Research activity information

• Does economic self-interest determine public attitudes toward immigrants? An econometric case study in Japan

  Ana Maria Takahashi, Shingo Takahashi

  Mar. 2024, Asian Economic Journal, English

  [Refereed]


• Financial incentives and health provider behaviour: Evidence from a capitation policy in Ghana

  Adolf Kwadzo Dzampe, Shingo Takahashi

  Oct. 2023, Health Economics, English

  [Refereed]


• Productive managers, productive branches, and the rewards. Evidence from the cooperative banks in Sri Lanka

  Arandarage Mayura Prasad Arandara, Shingo Takahashi

  Informa UK Limited, Dec. 2022, Applied Economics, 1 - 19, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Competition and quality of care under regulated fees: evidence from Ghana

  Adolf Kwadzo Dzampe, Shingo Takahashi

  Abstract Background How competition affects the quality of care is still not well understood empirically because of limited and mixed results. This study examined whether competition leads to higher or lower quality health outcomes in Ghana. Methods We used administrative claims data of hypertension patients for 2017 – 2019 (36 months), and an instrumental variable method to examine the effect of competition, measured as an increase in district doctor-to-population ratio on hospital-level ambulatory care sensitive condition hospitalization and in-hospital death rates. Results Overall, we found that an increase in doctor density improves the quality of care for hypertension patients in Ghana. That is, when there are more doctors, fewer patients are hospitalized, and the risk of in-hospital deaths decreases. This result is robust to analyses at the individual and district population levels for ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations rate. Conclusions Our findings suggest that in the presence of physician-induced demand, competition can lead to improvement in the quality of care, possibly through improved access to healthcare and increased physician time and contact per patient. Future health policies need to consider possible welfare benefits of induced medical services and training more doctors.

  Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Nov. 2022, Health Economics Review, 12(1) (1), English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Productivity analysis of cooperative banks in Sri Lanka using input distance function estimations

  Arandarage Mayura, Prasad Arandara, Shingo Takahashi

  Sep. 2022, Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Competition and physician-induced demand in a healthcare market with regulated price: evidence from Ghana

  Adolf Kwadzo Dzampe, Shingo Takahashi

  Abstract Using panel data of administrative claims spanning 36 months (2017–2019) and an instrumental variable method, this study examines whether physician-induced demand for hypertension disease care exists in Ghana’s healthcare system where price is regulated, and there is no co-payment. We find that an increase in competition—measured as a high doctor-to-population ratio at the district level—leads to an increase in the number of physician visits, suggesting physician-induced demand exists, and that effects are greater for large hospitals and public health providers. This result is further supported by alternative measures and specifications showing that physicians’ revenue from medication and gross revenue increase as the physician density increases. These pattern suggest that physicians in high density areas, faced with a decrease in number of patients per physician, make up for the decline in income by inducing more patient visits.

  Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Sep. 2022, International Journal of Health Economics and Management, 22(3) (3), 295 - 313, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• The Impact of Smart Prepaid Metering on Non-Technical Losses in Ghana

  Gideon Otchere-Appiah, Shingo Takahashi, Mavis Serwaa Yeboah, Yuichiro Yoshida

  The high incidence of electricity theft, meter tampering, meter bypassing, reading errors, and defective and aged meters, among others, increases utility losses, especially non-technical losses (NTL). A utility in Ghana piloted a non-technical loss reduction program in 2019 to replace postpaid meters with anti-tamper, anti-fraud, and anti-theft smart prepaid meters. By using customer-level residential billing panel data from 2018 to 2019 obtained from the utility, we assess the effectiveness of this program using the difference-in-differences fixed-effect approach. On average, the results indicated that the reported amount of customers’ monthly electricity consumption increases by 13.2% when any tampered postpaid meter is replaced with a smart prepaid meter, indicating the NTLs by customers. We further employed quantile difference-in-differences regression and observed that reported energy consumption has increased for all households except those at the lower quantile (25th quantile). We conclude that smart prepaid metering could be a remedy to reduce NTLs for the electricity distribution sector in areas where electricity theft is rampant.

  MDPI AG, Mar. 2021, Energies, 14(7) (7), 1852 - 1852, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Multi-tasking Incentives and informative value of Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi, Hideo Owan, Tsuyoshi Tsuru, Katsuhito Uehara

  Mar. 2021, Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 74, 511 - 543, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Gender Promotion Gap in Japanese Academia in 2004-2013: Has It Changed Over Time?

  Ana Maria Takahashi, Shingo Takahashi, Atsuko Ueda

  2019, Kobe University Discussion Paper No.1914, English

  Scientific journal

  Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)


• Gender Gaps in STEM in Japanese Academia: The Impact of Research Productivity, Outside Offers, and Home Life on Pay

  Ana Maria Takahashi, Shingo Takahashi, Thomas Maloney

  Sep. 2018, The Social Science Journal,, 55(3) (3), 245 - 272, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• The Impact of Household Wealth on Child Survival in Ghana

  Stella Lartey, Rasheda Khanam, Shingo Takahashi

  2016, Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 35(38) (38), 1 - 16, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Gender Salary and Promotion Differences in Japanese Academia: Results from Science and Engineering

  Ana Maria Takahashi, Shingo Takahashi

  2015, IUJ Research Institute Working Paper Series EMS-2014-07, English

  Scientific journal


• Gender Promotion Differences in Economics Departments in Japan: A Duration Analysis

  Ana Maria Takahashi, Shingo Takahashi

  2015, Journal of Asian Economics, 41, 1 - 19, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Finding Good Managers: An Econometric Case Study of a Large Japanese Auto Dealership

  Shingo Takahashi, Hideo Owan, Tsuyoshi Tsuru, Katsuhito Uehara

  2014, IUJ Research Institute Working Paper Series EMS-2014-08, English

  Scientific journal


• Gender Salary Differences in Economics Departments in Japan

  Ana Maria Takahashi, Shingo Takahashi

  Dec. 2011, Economics of Education Review, 30, 1306 - 1319, English

  [Refereed]


• How Multi-tasking Job Designs Affect Productivity: Evidence from Australian Coal Mining Industry

  Shingo Takahashi

  Lead, Oct. 2011, Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 64(5) (5), 841 - 862, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Theories and Practices of Subjective Performance Evaluations: Evidence from Matched Personnel and Transaction Records and Employee Survey Data in a Large Japanese Auto Sales Company

  Shingo Takahashi, Tsuyoshi Tsuru, Katuhito Uehara

  Lead, Oct. 2011, The Economic Review (Hitotsubashi University), 62(4) (4), 289 - 330, Japanese

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• An Estimation of the Work Disincentive Effects of the Spousal Deduction and the Social Security Systems on the Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women

  Shingo Takahashi

  Lead, Dec. 2010, Japan Labor Review, (605) (605), Japanese

  [Refereed][Invited]

  Scientific journal


• A Structural Estimation of the Effects of Spousal Tax Deduction and Social Security System on the Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women

  Shingo Takahashi

  2010, IUJ Research Institute Working Paper Series EMS-2010-08, English

  Scientific journal


• Determinants of Job Related Stress of Academic Economists in Japan

  Ana Maria Takahashi, Shingo Takahashi

  2010, The Japanese Economy, 37(2) (2), 120 - 127, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• The Effect of Refereed Articles on Salary, Promotion and Labor Mobility: The Case of Japanese Economists

  Ana Maria Takahashi, Shingo Takahashi

  2010, Economics Bulletin, 30(1) (1), 330 - 350, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Gender Promotion Differences in Economics Departments in Japan: A Semi-parametric Duration Analysis

  Ana Maria Takahashi, Shingo Takahashi

  2009, GSIR Working Papers (International University of Japan), Economic Analysis & Policy Series EAP09-4, English

  Scientific journal


• Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women: Sensitivity Analysis and A New Estimate

  Shingo Takahashi, Masumi Kawade, Ryuta Kay Kato

  Lead, 2009, GSIR Working Papers (International University of Japan), Economic Analysis & Policy Series EAPO9-5, English

  Scientific journal


• Spousal Tax Deduction, Social Security System and the Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women

  Shingo Takahashi, Masumi Kawade, Ryuta Kay Kato

  2009, GSIR Working Papers (International University of Japan), Economic Analysis & Policy Series EAPO9-7, English

  Scientific journal


• The Structure of Compensation and CEO Job Turnover

  Shingo Takahashi

  2006, GSIR Working Papers (International University of Japan), Economic Analysis & Policy Series EAP06-1, English

  Scientific journal

• Compensating wage differential as a cover for discrimination

  Shingo Takahashi

  Western Economic Association Annual Conference, Jun. 2026, English

  [Invited]

  Oral presentation


• Compensating wage differential as a cover for discrimination

  Shingo Takahashi

  Personnel Economics Workshop, May 2026, English

  [Invited]

  Oral presentation


• Compensating wage differential as a cover for discrimination

  Shingo Takahashi

  Kansai Labor Economics Seminar, May 2026, Japanese

  [Invited]

  Oral presentation


• Compensating wage differential as a cover for discrimination

  Shingo Takahashi

  University of Wollongong Economics Seminar, Feb. 2026, English

  [Invited]

  Oral presentation


• Productive managers, productive branches, and the reward: Evidence from the Rural Cooperative Banks in Sri Lanka

  Shingo Takahashi

  国際大学セミナー, Mar. 2025, English

  [Invited]

  Oral presentation


• Multitasking Incentives and the Informativeness of Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi

  University of Wollongong Economic Seminar, Mar. 2024, English

  [Invited]


• Working with personnel data within a firm

  Shingo Takahashi

  University of Wollongong Economic Workshop, Mar. 2024, English

  [Invited]


• Productive managers, productive branches, and the reward: Evidence from the Rural Cooperative Banks in Sri Lanka

  Shingo Takahashi

  University Spiru Haret, Workshop, Aug. 2023, English

  [Invited]


• Productive managers, productive branches, and the reward: Evidence from the Rural Cooperative Banks in Sri Lanka

  Shingo Takahashi

  Western Economic Association International, Apr. 2023, English

  [Invited]

  Oral presentation


• Productive managers, productive branches, and the reward: Evidence from the Rural Cooperative Banks in Sri Lanka

  Shingo Takahashi

  経済学セミナー、兵庫県立大学, Nov. 2022, English

  [Invited]


• The effects of special support grants for female academics in science, engineering, and agricultural fields on the gender promotion gap

  Ana Maria Takahashi

  Jul. 2021


• Doing Science with Personnel data

  Shingo Takahashi

  University Spiru Haret, Workshop, Aug. 2019

  [Invited]


• Multitasking Incentives and Informativeness of Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi

  University Spiru Haret, Workshop, Aug. 2018


• Multitasking Incentives and Informativeness of Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi

  International University of Japan, Workshop, Mar. 2018

  [Invited]


• Multitasking Incentives and Informativeness of Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi

  Western Economic Association International, Jan. 2018


• Multitasking Incentives and Biases in Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi

  Singapore Management University, Department of Economics, Workshop, Mar. 2017

  [Invited]


• Married Women’s Labor Supply Response to the 2004 Spousal Tax Exemption Reform

  Shingo Takahashi

  関西労働研究会, Apr. 2016


• Married Women’s Labor Supply Response to the 2004 Spousal Tax Exemption Reform

  Shingo Takahashi

  東京労働経済学研究会, Mar. 2016

  [Invited]


• Multi-tasking Incentives and Biases in Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi

  名古屋大学「ゲーム理論とその応用」セミナー, Oct. 2014

  [Invited]


• Multi-tasking Incentives and Biases in Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi

  Japanese Economic Association, Mar. 2014

  [Invited]


• Multi-tasking Incentives and Biases in Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi

  Western Economic Association International, Keio University, Jun. 2013

  [Invited]


• Multi-tasking Incentives and Biases in Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi

  International Workshop on the Personnel Economics, University of Tokyo, Mar. 2013


• Multi-tasking Incentives and Biases in Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi

  神戸大学六甲フォーラム, Dec. 2012

  [Invited]


• Multi-tasking Incentives and Biases in Subjective Performance Evaluation

  Shingo Takahashi

  関西労働研究会, Nov. 2012

  [Invited]


• 主観的業績評価の理論と現実—大手自動車販売会社の人事記録・社員意識調査接合データによる検証

  Shingo Takahashi

  Hitotsubashi University Seminar, Jun. 2011

  [Invited]


• A Structural Estimation of the Effects of Spousal Tax Deduction and Social Security System on the Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women

  Shingo Takahashi

  GRIPS (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies) Seminar in Economics, Dec. 2010

  [Invited]


• A Structural Estimation of the Effects of Spousal Tax Deduction and Social Security System on the Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women

  Shingo Takahashi

  慶応大学 応用ミクロ経済学・若手研究者 ワークショップ, Jul. 2010

  [Invited]


• A Structural Estimation of the Effects of Spousal Tax Deduction and Social Security System on the Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women

  Shingo Takahashi

  東京労働経済学研究会, May 2010

  [Invited]


• A Structural Estimation of the Effects of Spousal Tax Deduction and Social Security System on the Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women

  Shingo Takahashi

  関西労働研究会, Apr. 2010


• A Structural Estimation of the Effects of Spousal Tax Deduction and Social Security System on the Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women

  Shingo Takahashi

  国立社会保障・人口問題研究所セミナー, Feb. 2010

  [Invited]


• Gender Promotion Differences in Economics Departments in Japan: A Semi-parametric Duration Analysis

  Shingo Takahashi

  Japanese Economic Association, Oct. 2009

  [Invited]


• Gender Promotion Differences in Economics Departments in Japan: A Semi-parametric Duration Analysis

  Shingo Takahashi

  関西労働研究会, May 2009

  [Invited]


• Gender Promotion Differences in Economics Departments in Japan: A Semi-parametric Duration Analysis

  Shingo Takahashi

  東京労働経済学研究会, Apr. 2009

  [Invited]


• Gender Promotion Differences in Economics Departments in Japan: A Semi-parametric Duration Analysis

  Shingo Takahashi

  慶応義塾大学公共経済セミナー, Apr. 2009

  [Invited]


• How Multi-Tasking Job Designs Affect Productivity: Evidence from Australian Coal Mining Industry

  Shingo Takahashi

  関西労働研究会, Nov. 2008

  [Invited]


• How Multi-Tasking Job Designs Affect Productivity: Evidence from Australian Coal Mining Industry

  Shingo Takahashi

  一橋大学、産業労働ワークショップ, Oct. 2008

  [Invited]


• How Multi-Tasking Job Designs Affect Productivity: Evidence from Australian Coal Mining Industry

  Shingo Takahashi

  評価のＯＲ学会月例報告会、静岡大学, Sep. 2008

  [Invited]


• How Multi-Tasking Job Designs Affect Productivity: Evidence from Australian Coal Mining Industry

  Shingo Takahashi

  XXIII National Conference of Labor Economics (Italian Labor Economics Association, University of Brescia), Italy, Sep. 2008

  [Invited]


• How Multi-Tasking Job Designs Affect Productivity: Evidence from Australian Coal Mining Industry

  Shingo Takahashi

  横浜国立大学 近代経済セミナー, Jun. 2008

  [Invited]


• How Multi-Tasking Job Designs Affect Productivity: Evidence from Australian Coal Mining Industry

  Shingo Takahashi

  Institute of Applied Economics and Social Research, University of Melbourne, Workshop, Jun. 2008

  [Invited]

• The estimation of the gender salary and promotion differences in female majority occupations, and the examination of the compensating wage differential hypothesis

  高橋 新吾

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Kobe University, Apr. 2024 - Mar. 2029


• Measurement of human capital investment and productivity mechanisms within firms

  大湾 秀雄, 相澤 俊明, 黒田 祥子, 高橋 新吾, 川口 大司, 佐藤 香織

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Waseda University, Apr. 2023 - Mar. 2028


• Using country-level panel data of codified immigration policies to estimate the effects of immigration policies on natives' attitudes towards immigrants

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 01 Apr. 2020 - 31 Mar. 2024


• The estimation of supervisor effects, and the structural estimation of the learning model of supervisor assignment

  高橋 新吾, 都留 康

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hiroshima University, 01 Apr. 2019 - 31 Mar. 2023

  従属変数の定義を変更するなどして、大幅な推定の変更を行った。現在までは、、店舗のパフォーマンス指標としして、車販売員一人当たりの販売利益をもって店舗のパフォーマンス指標としていた。しかし、このパフォーマンス指標はメンテナンスショップから来る利益を考慮していない。本年度は、メンテナンスショップが楽る利益もパフォーマンス指標に含められるように、必要なデータを取得した。まず、メンテナンスショップの獲得利益のデータを取得した。つぎにすべての従業員の過去の配属状況に関するデータも入手し、このデータをもとに各店舗のメンテナンス要員数を各年ごとに計算できるようになった。これをもとに、メンテナンスショップの従業員一人当たりの獲得利益を計算し、再推定を行った。
  更に、店長効果を推定する際に問題になっていた、店長の内生性的配置から来るバイアスの修正に対応することが出来た。店長効果の推定に関しては、店長の各店舗への配属が内生的であると、店長効果の推定値にバイアスが生じる。このバイアスの補正を行うため、まずLearning Modelの推定を行い、それをもとに店長が各店舗に配属される確率を推定した。次に、この確率を店長効果推定式に変数としていれることによって、バイアスの補正を行った。


• Study of Productivity Differences among Firms and Labor Policy Issues using Personnel and Other Internal Corporate Data

  大湾 秀雄, 朝井 友紀子, 黒田 祥子, 岡島 成治, 高橋 新吾, 川口 大司, 佐藤 香織, 木村 寛子

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Waseda University, 01 Apr. 2018 - 31 Mar. 2023

  主として、５つの成果を出すことが出来た。まず、Kitagawa et al. (2021)では、大手製造業企業４社においてコロナ下の在宅勤務調査を実施し、緊急事態宣言後の生産性の低下の主要な要因は、自宅で仕事を行ううえでのPC・通信インフラの未整備や、社内外とのコミュニケーションの問題が大きいことを明らかにした。一方、在宅勤務は従業員のメンタルヘルスを改善することもわかった。２つめに、みずほリサーチ＆テクノロジーズと共同で大手都市銀行の顧客企業を対象に働き方改革の実態調査を行い、働き方改革の広がりと、残業時間、離職率、企業業績への効果について検証を行った。高橋他（2021）で明らかにしたように、ＲＯＡや一人当たり売上でとらえた企業業績に対する効果は、柔軟な出退勤施策、業務選別施策、IT活用施策が正の押上効果を持つ可能性が示唆された。３つめに、Shangguan,DeVaro and Owan (2021)では、建築設計会社のプロジェクト管理データを用いて、金融不況後の需要の低下が、長時間労働の是正を通じて、生産性改善につながったエビデンスを示した。長時間労働の減少が疲労の解消・集中力の高まりにより個々人の生産性を高めただけでなく、さらにチーム内業務の再配分を通じてより生産性の高い人に傾斜配分されていた。４つめに、製造業企業1社の協力を得て、その社員に対して行った禁煙支援プログラムの影響評価を行い、禁煙は、たばこ休憩時間の解消、プレゼンティーイズムの向上、アブセンティーイズムの減少を通じて、短期的にも生産性を押し上げることを明らかにした。最後に、空輸業における人事データを用いて、客室乗務員の非正規化が、離職率を高め、出産時期を遅らせる一方、逆に正規化がそれと逆の変化を引き起こすことを示した。最後の２つの成果は2021年6月にRIETIディスカッションペーパーとして公表される。


• Socio-economic indicators of areas close to military bases: An empirical study of Okinawa

  Abe Yukiko

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory), Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory), Hokkaido University, 30 Jun. 2017 - 31 Mar. 2020

  We use Census data to investigate the presence of military bases on the prevalence of single motherhood in the area. The proportion of children raised by single mothers is high in municipalities in Okinawa in which US bases are located. In 1990, the base towns had a much higher proportion of single mothers than elsewhere. Single motherhood has increased everywhere, but that increase has been larger in areas outside of the US base towns. As a result, the difference between the US base towns and elsewhere has diminished.


• The Empirical Investigation of the Theory of Subjective Performance Evaluation Using Personnel Data

  Takahashi Shingo, Owan Hideo, Tsuru Tsuyoshi, Uehara Katsuhito

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 01 Apr. 2016 - 31 Mar. 2019

  Using personnel records of sales representatives in a large car sales company, this study shows that subjective evaluations are less sensitive to objectively measured sales performance in the presence of other hard-to-measure tasks, validating that subjective evaluations are used to provide balanced multitasking incentives. We find that subjective evaluations on average predict future sales performance of workers, suggesting that they have informative content. However, the response of workers who receive lower than expected evaluations differs by supervisor experience: those who are evaluated by inexperienced supervisors quit more often while those who are evaluated by experienced supervisors respond with lower sales next period. Further examination suggests that experienced supervisors are better able to communicate and bring about desired worker behavior.


• An internatinal comparative study on labor market outcomes of highly educated women

  Abe Yukiko, OHNO Yuka, USUI Emiko, OHYAMA Atsushi, Brunello Giorgio, Goffette-Nagot Florence, Daripa Arup

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2018

  The main findings of the project are the following three. First, based on the original survey of STEM field researchers, Takahashi et al. (2018) find that a 6% pay gap exists after controlling for research productivity. They do not find a motherhood wage penalty. Second, Kawabata and Abe (2018) explore intra-metropolitan spatial patterns of female labor force participation in the Tokyo metropolitan area, and find that married mothers residing in the inner suburbs tend to work less than married mothers residing elsewhere. Finally, Kodama et al. (2018) examine the effect of foreign ownership on gender-related employment outcomes and work practices in Japan. The analysis suggests that foreign affiliates in Japan seem to utilize female workforce effectively. Therefore, the foreign direct investment has a potential to improve allocation of female talent.


• Early careers of female researcher - fixed term contract, timing of birth, and research productivity

  Takahashi Ana Maria, TAKAHASHI Shingo

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), Kobe University, 01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2018

  To understand these differences, economists must examine a complex array of potentially significant factors, such as institutional context, productivity differences, child-bearing and home production, and bargaining behavior. Many of these factors are not well captured by standard census data. I use a new survey of academics in Japan to better understand the sources of gender pay and promotion differences. I find a 6% pay gap which persists when we control for research productivity, despite an institutional context shaped by explicit salary tables. I similarly find an early-career promotion gap when we control for productivity; however, late-career promotion differences are well-explained by our productivity measures. Mothers and childless women earn similar salary, although this may be the result of positive selectivity into early motherhood that conceals the motherhood wage penalty. Gender salary gaps are not affected by differences in outside job offers.


• Empirical research on the functions of internal labor markets and the effects of human resource policies

  Owan Hideojyo

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), The University of Tokyo, 01 Apr. 2013 - 31 Mar. 2018

  Our research produced results with rich policy implications regarding how to promote women’s advancement in the workplace, working style reform, health management, and the improvement of evaluation systems. (1) we find that gender segregation in jobs, late promotion, low return to job transfers for women, and gap in work allocation might have contributed to gender gap in pay and promotion. (2) we show that process changes that encourage early coordination among developers could lead to shorter overtime hours and higher product quality through leveling of workload. (3) we find that long overtime work, holiday work, night work, and short rest period had a significant causal effect on mental health. (4) although the employer 's speed of learning employee ability through supervisor evaluation is fast, evaluation by subordinates and colleagues also contain useful information, and the subjective nature of supervisor evaluation might cause bias that cause inefficient voluntary quits.


• Effectiveness of the internal labor market to give to workers' productivity - Evidence from Personnel and Transaction Records

  UEHARA Katsuhito, OWAN Hideo, TAKAHASHI Shingo

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Tenri University, 01 Apr. 2014 - 31 Mar. 2017

  First, we examine the incentive effect of discontinuous and nonlinear compensation scheme, using transaction data provided by two North American auto dealerships. We find that a measure of time-varying incentive intensity has a positive effect on the distribution of daily sales, suggesting that salespersons adjust their effort levels in response to the intensity of the incentive. On the other hand, incentive intensity has a negative impact on the dealership's gross profit rate, suggesting that employees are gaming the system by lowering the prices they offer customers in order to achieve more sales and larger commissions. Second, we examine the relationships between the structure of communication network and member/group productivity. Using wearable sensor technologies, a sociometric badge, face-to-face communication time between members of workplace is measured. As the result, betweeness centrality in communication network has a positive effect on team performance, self-solution rate.


• Analysis of Current Status and Issues on Young and Woman Economists

  Ueda Atsuko, ABE Yukiko, KOHARA Miki, NOGUCHI Haruko, USUI Emiko, YOSHIDA Keiko, TAKAHASHI Shingo, TAKAHASHI Ana Maria, MIYOSHI Koyo

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Waseda University, 01 Apr. 2013 - 31 Mar. 2016

  We conducted a survey by questionnaire on Ph.D. students and fixed-term research associates and assistant professors in economics, in order to study young economists’ needs for supporting their research activities. The results of the survey indicate that young researchers actively present research papers at academic meetings and submitting papers to academic journals. However, instructions at graduate schools and research fund might not be provided satisfactory, and young researchers are worried about their research achievements for finding faculty positions. Also, data analyses using national surveys on school and teachers as well as independent surveys indicate that professor classification (salary) are lower for women than men with controlling age (age and professor classification). Ratio of women faculty positively correlates to ratio of woman students and probability to high new women faculty members.


• Structural estimation of the effects of spousal tax exemptions on the Labor supply of Japanese married women

  Takahashi Shingo

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), International University of Japan, 01 Apr. 2012 - 31 Mar. 2016

  The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of 2004 spousal tax exemption reform on the labor supply of Japanese married women. This reform reduced the total amount of spousal tax exemption to a half, shifting the budget constraint of married women downward. I used the shift in the budget constraint as the “treatment variable”, and estimated the effect of 2004 spousal tax reform on the married women’s labor supply using the difference in difference estimation. This study found that the 2004 reform did not increase the annual hours worked, nor did it increase the labor force participation of Japanese married women.


• The empirical study on the function of internal labor market from the integrated perspective of giving short and long term incentives to workers

  UEHARA Katsuhito, TSURU Tsuyoshi, OWAN Hideo, TAKAHASHI Shingo

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 01 Apr. 2010 - 31 Mar. 2013

  This study consist of two analyses. First one is the positive and negative effects of subjective performance evaluations and the other one is the effect and characteristics of good store managers. From first analyses, following three results are identified. (1) Subjective evaluations enhance incentives if workers engage in multi-tasking type of jobs.(2) It is also strengthen incentives if they face uncontrollable risks. (3) Bias including favoritism negatively influence the productivity. From second analyses, following three findings are obtained. (1) Replacing "bad" managers by "good" managers improve the store profit by 14%. (2) "Good" managers has same characteristics including youth and broader experiences. (3) To realize better productivity of stores, the selection of "good" managers are more vital factor than the training of managers.


• Gender differences in salary, promotion and labor mobility in the Japanese academic labor market

  TAKAHASHI Shingo, TAKAHASHI Ana maria

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), International University of Japan, 2009 - 2011

  By using unique survey data, we conduct a detailed study of the gender salary gap within economics departments in Japan. Despite the presence of rigid pay scales emphasizing age and experience, there is a 0.7% gender salary gap after controlling for rank and detailed personal, job, institutional and human capital characteristics. This gender salary gap exists within ranks. We find no gender promotion differences. In addition, we find a concentration of the salary gap in public universities and in research oriented universities. Our results show no evidence that the gender salary gap is reducing over time, and reject the hypothesis that females' choice between household work and market activities is responsible for the gender salary gap.


• The effects of foreign as well as female labor force on the long-run economic growth in an aging Japan

  KATO Ryuta, KAWADE Masumi, TAKAHASHI Shingo

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), International University of Japan, 2007 - 2008

  我が国は近い将来急速な高齢化社会に突入すると同時に、総人口も減少することが予想されている。総人口の減少は労働人口減少をさらに加速させるであろう。労働人口の減少はマクロレベルでみれば将来の経済成長に大きくマイナスに働くであろう。労働人口減少に伴う経済成長の鈍化は税収の減少などを引き起こすとともに、高齢化社会の到来と相まってさらに年金財政や医療財政を圧迫するであろう。このような問題意識の中、本稿は女性労働供給の経済成長に与える影響を計算可能な多世代重複一般均衡モデルで分析した。女性労働供給に影響を与える要因は様々であろう。育児や介護の影響も極めて大きいであろう。当然のことながら育児や介護に関わる政策を重んじるなら、これらの政策の財政的側面も政府予算という枠組みの中で明示的に考慮しなくてはならない。女性労働供給を刺激する政策はその政策に関わる財政支出を増加刺せるであろう。一方、女性労働供給増に伴って将来の経済成長が好転するならば、その結果として財政収入も増加するであろう。したがって、総合的には財政収支は好転するかもしれない。また、各家計の視点で考えれば、このような政策はそれぞれの家計の効用水準にも影響を与えるであろう。仮に政府の財政収支が好転したとしても家計の効用水準が低下するのであればこのような政策は支持されない。このような総合的な政策に関わる評価判断は数値解析的に行われなければならないであろう。さらに、長期的な影響を分析する場合、定常状態のみの比較ではなく、移行過程における異なった世代への影響が極めて重要である。従って、本稿では計算可能な多世代重複一般均衡モデルの枠組みを使って、女性労働供給とそれに関わる政策の影響を長期的な経済成長への影響という視点で分析する。一般均衡モデルはすべての経済依存関係を明示的に取り入れているので、先に述べた政府予算を満たすような様々な政策の総合的な影響を見ることが出来る。また、数値解析的に分析を行うので、移行期過程を含めて異なった世代の効用水準を等価変分などを用いることによって数値的に示すことが出来る。さらに、将来の人口ピラミッド構成を現実的に与えた点も大きな特徴である。女性労働供給が将来の経済成長へどのような影響を見るかをみるためには、将来の男女別人口が重要な鍵を握る。本稿ではシミュレーション分析をより現実的な状況に近づけるために最新の『日本の将来推計人口』(国立社会保障・人口問題研究所)を利用した。女性労働供給は長期的な経済成長にとって重要であることがシミュレーション分析で明らかにされた。とくに、もし現行の状態が続いた場合、2050年には2030年の13%程度の総生産減が見込まれる。一方、2010年以降、家事育児負担が10%減少するシナリオでは長期的には標準ケースに比べて総生産を3%増加させる。実際、総労働力供給は家事育児負担の影響の緩和で、2010年以降、約2.5%近く上昇しており、総資本も3%程度増加している。なお、女性労働供給は非常に高くなっていることが分かる。すなわち、女性の労働参加の推進はマクロ経済に正の影響を与えることが分かる。


• Estimation of the effect of Industrial Relations Reform in Australian Coal Mining Industry on productivity using DEA and Statistical Methods

  TAKAHASHI Shingo

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (Start-up), Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (Start-up), International University of Japan, 2007 - 2008

  仕事の組織は過去変化を遂げてきた。特に仕事の細分化を減らし、マルチタスクな組織へ移行することは、一つの大きな流れであった。この研究は、組織のマルチタスク化が生産性にどのように、どの程度影響を与えうるのかを、オーストラリアの石炭産業を例にとって研究した。この研究で分かったことは、(1)マルチタスク化は生産性に非常に大きな影響を与えるということ、また(2)生産性上昇のメカニズムは、比較的シンプルなものであるということである。


• Comprehensive research on Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)-Theory and Applications-

  MORITA Hiroshi, TONE Kaoru, FUKUYAMA Hirofumi, UEDA Toru, HIROTSU Nobuyoshi, JITSUZUMI Toshiya, SEKITANI Kazuyuki, TAKAHASHI Shingo, SHINOHARA Masaaki

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Osaka University, 2006 - 2008

  DEAにおける理論と応用の両面からの展開とその融合研究を行った。ネットワークDEAや不確実性下のDEA、評価指標の開発などの理論的貢献とこれらの成果の多様な分野への適用による事例研究における応用面での貢献を得ることができた。さらに、国際シンポジウムの開催や外国人研究者の招へいなどによる国際交流の活性化および国内におけるDEA研究の中心的役割を果たすことができた。