投与に基づく新たな発汗研究手法の開発本研究は将来的に子どもや高齢者のための新たな発汗機能検査法を確立することを見据え，痛みを伴わずに大きな分子でも汗腺に届けたり，角質層が厚い部位でも薬剤を投与できる新しい研究手法を開発することを目的としている． これまでの研究で電圧80V，1Hz，パルス幅0.1msのエレクトロポレーション装置であれば前腕部で痛みを感じないことを明らかにしているが，この刺激では十分な効果（皮膚バリア機能の低下）がなかった．そのため，まずは従来の装置を改良したハイパワーのエレクトロポレーションを制作した（試作３号機）．また，理論上は電極間の距離が狭い程痛みが感じなくなることから，先行研究を参考に，電極間距離や配列を変えて電極を作成して痛みの有無について検討を行った． 申請者自身でパルス幅や電圧を調節しながら検討を進めたが，200Vの電圧をパルス幅1.0ms，周波数1Hzで5分間手掌部に当てても手掌部の角質層のバリア機能（不感蒸泄から測定）は低下しなかった．また200Vは前腕部では我慢できないほど痛く使えなかった．装置の電圧を～500Vまで上げることで手掌部への処置も可能になるかもしれないが，安全性の観点から実用性が低いという結論に達した． このことから皮膚のバリア機能を低下させる別の方策を検討した．マイクロニードルパッチはインフルエンザなどのワクチン接種法として過去に人を対象とした実績があったため，この方法を応用することを試みた．まずマイクロニードルパッチを手掌部に処置した後，染色して手掌部の穿刺孔を確認した．また不感蒸泄量を測定して，ニードル処置で一時的にバリア機能が大きく低下することを確認した．これらのことから，エレクトロポレーションに代わり，マイクロニードルパッチ使って皮膚に穿孔を形成できる可能性が見出された．次年度はいくつかの課題を解決した上でこの新しい方法の確立を進める予定である．
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C), 基盤研究(C), 神戸芸術工科大学, 2019年04月01日 - 2022年03月31日活動筋の酸素不足発生の仕組み本研究では、活動筋の局所レベルにおける酸素消費量（VO2）応答の不均一性に着目して、活動筋の酸素不足発生に及ぼす影響を明らかにする。活動筋のVO2を規定する要因として、①筋肉細胞の酸素利用と②微小循環における酸素の需要と供給のミスマッチ・空間不均一性 (部位差）が示唆されている。 立位・座位姿勢に比べて仰臥位姿勢では、重力負荷の減少によって下肢の循環潅流圧と血流量（酸素供給量、Q）が低下するので、運動耐容能が減少する。しかし、活動筋の局所的な酸素需給ミスマッチが活動筋全体の酸素不足にどの程度の影響を与えるのか不明である。今年度は、仰臥位・自転車運動における活動筋の局所的なQの減少と酸素需給ミスマッチが、活動筋の酸素不足に及ぼす影響を明らかにした。
結果：座位運動に比べて、仰臥位運動では活動筋の表層筋に加えて深層筋においても局所的な酸素需給ミスマッチが生じた。したがって、活動筋レベルでは拡散による酸素運搬がある程度増加したが、潅流による酸素運搬が減少したために活動筋全体のVO2応答が遅れたと推測される。さらに、仰臥位における事前運動は、主運動（第2運動）における活動筋全体のVO2応答を速くした。とくに、主運動における活動筋の酸素抜取りの程度（脱酸素化ヘモグロビン）は座位運動よりも大きくなった。仰臥位において事前運動よりも主運動のVO2応答が速くなった理由として、活動筋の酸素運搬量の増加とともに筋肉細胞内の酸素利用の促進が示唆された。今回の結果は、事前運動に続く主運動VO2応答の迅速化が、活動筋への酸素運搬量の増加のみに依存しないことを示唆する。したがって、活動筋局所におけるVO2応答の調節は、微小循環レベルの酸素運搬、および筋肉細胞内の酸素利用、両方の相互作用に関連すると考えられる。 - 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費, 特別研究員奨励費, 神戸大学, 2020年04月24日 - 2021年03月31日高温高湿環境下での暑熱順化と脱順化が汗腺機能と皮膚血管拡張に及ぼす影響運動トレーニング者を対象（男子学生，10名程度）に，14日間の暑熱順化(最大酸素摂取量の50%～55%負荷の自転車運動を60分間，34°C・40%RHと34°C・80%RHの環境下で実施)と脱順化を行い，順化の影響をみるために34°C・80%RHの環境下で最大酸素摂取量50%～55%負荷の60分間の自転車運動を行う予定であった．しかし，新型コロナウイルス感染拡大に伴い研究継続が不可能となった．2019年度の研究結果をもとに次の実績が得られた．14日間の暑熱順化でいずれの環境条件でも安静時の体温低下，運動時の発汗量・皮膚血流量の増加がみられた．両条件での違いとして発汗反応より皮膚血流反応に差異がみられる傾向にあった．また，運動時の体温上昇は高湿・環境での暑熱順化の方がいくらか小さくなった．一方，環境条件での違いによる脱順化の差異はみられなかった．これらのことから，高温・高湿環境での暑熱順化は同環境下での運動時の生体負担を軽減する可能性が考えられるが，被験者数が少なく，結論は得られなかった．
2019年度に追加実験で実施した高温・高湿環境への季節順化と脱順化が発汗とその他の体温調節機能に及ぼす影響に関する研究の分析を進め，次の結果が得られた．夏への季節順化は冬と比較して局所・全身の発汗反応（体温に対する発汗反応）や汗の塩分濃度低下などの改善が認められた．改善程度は夏>秋であった．一方，高温・高湿環境下での汗の蒸発量（有効発汗量）には両季節で差がなく，無効発汗量は夏>秋＞冬となり，汗が蒸発する効率は夏<秋＜冬となり，夏で最も低下した．しかし，運動時の体温上昇には季節差がなかった．また，風速の影響も検討し，いずれの季節も風速の増加により発汗効率は改善されたが，この改善は運動時の体温には影響しなかった． - 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 新潟大学, 2018年04月01日 - 2021年03月31日本研究では運動選手の高い発汗機能を支えるメカニズムの解明に取り組んできた．研究ではイオントフォレーシスという経皮的に薬剤を局所投与する方法を用いて，発汗に関わる可能性のある汗生成の機構を阻害したり刺激した．その時の反応を運動選手と非運動選手と比較した．本研究で得られた主な成果として，運動選手の高い発汗量（暑熱下運動，安静暑熱負荷，発汗刺激薬投与）に関与する仕組みとしてノルアドレナリン性交感神経，αアドレナリン受容体，L型電位依存性カルシウムチャネルなどがあった．一方βアドレナリン受容体刺激による発汗は運動適応に関与しないようであった．そのほかにも発汗の性差や基盤的メカニズムの解明も進めてきた．
- 科学研究費補助金／挑戦的研究（開拓）, 2018年06月 - 2021年03月競争的資金
- 科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2017年04月 - 2021年03月, 研究代表者競争的資金
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費, 特別研究員奨励費, 神戸大学, 2018年11月09日 - 2020年03月31日高温高湿環境下での暑熱順化と脱順化が汗腺機能と皮膚血管拡張に及ぼす影響高温下における運動時の熱放散システムは体温の過度上昇を避けるばかりか，アスリートや労働者などの身体パフォーマンスにも関係する．運動時の熱放散反応（発汗や皮膚血管拡張反応）は暑熱順化によって改善され，この改善により高温下での持久的運動や労働時のパフォーマンスが向上する．暑熱順化の研究では順化時の環境として湿度に着目した研究は少なく，高温低湿と高温高湿環境での暑熱順化が熱放散反応改善にどのような違いを生じるのか不明である．また，日本の夏は高温高湿環境であり，夏の熱放散反応の適応をみることで，高湿度に暑熱順化が熱放散反応に及ぼす影響を検討することが可能となる．そこで，本研究では暑熱順化時の湿度に着目し，高湿条件が熱放散システムの適応に及ぼす影響を明らかにすることとする．
運動時の有効・無効発汗量の評価方法の検討から運動中の測定においては間欠的な運動を行い，運動中に安静時を保持することで，これらの発汗量が正確に測定できるようになった．暑熱順化方法として高温高湿（32℃，60-70％RH）で9日間の運動による暑熱順化を実施する予定で準備を進めた．暑熱順化中の運動は最大酸素摂取量40-60％を実施し，体温をある一定のレベルに上昇させ，それを維持する方法を用いることとした．運動時間は1回60-90分である．暑熱順化の効果等を検討するため，暑熱順化前後に運動負荷と下肢温浴を実施した．暑熱順化実験を一人の被験者に実施した．暑熱順化で発汗機能は向上したが，全身でみた無効発汗量が増加し，この増加は有効発汗量の増加を引き起こすほどではなかった． - 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 大阪国際大学, 2016年04月01日 - 2020年03月31日マラソントレーニングを継続する高齢者は，若年ランナーと同等もしくはそれ以上の汗腺機能を保持することが，運動・アセチルコリン（ACh）誘発性発汗反応や汗イオン再吸収能力に見出された．ただし，この改善度は汗腺機能の老化が早期に発現する部位（下肢）で小さいことが示唆された．これらの高齢ランナーの発汗特性は性に関わらず観察され，高齢ランナーの運動・ACh誘発性の発汗量や汗イオン再吸収能力には性差がみられなかった．ただ，女性高齢ランナーにも，低い汗腺出力を高い活動汗腺数で補償する女性の特徴が保持された．これらの高齢ランナーの汗腺機能に関する知見は，高齢者の熱中症予防策を構築する上で有益になるだろう．
- 特別研究員奨励費, 2018年04月 - 2020年03月, 研究代表者競争的資金
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費, 特別研究員奨励費, 神戸大学, 2016年11月07日 - 2019年03月31日年齢や暑熱順化がイオン再吸収能力から評価した発汗機能に及ぼす影響年齢と高齢者の暑熱順化が汗イオン濃度調節機構に及ぼす影響を検討するため，昨年度から継続的に以下の研究を実施した． 1．年齢が汗イオン濃度調節機構に及ぼす影響 50～85歳の年齢範囲の男女36名を被験者とした．環境温25℃，相対湿度50%の環境下で安静温熱負荷（43℃の下肢温浴と水循環スーツ）を45～60分間実施した．また，各被験者の身体特性（最大酸素摂取量含む）と局所発汗テストを別の日に実施した．一つの結果として年齢と汗イオンの最大再吸収能の間には関係か認められなかった．分析をさらに進め年齢が汗イオン濃度調節機構に及ぼす影響を明らかにしたい． 2．高齢者の暑熱順化が汗イオン濃度調節機構に及ぼす影響 高齢者の被験者10名（男性8, 女性2, 年齢; 67 ± 1.5 yrs, 身長; 60.8 ± 9.0 kg, 体重; 165.9 ± 7.3 cm, 推定最大酸素摂取量; 32.6 ± 4.5 ml/kg/min）に9日間の暑熱順化実験を実施し，その前後と暑熱順化後1週間の計3回，下肢温浴により汗イオン濃度調節機構やその他の発汗機能（これまでの方法と同じ）を測定した．暑熱順化は環境温35℃，相対湿度45%の環境下で自転車運動により体温を約1℃上昇させ，その後，運動と安静を組み合わせてこの体温を約1時間維持する方法を用いた．暑熱順化により安静時体温低下，血漿量増加，温度感覚低下の変化がみられた．汗イオン再吸収能は胸で有意に増加した． 温熱負荷中の総発汗量が増加し，汗NaCl濃度は有意に低下した．また，発汗開始閾値は大きく変化せず，個人差が大きかった．このことから，9日間の暑熱順化では汗イオンの最大再吸収能は身体の部位によってその改善程度が異なるが．高齢者においてもこの能力の改善が認められた．さらに分析を進め高齢者に対する暑熱順化効果を検討したい．
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C), 基盤研究(C), 2016年04月01日 - 2019年03月31日脱水がハイ・ミドルパワー発揮能力に及ぼす影響を3つの実験で検討した．①夏季フィールドで体重の0.8%と2.0%脱水時のパフォーマンステストを，②実験室での高温環境下運動で0.8%と1.9%脱水時のハイ・ミドルパワー発揮能力，③②と同様の実験で陸上競技の種目差を検討した．その結果，①では2.0％脱水時のミドルパワーパフォーマンスが，0.8％脱水時より低下し，②では1.9％脱水時のハイ・ミドルパワー発揮能力が，0.8％脱水時より低下した．しかし，③では②実験で観察された脱水の影響が陸上競技種目に影響されなかった．以上の結果，2.0％程度の脱水がハイ・ミドルパワーを低下することが示唆された．
- 特別研究員奨励費, 2016年04月 - 2019年03月, 研究代表者競争的資金
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 神戸大学, 2015年07月10日 - 2018年03月31日高齢者の孤立死や認知症徘徊による行方不明高齢者の増加といった高齢地域のかかえる問題を解決，及び，高齢期の健康増進や幸福感の向上において地域コミュニティのつながりである社会的ネットワークが重視されている。本研究では，人口約5000人の地域コミュニティを対象とし，地域での社会的ネットワーク形成を目的としたプログラムを展開した。また，ネットワーク解析モデルを応用することによって，住民のつながりの現状や変化を客観的に評価することで，プログラムの効果検証をおこなった。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的萌芽研究, 挑戦的萌芽研究, 神戸大学, 2015年04月01日 - 2018年03月31日本研究ではヒトの発汗機能と汗腺に関わるエクトジスプラシン遺伝子のEDAR370Aとの関係を明らかにするため，日本人におけるEDAR370A遺伝子と一般体表面の活動汗腺数との関係，EDAR370A遺伝子を有している者とそうでない者との発汗調節機能を比較した．40名の健康な男女の被験者（年齢20歳～80歳）を対象にEDAR370A遺伝子の保有者を選別した．36名がこの遺伝子を保有し，4名が保有していなかった．前者の者は活動汗腺数がいくらか多い傾向にあったが，発汗機能には大きな差異はなかった．しかし，EDAR370A遺伝子を有しない者の人数が極端に少なく，普遍的な結果を得ることが出来なかった．
- 科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2015年04月 - 2018年03月競争的資金
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A), 基盤研究(A), 筑波大学, 2013年04月01日 - 2017年03月31日体温上昇性の換気亢進による動脈血二酸化炭素分圧（PaCO2）低下が脳血流などの循環反応に及ぼす影響、さらに、意識的な呼吸調節によってPaCO2を増加させることで、脳血流量や血圧反応が改善されるかどうかについて検討した。暑熱下一定負荷運動時及び安静時体温上昇時において、深部体温上昇性の換気亢進反応を意識的な呼吸調節によって抑制できること、さらに，このように意識的に換気亢進を抑えることで、深部体温上昇に伴う脳血流量の低下が抑制されることが初めて示唆された。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A), 基盤研究(A), 神戸芸術工科大学, 2012年10月31日 - 2017年03月31日人類が直立二足歩行によって獲得した身体活動能力、とりわけ全身持久的運動能力は他の動物よりも優れた生理機能(循環調節や発汗など)によって支えられる。実際の持久的身体活動時には、活動強度や温度などの環境刺激が時間と共に変化する非定常状態が多くみられる。この状態では潜在的な統合生理機能（全身的協関）が顕著に抽出されるので、ヒトが進化過程で獲得した持久的運動能力の特性がより明らかになる。しかし、各々の生理機能（呼吸、循環、筋肉、体温など）が統合的に調節される仕組みについては不明な点が多い。今回は全身的協関がより顕在化する非定常状態に着目して、生理人類学的視点からヒトの持久的運動能力を総合的に検討した。
- 学術研究助成基金助成金／挑戦的萌芽研究, 2015年04月 - 2017年03月, 研究代表者競争的資金
- 学術研究助成基金助成金／挑戦的萌芽研究, 2014年04月 - 2017年03月競争的資金
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A), 基盤研究(A), 神戸大学, 2012年10月31日 - 2016年03月31日世界で最も高齢化が進んでいる日本では，高齢者夫婦のみ世帯と高齢者独居世帯も年々増加し，高齢者の孤立死や認知症徘徊による行方不明，高齢者世帯への緊急時や災害時の対応に関する問題が顕在化している。世界保健機関（WHO）は先進国でみられる高齢化を受けて，生活の質を高めるために「健康」，「社会参加」，「安全」の機会を最適化するアクティブエイジングを提唱している。本研究では，地域コミュニティにおける高齢者の地域活動,多世代間交流の促進を目指し，「健康」「社会参加」「安全」の3つの側面からアクティブエイジング支援プログラムを開発し，社会実験を実施した。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(A), 大阪国際大学, 2011年04月01日 - 2016年03月31日老若男女の発汗能力の解明とその生物学的意義発汗能力は，思春期前では性差はみられず，思春期以降に男女とも増大するものの，その程度は女性が男性よりも小さかったため，若年者では女性が男性より低かった．発汗能力は男女とも加齢に伴い低下し，その性差は80 歳代で消失する傾向だった．若年者では短期間の運動トレーニング・暑熱順化に伴う発汗能力の改善の程度にも性差（男＞女）がみられた．長期間運動トレーニングに伴う発汗能力の改善は，子供や高齢者が若年者より小さかった．女性の少ない発汗量は，体液の損失を最小限に抑えようとする生物学的意義が窺えた．なお，男性の運動トレーニング・暑熱馴化・加齢による発汗能力の変化は性ホルモン・成長ホルモンとは関連しなかった．
- 学術研究助成基金助成金／挑戦的萌芽研究, 2013年04月 - 2015年03月, 研究代表者競争的資金
- 科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(A), 2012年10月 - 2015年03月競争的資金
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(C), 大阪国際大学短期大学部, 2011年 - 2013年摂取水分の温度と量が体温・循環調節反応に及ぼす影響高温下運動時における摂取水分の温度と量が体温・循環調節反応に及ぼす影響を，(1)摂取水温の相違，(2)夏季スポーツ活動時の飲水量と飲みやすさ，(3)摂取水温の相違と飲水量，から検討した．その結果，摂取水温の相違は，飲水量が等しい場合には低水温ほど運動の早期から物理的な冷却効果により直腸温を抑制し，自由飲水の場合には低水温の冷却効果と飲水量の調節による影響が推察された。さらに，実際のフィールド運動時においても 5℃水温では物理的冷却効果による体温上昇の抑制，発汗量の抑制，脱水率の軽減を導くことが窺え，5℃程度の水分補給が生体負担度を軽減し，ひいては熱中症予防に有効であることが示唆された．
- 学術研究助成基金助成金／挑戦的萌芽研究, 2011年, 研究代表者競争的資金
- 科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2011年, 研究代表者競争的資金
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(A), 大阪国際大学, 2008年 - 2010年温熱的環境適応能の老化過程の解明と老化遅延策の構築ヒトの環境適応能の老化機序を解明するため,全身協関的視点から検討した結果,以下のことが示された.体温調節機序は男女とも,入力系→効果器系→出力系→中枢系の順序で老化し,下肢の汗腺機能は下腿が大腿より,下肢の後面が前面より早期に老化する.老化に伴い非温熱性要因の複合的入力に対する反応が小さくなる.若年者でみられた熱放散反応の性差は老化によって小さくなる.高齢者の汗腺機能の夏へ向けての亢進が若年者より遅延し,また,暑熱下の起立耐性に影響する皮膚血流量調節の関与は高齢者では小さく,夏季における高齢者の血栓形成は若年者より促進される.体温調節機序の入力系や出力系に対して老化遅延策は見出せなかったが,効果器系では運動習慣の確立が有効である.
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(A), 神戸芸術工科大学, 2006年 - 2008年ヒトの運動能と環境適応能の全身的な協関-非定常状態に注目して-人類が有する合理的な適応能力を明らかにすることによって、将来の望ましい生活環境への示唆が得られる。身体活動や環境刺激の強度やパターンなどが時間とともに変化する非定常的な場合に注目して、日常生活の活動状況と環境条件をシミュレートした。痛みを伴わずにヒトの生物科学的特性を連続的に測る最新の生体計測技術を駆使して、ヒトの運動能と環境適応能の全身的な協関(酸素摂取-循環-体温調節能力の連携)を考察した。
- 科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2008年競争的資金
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(B), 大阪国際大学, 2005年 - 2007年熱帯地住人の環境適応能の解明とそれに及ぼす生活環境要因本研究では,(1)熱帯地住人の熱放散反応特性を検討するため,タイ人と日本人の若年成人運動鍛錬者(T群)と非鍛錬者(U群)に対し,a)下肢温浴テスト(25℃環境下で下腿を42℃の湯に60分間浸す),b)自転車運動テスト(35%,50%,65%VO2maxの自転車運動を各20分間,計60分間連続負荷),c)アセチルコリン(ACh)誘発性発汗テストを実施した.さらに(2)その発育・老化特性を検討するために,タイ人の思春期前男児,若年成人男性,高齢者男性および日本人の若年成人男性,高齢者男性に対し,上記a)とc)のテストを負荷した. (1)タイ人は日本人に比し発汗より皮膚血流量により依存した熱放散特性を有すること,タイ人でも抑制された発汗機能を長期的運動トレーニングで亢進できることが下肢温浴と自転車運動テストで明らかにされた.このタイ人の長期暑熱順化および長期的運動トレーニングに伴う発汗機能の修飾は,ACh誘発性の軸索反射性発汗および直接刺激性発汗でも観察されたことから,交感神経節後線維や汗腺それ自体の修飾に起因することが示唆された. (2)タイ人においても,日本人と同様に,若年成人に比し,思春期前児童は発汗より皮膚血管拡張に依存した熱放散特性を有すること,高齢者は低い発汗量と皮膚血流量を有すること,児童や高齢者の低い発汗量は低い単一汗腺出力(SGO)に起因すること,が下肢温浴テストで明らかにされた.ACh誘発性発汗テストにおいて,若年成人に比し,児童は直接刺激性発汗が有意に低く(軸索反射性発汗には年齢差なし),この低い発汗量は活動汗腺数(ASG)ではなく,低いSGOに起因した.高齢者は低い軸索反射性と直接刺激性発汗を示し,この低い直接刺激性発汗は低いASGand/or SGOにそれぞれ起因した.以上のように,タイ人の汗腺機能にも発育・老化特性は観察されるものの,その変化は日本人より小さかった.そのため,長期暑熱順化が汗腺機能を抑制する影響は,若年成人でより顕著だった.
- 科学研究費補助金／萌芽研究, 2007年, 研究代表者競争的資金
- 科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2007年, 研究代表者競争的資金
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(A), 大阪国際大学, 2004年 - 2006年発育・老化過程における温熱適応能力の生物学的意義本研究では熱放散反応の発育・老化過程を全身協関的視点から検討した.10年間の縦断的検討および横断的検討結果から,熱放散反応は老化に伴い皮膚血流量→単一汗腺あたりの汗出力→活動汗腺数と順次低下し,その一連の加齢的低下は全身同等ではなく,下肢→躯幹後面→躯幹前面→上肢→頭部と順次進行することが見出された.さらに,異なる3種のテストで検討された皮膚温度感受性,発汗中枢の活動性,アセチルコリン誘発性の軸索反射性および直接性発汗の結果から,機序面からみても皮膚の温度感受性(入力)→効果器(汗腺それ自体)→交感神経系・体温調節中枢,と順次老化することが推察された.次に,下肢温浴と膝伸展運動時の大腿動脈血流量と皮膚血流量などの結果から,大腿における皮膚血流量からみた末梢循環の老化が動脈血流量からみた中心循環の老化より先行することが示唆された.また,暑熱環境下でのアイソメトリックハンドグリップ時のデータから,非温熱性熱放散反応も老化に伴い鈍化し,その鈍化は発汗反応よりも皮膚血管反応で,さらに他の部位より大腿(筋の代謝受容器からの入力に対する応答)で顕著であることが観察された.このことは,非温熱性熱放散反応の老化過程も上述した温熱性熱放散反応の老化過程と類似することを示唆する. 夏季スポーツ活動時の総発汗量と直腸温データから,思春期前児童は未発達な発汗機能を有することが再確認された.さらに,環境温度が漸次上昇する条件下の各種データから,思春期前児童は皮膚温より環境温が高くなると,体格特性(大きな体表面積/質量比)による熱獲得の増加や未発達な発汗機能に起因して生体負担度が若年成人より大きくなることが明らかにされた.また,筋の代謝受容器からの非温熱性入力に対する熱放散反応は思春期前の子どもでは未発達であり,その傾向は皮膚血管反応より発汗反応で顕著だった.この非温熱性熱放散反応に観察された子どもの特性は,上述の温熱性熱放散反応の発育特性に類似することが示唆された.
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(C), 大阪国際大学短期大学部, 2004年 - 2005年性周期・運動トレーニングが若年女性における運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響本研究は性周期および運動トレーニングが運動時の熱放散反応に及ぼす影響を3つの実験から検討し,女性の熱放散反応を明らかにすることを目的とした.これら3つの実験の要約は以下の通りである.1)一般女性において,常温環境下での中等度運動時の熱放散反応は卵胞中期と比較して黄体中期に低下することが示唆された.長期間運動トレーニングを継続した女性は一般女性でみられるような黄体中期での熱放散反応の低下がみられず,また,長期運動トレーニングによりその熱放散反応が改善され,この改善は熱放散反応の体温閾値の低下と感受性の亢進に起因することが示唆された.さらに,長期運動トレーニングによる改善は卵胞中期よりも黄体中期により顕著にみられることが示された.また,その改善は皮膚血流反応より発汗反応で顕著にみられた.2)運動トレーニングによって性別にかかわらず発汗反応は改善されるものの,女性における改善の程度は男性のそれと比較して小さく,その改善の程度に性差の存在が示唆された.また,その性差は運動強度の増大とともに顕著になることが示唆された.3)女性においてトレーニングを開始した性周期相にかかわらず,約3ヶ月の運動トレーニングにより熱放散反応の体温閾値は低下し,熱放散反応が改善されると示唆された.熱放散反応の量的な改善は発汗反応のみにみられ,この改善は黄体中期からトレーニングを開始したL群より卵胞中期から開始したF群で顕著であることが示された,また,トレーニングの効果(体温閾値の低下)は1ヶ月目までに生じ,トレーニング終了後1ヶ月目までに消失することが示唆された.
- 科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2005年競争的資金
- 科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(B), 2005年, 研究代表者競争的資金
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(B), 神戸大学, 2001年 - 2003年新世紀の地域一体型老人介護施設における自立支援介護サービスの開発とその評価本研究は地域一体型の老人介護施設における利用者本位・住民主体の介護サービスがどのようなものであればいいのか提案し、さらにサービス機能の今後の方向性や評価方法を提言することを目的とした。 平成13年度から15年度の3年間にわたって、次のような4つの研究アプローチを設定し、研究遂行した。 1)社会システム論的アプローチ 高齢者をとりまく社会システムを高齢者の発達及び自立支援という視点からアプローチした。特に介護保険によるサービスを個人の尊厳により選びとれる環境整備や制度的な問題点の洗い出しを行った。 2)医療システム論的アプローチ 高齢者を支援する環境づくりに向けて、地域医療の観点から実践研究を展開した。具体的には、高齢化率の高い過疎地域(京都市北区小野郷)における、住民が主体となって診療所を開設・運営するという新しい地域医療運動に、研究者も参加しながら、運動の経緯を検討した。 3)生活環境論的アプローチ 高齢者の衣食住環境を生活の主体者としての意識や生活意欲をひきだす環境づくりという視点からアプローチした。被介護者のみならず介護者、利用者の家族、スタッフのストレスを軽減するハード面とソフト面の機能を住環境学、食環境学、衣環境学から分析・評価した。 4)心理行動論的アプローチ 地域一体型施設における被介護者を中心としたスタッフ、介護者、地域住民の連携を促進する介護サービスの開発と評価を生活環境心理学、ストレス心理学、環境生理学の観点から行った。施設のサービス体系にもとづく調査結果を整理し、第8回ヨーロッパ心理学会や日本心理学会第67回大会に発表するとともに、今後の介護サービスの方向性やその評価方法について検討した。 以上の結果に基づいて、今後は施設における集団ケアを少人数のユニットケアへ移行するとともに、個人の尊厳にもとづく新世紀型の施設介護のあり方を提言した。また、環境生理から研究からは、寒くなるとエアコンをつけるなどの行動性体温調節反応が高齢者ではどうなのかを検討した。この反応は自律性体温調節反応が衰えると大きくなり、また,高齢者では皮膚温度効果器の低下にも関係し、若年者より劣っている.このことから,高齢者の生活環境を支援するためにはこの反応も考慮する必要があることを明らかにした。最終年度には、本研究プロジェクトのこれまでの研究成果を実績報告書という形で公刊し、今後の施設ケアの方向性の参考として福祉施設関係者に配布した。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(C), 神戸芸術工科大学, 2002年 - 2002年活動筋の酸素消費ダイナミクスに関わる共同研究の企画今回の企画調査では、それぞれが専門とする分野の立場から重点課題を検討し、先進的な研究成果を生み出すための共同研究を企画した。特に、活動筋の酸素消費応答に関して先駆的な成果を上げている外国人研究者を招聘、研究セミナーへ参加してもらい、研究者間の論議を深めることが出来た。 (1)重点課題の調査、検討 それぞれが専門とする分野の立場から重点課題を検討し、活動筋の酸素消費応答に関連した共同研究のテーマを提示し、先進的な研究成果を生み出す準備を行なった。 (2)測定法、実験装置の調査、検討 集約されたテーマに関する研究を遂行するために必要な測定法、実験装置を調査、検討した。特に、酸素感受性蛍光色素法による微小循環レベルの酸素分圧応答と近赤外分光法による酸素化状態の比較検討を行った。また、最近、開発された磁気共鳴装置によるarterial spin labeling法の時間分解能を検討し、運動開始時の酸素供給と酸素需要ミスマッチの連続測定が可能であることを確認した。さらに、筋繊維の動員パターンの時間的な変動を推定する方法や(Pi splitting)、磁気共鳴イメージングによる有効筋肉量推定法の時間分解能を調査した。超音波ドップラー装置を用いた活動筋血流量やATP turnover rate、酸化酵素活動の連続測定の可能性を調査した。これらの最新測定技術が、人間のwhole-bodyレベルでの運動条件にどの程度まで適用可能かを調査した。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(C), 神戸大学, 2001年 - 2002年皮膚交感神経活動から見た体温調節反応の運動トレーニング効果運動トレーニングは多くの生体機能を改善することが知られている.本研究はその中でも生体機能の恒常性維持に重要な体温調節機能が運動トレーニングによりどのように改善されるのかを皮膚交感神経活動(SSNA)より検討するために次の課題を設定した.a)皮膚交感神経活動と熱放散反応(発汗反応と皮膚血流反応)との関係を明らかにする(平成13年度:実験I).b)a)で得られた関係が運動トレーニングによりどのように変化するのかを検討する(平成14年度:実験II).運動トレーニングとしては常温下での連続10日間の持久的運動(60%VO_<2max>,30分×3回)とし,運動トレーニング前後で循環スーツを用いた温熱負荷を食道温(Tes)が約1℃上昇するまで継続した.SSNAは腓骨神経より,発汗量(SR)や皮膚血管コンダクタンス(CVC)はその神経が支配している部位(足甲部)で測定した.得られた結果は以下のとおりである. 1)TesとSSNAの間にもSRやCVCと同様に正の相関関係が得られた. 2)SSNAとSRおよびCVCの間にも正の相関関係が得られ,Tesが安静時より大きく上昇するような場合にはSSNA-SR関係の相関係数がSSNA-CVC関係のそれより有意に大きかった. 3)運動トレーニングによりVO_<2max>が5%増加し,安静時のHRとTesが低下した. 4)運動トレーニングによりTes-SR, Tes-CVCおよびTes-SSNA関係はいずれの回帰直線も左方へ移動した. 5)運動トレーニングによりSSNA-SRおよびSSNA-CVC関係における回帰直線がいくらか左方に移動し,同一SSNAでSRやCVCが多くなった. これらのことから,常温下での運動トレーニングは熱放散反応が引き起こされる深部体温闘値を低下させ,また,同一の皮膚交感神経活動でも発汗量や皮膚血管拡張がより多くなることが推察された.
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 基盤研究(B), 神戸芸術工科大学, 2000年 - 2001年ヒトの生理学的適応能力の計測技術の体系化身体運動への適応能力を研究する上で必要な生理的計測肢術(有酸素運動能力,酸素運搬機能と筋肉の酸素利用機能の計測技術)を検討した。特に,超音波ドップラー法による心拍出量と活動筋の血流量,近赤外分光測定法による酸素利用機能の計測技術を検討した.結果:心拍出量と活動筋血流量の連続測定が可能となり、運動の開始時においては酸素摂取応答に比べて,中心および末梢循環の応答がより速いことが確認された。したがって、酸素摂取応答の規定要因は酸素運搬能力ではなく,運動筋自体の酸素利用能力と考えられる.さらに、運動筋微小循環の酸素分圧(動物実験)とヒトにおける酸素化状態の測定結果を比較し、運動開始時における運動筋の酸素利用能力が、運動筋内部の酸素能に依存すると推測された。また,呼吸変動が酸素摂取量の応答特性に与える影響を調べた。 体温調節の動的特性を調べるために循環スーツ内温度を急激に変化させた場合、皮膚温や皮膚血流量も急激に変化した。特に,末梢部の変化が大きく,スーツ温下降の方が生体反応の追従性がより早い.本法により体温調節機構の動的特性を十分に評価できると考えられた.また、昨年度にヒトの皮膚血流量を準定量的に測定できることを認めたレーザードップラー式血流画像化装置で下肢温浴時の胸・人腿の皮膚血流量を高齢者と若年成人とで比較検討した。その結果は、老化が下肢から始まるという我々の先行研究結果を支持する。温熱負荷中にコリン作動性神経から放出されるアセチルコリンは、一酸化窒素(NO)メカニズムを介して能動的皮膚血管拡張に関係する可能性がある。マイクロダイアリシス法を用いた結果から、コリン作動性アセチルコリンは、初期の皮膚血管拡張には関連するが、皮膚血管が十分に拡張した後にはほとんど効果がないことが示された。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奨励研究(A), 神戸大学, 1999年 - 2000年筋代謝受容器が体温調節反応に及ぼす影響体温調節反応は人の深部体温をある一定の範囲に保つため、身体内の恒常性維持には欠くことのできない反応であり、この能力の違いより運動のパフォーマンスが影響されるケースも報告されている。体温調節反応には深部体温などの温熱性入力が大きく影響しているが、運動時にはそれら以外の要因が補助的に作用しており、これが運動時の深部体温を一定に保つ重要な働きをしている可能性がある。これまでの研究(平成7年度と平成9年度の奨励研究)により、その入力としてcentral commandや筋や腱の機械受容器からの求心性入力が関与していることを明らかにした。本研究では筋代謝受容器が体温調節反応に及ぼす影響を検討することを目的した。 本年度は筋代謝受容器が体温調節反応に及ぼす影響を検討するため、男子被験者8名に対して環境温35℃、相対湿度50%の環境下で実験を実施した。この環境下で体温調節反応が定常になるまで待った後(約50分間安静にした後)、最大静的筋収縮(MVC)の測定を2回実施した。その後、アイソメトリックハンドグリップ運動を、1)30%MVCの運動を120秒間、2)45%MVC運動を60秒間実施した後、上腕に巻いたカフ圧を240mmHg以上に上げ、上腕を120秒間阻血した。いずれの条件もアイソメトリックハンドグリップ運動後の阻血中、心拍数や皮膚血流量は運動前の値に戻ったが、平均血圧と発汗量(胸部と前腕部)は運動前より高い値を保持した。阻血中は運動を実施していないことからcentral commandや筋や腱の機械受容器からの求心性入力は関与せず、筋代謝受容器のみの影響が生体反応に影響していると考えられる。したがって、発汗反応には筋代謝受容器が関与していることが推察された。
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奨励研究(A), 神戸大学, 1997年 - 1998年Central commandsが運動時の体温調節反応に及ぼす影響体温調節反応には深部体温や皮膚温などの温熱性要因の入力が大きく影響しているが,運動開始時や運動強度が急変するよう状況ではこれらの要因の変化が遅れ,この場合にはそれ以外の要因(非温熱性要因:central commands,筋からの求心性入力等)が重要となる可能性が考えられる.非温熱性要因としてのcentral commandsが運動時の体温調節反応にどのような影響を及ぼしているのかを検討した. 平成9年度の結果から,発汗反応に及ぼす影響はcentral commandsが約65%,それ以外の要因(筋の機械的受容器など)が約35%であることが明らかとなった.本年度はcentral commandsなどの非温熱性要因による熱放散反応が深部体温などの温熱性要因のレベルの違いによってどのように影響されるのかを検討した.健康な男子学生に対して,water-perfused suit(皮膚温38℃以上)あるいは下肢温浴を用いて,体温調節パラメータ(発汗量や皮膚血流量)が変化し始めた時とそれらが一定になった時に,受動的自転車運動と無負荷の能動的自転車運動をそれぞれ2分間実施した(回転数60rpm).また,同様に最大随意的筋収縮の45-50%でアイソメトリックハンドグリップ運動を1分間実施した.いずれの条件の運動においても非温熱性要因による発汗と皮膚血流反応は温熱性要因のレベルが低い状況では大きくなった.このことからcentral commandsなどの非温熱性要因が熱放散反応に及ぼす影響は体温調節系が駆動し始めた時に大きくなることが推察された. 平成9年度と10年度の研究より,運動時における人の熱放散反応は非温熱性要因としてのcentral commandsに影響され,非温熱性要因の影響は熱放散反応が駆動し始めた時に大きくなることが明らかとなった.このことから,非温熱性要因の役割として,深部体温などが変化する前に熱放散反応を引き起こす補助的な働きを有していることが考えられた.
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奨励研究(A), 神戸大学, 1996年 - 1996年トレーニング環境の違いが体温調節反応に及ぼす影響本研究ではトレーニング環境の違いが身体の調節機能に及ぼす影響を検討するため、水中でトレーニングしている者と陸上でトレーニングしている者の運動時体温調節機構、特に発汗調節の違いを比較した. 水中でトレーニングしている者として水泳選手7名(年齢19±1才、身長174.6±5.0cm、体重66.2kg、最大酸素摂取量57.4±3.7ml/kg/minおよび%脂肪11.39±0.90%)、陸上でトレーニングしている者として陸上競技者1名、サッカー選手5名および野球選手2名(計8名、年齢20±1才、身長170.6±5.6cm、体重65.6±6.6kg、最大酸素摂取量58.3±4.8ml/kg/minおよび%脂肪11.37±3.10%)に対して、最大酸素摂取量の50%の自転車運動を40分間負荷した.環境条件は環境温25℃、相対湿度50%とし、実験中の直腸温、皮膚温(前腕、胸部、大腿および下腿)、局所発汗量(前腕と肩甲骨下部;カプセル換気法)、酸素摂取量および心拍数を連続的(毎分)に測定した.また,実験前後の体重測定より、体重減少量を算出した. 両グループの身体特性には顕著な差は認められなかった.運動中の酸素摂取量、心拍数、直腸温および平均皮膚温はグループ間に差がなかったが、背部の局所発汗量は陸上でトレーニングしているグループの方が多かった(P<0.05).また、平均体温と局所発汗量の関係においても背部にグループ差が認められた.これらのことから、トレーニングを行う環境(水中で行うのか、陸上で行うのか)の違いによって運動時の体温調節機構の改善の程度は異なり、陸上でトレーニングを行う方がその程度は大きいことが考えられる.また、その違いは身体の躯幹部のみの発汗量に認められたことは、トレーニングを行う環境の影響は末梢の要因に起因している可能性があることを示唆している.
- 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奨励研究(A), 神戸大学, 1995年 - 1995年筋や腱の機械受容器が運動時の発汗調節に及ぼす影響高温下で運動を開始すると、深部体温や皮膚温が変化していないにも関わらず、発汗が起こる.この発汗には筋や筋や腱の機械受容器が関与している可能性がある.そこで本研究では、運動時の発汗調節に腱の機械受容器からの求心性インパルスがどのように関与するのかを明らかにすることを目的とした. Water perfused suiteを用いて皮膚温を約37℃上昇させ、発汗を引き起こさせた.被験者にス-ツ着用後自転車エルゴメータ上で約40分間安静を保持してもらい、その後片足をペダルに置き、30、60および90rpmの受動自転車運動を休息(約5分間)を挟んでそれぞれ2分間実施した.実験中の心拍数、酸素摂取量、食道温、皮膚温(前腕、胸部、大腿および下腿)および局所発汗量(前腕、胸部;カプセル換気法)を連続的(毎秒)に測定した.なお、被験者は成人男性8名(年齢18.7±0.3歳、身長170.9±1.9cmおよび体重63.2±1.5kg)で、実験室の環境温は23〜25℃、相対湿度は54〜58%であった. 受動自転車運動開始後、食道温と平均皮膚温には顕著な変化は認められなかったが、60と90rpmにおいていずれの部位の局所発汗量も運動開始前のそれと比較して有意に増加した.しかし、30rpmにおいては局所発汗量の顕著な増加は認められなかった.また、酸素摂取量も60と90rpmにおいて有意に増加した.このことから、運動時の発汗調節には筋や腱の機械受容器からの求心性インパルスが関与しており、その程度は回転数(求心性インパルスの量)に依存している可能性があることが示唆された.