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KONISHI TsukasaGraduate School of Maritime Sciences / Department of Maritime SciencesAssistant Professor
Research activity information
■ Paper- Oct. 2025, WMU JOURNAL OF MARITIME AFFAIRS, EnglishScientific journal
- Informa UK Limited, Jul. 2025, Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 1 - 17[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Faculty of Navigation, 2025, TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 19(4) (4), 1179 - 1185Scientific journal
- The International Maritime Organization (IMO) began developing a regulatory framework for MASS in 2018. In the case of a manned MASS, it is assumed that the ship’s maneuvering authority is suddenly transferred from the automated system to the officer on board. Unfortunately, owing to this autonomous system, newer seafarers skills and experience may be relatively lower than traditional seafarers. Numerous emergency scenarios require rapid decision-making. Thus, elucidating experience-based attributes of response time is essential for expressing the competencies required for future MASS officers. In this study, assuming the realization of autonomous navigation at Degree 1 or Degree 2, this study aims to clarify the features of the time taken by ship operators to respond to an emergency, including the first actions taken as an emergency response. The experiment was conducted with three groups: students, officers, and captains. In this experiment, a sudden transfer of the right to maneuver was simulated. Therefore, a whiteboard was used to keep the display out of sight until the beginning of the scenario. he participants maneuvered the ship to respond to an emergency by avoiding collisions with another vessel. The features of each group’s emergency response were analyzed based on the presence or absence of a collision in the scenario, the time required to respond to the emergency, and the type of initial response. According to the results, the response time of the Student and Officer groups in the non-collision team was relatively short because they judged that the time available to recognize the situation was insufficient and tried to make more time and distance. Furthermore, the response time of the Captain group was relatively long because they responded to the situation after gathering sufficient situational awareness.Lead, Japan Institute of Navigation, 2025, Transactions of Navigation, 10(2) (2), 69 - 75, English[Refereed]
- Global maritime traffic is increasing, and the development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) is progressing. Demonstrations have been carried out, and the first fully autonomous voyage under human supervision was completed in Norway in 2023. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is developing regulations for the introduction of MASS and aims to issue a mandatory MASS Code in 2032. Research is being conducted on the actual management of engine plants and maintenance methods for the realization of MASS, but research on how to safely operate and manage ships is still lacking. The aim of this paper is to capture an overview of the changes in ship management with the advent of MASS by means of a questionnaire survey of seafarers in ocean shipping companies. Cooperation was obtained from 100 captains and deck officers to clarify this objective. Regarding the items studied, an analysis is made of the expected changes in ship management and how they are expected to change in the future.Japan Institute of Navigation, 2025, Transactions of Navigation, 10(2) (2), 45 - 56, English[Refereed]
- Globally, advancements toward the development of autonomous ships are accelerating. However, there has been inadequate focus on the fallback measures—specifically, how to safely revert control to human operators when the system fails to respond adequately. It is essential to specify the skills that marine officers on future autonomous ships will need, such as making rapid collision avoidance decisions. Prior research shown that indicating differences in preparatory actions based on experience even in standard navigation. It is plausible that similar variances of pre-evasion actions exist in emergencies, and understanding these could be pivotal in determining the skills required for seafarers on future autonomous ships. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the characteristics of actions taken by navigators before initiating emergency evasion maneuvers. This study highlights distinct differences in the ability to gather and utilize information based on the level of experience among navigators. Despite their diligent efforts to thoroughly observe their surroundings, inexperienced students were unable to gather sufficient information to avoid collisions. In contrast, among officers with some experience, those in the non-collision group spent relatively more time per instance observing the radar and were considered successful in acquiring the necessary data through radar observation. Captains had the highest proportion of radar observation behavior among all groups. This suggests that captains may demonstrated proficiency in employing appropriate information-gathering methods that are customized to the demands of the situation.Lead, Japan Institute of Navigation, 2025, Transactions of Navigation, 10(2) (2), 76 - 82, English[Refereed]
- American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Dec. 2023, ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, 9(4) (4)Scientific journal
- Elsevier BV, Feb. 2023, Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 109140 - 109140[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Faculty of Navigation, 2023, TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 17(4) (4), 873 - 880Scientific journal
- Current stern lights can be used during night lookout to gauge the presence of an approaching vessel, but since the light emission range of the stern light is wide at 67.5° on each side, it is difficult to estimate the direction of travel of vessels with these types of stern lights. This study aims to investigate more effective ways to determine if a vessel is approaching, and utilized a questionnaire survey to see if the introduction and expansion of side passage lights, which are currently used on Ultra Large Container Vessels (ULCVs), would solve the problem of the current stern lights. Analysis of the survey results discovered that these side passage lights contribute to a more accurate estimation of the approximate heading in nighttime overtaking conditions, although the accuracy is lower than that in the daytime. Furthermore, based on the results of the questionnaire, if side passage lights are widely adapted, it is unlikely that confusion will arise in the future, even if side passage lights are widely used by other vessels besides container vessels.Japan Institute of Navigation, 2023, Transactions of Navigation, 8(2) (2), 63 - 72, English
- Feb. 2022, Journal of Navigation, 75(2) (2), 1 - 16, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Abstract Uncertainty in a complex socio-technical system, such as ship, is given. Yet, surprisingly, most of the ship operations were done without any significant problem. In this case, the ship officer as the operator plays an important role in maintaining ship safety. Human performance is unpredictable and varies on the condition. However, variation in human performance is more likely to produce acceptable outcomes than adverse outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how human variability performance in specific officers onboard contributes to successful ship operation. Evaluation of officer variability performance for establishing safety in everyday ship operation has been done using Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) in this study. FRAM is Safety-II based tool that provides concepts and models for safety analysis that use terms called function to describe system activities. An essential feature of FRAM is the mean that is necessary to explain the activity of a system in which the functions are mutually dependent. System activities are modeled in terms of how the system works to ensure that it performs systematically. Key functions of officer activities onboard are generated through observation in training ship Fukae-maru owned by Kobe University. As a result, FRAM could define how officer variability performance contributes to system propagation and create a safe ship operation.IOP Publishing, Jan. 2022, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 972(1) (1), 012044 - 012044Scientific journal
- 各種船舶間航法適用の前提条件についての考察 : 漁ろうに従事している船舶の灯火を中心にCollisions between fishing vessels and other vessels lead to many dead or missing fishermen, and the impact on society is very large. According to Article 18 of the "Act on Preventing Collisions at Sea" (hereafter referred to as Prevention Law), vessels engaged in fishing are granted priority of navigation. As a prerequisite for this priority status, it is necessary to display lights and shapes specified by Article 26 of the Prevention Law. Vessels engaged in fishing often do not show up on radar, so it is very important for ship operators to display the required lights and shapes as a means for visual judgement of nearby vessels. Collisions of vessels engaged in fishing can occur when they do not display lights and shapes while at sea. Compounding this problem, it can be difficult for ship operators to determine whether to apply Article 18 of the Prevention Law, the fixed navigation law, or Articles 38 and 39 of the Prevention Law(1).This study examines the circumstances of vessels engaged in fishing that do not display legal lights and shapes, and also investigates the problem of the prerequisites for vessels engaged in fishing. Finally, differences of applicable navigation regarding these rules and regulations are also taken into consideration.日本航海学会, Jul. 2021, 日本航海学会論文集, (140) (140), 8 - 17, Japanese[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Japan Institute of Navigation, Dec. 2020, The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation, 143(0) (0), 18 - 30, Japanese[Refereed]Scientific journal
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 2018, Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 11(1) (1), 39 - 46, Japanese
Marine casualties are relatively small in number compared to other industrial accidents, but they cause enormous damage. Ship crews are continuously working in shifts, 24 hours a day, making the ship a place to live as well as work. Ideally, marine casualties should not occur from occupational hazards. To prevent casualties and ensure safe voyages, it is important to confirm ship positions using landmarks. It can be difficult for students, however, to identify landmarks by matching landscape views and nautical charts. Students have various levels of experience, proficiency, and training with these skills. Therefore, it is necessary to consider adapting teaching methods to efficiently correlate with individual student characteristics. This paper examines students' abilities concerning their sense of direction and identifying landmarks in maritime transportation, using sketch map drawing and a questionnaire. The results suggest that students' sense of direction was an important factor. Moreover, the need for new training methods corresponding to students' sense of direction was also highlighted.
- Japan Institute of Navigation, 2018, The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation, 138, 12 - 19, Japanese
There are many cases when a fishing skipper dies by a collision between a fishing vessels and a merchant vessel. Act on Preventing Collision at Sea require vessels to keep a proper lookout at all times. However, as fishing vessels can't always employ an Officer of the Watch(OOW), bad lookouts are the cause of many collisions.
This paper examined cases when vessels didn't keep proper look out between fishing vessels and merchant vessels in the judgment of Japan marine accident inquiries. As a result of the examination, it was clear that there was "prejudice" in the stage before "risk of collision" in both vessels.
This paper pointed out the problems of "prejudice," and also suggested to get measures for accidents according to prejudice.
[Refereed] - As fundamental research of the operation of autonomous ships on the monitoring screen on shore, this paper focused on the differences in collision avoidance judgments based on various information sources, specifically via radar and via visual confirmation. Experiments were carried out using a ship-handling simulator with 14 seafarer trainees who had acquired the same level of maritime knowledge but had no actual experience at sea. Two experiments were carried out: a simple situation with one target ship appearing, and a complex situation where several targets appeared. The judgments in the complex situation showed that radar decision timing was quicker than visual decision timing. On the other hand, the simple situation showed no difference in course alteration and timing. Further results indicated that evaluation of the involved ships in the situation and the back ground of judgments varied depending on information sources. It is suggested that evaluation of the involved ships and the back ground of judgments may lead to differences in collision avoidance judgments.Japan Ergonomics Society, Dec. 2017, The Japanese Journal of Ergonomics, 53(6) (6), 205 - 213, Japanese[Refereed]
- Japan Institute of Navigation, Mar. 2017, Transactions of Navigation Online ISSN : 2189-5511, 2(1) (1), 1 - 13, English[Refereed]Scientific journal
- Navigational equipment is used to render accurate numerical data to Officers on Watch (OOW) so that they can maneuver well and navigate vessels safely. However, from the aspect of OOW, sometimes the large amounts of information and data generated by navigational equipment can be difficult to understand. COLREGS aren't always as useful as they need to be; they are collision avoidance rules that lack technical advice, which can occasionally cause problems for OOW during navigation. For example, COLREGS Rule 19 is generally defined as “Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility”. However, COLREGS do not provide any numerical standard for restricted visibility conditions that are necessary for the OOW, such as the specified values or numbers for vessel maneuvering. A brief summary of missing information from the COLREGS is as follows: ① Vessel size creates different time lags of reaction between ships or vessels after a “risk of collision” has been identified, ② The confusion of applying Rule 18 or Rule 19, ③ The failure to clarify current visibility as good or poor; and ④ Over-reliance on the information and data generated by navigational equipment. These four interconnected factors contribute to collision accidents under restricted visibility conditions. After an introduction to the legal background in this paper, the authors will further analyze the data collection from real collision cases, and finally conclude with some proposals to solve the problems outlined, as well as the directions for future research.Japan Institute of Navigation, 2017, Transactions of Navigation, 2(1) (1), 25 - 33, Japanese
- Japan Institute of Navigation, 2017, The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation, 137, 15 - 26, Japanese
Rule17(a)(ii) was introduced by a legal revision in the 1972 COLREGs. The 1960 COLREGs required the stand-on vessel to keep her course and speed until compulsory action was required by the stand-on vessel.
In the 1972 COLREGs, the stand-on vessel could act at an earlier stage under Rule17(a)(ii); if the stand-on vessel was freed from strict obligation, she could take action in order to avoid immediate danger. As Rule17(a)(ii) is permissive, however, the new Rule17 still does not inform the OOW at which moment his right is replaced by an obligation to act.
This paper examined the judgement of marine accident inquiry to which Article17(2) was applied, and also pointed out the problems of COLREGs Rule17(a)(ii) via interpretation of the law.
[Refereed] - Japan Institute of Navigation, 2017, The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation, 137, 37 - 49, Japanese
The word "innocuously passing" is used daily in Japan marine accident inquiry. The phrase "innocuously passing" means that there is no "risk of collision". When a collision was judged to arise from an "innocuously passing" situation, Rule 2(special circumstances of the case) was applied. This occurrence raises a problem: OOW cannot judge whether a situation is "innocuously passing" or a "risk of collision" immediately before a collision. If Rule 2 applies, judgement dictates that the action as Rule 17a(ii) and Rule 17b of the stand-on vessel has caused the collision.
This paper examines the judgement of marine accident inquiries when the "innocuously passing" designation was applied, and also highlights inherent problems with the concept "innocuously passing."
[Refereed]
- May 2026, 日本航海学会講演予稿集, 14(1) (1), 24 - 27船舶における「花毛布」制作の実態[Refereed]Summary national conference
- Dec. 2025, Proceedings of ANC 2025, B2-3Analysis of Ship Navigation Resilience Through Ship Maneuvering Process Using Ship Simulator[Refereed]Summary international conference
- Dec. 2025, Proceedings of ANC 2025, A5-3Hana-Moufu Historical Media in Kobe City Museum’s Nakamura Collection[Refereed]Summary international conference
- 2025, 日本人間工学会関西支部大会講演論文集, 2025Situation Awareness and Decision Making of Ship Operators Using a Ship Handling Simulator
- 2025, 海洋人間学雑誌(Web), 14(1) (1)大学研究室のSNS広報に関する研究
- Nov. 2024, 海洋人間学雑誌, 13(2) (2), 53 - 53大阪商船の広報にみられる「花毛布」についてSummary national conference
- Japan Institute of Navigation, 2024, NAVIGATION, 227, 12 - 12, Japanese
- Lead, Nov. 2023, Proceedings of ANC 2023, 47 - 54Feature of the time required by a ship operator to respond to an emergency[Refereed]Summary international conference
- 2023, 海洋人間学雑誌(Web), 12(2) (2)実習授業におけるリーダーシップに関する一考察
- Japan Institute of Navigation, 2023, NAVIGATION, 223, 15 - 16, Japanese
- Japan Institute of Navigation, 2023, NAVIGATION, 223, 17 - 18, Japanese
- Oct. 2022, Proceedings of ANC 2022, A2-3Collision Analyze and Map Plotting of Korea – Japan navigating vesselsSummary international conference
- Oct. 2022, Proceedings of ANC 2022, A2-3Learning Officer Performance Variability from Dangerous Ship Encounter Situations in Ship Simulator[Refereed]Summary international conference
- Oct. 2022, Proceedings of ANC 2022, B2-1Collecting and Analyzing Successful Experiences in Difficult Collision Avoidance[Refereed]Summary international conference
- Japan Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 30 Jul. 2022, The Japanese Journal of Ergonomics, 58(Supplement) (Supplement), 1E2-03 - 1E2-03, Japanese
- 2022, 海洋人間学雑誌(Web), 11(2) (2)操船者の緊急対応までの行動に関する研究
- 2022, 海洋人間学雑誌(Web), 11(2) (2)学生の自動運航船社会に対するイメージ
- 2020, 日本航海学会講演予稿集(Web), 8(1) (1)海難審判における「新たな衝突の危険」の適用について
- 2018, 日本人間工学会関西支部大会講演論文集, 2018海上交通におけるランドマーク特定方法の違いについて
- 2018, 日本航海学会講演予稿集(Web), 6(2) (2)各種船舶間航法適用の前提条件についての考察-漁ろうに従事している船舶の灯火を中心に-
- 2017, 日本航海学会講演予稿集(Web), 5(2) (2)「思い込み」が見張りに及ぼす影響についての一考察-漁船と漁船以外の船舶の衝突事故を中心に-
- 2017, 日本航海学会講演予稿集(Web), 5(1) (1)「新たな衝突のおそれ」適用事例における「無難に航過する」の問題について
- 2017, 日本航海学会講演予稿集(Web), 5(1) (1)海上衝突予防法第17条第2項についての一考察
- 2017, 日本人間工学会関西支部大会講演論文集, 2017操船シミュレータを用いた教育効果の検討について
- 2017, 日本人間工学会関西支部大会講演論文集, 2017海上交通における地形の把握について
- Japan Institute of Navigation, 2017, NAVIGATION, 201, 3 - 14, Japanese[Refereed]
- Japan Institute of Navigation, 2017, NAVIGATION, 201, 17 - 22, Japanese[Refereed]
- Sep. 2016, 海洋人間学雑誌, 5(2) (2), 38 - 38帆船を用いた企業研修が参加者に与える影響についてSummary national conference
- 2016, 日本人間工学会関西支部大会講演論文集, 2016簡易操船シミュレーターを用いた訓練生の他船状況認識の変化について
- Japan Ergonomics Society, 2016, The Japanese Journal of Ergonomics, 52(Supplement) (Supplement), S408 - S409, Japanese
- Japan Ergonomics Society, 2016, The Japanese Journal of Ergonomics, 52(Supplement) (Supplement), S410 - S411, Japanese
- Sep. 2015, 海洋人間学雑誌, 4(2) (2), 68 - 68帆船を用いた新人社員研修プログラムが参加者に与える影響についてSummary national conference
- Sep. 2015, 海洋人間学雑誌, 4(2) (2), 67 - 67海上交通における目標物の特定についてSummary national conference
- 2015, 日本人間工学会関西支部大会講演論文集, 2015船舶運航シミュレータにおける学生の船橋内での行動について
- 2015, 日本人間工学会関西支部大会講演論文集, 2015船舶交通における学生の他船に関する状況認識について
- 2014, 日本人間工学会関西支部大会講演論文集, 2014船舶運航シミュレータにおけるチェックリスト課題が覚醒水準に与える影響
- Lead, Japan Institute of Navigation, 2014, NAVIGATION, 188, 101 - 101, Japanese
- Lead, Sep. 2013, 海洋人間学雑誌, 2(2) (2), 53 - 53船舶運航中における眠気に関するヒアリング調査Summary national conference
- 2013, 日本人間工学会関西支部大会講演論文集, 2013船舶運航シミュレータにおける会話の影響:覚醒水準に着目して
