安田 剛志 | ![]() |
ヤスダ タケシ | |
大学院農学研究科 資源生命科学専攻 | |
教授 | |
農学関係 |
2006年03月 日本育種学会, 平成17年度日本育種学会奨励賞, 遺伝子導入によるアブラナ科自家不和合性の制御に関する研究
国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2002年04月 日経BP社, 汎用性の高いハイブリット種子作製技術, 2001年(第11回)日経BP技術賞大賞
出版社・新聞社・財団等の賞
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in abiotic and biotic stress responses; however, studies on the mechanism of regulation of lncRNA expression are limited in plants. The present study examined the relationship between lncRNA expression level and two active histone modifications (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) in Brassica rapa. Both histone marks were enriched in the chromatin regions encoding lncRNAs, especially around the transcription start site. The transcription level of long intergenic noncoding RNAs was positively associated with the level of H3K4me3 and H3K36me3, while this association was not observed in natural antisense RNAs (NATs) and intronic noncoding RNAs. As coordinate expression of mRNAs and paired NATs under biotic stress treatment has been identified, the transcriptional relationship between mRNAs and their paired NATs following Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Foc) inoculation was examined. A positive association of expression levels between mRNAs and their paired NATs following Foc inoculation was observed. This association held for several defense-response-related genes and their NAT pairs. These results suggest that coordinate expression of mRNAs and paired NATs plays a role in the defense response against Foc.
MDPI AG, 2021年12月23日, Horticulturae, 8 (1), 17 - 17研究論文(学術雑誌)
KEY MESSAGE: Fusarium yellows resistant and susceptible lines in Brassica rapa showed different salicylic acid responses; the resistant line showed a similar response to previous reports, but the susceptible line differed. Fusarium yellows caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Foc) is an important disease. Previous studies showed that genes related to salicylic acid (SA) response were more highly induced following Foc infection in Brassica rapa Fusarium yellows resistant lines than susceptible lines. However, SA-induced genes have not been identified at the whole genome level and it was unclear whether they were up-regulated by Foc inoculation. Transcriptome analysis with and without SA treatment in the B. rapa Fusarium yellows susceptible line 'Misugi' and the resistant line 'Nanane' was performed to obtain insights into the relationship between SA sensitivity/response and Fusarium yellows resistance. 'Nanane's up-regulated genes were related to SA response and down-regulated genes were related to jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene (ET) response, but differentially expressed genes in 'Misugi' were not. This result suggests that Fusarium yellows resistant and susceptible lines have a different SA response and that an antagonistic transcription between SA and JA/ET responses was found only in a Fusarium yellows resistant line. SA-responsive genes were induced by Foc inoculation in Fusarium yellows resistant (RJKB-T23) and susceptible lines (RJKB-T24). By contrast, 39 SA-induced genes specific to RJKB-T23 might function in the defense response to Foc. In this study, SA-induced genes were identified at the whole genome level, and the possibility, the defense response to Foc observed in a resistant line could be mediated by SA-induced genes, is suggested. These results will be useful for future research concerning the SA importance in Foc or other diseases resistance in B. rapa.
2021年04月, Plant cell reports, 40 (4), 605 - 619, 英語, 国際誌研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
There is a wide variation of flowering time among lines of Brassica rapa L. Most B. rapa leafy (Chinese cabbage etc.) or root (turnip) vegetables require prolonged cold exposure for flowering, known as vernalization. Premature bolting caused by low temperature leads to a reduction in the yield/quality of these B. rapa vegetables. Therefore, high bolting resistance is an important breeding trait, and understanding the molecular mechanism of vernalization is necessary to achieve this goal. In this study, we demonstrated that BrFRIb functions as an activator of BrFLC in B. rapa. We showed a positive correlation between the steady state expression levels of the sum of the BrFLC paralogs and the days to flowering after four weeks of cold treatment, suggesting that this is an indicator of the vernalization requirement. We indicate that BrFLCs are repressed by the accumulation of H3K27me3 and that the spreading of H3K27me3 promotes stable FLC repression. However, there was no clear relationship between the level of H3K27me3 in the BrFLC and the vernalization requirement. We also showed that if there was a high vernalization requirement, the rate of repression of BrFLC1 expression following prolonged cold treatments was lower.
2019年09月25日, Scientific reports, 9 (1), 13843 - 13843, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
Epigenetic gene regulation is crucial to plant life and can involve dynamic interactions between various histone modifications, DNA methylation, and small RNAs. Detailed analysis of epigenome information is anticipated to reveal how the DNA sequence of the genome is translated into the plant's phenotype. The aim of this study was to map the DNA methylation state at the whole genome level and to clarify the relationship between DNA methylation and transcription, small RNA expression, and histone H3 lysine 9 di-methylation (H3K9me2) in Brassica rapa. We performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing, small RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing using H3K9me2 antibody in a Chinese cabbage inbred line, RJKB-T24, and examined the impact of epigenetic states on transcription. Cytosine methylation in DNA was analysed in different sequence contexts (CG, CHG, and CHH) (where H could be A, C, or T) and position (promoter, exon, intron, terminator, interspersed repeat regions), and the H3K9me2 and 24 nucleotide small interfering RNAs (24 nt-siRNA) were overlaid onto the B. rapa reference genome. The epigenome was compared with that of Arabidopsis thaliana and the relationship between the position of DNA methylation and gene expression, and the involvement of 24 nt siRNAs and H3K9me2 are discussed.
2018年10月01日, DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes, 25 (5), 511 - 520, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[招待有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
DNA methylation is an epigenetic gene regulatory mechanism that plays an essential role in gene expression, transposon silencing, genome imprinting and plant development. We investigated the influence of DNA methylation on gene expression in Brassica rapa L., to understand whether epigenetic differences exist between inbred lines. Genome-wide DNA methylation was analysed by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) of 14-day-old first and second leaves from two inbred lines of Chinese cabbage, one susceptible and one resistant to fusarium yellows caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans. MACS (model-based analysis for ChIP-seq) identified DNA methylation peaks in genic regions including 2kb upstream, exon, intron and 2kb downstream. More than 65% of genes showed similar patterns of DNA methylation in the genic regions in the two inbred lines. DNA methylation states of the two inbred lines were compared with their transcriptome. Genes having DNA methylation in the intron and in the 200bp upstream and downstream regions were associated with a lower expression level in both lines. A small number of genes showed a negative correlation between differences in DNA methylation levels and differences in transcriptional levels in the two inbred lines, suggesting that DNA methylation in these genes results in transcriptional suppression.
CSIRO, 2018年, Crop and Pasture Science, 69 (1), 107 - 120, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
In diploid organisms, phenotypic traits are often biased by effects known as Mendelian dominant-recessive interactions between inherited alleles. Phenotypic expression of SP11 alleles, which encodes the male determinants of self-incompatibility in Brassica rapa, is governed by a complex dominance hierarchy1-3. Here, we show that a single polymorphic 24 nucleotide small RNA, named SP11 methylation inducer 2 (Smi2), controls the linear dominance hierarchy of the four SP11 alleles (S44 > S60 > S40 > S29). In all dominant-recessive interactions, small RNA variants derived from the linked region of dominant SP11 alleles exhibited high sequence similarity to the promoter regions of recessive SP11 alleles and acted in trans to epigenetically silence their expression. Together with our previous study4, we propose a new model: sequence similarity between polymorphic small RNAs and their target regulates mono-allelic gene expression, which explains the entire five-phased linear dominance hierarchy of the SP11 phenotypic expression in Brassica.
2016年12月, Nature Plants, 3, 1 - 5, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
Hybrid vigor or heterosis refers to the superior performance of F-1 hybrid plants over their parents. Heterosis is particularly important in the production systems of major crops. Recent studies have suggested that epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation is involved in heterosis, but the molecular mechanism of heterosis is still unclear. To address the epigenetic contribution to heterosis in Arabidopsis thaliana, we used mutant genes that have roles in DNA methylation. Hybrids between C24 and Columbia-0 (Col) without RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) or methyltransferase I (MET1) function did not reduce the level of biomass heterosis (as evaluated by rosette diameter). Hybrids with a mutation in decrease in dna methylation 1 (ddm1) showed a decreased heterosis level. Vegetative heterosis in the ddm1 mutant hybrid was reduced but not eliminated; a complete reduction could result if there was a change in methylation at all loci critical for generating the level of heterosis, whereas if only a proportion of the loci have methylation changes there may only be a partial reduction in heterosis.
NATL ACAD SCIENCES, 2016年10月, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 113 (43), E6704 - E6711, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Most cultivars of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) exhibit S-RNase-based self-incompatibility.Their S-genotypes have mainly been assigned by analysing PCR-amplified S-RNase alleles from the genomic DNA of each cultivar. In this study, we identified eight European pear cultivars that had only one S-RNase allele amplified by conventional genomic PCR using a consensus primer pair. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) on stylar RNAs of the cultivars was used to obtain the full-length sequence of the putative S25-RNase. Long-PCR successfully amplified the S25-RNase allele, including a long 3,131 bp intron, the longest intron reported so far among S-RNase alleles in fruit tree species in the sub-tribe Pyrinae. Conventional PCR using a consensus primer and a primer designed from the intron sequence amplified a 385 bp fragment of the S25-RNase allele from the genomic DNA of all eight cultivars. An SRNase- based, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker system and S25-RNase allele-specific PCR were used to assign the eight pear cultivars to five genotypes. In addition, cDNAs of the S118- and S119-RNase alleles were re-cloned and sequenced to correct previously published sequences.
Headley Brothers Ltd, 2013年, Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 88 (4), 427 - 432, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Several cultivars of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) are triploid (2n = 51), produce little viable pollen, and exhibit S-RNase-based cross-incompatibility. In orchards where triploids are grown, two diploids (one to pollinate the triploids, and the other to pollinate the other diploid) must be inter-planted. In this study, seven European pear cultivars were confirmed to be triploid by flow cytometry analysis.An S-RNase-based, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker system and S-RNase allele-specific PCR were used to genotype these triploids. A comparison of S-genotypes between the triploids and diploids of European pear identified those diploid(s) that could not be used to pollinate the triploids. Pollination tests confirmed the cross-incompatibility between a triploid and a diploid.The S-genotypes of the seven triploids will be useful for pollination management in orchards, and for breeding new cultivars using the triploids as seed parents. In addition, rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to obtain the full-length sequences of the putative S22- and S23-RNase alleles amplified from the genomic DNA of three of the triploids.
Headley Brothers Ltd, 2013年, Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 88 (6), 751 - 755, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Most cultivars of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) exhibit gametophytic self-incompatibility controlled by a single S-locus with multiple S-haplotypes. A self-compatible (SC) cultivar, 'Osanijisseiki' (S (2) S (4) (sm) ), arising by a bud mutation of 'Nijisseiki' (S (2) S (4) ), has a stylar-part mutant S (4) (sm) -haplotype, which lacks the pistil S (4) gene, which is the S (4) -RNase gene. To efficiently breed SC cultivars, we selected 'Nashi Chuukanbohon Nou 1 Gou' ('NCN1') harboring homozygous S (4) (sm) from a self-progeny of Osanijisseiki and crossed it with 'Okusankichi' (S (5) S (7) ), 'Hakkou' (S (4) S (5) ), or 'Ri-14' (S (1) S (2) ). Fruit set (%) was compared after self-pollination of the trees in the three progenies. All trees derived from the three progenies were predicted to be SC, except for the S (4) S (4) (sm) trees in the progeny of NCN1 x Hakkou. However, S (1) S (4) (sm) trees in the progeny of NCN1 x Ri-14 proved to be self-incompatible (SI). The pollen from Osanijisseiki was incompatible with 'Doitsu' (S (1) S (2) ), but that from Nijisseiki was compatible, suggesting a possibility that the S (4) (sm) pollen was rejected by S (1) -harboring pistils. This possibility was clarified by crossing the pollen from NCN1 (S (4) (sm) S (4) (sm) ) to Doitsu, 'Imamuraaki' (S (1) S (6) ), or 'Hougetsu' (S (1) S (7) ), all of which proved incompatible. On the other hand, S (4) (sm) pollen was accepted by pistils harboring the S (2) , S (3) , S (5) , S (6) , S (7) , S (9) , and S (k) haplotypes. The dual recognition of S (1) and S (4) pistils by S (4) (sm) pollen can be attributed to a mutation of the pollen S (4) gene(s).
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2012年08月, TREE GENETICS & GENOMES, 8 (4), 689 - 694, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Most fruit trees in the Rosaceae exhibit self-incompatibility, which is controlled by the pistil S gene, encoding a ribonuclease (S-RNase), and the pollen S gene at the S-locus. The pollen S in Prunus is an F-box protein gene (SLF/SFB) located near the S-RNase, but it has not been identified in Pyrus and Malus. In the Japanese pear, various F-box protein genes (PpSFBB(-alpha-gamma)) linked to the S-RNase are proposed as the pollen S candidate. Two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs around the S-RNase genes of Japanese pear were constructed, and 649 kb around S(4)-RNase and 378 kb around S(2)-RNase were sequenced. Six and 10 pollen-specific F-box protein genes (designated as PpSFBB(4-u1-u4, 4-d1-d2) and PpSFBB(2-u1-u5,) (2-d1-d5), respectively) were found, but PpSFBB(4-alpha-gamma) and PpSFBB(2-gamma) were absent. The PpSFBB(4) genes showed 66.2-93.1% amino acid identity with the PpSFBB(2) genes, which indicated clustering of related polymorphic F-box protein genes between haplotypes near the S-RNase of the Japanese pear. Phylogenetic analysis classified 36 F-box protein genes of Pyrus and Malus into two major groups (I and II), and also generated gene pairs of PpSFBB genes and PpSFBB/Malus F-box protein genes. Group I consisted of gene pairs with 76.3-94.9% identity, while group II consisted of gene pairs with higher identities (> 92%) than group I. This grouping suggests that less polymorphic PpSFBB genes in group II are non-S pollen genes and that the pollen S candidates are included in the group I PpSFBB genes.
OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2011年03月, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, 62 (6), 1887 - 1902, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Japanese pear exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility controlled by a single S-locus with multiple alleles. The S-locus encodes an S-RNase as a stylar product, and 10 S-RNase alleles (S-1 to S-9, and S-k) have been cloned from major cultivars. To investigate the diversity of S-alleles in Japanese pear, we analyzed the S-genotypes of three local cultivars ('Senryo', 'Kuroki', and 'Hogyoku'). Two S-RNase fragments were amplified from each cultivar by genomic PCR with S-RNase-specific primers. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker system to distinguish S-1- to S-9-RNases assigned S-3- and S-2-RNase alleles to 'Senryo' and 'Kuroki', respectively. Cloning and sequencing of the other S-RNase genes identified S-e-RNase of European pear in 'Senryo', S-12-RNase of Chinese pear in 'Kuroki', and S-30-RNase of Chinese pear and S-k-RNase in 'Hogyoku'. Therefore, S-genotypes of 'Senryo','Kuroki', and 'Hogyoku' were assigned as S3Se,S2S12, and SkS30, respectively. These results revealed that Japanese pear has some of the same S-alleles as European and Chinese pears as well as S-1- to S-9- and S-k-alleles.
JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI, 2009年01月, J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci., 78 (1), 55 - 60, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Most cultivars of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) exhibit S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI), but the cultivar, 'Grand Champion', is partially self-compatible (SC). We used pollination and molecular genetic approaches to study the cause of the partial SC, and its effects on fruit set and quality. 'Grand Champion' was genotyped to S(b)S(e) by an S-RNase-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker system. Crossing 'Grand Champion' with pollen from an SI cultivar, 'California' (S(b)S(e)), showed that partial SC was caused by the disruption of pistil function. Of the S(b)- and S(e)-RNase alleles cloned from 'Grand Champion', the S(b)-RNase allele had two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions compared with the S(b)-RNase allele previously cloned from 'Doyenne du Comice', but it retained the typical primary structure of S-RNases of the Maloideae. The sequence of the S(b)-RNase allele from 'Grand Champion' was also obtained from two SI cultivars: 'Josephine de Malines' and 'Urbaniste'. Similar levels of S(b)- and S(e)-RNase allele transcripts were found in the pistils of the partially SC and SI cultivars. S(b)- and S(e)-haplotypes in the selfed progeny of 'Grand Champion' segregated in a 1:1 ratio. 'Grand Champion' fruits formed by self-pollination were the same size and quality as those formed by cross-pollination. Our results suggest that partial SC was not caused by a mutation in the S-RNase allele. The partial SC in 'Grand Champion' results in efficient fruit set and fruit of economic size and quality.
HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD, 2009年01月, JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY, 84 (1), 77 - 82, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) has a gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) mechanism controlled by a single S-locus with multiple S-haplotypes, each of which contains separate genes that determine the allelic identity of pistil and pollen. The pistil S gene is the S-ribonuclease (S-RNase) gene, whereas good candidates for the pollen S gene are the F-box protein genes. A self-compatible (SC) cultivar, 'Osa-Nijisseiki', which is a bud mutant of 'Nijisseiki' (S2S4), has a stylar-part mutant S-4(sm)-haplotype, which lacks the S-4-RNase gene but retains the pollen S gene. To delineate the deletion breakpoint in the S-4(sm)-haplotype, we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from an S-4-homozygote, and assembled a BAC contig of 570 kb around the S-4-RNase. Genomic PCR of DNA from S-4- and S-4(sm)-homozygotes and the DNA sequence of the BAC contig allowed the identification of a deletion of 236 kb spanning from 48 kb upstream to 188 kb downstream of S-4-RNase. The S-4(sm)-haplotype lacks 34 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) including the S-4-RNase and a pollen-specific F-box protein gene (termed as S4F-box0). Genomic PCR with a primer pair designed from the deletion junctions yielded a product specific for the S-4(sm)-haplotype. The product could be useful as a maker for early selection of SC cultivars harboring the S-4(sm)-haplotype.
SPRINGER, 2008年03月, PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 66 (4), 389 - 400, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
European pear (Pyrus communis L.) exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility controlled by a single S-locus with multi alleles but has not been assigned with various pairs of S alleles by cross-incompatibility with pollen parents and between cultivars. The Rosaceae S alleles encode S ribonucleases (S-RNases) as a stylar product. For S-genotyping European pear cultivars, the full-length cDNAs of 17 S-RNases were cloned from stylar RNA using RACE cloning. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences between these cDNAs and 13 putative S-RNase alleles previously amplified by genomic PCR revealed that 12 corresponded to the putative Sa-, Sb-, Sc-, Sd-, Se- (Sj-), Sh-, Si-, Sk-, Sl-, Sm-, Sn- and Sp-RNase alleles and the other five corresponded to new S-RNase alleles (designated as Sg-, Sq-, Sr-, Ss- and St-RNase alleles). S-RNase specific PCR methods have been developed for genotyping Rosaceae fruit trees. Genomic PCR, with a set of primers 'FTQQYQ' and 'EP-anti-IIWPNV2' designed from the cDNA sequences, was used to amplify 17 S-RNase alleles; 1906 bp (Sg), 1642 bp (Si), 1414 bp (SI), ca. 1.3 kb (Sk and Sq), 998 bp (Se), 440 bp (Sb) and ca. 350 bp (Sa, Se, Sd, Sh, Si, Sm, Sit, Sp, Sr and Ss). Among them, S-RNase alleles of similar size Were discriminated by digestion with 11 restriction endonucleases. The PCR amplification of 17 S-RNase alleles following digestion with the restriction endonucleases provided a CAPS marker system for rapid S-genotyping of European pear cultivars harboring 17 S alleles. Using the CAPS analysis, the pairs of 17 S alleles were found in 104 cultivars, which were classified into 49 S-genotypes. Among these, 22 genotypes were shared by two or more cultivars, which were cross-incompatible. These results suggested that there were many cross-incompatible combinations among European pear cultivars.
INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 2008年, PROCEEDINGS OF THE XTH INTERNATIONAL PEAR SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2, 800: 391-400. (800), 391 - +, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
An S-4(sm)-haplotype derived from a self-compatible cultivar 'Osa Nijisseiki' (S2S4sm; sm = stylar-part mutant) is extensively used to breed self-compatible cultivars in Japanese pear. To aid the early selection of self-compatible trees from a cross-progeny, S-RNase based CAPS marker systems have been used, but yield no products from the S-4(sm)-haplotype. We developed an S-4(sm)-haplotype specific DNA marker based on the recent result that the S-4(sm)-haplotype lacks approximately 236 kb around the S-4-RNase. A primer pair 'SM-F' and 'SM-R'was designed from the deletion junction sequences in the S-4(sm)-haplotype. Genomic PCR with 'SM-F' and 'SM-R' yielded a product of 666 bp from S-4(sm)-haplotype but did not from S-1- to S-9- haplotypes. This indicates that the product of 666 bp can be used as a DNA marker specific for the S-4(sm)-haplotype. Using the S-4(sm)-haplotype specific marker and a CAPS marker system for discriminating S-1- to S-9-RNase alleles, a cross-progeny of 'Osa Nijisseiki' (S2S4sm) x 'Nansui' (S4S9) was genotyped. Based on the S-genotype, four (S4S9)-S-sm trees were selected as self-compatible trees. These four selections were confirmed to be self-compatible by self-pollination tests. Therefore, the combination of the S-4(sm)-haplotype specific marker and the CAPS marker system provides an early and reliable selection system of SC trees in Japanese pear and is useful for the breeding of self-compatible cultivars in Japanese pear using the S-4(sm)-haplotype.
INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 2008年, PROCEEDINGS OF THE XTH INTERNATIONAL PEAR SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2, 800: 401-408. (800), 401 - +, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
The full-length cDNAs of eight S ribonucleases (S-RNases) were cloned from stylar RNA of European pear cultivars that could not be characterized by the cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) marker system for genotyping European pear cultivars harboring nine S alleles Sa, Sb, Sd, Se, Sh, Sk, Sl, Sq, and Sr. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences between these cDNAs and six putative S-RNase alleles previously amplified by genomic PCR revealed that five corresponded to the putative Sc-, Si-, Sm-, Sn-, and Sp-RNase alleles and the other three corresponded new S-RNase alleles (designated as putative Sg-, Ss-, and St-RNase alleles). Genomic PCR with a new set of primers was used to amplify 17 S-RNase alleles: 1906 bp (Sg), 1642 bp (St), 1414 bp (Sl), ca. 1.3 kb (Sk and Sq), 998 bp (Se), 440 bp (Sb), and ca. 350 bp (Sa, Sc, Sd, Sh, Si, Sm, Sn, Sp, Sr, and Ss). Among them, S-RNase alleles of similar size were discriminated by digestion with 11 restriction endo-nucleases. The PCR amplification of 17 S-RNase alleles following digestion with the restriction endonucleases provided a new CAPS marker system for rapid S-genotyping of European pear cultivars harboring 17 S alleles. Using the CAPS analysis, Sc, Sg, Si, Sm, Sn, Sp, Ss, and St alleles were found in 32 cultivars, which were classified into 23 S-genotypes.
SPRINGER, 2007年03月, PLANT CELL REPORTS, 26 (3), 345 - 354, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Nine full-length cDNAs of S ribonucleases (S-RNases) were cloned from stylar RNA of European pear cultivars by RT-PCR and 3' and 5' RACE. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences between the nine S-RNases cloned and 13 putative S alleles previously amplified by genomic PCRs revealed that seven corresponded to Sa, Sb, Sd, Se, Sh, Sk and Sl alleles, and the other two were new S alleles (designated as Sq and Sr alleles). Genomic PCR with a set of 'TQQYQ' and 'EP-anti-IIWPNV' primers was used to amplify nine S alleles; 1,414 bp (Sl), ca. 1.3 kb (Sk and Sq), 998 bp (Se), 440 bp (Sb) and ca. 350 bp (Sa, Sd, Sh and Sr). Among these, S alleles of similar size were discriminated by digestion with BaeI, BglII, BssHII, HindIII, EcoO109I and SphI. The PCR amplification of S allele following digestion with the restriction enzymes provided a PCR-RFLP system for rapid S-genotyping European pear cultivars harboring nine S alleles. The PCR-RFLP system assigned a total of 63 European pear cultivars to 25 genotypes. Among these, 14 genotypes were shared by two or more cultivars, which were cross-incompatible. These results suggested that the genes cloned represented the S-RNases from European pear, and that there were many cross-incompatible combinations among European pear varieties.
SPRINGER, 2006年05月, THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS, 112 (8), 1543 - 1552, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Self- and cross-incompatibility in European pear (Pyrus communis L.), which is estimated by the fruit set and seed formation, is yet unclear. We carried out self-, cross-and non-pollinations with one flower per cluster on 10 European pear cultivars, and estimated their parthenocarpic potential, and self- and cross-incompatibility. Most cultivars exhibited parthenocarpy, which suggests that the fruit set is not a suitable criterion for distinguishing incompatibility from compatibility. However, clear judgment could be provided by using the self-incompatibility (SI) index, (the number of viable seeds per flower obtained from test pollination/the number of viable seeds per flower resulting from compatible cross-pollination) x 100, as a new criterion. Based on this index, 'Grand Champion' has proven to be partially self-compatible, whereas others were classified as self-incompatible. Traits of the seeded fruits, such as weight, size, and soluble solids content, were superior to those of the parthenocarpic fruits. Thus, cross-compatible pollination is necessary for a stable fruit set and production of large, good quality fruits in cultivars with a high parthenocarpic potential. Two cross-incompatible combinations were found between 'Flemish Beauty' and 'Starkrimson', and 'Bartlett' and 'Seigneur d'Espdren', respectively.
JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI, 2005年11月, JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 74 (6), 424 - 430, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
セイヨウナシ (<i>Pyrus communis</i> L.) の自家および交雑不和合性は結実率や種子数により判定されてきたが, それらの評価は明確ではない. 本研究では交雑による不和合・和合の判定方法を確立するため, セイヨウナシ10品種を用いて1花そう1花の除雄無受粉, 自家受粉および他家受粉を行い, 各品種の単為結果性, 自家不和合性および品種間の交雑不和合性を調査した. ほぼすべての品種が単為結果性を有し, 結実率による不和合・和合の識別はできなかった. しかし, 新たに提案したself-incompatibility (SI) index ((評価対象の交配における交配花数当たりの充実種子数)/(和合交配における交配花数当たりの充実種子数)×100) により不和合・和合の判定が可能になった. その結果, 'グランド・チャンピオン'は部分的自家和合性であり, 他の品種は自家不和合性であることが明らかになった. 有種子果実の品質は単為結果果実よりも優れており, 単為結果性を有するセイヨウナシでも安定的な良質果実の生産には和合花粉の受粉が必要でることが明らかになった. 'フレミッシュ・ビューティー'と'スタークリムソン'および'バートレット'と'セニョール・デスペラン'の二つの組み合わせが交雑不和合を示した.
一般社団法人 園芸学会, 2005年, 園芸学会雑誌, 74 (6), 424 - 430The existence of different kinds of kinases in pollen and pollen tubes suggests that kinase-mediated signaling pathways are likely involved in regulating pollen germination and pollen tube growth during the life cycle of higher plants. We have used RT-PCR and RACE to isolate full-length cDNAs for two pollen-expressed kinases, named NtPK1 and NtPK2, of Nicotiana tabacum. NtPK1 and NtPK2 encode proteins of 365 and 369 amino acids with calculated molecular masses of 39.2 kDa and 39.5 kDa, respectively, and both proteins possess the 12 sub-domains that are conserved among protein kinases. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of NtPK1 and NtPK2 share 88% and 91% identity, respectively, with the C-terminal region being the most conserved. RT-PCR analysis revealed that NtPK1 was specifically expressed in pollen and pollen tubes, and that NtPK2 was also expressed in pistil and petal. Immunoblot analysis using anti-NtPK1 and anti-NtPK2 antibodies confirmed that both NtPK1 and NtPK2 were produced in pollen and pollen tubes, and that NtPK2 was also produced in developing male gametophytes and other floral tissues. Biochemical fractionation experiments showed that, in all the tissues examined, NtPK1 and NtPK2 were present in the cytosolic fraction and not in the microsomal fraction. NtPK1 and NtPK2 were found to autophosphorylate on threonine and, for NtPK2, on serine as well. All the results taken together suggest that NtPK1 and NtPK2 are novel receptor-like cytosolic serine/threonine kinases, and could mediate signaling pathways required for pollen germination and/or pollen tube growth.
SPRINGER, 2004年12月, SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION, 17 (4), 165 - 175, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
A Japanese pear 'Kumoi' was previously determined as S3S4 by pollination tests, but its S-genotype was reconsidered following our PCR-RFLP (S-1 to S-9) analyses and pollination tests. Based on its compatibility with 'Seigyoku' (S3S4), and PCR-RFLP analysis, 'Kumoi' was classified as S1S3 for the first time. Additional pollination tests were necessary to prove our contention, but 'Kumoi' did not supply sufficient flowers. 'Sekaiichi' was also assigned as S1S3 by PCR-RFLP analysis, and incompatibility with 'Kumoi'. Instead of 'Kumoi', 'Sekaiichi' was pollinated with the pollen from an S-3-homozygote and that from an S-4(sm)-homozygote. The lack of fruit set revealed that 'Sekaiichi' was incompatible with the S-3 and S-4(sm) pollen, leading us to predict that the S-genotype of 'Sekaiichi' was S1S3 or S3S4. Two S-genotypes with S1S3 and S2S3 segregated in hybrid progenies between 'Doitsu' (S1S2) and 'Sekaiichi', indicating that S, was present in 'Sekaiichi'. These results of pollination tests with 'Sekaiichi' indicated the S-genotype of 'Kumoi' was S1S3.
JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI, 2004年11月, JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 73 (6), 524 - 528, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
For development of an F-1 hybrid of lettuce cultivars, an efficient pollinator must be found. To evaluate pollination effects of a candidate pollinator, Lasioglossum villosulum trichopse, the foraging behavior and pollination ability of this sweat bee were investigated on the flowers of male-fertile (MF) and genic male-sterile (GMS) lettuce. Females of the sweet bee visited three lettuce cultivars for a short time corresponding to each cultivar's full blooming time and showed unique foraging behavior on the MF lettuce flower. The flower heads thus visited by a single pollen-gathering female sweat bee indicated a seed set as high as that of self-pollinated flower heads on a fine day. On the GMS lettuce, the rate of seed set was significantly lower in the bee-pollinated flower heads than that of hand-pollinated flower heads which bloomed on fine days. The low seed set was considered to be associated with weather conditions during the experimental period. This is the first report of successful F-1 hybrid seed production of lettuce using a pollinator insect.
JAPAN SOC APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL, 2004年02月, APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY, 39 (1), 163 - 169, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
A new S-9-allele was discovered in 6 Japanese pear cultivars, 'Shinkou', 'Shinsei', 'Niitaka', 'Amanogawa', 'Nangetsu' and 'Nansui'. cDNA encoding S-9-RNase, a stylar product of S-9-allele, was cloned from pistils of 'Shinkou' and 'Shinsei' by 3' and 5' RACE. The S-9-RNase gene had an open reading frame of 684 nucleotides encoding 228 amino acid residues. S-9-RNase had a hypervariable (HV) region different from S-1- to S-8-RNase and shared higher similarity (95.2%) with apple S-3-RNase than with 8 Japanese pear S-RNases (from 61.0% to 70.7%). Genomic PCR with primers 'FTQQYQ' and 'anti-(I/T) IWPNV' provided S-1- to S-9-amplicon (product), but could not discriminate the S-2 from the S-9 of ca. 1.3 kb. The S-2 and S-9 were distinguished by digestion with AflII and BstBI, respectively. The digestion with nine S-allele-specific restriction endonucleases, SfcI, AflII, PpuMI, NdeI, AlwNI, HincII, AccII, NruI and BstBI, distinguished S-1 to S-9, establishing that this PCR-RFLP system is useful for S-genotype assignments in Japanese pear harboring S-1- to S-9-allele. 'Shinkou', 'Shinsei', 'Nangetsu' and 'Nansui' assigned as S4S9 were determined to be cross incompatible.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, 2004年, EUPHYTICA, 135 (2), 157 - 167, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
Six turnip cultivars (Brassica rapa var. rapifera) exhibited shoot regeneration ability of 0-44.0% from their hypocotyl sections. Shoot regeneration from hypocotyl sections of 5 turnip cultivars was markedly enhanced by adding AgNO3 into a shoot regeneration medium. Transgenic turnip plants were obtained by the Agrobacterium - mediated transformation procedure incorporating AgNO3 in the shoot regeneration medium. Transformation efficiencies (percentage of stable transformants per total sections infected) were 1.0% and 0.5% for 'Hinonakabu' and 'Honbenidaimarukabu'.
Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, 2004年, Plant Biotechnology, 21 (3), 225 - 228, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
Insects visiting lettuce flowers were investigated under field and enclosure conditions. In a 4-year field survey, visitors of I I species belonging to 3 orders were observed. Most species visiting the flowers were sweat bees (Hymenoptera; Halictidae). The frequency (total days of visitation to lettuce flower/total days of flight by the insect) of visitations by the sweat bee Lasioglossum villosulum trichopse was obviously higher at 65.5% than those of other insects. Honeybees were not observed on the lettuce flowers. In a 5-year survey under enclosure conditions, 10 of 17 bee species reared and a hoverfly were observed to visit the lettuce flowers. The highest frequency of visitation was shown by L. villosulum trichopse (59.4%), followed by Andrena knuthi (19.2%) and Osmia cornifrons (8.6%). Most visitors were one-day foragers and classified as temporary nectar foragers and continual pollen (and nectar) gatherers. Continual nectar foraging was observed in only 3 species, L. villosulum trichopse, An. knuthi and Ceratina boninensis. Daily flight activities of L. villosulum trichopse and the Lactuceac oligolectic bee An. knuthi corresponded to the morning blooming time of lettuce. The sweat bee L. villosulum trichopse may be a pollinator for hybrid seed production of lettuce.
JAPAN SOC APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL, 2003年11月, APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY, 38 (4), 571 - 581, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Male sterility is widely used for the production of hybrid seeds, but the use of genic male sterility is rather limited because of difficulty in maintaining homozygous male sterile plants. Recently, the DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 (DAD1) gene, which encodes a phospholipase A1 involved in the first step of the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway, was isolated from a male sterile Arabidopsis mutant. To utilize this gene in Brassica crops, we characterized the BrDAD1 gene, the putative ortholog of DAD1 in Brassica rapa. Out of 25 plants transformed with an antisense gene constructed from the BrDAD1, 3 plants showed a defect of anther dehiscence at the flower bud opening stage and produced inviable pollen. One of the three showed male sterility only, but the other two showed a delay or a lack of flower opening in addition to male sterility. The male sterile and flower-opening phenotypes were rescued by the application of JA as well as linolenic acid. Furthermore, all these characteristics were inherited to the next generation. The present results demonstrate a novel control system for hybrid seed production by the use of nuclear genes.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, 2003年05月, MOLECULAR BREEDING, 11 (4), 325 - 336, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(学術雑誌)
ISI 被引用数:25
2001年09月, Plant J., 26, 69 - 76, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Genomic clones of 2.8 kb, 3.3 kb and 6.5 kb for the S-2-, S-3- and S-5-RNases of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), respectively, were isolated and sequenced. Comparison of the 5'-flanking regions of these genes with the same region of the S-4-RNase gene indicated that a highly similar region of approximately 200 bp exists in the regions just upstream of the putative TATA boxes of the four Japanese pear S-RNase genes. This suggests the presence of cis-regulatory element(s) in this region.
SPRINGER-VERLAG, 2001年05月, SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION, 13 (5), 289 - 291, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
ISI 被引用数:1
2001年04月, Breed. Sci., 51, 89 - 94, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
S-RNase is a style-specific ribonuclease which is associated with gametophytic self-incompatibility. An expression vector of a fusion protein of Pyrus pyrifolia (Japanese pear) S3-RNase with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was constructed and transformed into E. coli. Using this system, the fusion protein, GST-S3-RNase, was expressed as an active form and can be used for screening pollen S-gene product(s).
2000年09月, Biotechnology Letters, 22 (17), 1413 - 1417, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The self-incompatibility possessed by Brassica is an intraspecific reproductive barrier by which the stigma rejects self-pollen but accepts non-self-pollen for fertilization. The molecular/biochemical bases of recognition and rejection have been intensively studied. Self- incompatibility in Brassica is sporophytically controlled by the polymorphic S locus. Two tightly linked polymorphic genes at the S locus, S receptor kinase gene (SRK) and S locus glycoprotein gene (SLG), are specifically expressed in the papillar cells of the stigma, and analyses of self- compatible liness of Brassica have suggested that together they control stigma function in self-incompatibility interactions. Here we show, by transforming self-incompatible plants of Brassica rapa with an SRK28 and an SLG28 transgene separately, that expression of SRK28 alone, but not SLG28 alone, conferred the ability to reject self (S28)-pollen on the transgenic plants. We also show that the ability of SRK28 to reject S28 pollen was enhanced by SLG28. We conclude that SRK alone determines S haplotype specificity of the stigma, and that SLG acts to promote a full manifestation of the self-incompatibility response.
2000年02月24日, Nature, 403 (6772), 913 - 916, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
ISI 被引用数:25
1999年08月, Plant Mol. Biol., 40, 659 - 668, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
ISI 被引用数:9
1998年10月, Sex. Plant Reprod., 11, 292 - 294, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
ISI 被引用数:30
1998年09月, Genetics, 149, 1587 - 1597, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
ISI 被引用数:39
1998年03月, Heredity, 80, 241 - 247, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
The expression of S8-RNase was confirmed in pistils of two Japanese pear cultivars, Tchiharawase' (S158) and 'Heiwa' (S4S8). The complete sequence of the S8-RNase gene was determined connecting the nucleotide sequences of partial cDNA and 5′ terminal genomic DNA fragments amplified by RTPCR and genomic PCR. The S8-RNase has an open reading frame of 684 nucleotides encoding 228 amino acid residues. A hypervariable region (HV) of S8- RNase, which is quite different from those of S1- to S7-RNases, includes an intron of 234 bp. The similarity of deduced amino acid sequences between S8-RNase and the seven S-RNases of Japanese pear ranged from 56.7% (S?- RNase) to 70.2% (S7- RNase). Based on its nucleotide sequence, we selected Nrul as S8- RNase specific restriction endonuclease and established the PCR- RFLP system for discriminating S1 - to S8- alleles.
Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, 2002年, Plant Biotechnology, 19 (1), 1 - 6, 英語The S-genotype assignments in the Japanese pear cultivars, 'Akaho', 'Tanzawa', 'Kimizukawase', 'Choju', 'Ichiharawase' and 'Meigetsu' previously determined by pollination tests have raised some doubt recently. These cultivars mere analyzed by S-RNase based PCR-RFLP, and their S-genotype assignments reconsidered. The assignment based on the PCR-RFLP system was in agreement with that determined previously by pollination tests in six cultivars, 'Chojuro', 'Doitsu', 'Kikusui', 'Kosui', 'Taihaku' and 'Yakumo', confirming the applicability of the system. 'Akaho', 'Tanzawa', 'Kimizukawase' and 'Choju' were analyzed and assigned as S3S5, S4S5, S1S5 and S1S5, respectively. Two of these cultivars, 'Akaho' and 'Tanzawa', were also confirmed by our pollination tests, In three cultivars, 'Ichiharawase', 'Meigetsu' and 'Heiwa' ('Nijisseiki' x 'Ichiharawase'), a new S-RNase fragment with a size and digestion pattern distinct from those of S-1 to S-7 RNases of Japanese pear was amplified, The deduced amino acid sequence in the hypervariable region of this S-RNase was quite different from those of S-1 to S-7-RNases, We, therefore, assigned this S-RNase as S-8-RNase, and identified the S-genotypes of 'Ichiharawase', 'Meigetsu' and 'Heiwa' as S1S8, S1S8 and S4S8, respectively.
JAPANESE SOC BREEDING, 2001年03月, BREEDING SCIENCE, 51 (1), 5 - 11, 英語教科書・概説・概論
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