Research activity information

• 2013 東南アジア学会, 第11回東南アジア史学会賞, Modern Thai Buddhism and Buddhadasa Bhikku: A Social History, Singapore: National University of Singapore Press, 2012.

  ITO TOMOMI

  Japan society


• Mar. 2003 Outstanding Women in Buddhism Awards Committee, Bangkok, Outstanding Women in Buddhism Awards, Scholastic Excellence in Southeast Asian Buddhism

  Tomomi Ito

• バンコクの九皇斎とタイ華人の信仰（後篇）

  Tomomi Ito

  2010, タイ国情報, 44(2): 89-99, Japanese

  Scientific journal


• バンコクに暮らすタイ華人の春節

  Tomomi Ito

  2010, タイ国情報, 44(3): 128-146, Japanese

  Scientific journal


• 現代タイ上座部仏教における女性の沙弥尼出家と比丘尼受戒－理念のアピールと語られない現実

  Tomomi Ito

  2009, 東南アジア：歴史と文化, 38, Japanese

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal

  Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)


• バンコクの九皇斎とタイ華人の信仰（中篇）

  Tomomi Ito

  2009, タイ国情報, 44(1)110-127, Japanese

  Scientific journal


• バンコクの九皇斎とタイ華人の信仰（前篇）

  Tomomi Ito

  2009, タイ国情報, 43(6), Japanese

  Scientific journal


• Restoration of Buddhism and Buddhist Women's Practice in Mongolia: The Role of Bakula Rinpoche in the Reintroduction of Tradition

  Tomomi Ito

  Kobe University, Dec. 2008, Journal of Intercultural Studies, 第31号63-110頁, 63* - 110*, Japanese

  Scientific journal

  Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)


• Buddhist Nuns and Female Buddhism in Taiwan : Historical Patterns and Engendered Values

  Travagnin Stefania, ITO Tomomi

  This paper attempts to analyse and assess the multifaceted history of Taiwanese Buddhist women in two respects. On the one hand, the changing in the Buddhist female community is argued as reflection of some particular historical movements in the history of Buddhism in Taiwan. On the other hand, Buddhist women will be seen not only as result of a state of affairs, but also as 'creators' of the Buddhist patterns present on the island. During the Qing dynasty there were few ordained Buddhist women but a large number of Vegetarian Women. This situation was a consequence of many obstacles met by Buddhist women in becoming fully ordained, and, in these terms, adhering to the Vegetarian Religion was a less difficult way to follow the Buddhist path. The situation of the Buddhist nuns in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation is closely connected to the activism of the founders of the Four Great Lineages (si da menpai) of Taiwanese Buddhism: Benyuan (1883-1946), Shanhui (1881-1945), Jueli (1881-1933) and Yongding (1877-1939). Because of these four monks' efforts, nuns' education was promoted and their position inside the monastery as well as in the larger community was elevated. Three major nunneries: Longhu Nunnery, Yuantong Chan Nunnery and Pilu Chan Nunnery marked the first step in the historical development and renewal process of the Bhiksuni Sangha in Taiwan. The three phases of the history of Buddhism in the post-war Taiwan were expansion of nuns' full ordination and their activities. The first period (1946-1960) is characterized by the arrival of well-known Buddhist monks from Mainland China. Through their support, the Triple Altar Ordination Ceremony was held at Daxian Monastery (Tainan) in 1953 as the first full ordination ceremony organized in Taiwan after 1945. The second period (1961-1980) saw a constant improvement of the Buddhist education, and the founding of a number of Buddhist institutes. The third period began in 1981, and saw a steady development of nuns' social engagement in the preceding phase, such as spreading the Dharma, improving education, participating in charity missions and organizing medical services for the needy. The multifaceted reality of Buddhist women can be taken as a lens through which to explore and to define the historical development of Buddhism in Taiwan. Buddhist women shaped the identity of Taiwanese Buddhism, and at the same time are a mark of the identity of Taiwanese Buddhism.

  Kobe University, Dec. 2007, Journal of cross-cultural studies, 29, 117 - 131, Japanese


• Dhammam(a)over-bart(a)over-bar: Buddhad(a)over-barsa Bhikkhu's notion of motherhood in Buddhist women practitioners

  Tomomi Ito

  Oct. 2007, JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES, 38(3) (3), 409 - 432, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal

  Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)


• Ordained women in yellow robes: an unfamiliar 'tradition' in contemporary Thailand

  伊藤 友美

  Feb. 2005, Sakyadhita, 14-2, 7 – 9, English

  International conference proceedings


• Buddhism in Cambodia: its experience of two communist regimes and social engagement

  伊藤 友美

  Kobe University, Mar. 2004, 国際文化学, 10, 17-35, 17 - 35, Japanese

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Buddhism in Cambodia: its experience of two communist regimes and social engagement

  Tomomi Ito

  2004, Cross-Cultural Studies Review, 第10号、17-35頁, Japanese

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Women's rights, ordination and dhamma practice: a reflection on recent movements of Thai Buddhist women

  Tomomi Ito

  2004, WFB Review, Vol. XLI No. 1, pp. 59 – 63, English

  Scientific journal


• New beginnings: the bhikkhuni movement in contemporary Thailand

  伊藤 友美

  2004, Karma Lekshe Tsomo (ed.), Bridging worlds: Buddhist women’s voices across generations (Taipei: Yuan Chuan Press), , 120-124, English

  International conference proceedings


• Sulak and engaged Buddhists in Contemporary Thai history

  伊藤 友美

  2003, David W. Chappell (ed.), Socially engaged spirituality: essays in honor of Sulak Sivaraksa on his 70th birthday (Bangkok: Sathirakoses-Nagapradipa Foundation), , 241-250, English

  International conference proceedings


• Buddhist women in dhamma practice in contemporary Thailand: movements regarding their status as world renunciates

  伊藤 友美

  Mar. 1999, 上智アジア学, 17, 147-181, English

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal


• Buddhist women in dhamma practice in contemporary Thailand: movements regarding their status as world renunciates

  Tomomi Ito

  1999, The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies, 第17号、147-181頁, English

  Scientific journal


• "Dhamma" Study and Practice in Contemporary Thai Buddhism:Thoughts of Buddhadasa Bhikkhu

  ITO TOMOMI

  This essay examines the religious significance of Buddhadasa Bhikkhu's (1906-1993) thoughts in contemporary Thai Buddhism. He advocated the understanding and practice of "Dhamma", instead of the unconscious, routine practices of conventional Buddhism, to annihilate the internal sufferings. His teachings marked an epoch in Thai society.
  Buddhadasa's trials had historical precedings in the last century. The Thammayut Movement headed by Prince Mongkut had been critical of the 'superstitious' beliefs and the lack of knowledge about Buddhist philosophy since the early nineteenth century. His son and successor, Prince Patriarch Wachirayan Warorot continued this movement to promote scriptural knowledge. The authorized understandings of Buddhist doctrine had been diffused through the educational hierarchy of the centralized national sangha by the beginning of this century.
  Along with this expansion of Buddhist education, questions on the unnatural religious discourses like heaven and hell in the next life were often discussed with suspicion among intellectuals in 1930s. All of three viewpoints on the next life, either positive, negative or neutral, agreed that the moral order of social life in this world would suffer if the actual existence of the next world is denied. It was Buddhadasa who made a break-through on the question of morality and mysterious religious discourses by teaching "Dhamma": the essence of Buddhism.
  Buddhadasa started to search for the "Dhamma" of Buddhism, instead of conventional "practical religion" of Thai Buddhism, in Thailand's national Buddhist education which had been prepared by Wachirayan. First, Buddhadasa tried to learn essential Buddhism in scriptural orthodoxy, but he came to its dead end. He found his way out in the "practice" of Dhamma through meditation practice and Zen style of everyday life. He revived meditation practice in the modern world as a means of capturing the insight necessary to extinguish internal sufferings; rather than a means of cultivating magical power as traditional meditation monks had practiced. Also, he taught to look within oneself by introducing Zen Buddhism to the Theravada Buddhists who were more concerned with merit-making practice to achieve better rebirth. Now his teachings play an active role in the mission of Buddhism to the born Buddhists of Thailand, rather than to the non-Buddhists of foreign countries.
  In Buddhadasa's thoughts, the "Dhamma" of Buddhism which is Buddhism for extinguishing one's internal sufferings, was essential. On the perceptual level, Buddhadasa denied earthly expectations of religious practice, such as a wish for heaven and a fear for hell, which prevented one's awareness of internal sufferings. He preached that the unnatural religious discourses about subjects like hell, the hungry ghost and even the nibbana, were all psychological phenomena within the self of individuals living in this world, whose existence was the only tangible reality for the modern intellectuals. On the practical level, he invited people to achieve emptiness of mind by staying away from attachment, either through meditation practice or in conscious everyday life. He believed that it was the practice of internal emptiness that sustained the moral order in this world, instead of behavior based on the religious reward.
  Buddhadasa's disciples and followers remarked that they have been attracted to Buddhadasa's teaching on practice of Dhamma, rather than his rational, demythologized interpretations of unscientific religious discourses. This suggests that the Buddhadasa's efforts to bring the internal practice of "Dhamma" to people's attention, was significant for the contemporary Thai Buddhists.

  Japan Society for Southeast Asian Studies, 1997, SOUTHERN ASIA, (26) (26), 113 - 136


• "Dhamma" study and practice in contemporary Thailand: thoughts of Buddhadasa Bhikkhu

  Tomomi Ito

  1997, Southeast Asia History and Culture, 第26号、113-136頁, Japanese

  [Refereed]

  Scientific journal

  Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)

• The Path of Ubasika Ki Nanayon (1901-1974) : A Thai Woman's Dhamma Practice in the Form of "Ubasika"

  Ito Tomomi

  神戸大学大学院国際文化学研究科, Jul. 2017, 国際文化学研究 : 神戸大学大学院国際文化学研究科紀要, (48) (48), 1 - 16, English


• タイ華人の習合的信仰世界における仏教と道教の境界についての小考察

  Tomomi Ito

  Jul. 2011, タイ国情報, 45(3)、83-93頁, Japanese

  Others


• サキャディーター国際女性仏教徒会議リポート②ベトナムの輝く尼僧たち

  Tomomi Ito

  2010, 中外日報, 27399: 6-6, Japanese

  Others


• サキャディーター国際女性仏教徒会議リポート①世界の女性仏教徒と交流

  Tomomi Ito

  2010, 中外日報, 27389: 6-6, Japanese

  Others


• アジアの知られざる仏教⑱―スリランカ＜下＞

  伊藤 友美

  2009, 中外日報, 27338: 6-6, Japanese

  Introduction scientific journal


• アジアの知られざる仏教⑰―スリランカ＜上＞

  Tomomi Ito

  2009, 中外日報, 27336: 4-4, Japanese

  Introduction scientific journal


• In search of gender equality in Tibetan Buddhism: the 14th Dalai Lama, Western bhikkhuni, international sangha and scholars

  Tomomi Ito

  Jun. 2008, Religion and Society, 第14号87-105頁, Japanese

  [Refereed]

  Others

  Link to Kobe Univ. Repository (Kernel)


• Role of Zen nuns in today's Japan: Master Shundo Aoyama's view on Japanese Buddhist monastic practice

  Tomomi Ito

  2005, WFB Review, Vol. XLII No. 2 – 3, English

  Introduction scientific journal


• Women's rights, ordination and dhamma practice: a reflection on recent movements of Thai Buddhist women

  伊藤 友美

  May 2004, WFB Review, 61-1, 59 – 63, English

  Others


• Buddhadasa: a teaching to cease sufferings

  伊藤 友美

  2003, 綾部恒雄・林行夫（編）『タイを知るための６0章』明石書店, , 317 – 320, Japanese

  Others


• 現代タイ仏教における「ダンマ」の理解と実践--プッタタート比丘の思想

  伊藤 友美

  山川出版社, 1997, 東南アジア 歴史と文化, (26) (26), 113 - 136, Japanese

• 上座仏教辞典

  ITO TOMOMI

  Others, めこん, Oct. 2016, Japanese, パー理学仏教文化学会編による上座仏教の仏典研究、歴史研究、地域文化研究など総合的な情報を盛り込んだ事典。, ISBN: 9784839602994

  Dictionary or encycropedia


• Eminent Buddhist Women

  ITO TOMOMI

  Joint work, State University of New York Press, 2014, English, in the book, Ito co-authored the chapter on the pioneering bhikkhunis who reestablished the bhikkhuni sangha in contemporary Sri Lanka and Thailand., ISBN: 9781438451312

  Scholarly book


• 挑戦する仏教―アジア各国の歴史といま―

  Tomomi Ito

  Joint work, 法蔵館, 2010, Japanese

  General book


• Stefania Travagnin (author); Tomomi Ito (trans.), "Buddhist Nuns and Female Buddhism in Taiwan: Historaical Patterns and Engendered Values"

  ITO, TOMOMI

  Single translation, 神戸大学大学院国際文化学研究科紀要『国際文化学研究』, Dec. 2007, Japanese

  Others


• Role of Zen nuns in today's Japan: Master Shundo Aoyama's view on Japanese Buddhist monastic practice

  ITO TOMOMI

  Single work, WFB Review., Jan. 2007, English

  Others


• Out of the shadows: socially engaged Buddhist women

  ITO, TOMOMI

  Joint work, Sri Satguru Publications, 2006, English

  Scholarly book


• Ordained women in yellow robes: an unfamiliar 'tradition' in contemporary Thailand

  Tomomi Ito

  Joint work, Out of the shadows: socially engaged Buddhist women, edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo, Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 2006, English

  Scholarly book


• Zen beauty: seeds of dhamma from women's perspective

  Tomomi Ito

  Joint translation, Semsikkhalai Press, 2006

  General book


• Zen beauty: seeds of dhamma from women's perspective

  AOYAMA, SHUNDO, CHETANAWIRABUT, CHOFA, HUTANUWATR, PRACHA, ITO, TOMOMI

  Joint translation, Semsikkhalai Press, 2006

  Others


• Karma Lekshe Tsomo (ed), Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women

  TSOMO, Karma L, ITO, Tomomi

  Joint work, Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 2006, English

  Scholarly book


• Aoyama Shundo (Chofa Chetana (trans.), Tomomi Ito and Pracha Hutanuwatr (eds), Zen Beauty: seeds of dhamma from a woman's perspective.

  SHUNDO, Aoyama, CHOFA, Chetana, PRACHA, Hutanuwatr, ITO, Tomomi

  Bangkok: Samnakphim Semsikalai, 2006

  Others


• Role of Zen nuns in today's Japan: Master Shundo Aoyama's view on Japanese Buddhist monastic practice

  ITO TOMOMI

  Single work, WFB Review., 2005, English

  Others


• 99th anniversary of Buddhadasa Bhikkhu: religion and new physics

  ITO, TOMOMI

  Joint work, Sathaban Withithat, 2005

  Scholarly book


• 99th anniversary of Buddhadasa Bhikkhu: religion and development

  Tomomi Ito

  Joint work, 99th anniversary of Buddhadasa Bhikkhu: religion and new physics, , editor unknown, Bangkok: Sathaban Withithat, 2005

  Scholarly book


• Bridging worlds: Buddhist women's voices across generation

  Tomomi Ito

  Joint work, Yuan Chuan Press, 2004, English

  Scholarly book


• 60 chapters to learn Thailand

  Tomomi Ito

  Joint work, Akashi Shoten, 2003, Japanese

  General book


• Socially engaged spirituality: essays in honor of Sulak Sivaraksa on his 70th birthday

  Tomomi Ito

  Joint work, Sathirakoses-Nagapradipa Foundation, 2003, English

  General book

• Launch of a Bhikkhuni Order in Thailand: Monastic Education and Establishment of Tradition

  Tomomi Ito

  12th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women, Jun. 2011, English, Sakyadhita International Association of Buddhist Women, Bangkok, Thailand/Sathira Dhammasathan, International conference

  Oral presentation


• Dhammic Socialism: A Buddhist vision of just social order in 1970s' Thailand

  Tomomi Ito

  The XVIth Congress of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Jun. 2011, English, International Association of Buddhist Studies, Jinshan Taipei, Taiwan/Dharma Drum Buddhist College, International conference

  Oral presentation


• スリランカとタイにおける比丘尼サンガ復興と僧院教育

  Tomomi Ito

  パーリ学仏教文化学会定例研究会, Nov. 2010, Japanese, パーリ学仏教文化学会, 駒澤大学, Domestic conference

  Invited oral presentation


• Pioneering bhikkhunis in contemporary Sri Lanka and Thailand

  Tomomi Ito

  11th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women, Dec. 2009, English, 普光寺（ベトナム・ホーチミン市）, International conference

  Oral presentation


• Questions of Ordination Legitimacy for the newly ordained: Theravada bhikkhuni in Thailand

  Tomomi Ito

  10th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women, Jul. 2008, English, Sakyadhita: The International Association of Buddhist Women, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, International conference

  Oral presentation


• Theravada Buddhism and nuns: bhikkhuni restoration in Thailand and Sri Lanka

  Tomomi Ito

  Asian Journey: Public lecture series, May 2008, Japanese, Institute of Asian Culture, Sophia University, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan, Domestic conference

  Invited oral presentation


• Is the bhikkhuni sangha restoration possible in Thailand?: issues regarding ordination legitimacy

  Tomomi Ito

  Studies group on society and culture in Southeast Asia, Feb. 2008, Japanese, 「東南アジアの社会と文化」研究会, Kyoto University, Domestic conference

  Invited oral presentation


• "Bhikkhuni restoration in Theravada Buddhism: grounds of _ authenticity for newly ordained bhikkhunis"

  ITO, TOMOMI

  The first International Congress on Buddhist Women's Role in the Sangha: Bhikshuni Vinaya and Ordination Lineages, Jul. 2007, English, The congress is organized by the Studienstiftung für Buddhismus (Foundation for Buddhist Studies) and takes place in co-operation with the Asia-Africa-Institute of the University of Hamburg., ハンブルク, ドイツ, International conference

  Invited oral presentation


• Dhammamata: Bhikkhu Buddhadasa's approach for uplifting women's status in dhamma practice

  ITO TOMOMI

  Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women, Jun. 2006, English, Sakyadhita International Association of Buddhist Women, クアラルンプール, マレーシア, International conference

  Oral presentation


• Comparing Buddhadasa's thought with Mahayana Buddhism: Did he depart from Theravadaness?

  伊藤 友美

  99 pi phutthathat phikkhu: sasana kap kan-phatthana (99th years of Buddhadasa Bhikkhu: religion and development), May 2005, Khlongkan parinya-ek kanchana phisek & So. Ko. Wo., Bangkok, Thailand, International conference

  Invited oral presentation


• Observance of monastic precepts: Mahayana philosophy and relations between the state and the Sangha in Japanese history

  伊藤 友美

  Semsikalai Vientiane, Feb. 2005, Semsikalai, Vientiane, Laos, International conference

  Invited oral presentation


• Prince Mongkut and reform of Thai Buddhism

  伊藤 友美

  Prince Mongkut and reform of Thai Buddhism, Aug. 2004, English, World Buddhist University, Bangkok, Thailand, International conference

  Invited oral presentation


• Ordained women in yellow robes: introduction of an unfamiliar 'tradition' in contemporary Thailand

  伊藤 友美

  8th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women, Jun. 2004, English, Sakyadhita, Seoul, South Korea, International conference

  Oral presentation


• Women's rights, ordination and dhamma practice: a reflection on recent movements of Thai Buddhist women

  伊藤 友美

  Outstanding Women in Buddhism Awards Awarding ceremony, Mar. 2003, English, Committee for Outstanding Women in Buddhism Awards, Bangkok, Thailand, International conference

  Invited oral presentation


• The state of Buddhist women and the bhikkhuni restoration movement in contemporary Thailand

  伊藤 友美

  7th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women,, Jul. 2002, English, Sakyadhita, Taipei, Taiwan, International conference

  Oral presentation


• Complementing the loss of ordained women in Thai Buddhism: the path of Ubasika Ki Nanayon and Buddhadasa Bhikkhu's female disciples

  伊藤 友美

  8th International Conference on Thai Studies, Jan. 2002, English, International Conference on Thai Studies, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand, International conference

  Oral presentation


• Development of social aspects in contemporary Thai Buddhism: thoughts and activities of engaged Buddhists

  伊藤 友美

  Conference: Research on Thailand in the 1990s, Aug. 2000, English, Conference: Research on Thailand in the 1990s, Canberra, Australia, International conference

  Oral presentation


• The impact of Marxism on Thai Buddhists: Buddhadasa and his disciples in the 1970s

  伊藤 友美

  Work-in-progress seminar, Aug. 1999, English, Faculty of Asian Studies, Canberra, Australia, International conference

  Oral presentation


• Buddhadasa Bhikkhu and his intellectual circle in Thailand: 1932 _ 1973

  伊藤 友美

  Thai Studies Workshop, Nov. 1997, English, Thai Studies Workshop, Canberra, Australia, International conference

  Oral presentation


• A Buddhadasa's message to the born Buddhists

  伊藤 友美

  14th conference of the International Association of the Historians of Asia, May 1996, English, International Association of the Historians of Asia, Bangkok, Thailand, International conference

  Oral presentation

• パーリ学仏教文化学会


• 日本タイ学会


• 「宗教と社会」学会


• 神戸大学国際文化学会


• 東南アジア学会

• A Detailed Study of Modern History of Cross-Border Politics in Mainland Southeast Asia

  MURASHIMA Eiji, SHIRAISHI Masaya, SASAGAWA Hideo, NAMBA Chizuru, ITO Tomomi

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Waseda University, 01 Apr. 2011 - 31 Mar. 2015

  The purpose of this research is to increase historical and contemporary knowledge on cross-border politics in mainland Southeast Asia (mainly Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos) relying on the primary archival documents written in vernacular and Western languages. The following topics are treated, such as Buddhism intercourse among Thailand, Cambodia and Laos in the 19th Century, Communist cooperation among Thailand, Laos, Vietnam in the 1920-30s, Thai-Indochina relations and social changes in the age of independence in the 1940s, and cooperation for development in the Mekong border areas in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. As the result 32 articles and 8 research papers were published.


• タイ華人宗教世界の解明―祭祀・祭礼の実態調査を通じて―

  伊藤 友美

  科学研究費補助金／基盤研究(C), Apr. 2012 - Mar. 2015, Principal investigator

  Competitive research funding


• Chino-Siamese Society in 20^ Century Thailand

  MURASHIMA Eiji, MIYATA Toshiyuki, ENDO Gen, ITO Tomomi, ABE Tsuruyo

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Waseda University, 2007 - 2009

  In order to explore political, economic, and socio-cultural dimensions of Chinese descendents in Thailand in the twentieth century, our team collected archival documents related to overseas Chinese in National Archives of Thailand, photographed old Chinese newspapers published in Thailand which are preserved at National Library of Thailand, and conducted anthropological field researches in Chinese descendent communities in Bangkok and provincial cities. As a result of this study, we clarified the origin and development of Chinese nationalism in Thailand, Chinese Communist movements in Thailand, the religious faiths of Chinese descendents, the Chinese distribution capitals in provincial cities, and the structure of Chinese community organizations.


• 上座部仏教社会における女性出家形態の変容と比丘尼復興―タイ・スリランカ比較研究―

  伊藤 友美

  科学研究費補助金／若手研究(B), 2009, Principal investigator

  Competitive research funding


• 現代上座部仏教比丘尼復興運動?スリランカ、タイ、東南アジア諸国の国際的連携

  伊藤 友美

  科学研究費補助金／若手研究(B), 2006, Principal investigator

  Competitive research funding


• Detailed Historical Studies of Communism Movements in Thailand

  MURASHIMA Eiji, HARA Fujio, KIKUCHI Youko, ITO Tomomi

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Waseda University, 2003 - 2005

  The purpose of this study is the following two points : 1) To describe the history of the Communist Party of Siam(CPS, the Communist Party of Thailand after 1941) and its relationship to communist movements and national liberation movements in the neighboring countries, such as China, Malaya, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia ; and 2) To clarify the relationship and antagonism between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Kuomintang (KMT) based in Thailand ; Because serious conflicts broke out after CP was established after KMT. The communist movement in Thailand began among ethnic Chinese first and gradually expanded among ethnic Thais. In 2005 we continued our research from the previous year and collected materials about the relationship between the CPM and the CCP. We visited libraries of Singapore National University and Hong Kong University and extensively looked through documents (including periodicals) regarding the CCP and KMT. In Bangkok at the National Library of Thailand I collected materials about this topic and thoroughly read Chinese newspapers published in the post-WWII period, including the official periodical publication by the Thailand branch of the CCP, the newspaper published by the CPT, and the official periodical publication of the Thailand branch of the KMT. We also had a look at Chinese newspapers in general, which were published in the 1930s, because members of the CPM contributed their articles in the cultural columns. At the same time, we interviewed former cadets of the CPT living in Bangkok. Also, our team conducted extensive research in Malaysia and Laos in order to collect materials and interview with former cadets in communist parties who had close relationship with the CPT. Through the whole research we discovered many facts and materials which had been little known among historians of Southeast Asia. Our new findings included a serious conflict in 1926-1927 between the KMT general branch in Siam and the special section of KMT in Siam under the leadership of the leftist director of the KMT for overseas activities ; close relationship of the latter members with overseas activities of the CCP in Siam after 1927 ; details of the CCP members' exile to Siam after April 1927 ; and roles of the sub-publications of Chinese newspapers in propagation of communism.


• 近現代タイにおける女性仏教運動-ジェンダーの視点から見た仏教社会の構造と思想史-

  伊藤 友美

  日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 若手研究(B), 神戸大学, 2002 - 2004

  平成16年度には、まず6月26日-7月5日に韓国で開催された国際女性仏教徒会議に参加した。同会議では、これまでタイにおいて進行中の比丘尼復興運動に関する研究成果を報告し、またスリランカ、カンボジア、ベトナム、韓国、台湾、チベット、モンゴルなど、タイ以外の仏教国から参加した女性仏教徒と情報・意見交換を行った。特に、タイに先行して比丘尼復興運動が急速な進展を見せているスリランカの比丘尼および在家支援者からは、タイの各比丘尼支援グループが、スリランカのどのグループと接点を持っているのかについての、貴重な情報を得ることができた。 次に8月22日-9月1日には、タイで比丘尼復興運動の新展開について、聞き取り調査および資料収集を行った。これまでタンマナンター比丘尼を中心に、複数のグループが相応の協力関係を保ちながら、比丘尼復興運動を展開していたのであるが、この調査時までに比丘尼復興運動推進者の間で相互不信が強まっていることが確認された。とりわけ、タンマナンター比丘尼を協力に後押ししていた女性上院議員ラビアップラット・ポンパーニットが、比丘尼復興運動に対する積極的支援を停止したことは、重要であると考えられる。また、スリランカと強力なパイプを持つタンマナンターから支援を得られない女性たちが、タイ人の僧侶によって沙弥尼の戒を受ける動きが、急速に拡大していた。タンマナンターのグループが厳格な人選を行っているのに対し、後者のグループは比丘尼出家に対する強い意欲をもつ女性たちに広く門戸を開いている。しかし、後者のグループに属する沙弥尼たちが比丘尼に出家するためには、スリランカの比丘および比丘尼による得度を受ける必要があるが、スリランカ渡航・滞在資金、タイ帰国後の見通しなどの点で、実現には多くの課題が残っている。 平成17年2月12日-17日、再度、タイでの聞き取り調査および資料収集を行う。