澤 宗則 | ![]() |
サワ ムネノリ | |
大学院人間発達環境学研究科 人間環境学専攻 | |
教授 | |
人文科学その他 |
2007年11月 人文地理学会, 人文地理学会学会賞, 澤 宗則・南埜 猛、グローバル化にともなうインド農村の変容―バンガロール近郊農村の脱領域化と再領域化―、人文地理no.58-2,pp.1-20,2006.
本論文は、地理学の柱といえる実証研究の今後のあり方を考える上で大きな貢献をするものであり、学会賞にふさわしい論考である。具体的には次の2点において高く評価できる。まず第1に、グローバル化という今日的な重要課題について、ローカルな地域の問題を扱ってきた地理学(者)がどのような立場・視点からアプローチするのかという基本的な問題に対して、ひとつの答えを提示している点である。理論的枠組みとしてギデンズの近代性に関する理論を援用し、それを「脱領域化」と「再領域化」というフレームに置き換え、ローカルな存在の農村空間における変容についてインド大都市近郊農村を事例に考察している。その中で、地理学が得意としてきたローカルスケールでの実証研究によりその過程を解き明かそうとする本論文は、オリジナリティある研究として高く評価できる。わが国におけるグローバリゼーションをめぐ, 日本国学会誌・学術雑誌による顕彰
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
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In recent years, Nepalese in Japan have been rapidly increasing. This study intends to clarify the trend of the Nepalese migrants and its socio-economic factors referring to preceding studies and various statistical data.Historically migrants from Nepal mainly outflowed to India. Foreign Employment Act introduced in 1985 led to an opening Nepalese labors to the world. The number of Nepalese migrants was limited in hundreds of thousands levels, while the ratio to India decreased at the time of 2001 census. The political situation becomes stable owing to the peace agreement of the civil war of Nepal in 2006 and conversion of Kingdom into Federation Democratic Republic in 2008.Then the Governemnt of Nepal enacted new Foreign Employment Act in 2007 and introduced Foreign Employment policy in 2012. These migration policies have improved the circumstances of Nepalese migrants. As globalization proceeds, the number of Nepalese migrants estimated to be more than 2 million people in 2014/15 year. The remittance from abroad estimated at 27.7% of Nepalese GDP which accounted for an extremely large proportion in Nepalese economy.Destinations of Nepalese migrants are India, Middle Eastern oil-producing countries as well as ASEAN countries. In late years the migrants to Malaysia have increased rapidly. Although Nepalese in Japan is only 0.2% of the whole Nepalese abroad, Japan became the largest destination for studying abroad. We examined the characteristics of Nepalese migrants in Japan comparing with the migrants from South Asian nations. As a result, Nepalese migrants in Japan have increased rapidly, the number is the largest among those from Southern Asian countries and twice as Indians in Japan. The main 'status of residence' of Nepalese is "study"(37.0%, 2015), and that of, " Engineer/Humanities/ International Services" is only 3.7%. Status of "Skilled Labor", mostly cooks in Indian restaurants, shows a significant ratio in both Nepalese and Indians. Nepalese are slightly younger than Indians. Both of them mostly lives in Tokyo, but the most distinctive feature of Nepalese is large population in Fukuoka and Okinawa prefectures. This study found that this feature has a strong connection with Japanese language schools in both prefectures. In addition to these results, this study points out two important research tasks from now on; 1) Investigating the situation of Nepalese students in Japanese language schools and of their part-time jobs as well as their future after graduating from the schools, 2) Investigating 'Little Nepal', which will be a new ethnic community, in Suginami-district, Tokyo associated with newly established Nepalese School.
沖縄移民研究センター, 2017年08月, 移民研究, (13), 23 - 48, 日本語, パスワードが無い[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(大学,研究機関等紀要)
「人間発達」およびそれを支える「人間環境」の視点に立って安心して暮らせる生活とはいかなるものか、またその実現のためにはどのような条件が必要か、そこでの課題は何かについて、総合的に検討した内容についてまとめたものである。
神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科, 2015年03月, 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学,研究科 研究紀要, 8 (2), 127 - 129, 日本語研究論文(大学,研究機関等紀要)
The Indian community abroad has undergone many changes that are intimately linked to globalisation. This study examines the process of reorganisation during de-territorialisation and re-territorialisation under globalisation in relation to the national, regional, and local scales of Indian community abroad. The globalised economy has brought the cross-border expansion of labour
人文地理学会, 2013年12月, 人文地理, 65 (6), 508 - 526, 英語, パスワードが無い[査読有り][招待有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
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科学研究費成果報告書(課題番号:17520535)
Madras, 2007年, The Indian Geographical Journal, 82 (1), 7 - 26, 英語, パスワードが無い[査読有り][招待有り]
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
広島市の近郊の1村落を事例に,混住化に焦点を当て,多様な住民から構成される地域社会の構造とその特色について考察を行なった。当地域は,1970年代以降の人口流入により,スプロール的に都市的土地利用が拡大した。その際,農家は集約的農業,不動産経営あるいは通勤兼業をする層に分化することにより,都市化に対応した。筆者は,住民属性と地域社会との関連を明らかにするため,アンケート調査に基づき,地域集団・地域行事への参加率および地域への意識における住民属性間の有意差の検定を行なった。その結果,新・旧住民間の大きな差異とともに,両者の内部差異も認められた。内部差異の要因として,旧住民では農業経営形態新住民では定住意志の有無が重要であることが明らかになった.また,この分析により,旧住民については,集約的農業経営農家層,通勤兼業農家層と非農家層,新住民については,定住層と流再転居予定層の各類型が得られた.混住化の進行した地域社会では,少数派である集約的農業経営農家がりーダーシップをとることが多い.とくに,自治組織と伝統的地域行事を維持するためには,彼らの存在は不可欠である.このため,集約的農業経営農家が存在する限り,近郊農村は都市化や混住化が進行しても,村落の自治組織の機能と伝統的地域行事は維持されるといえよう.新住民と旧住民は地:域的利害関係において対立することが多いが,このなかにあって,子供会は祭りや地区運動会の準備をとおして,両者間の交流を促進
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
Japanese rural areas have experienced deep socio-economic changes since the high level of economic growth period. For instance, Rurban Villages (Konjuuka-shakai), a new type of community which is composed of farm and non-farm households, have been appearing in the metropolitan area, while the remote rural areas have been suffering from serious depopulation. In Europe, Lewis and Maund (1976) proposed a schematic representation which is founded upon the gradient principle to describe these spatial variations.This paper examines the adaptability of the gradient principle and attempts to clarify the spatial classification of the rural settlements in the Hiroshima Metropolitan area both in 1970 and 1980 in order to present a schema which explains the spatial changes of Japanese rural areas.The results obtained in this paper are as follows:The gradient principle is demonstrated concerning farm land, rural population, rural labor force, agricultural managements and regional society. The rural settlements are classified by 3 socio-economic variables: the ratio of farm households, that of regular part-time farm households, and agricultural income. In classifying the rural settlements, the division values of the variables are estimated as x+0.5σ and x-0.5σ (x: mean, σ: standard devitation) of each variable. The rural settlements are divided into 3 parts in each variable so that 33=27 types are obtained, but only those types which account for more than 5 percent of all rural settlements are analyzed in this paper.The distribution of rural settlement types is schematized as shown Fig. 10 based on the distance from Hiroshima City.The area is divided into the following 4 regions:The Suburbs (I) is the typical Rurban Village which is composed of both farm and non-farm households. Most of the rural settlements have kept agriculture only for a self-sufficiency, while a few have maintained intensive agriculture though the built-up area has been expanded. In Sector (II), commercial agriculture has developed and the agricultural income has formed an important part of household economy. Sector (III) has been suffering from serious depopulation because both agriculture and transportation for commuting are in bad condition. In Sector (IV), seasonal/casual manual labour has been dominant so that the population has depended slightly on agriculture income. In every sector, the rural settlements along the main transport routes depend a little on agriculture and the ratio of regular part-time farm households is high because of the convenience of transportation.In the period between 1970 and 1980, it is evident that the mixture of farm and nonfarm households and the ratio of regular part-time farm households have been increasing. This phenomena has spread outwards from Hisroshima City via the main transport routes.The schema in this paper indicates that the regional division of the rural area is explained by not merely the gradient principle, but also the differentiation principle.
人文地理学会, 1988年, 人文地理, 40 (2), 118 - 143, 日本語, パスワードが無い[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
In Japan, until the administrative villages were formed in 1889, the Meiji Goverument had been reorga-nizing the new adrninistrative areas repeatedly through trial and error for about twenty years. Therefore, many case studies have been done on how the modern administrative areas were forrned and on the rela-tions between the feudal administrative areas and the modern ones. This paper aims to understand the formation and its factors of every administrative area and to make clear the ralations between these areas and rural communities (Mura) in the Meiji era of Bizen province (Kuni). Bizen province is located in the southern part of the present Okayama Prefecture. The coastal region in Seto Inland Sea was economicaily very active and densely populated, whereas the mountainous region was economically poor and rarely populated. The author analyzed how the administrative areas within Bizen province in the Edo era such as the "Go", which had been a local administrative unit comprised of several viuages, and squire area (Ohjaya-ku) had effects on the formation of administrative areas like ward-subward (Daiku-Shoku) in 1872, union of vil-lage offices (Rengo-kucho-yakuba) area in 1884 and administrative village in 1889. As a result, the author found some spatial type classifications such as mountain, plain, peninsula and newly reclaimed land (Shinden) areas, so that he detailed each area with some examples; especially he re-seached the spatial relationship between rural communities and these administrative areas. Through such analysis, the following four types have been recognized due to the spatial difierences of natural and socio-historical conditions. 1) Mountainous type In Tsudaka, Akasaka and lwanashi counties (Gun), the social associations arnong the feudal villages (Hansei-son) were closely interlinked to some extent owing to the remaining functions of the "Go" and the restriction by the valley. Therefore, the adrninistrative areas of these regions have not altered so much in spite of the Central Government's reorganization policy in the Meiji era. 2) Plain type There were no natural barrieres in Mino, Jodo and Oku counties (Gun) in Okayama plain. The "Go" had akeady lost its functions in the late Edo era. The connections among former feudal viffage were not closely interlinked and the new admiunistrative areas were repeatedly altered in pararel with the radical changes of local governrnent system. 3) Peninsula type In Kojima county (Gun), forrner feudal vmages included in every administrative area were the smallest in number because of the larger settlement. The "Go" which had aiready lost its functions did not exert an influence on delinuting the administrative areas in the early Meiji era. 4) Newly reclaimed land (Shinden) type In the new]y reclaimed land in the Bay of Kojima, the connections among the feudal viuages were so closely interlinked that the administrative areas have not reorganized at all during the early Meiji era be-cause it was reclaimed at the same time though the "Go" had not been formed. In delimiting the administrative villages in 1889, the irrigation area played more important role than the area of a tutelary deity (Ujiko-ken). After the formation of the administrative villages, the Central Govern-ment tried to strengthen the intra-village connection by coordinating the school district to the newly reorga-nized administrative areas and by unifying au tutelary deities in an administrative village. But there remained the community functions, so that inhabitants were unwilling to accept the Government's policy in the urrification of the tutelary deities.
地理科学学会, 1986年01月, 地理科学, 41 (1), 17 - 32, 日本語, パスワードが無い[査読有り]
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