高田 暁 | ![]() |
タカダ サトル | |
大学院工学研究科 建築学専攻 | |
教授 | |
土木・建築工学関係 |
2020年05月 日本建築学会, 日本建築学会賞(論文), 非定常状態における人体・着衣の熱水分移動と温冷感・乾燥感の予測に関する研究
2016年10月 人間-生活環境系学会, 人間-生活環境系学会論文賞, 個人
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2005年09月 日本建築学会, 日本建築学会奨励賞, 論文
2001年12月 人間-生活環境系学会, 人間-生活環境系会議奨励賞, 論文
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
Eye discomfort is a major complaint reported in indoor spaces and has been suggested to be exacerbated by environmental conditions such as low humidity and high air velocity. Wearing face masks, which has become essential in our daily lives during the COVID-19 pandemic, can also cause eye discomfort by affecting the microclimate around the eyes. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the effect of wearing masks on eye discomfort by measuring the physical environment around the eyes and short-term physiological and psychological responses and comparing them with and without surgical face masks. The results showed that when the participant wore a mask, exhaled air flowed out through the gap at the top edge of the mask, resulting in a higher air velocity and absolute humidity around the eyes than when the mask was not worn. No significant differences were found in subjective discomfort, tear-film stability, ocular surface temperature or blink frequency. However, the tear evaporation rate, estimated based on physical measurements, was greater when wearing a mask than when not wearing it. This study revealed that wearing face masks can negatively affect the environment around the eyes in terms of tear-film health.
SAGE Publications, 2023年05月12日, Indoor and Built Environment, 1420326X2311741 - 1420326X2311741, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The sorption property of porous building materials in the hygroscopic region (sorption isotherm) is an important input to hygrothermal simulation. In this study, we proposed efficient and accurate protocols to obtain sorption isotherms using the static desiccator method. We developed a calculation model for three-dimensional simultaneous heat and moisture transfer in a material corresponding to the measurement specified in ISO 12571. Using an international database of the material properties, we conducted numerical simulations of the sorption process for five types of materials. The evolution of the amount of adsorbed moisture in a specimen and the time to reach equilibrium during the measurement were calculated under various humidity levels and specimen dimensions. According to the simulated results, we improved timing and interval for weighting the specimen to confirm the attainment of equilibrium for each type of a material and for each humidity level from the viewpoint of efficiency and accuracy. Meanwhile, the influence of size of a specimen on the time necessary to obtain the results was quantitatively demonstrated. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the method used for the determination of the attainment of equilibrium provided in ISO 12571 can underestimate the moisture content of materials with low moisture content and vapor permeability, and a policy to reduce risks of the underestimation was proposed.
SAGE Publications, 2023年01月17日, Journal of Building Physics, 46 (5), 541 - 566, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
入浴中の熱中症を防止するためには,入浴時の深部体温の上昇を多様な気温条件下で適切に予測可能な人体熱モデルが有用となる.本研究では,既存のTwo-nodeモデルのcore層を2分割するという改良を行ったモデルを開発し,湯温2段階(40℃・42℃),3季節(夏30℃,秋24℃,冬18℃)の計6条件について,男女各6名に対する10分間の入浴実験の結果と比較することで,モデルの妥当性検証を行った.直腸温の実測値とcore温度の計算値の誤差は,従来のTwo-nodeモデルでは0.15℃であるが,改良モデルでは0.11℃と改善された.冬季の湯温40℃条件に限ると,誤差が0.21℃から0.10℃へと大幅に改善された.以上より,Two-nodeモデルのcore層を2分割した提案モデルにより,入浴時の深部体温上昇を適切に予測できることが示された.
日本生気象学会, 2022年11月25日, 日本生気象学会雑誌, 59 (3-4), 79 - 88, 日本語[査読有り]
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Eye discomfort due to dryness is one of the major complaints reported in indoor spaces. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effect of low humidity on eye discomfort in soft contact lens (SCL) and non-CL wearers. In addition to subjective sensations, physiological parameters related to eye discomfort including tear-film parameters and blink patterns were comparatively evaluated between relative humidities of 10% and 45% at 23°C. For both the SCL and non-CL wearer groups, low humidity had a significant effect on some of the measured physiological parameters. The SCL group showed lower ocular surface temperature and larger temperature differential after blinking at 10% relative humidity (RH) than that at 45% RH, indicating faster tear evaporation. Furthermore, their tear films tended to be thinner and have a shorter break-up time at 10% RH than at 45% RH. The non-CL group showed a significantly higher blink frequency and longer eye-closure time at 10% RH than at 45% RH, presumably as a compensatory response to the disturbance of the tear film due to low humidity. These results suggest the importance of humidity control in indoor spaces in terms of tear-film quality, which contributes to eye discomfort.
SAGE Publications, 2022年09月14日, Indoor and Built Environment, 32 (3), 590 - 602, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
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Depending on the data source used, the material hygrothermal properties that are used in the numerical analysis of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer will not be consistent. Differences in measurement methods and the individuality of specimens account for this. It is necessary to choose values from these different physical property sets to conduct a numerical calculation, which can cause the calculated results to differ. The subsequent range of variation in the calculated results should be quantitatively evaluated. In this study, the physical properties of several types of porous building materials were first gathered from four databases. The data were then categorized based on the kind of material and compared in terms of each physical property (density, porosity, specific heat, moisture capacity, thermal conductivity, and vapor permeability). The density, porosity, and specific heat varied by 10% on average, and the moisture capacity, thermal conductivity, and vapor permeability varied by 20% or more for all types of materials. In particular, the vapor permeability of plywood and moisture capacity of gypsum board differed by 50%. The influence that these physical property value variations had on hygrothermal calculation results was then quantitatively demonstrated for moisture and heat flow rate under a step change in the relative humidity or temperature of indoor air for a single layer wall. The moisture and heat flow rate into a single layer wall fluctuated by approximately 10%–40% due to differences in the vapor permeability and moisture capacity of the materials. For all types of materials, moisture was transferred more slowly than heat. Therefore, differences in moisture property values, such as vapor permeability and moisture capacity, influenced the results more significantly. Moreover, the moisture flow was accompanied by a phase change. The differences in moisture property values thus affected the heat flow.
SAGE Publications, 2021年10月, Journal of Building Physics, 45 (6), 757 - 773, 英語[査読有り]
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In oitler to clanf3i the influence of indoor tempenture and humidity on the change in skin moisture content in daily hfe, surveys of skin moisture content of students engaging in sedentary works in a standard room in a university were conducted fium autumn to winter for two years. It was shown that the indoor hygmthemal pammeters (air tempenture, relative humidity absolute humidity) positively correlated with the skin moisture content and that the correlation coefficient with absolute humidity was the highest among the three pammeters. At the same time, it was found that the daily fluctuation of skin moisture content followed the fluctuation of indoor absolute humidity. Fora subject who was involved in the surveys fortwo years, the relationship between skin moisture content and indoor absolute humidity was found to be consistent Rum these results, it was shown that in ordinaiy daily life, the indoor absolute humidity has the sfronger influence on the skin moisture content than indoor air tempentuxe and relative humidity.
Architectural Institute of Japan, 2017年04月01日, 日本建築学会環境系論文集, 82 (734), 337 - 345, 英語[査読有り]
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To properly predict thermal comfort using a thermal model of the human body, heat and moisture transfer in and around clothing as well as the thermophysiological response of the human body must be evaluated. Among the phases for modeling heat and moisture transfer in and around clothing, ventilation in the air layer in clothing is one of the most difficult elements to quantify. The low air velocity in clothing and the complex shape of the air layer complicates measurement. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis around the human body considering the air layer in clothing was conducted instead of measurement. By importing three-dimensional (3D) shape data obtained by a laser scanner, the air distribution in and around clothing was observed by CFD analysis, for an adult human wearing single -layered clothing in typical indoor environmental conditions. The typical characteristics of the air flow around a clothed human body were clarified, and the influence of the ventilation of clothing air layers on the heat flux at the skin surface under the clothing was determined to be minimal. In addition, the results of the CFD analysis were consistent with those of a thermal manikin experiment, validating the CFD analysis. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2016年04月, BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT, 99, 210 - 220, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The mud wall is used traditionally for Japanese houses. For effective use, it is necessary to clarify the moisture performance of it quantitatively. Firstly the sorption isotherm and the water vapor permeability of the mud wall were measured. Secondly, the specimen was exposed to the transient absorption and desorption processes including relative humidity of 90 %. The processes were numerically analyzed using hygrothermal model for the hygroscopic range, and the calculated results agreed with the experimental results, which suggests the validity of the measured moisture properties and of the application of the hygroscopic model to the conditions including high humidity.
Elsevier Ltd, 2015年11月01日, Energy Procedia, 78, 1495 - 1500, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
The mud wall is used traditionally for Japanese houses. For effective use, it is necessary to clarify the moisture performance of it quantitatively. Firstly the sorption isotherm and the water vapor permeability of the mud wall were measured. Secondly, the specimen was exposed to the transient absorption and desorption processes including relative humidity of 90 %. The processes were numerically analyzed using hygrothermal model for the hygroscopic range, and the calculated results agreed with the experimental results, which suggests the validity of the measured moisture properties and of the application of the hygroscopic model to the conditions including high humidity. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under he CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the CENTRO CONGRESS INTERNAZIONALE SRL
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015年, 6TH INTERNATIONAL BUILDING PHYSICS CONFERENCE (IBPC 2015), 78, 1495 - 1500, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
研究論文(学術雑誌)
In winter, environmental problems caused by the stack effect occur in high-rise buildings. In order to prevent the stack effect, it is necessary to estimate the behavior of the natural ventilation quantitatively for a whole building. In this study, we measured pressure difference at elevator doors in an actual building through one winter, and at the same time, the numerical analysis by the airflow network model were performed. As the results, the calculated pressure differences at the elevator door on the top and bottom floor showed good agreement with the measured values for both mghttime and commuting time.
Architectural Institute of Japan, 2015年, 日本建築学会環境系論文集, 80 (715), 731 - 740, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
In winter, the stack effect causes problems in high-rise buildings. In order to prevent it, it is necessary to clarify significant factors influencing ventilation behaviors for whole building. In this paper, the pressure differences at elevator doors were measured through one winter for an actual high-rise building in use. Furthermore the correlation of pressure differences with the parameters such as time, the temperature differences between elevator shafts and outdoor air and the outdoor wind velocity was studied. It was suggested that opening of entrance and elevator doors might influence significantly pressure differences, and thus the ventilation behavior of whole building. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015年, 6TH INTERNATIONAL BUILDING PHYSICS CONFERENCE (IBPC 2015), 78, 2712 - 2716, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
To realize indoor thermal environments without discomfort due to dryness in the airway, the relationship among the sensation, the hygrothermal state in the airway and environmental conditions should be quantitatively studied. Subject experiments revealed that under conditions with high temperature or low humidity, the exhaled air temperature was higher, and the sensation of dryness was stronger. In addition, the results of the respiration model that calculated the hygrothermal state in the airway showed agreement with the experimental results. Moreover, the calculated moisture evaporation rate in the airway correlated with the sensation of dryness, which suggested the possibility of predicting a dry sensation based on the proposed model.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015年, 6TH INTERNATIONAL BUILDING PHYSICS CONFERENCE (IBPC 2015), 78, 2772 - 2777, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
本研究では、皮膚の乾燥による不快感のない室内環境設計に向けた基礎的検討として、調節発汗の生じない温熱条件の室内において、絶対湿度のステップ変化に前腕を曝露した実験を行い、2通りの方法で皮膚含水率の変動特性と分布性状を測定した。高湿度(約80%rh)・低湿度(約10%rh)・高湿度(約80%rh)というステップ変化に皮膚を曝露して、その間の皮膚含水率を肌水分計により連続的に測定した結果、高湿度・低湿度時の皮膚含水率に差があること、高湿度・低湿度への30分間程度の曝露の影響は5分〜10分で消えることを、複数の被験者に対する実験を通して明らかにした。次に、高湿度(約90%rh)・低湿度(約10%rh)を3周期繰り返すという一連のステップ変化に皮膚を曝露して、湿度変化の直後に皮膚の深さ方向の含水率分布を共焦点ラマン分光装置により測定した結果、湿度変化の影響が皮膚表面から伝播するという含水率の分布形が得られた。得られた分布形から、深さ方向に皮膚含水率が高くなること、皮膚表面から30μmよりも深い領域で皮膚含水率がほぼ一定となること、湿度変化の影響範囲が今回行った30分周期のステップ変化に対しては皮膚表面から10〜16μmよりも浅い領域であることを明らかにした。
人間-生活環境系学会, 2014年11月, 人間と生活環境, 21 (2), 67 - 74, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
本研究では、着衣と皮膚の間に存在する空気層厚さの分布を、3次元レーザースキャナによる人体および着衣の表面座標測定に基づいて決定する方法を提案した。この方法により、シャツを着用した青年男子の場合について、着衣内空気層厚さの鉛直分布特性を定量的に把握した。着用の仕方、被験者の体格、着用するシャツの種類による差異は存在するものの、空気層厚さがウエストで大きく、胸から肩にかけてほぼ0に近づくという傾向が各ケースに共通して見られることを量的に示した。また、20歳代の男性の平均的体格をもつ立位のマネキンを用いて、スーツ着衣条件の場合の空気層厚さ分布を測定した。この方法を用いることにより、clo値のような全身の包括的な表現ではなく、部位の特性を考慮して、着衣内空気層における熱水分移動をモデル化する方法論を提案した。
人間-生活環境系学会, 2014年05月, 人間と生活環境, 21 (1), 1 - 7, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Based on the measurement of the moisture content in the stratum corneum, the transient model of the moisture transfer in skin was proposed with using the simultaneous heat and moisture transfer equations for hygroscopic range. For the modeling, the simultaneous heat and moisture transfer equation for the hygroscopic range was adapted for the stratum comeum with the thickness of 30μm, considering the contact with the ambient air, and the skin moisture content at the depth of 30(.mi given as saturated. As the results, the distribution of moisture content calculated by using the proposed analytical model agreed with the measured results, by taking into account the dependence of the moisture conductivity on the moisture content. It was suggested that the proposed model could explain the transient response of skin surface moisture distribution to the change in indoor humidity.
Architectural Institute of Japan, 2014年, 日本建築学会環境系論文集, 79 (697), 233 - 239, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The goal of this study is to propose a new model for predicting thermal sensation in the non-steady state based on skin temperature and its time differential. A multiple regression equation for the prediction of the transient thermal sensation as a function of mean skin temperature and its time differential is determined based on the data obtained in subject experiments involving various non-steady state patterns during sedentary conditions. The results indicate a high correlation and a trend in good agreement between the predicted and experimental thermal sensations in a non-steady state, and showed that the proposed equation can predict transient whole-body thermal sensation with high precision. In addition, experiments incorporating processes with changes in metabolic rate (walking) were conducted on the subjects, and the applicability of the proposed equation, which was based on the data for sedentary conditions, to the conditions involving such a change in metabolic rate was studied. When the skin temperatures of all the body segments increase or decrease simultaneously, the predicted thermal sensation agrees well with the experimental results, allowing for the use of the proposed equation, while the application of the equation is more difficult for the cases in which skin temperature increases and decreases coexist over the segments of the body. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2013年10月, BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT, 68, 123 - 133, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Occupants of low-humidity environments often complain of a sensation of dryness. According to the results of a questionnaire administered to 1000 Japanese office workers, 70% of that population experiences dryness during dry seasons. It is therefore important to clarify the environmental conditions that cause discomfort due to dryness and control the indoor environmental conditions to avoid such discomfort. For the purpose, this study aims at creating a numerical model to predict the sensation of dryness under certain environmental conditions. Since one of the causes of dryness would be the high evaporation rates from the body part where dryness is perceived, the modeling of moisture evaporation from the surface of skin, eyes, and airway was studied in this article, using the thermal model of human body. At the same time, the evaporation rates from the skin surface, eyes, and airway of a human were calculated for various air temperatures and humidity levels. It was shown quantitatively from the calculated results that the air temperature as well as the vapor pressure influences the evaporation rate because the air temperature thermally influences the temperature of the surface where evaporation occurs (skin, eyes, and throat).
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2013年04月, JOURNAL OF BUILDING PHYSICS, 36 (4), 422 - 437, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
For establishing the basis of clarifying the conditions to create indoor thermal environment without discomfort due to sensation of dryness in winter (dry season), several kinds of questionnaire surveys were conducted. The questionnaire survey to great mass of office workers and students revealed that more than half of them experienced discomfort due to dryness in indoor spaces and that they sensed dryness most in the throat, followed by the lip, eyes, and face. At the same time, based on the surveys for occupants during sedentary work, the relationship between the sensation of dryness and the thermal environmental conditions such as air temperature, humidity, and wind velocity was studied. The results showed that the sensation of dryness could be caused more intensively when the air temperature or the wind velocity is higher or the humidity is low. This might correspond with the physical mechanism of moisture evaporation from skin or mucous membrane, and suggest the alternatives of indoor thermal environmental control in winter other than humidification.
Architectural Institute of Japan, 2013年, 日本建築学会環境系論文集, 78 (693), 835 - 840, 日本語[査読有り]
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In this paper, according to the approach built on previous paper(No.645,pp.1203-1209,2009.11), the relationship of air supply rate between the bulletin requirements in normal temperature and the conventional calculating method based on the condition in fire is constructed. The calculation procedure of air supply rate based on the ventilation calculation in normal temperature to satisfy the bulletin requirement is shown. Then the relationship in general of leakage by the position of air release opening is considered, the appropriate design for the height on floor of the air release opening and the calculation procedure of additional air supply rate to block smoke in fire are shown.
2012年03月, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 77 (673), 115 - 120, 日本語[査読有り]
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For a healthy and productive life, good sleep is essential, which has prompted studies on how comfortable sleep can be achieved. Understanding the relationship between thermal environment and physiological responses such as skin and core temperatures, and psychological responses such as thermal and sleep sensations is necessary to identify the most suitable thermal environment for sleep. As an energy-saving and practical method of creating the most appropriate thermal environment for sleep, local heating or cooling is sometimes used, which takes into consideration the differences in local thermal responses. We performed this study to identify the most effective thermal environment for inducing comfortable sleep by identifying the physiological responses during sleep on the basis of sleep experiments conducted under local body heating or cooling conditions. We also used a human thermal model, which can be applied for predicting physiological responses.In the experiments, the feet of the subject were the primary area to be heated or cooled, which was achieved by installing a flexible duct with an outlet placed close to the subject's feet and inlet connected to an air conditioner. Differences in the fluctuation of body temperature and sleep stage depended on the airflow direction from the duct to the feet. When air was blown downward towards the feet, body temperature decreased and the subject was able to sleep well. Measured skin and core temperatures were calculated using an improved 27-node human thermal model that was originally developed for use in subjects who are not in sleep. Although skin temperature fluctuated significantly under local cooling, the results calculated using the proposed model agreed well with the measured results since the changes in heat conductance between the skin surface and surrounding environment as a result of the changes in the posture and feet position were taken into account. This result indicates that posture-associated changes in the heat conductance significantly influence skin temperature.
Higher Education Press Limited Company, 2012年03月01日, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 1 (1), 51 - 57, 英語[査読有り]
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The validity of the two-node model for predicting the skin temperature in the thermal steady state is studied by comparing the calculated and experimental results for various thermal conditions For the experimental results of steady-state skin temperature in addition to the authors original experimental data literature data for mean skin temperature are collected incorporating 56 conditions and 233 subjects in total The results show that the two-node model (the 1986 edition) that is widely used for calculating SET predicts effectively the steady-state skin temperature in the low-activity conditions Additionally the changes that were made to the two-node model by Gagge et al and ASHRAE are summarized It is shown theoretically and by experimental validations that of these changes the addition of the shivering model represents the most significant improvement in terms of predicting the skin temperature in the steady state (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2011年03月, BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT, 46 (3), 597 - 604, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
This study develops a model to predict the thermophysiological response of the human body during shower bathing. Despite the needs for the quantitative evaluation of human body response during bathing for thermal comfort and safety, the complicated mechanisms of heat transfer at the skin surface, especially during shower bathing, have disturbed the development of adequate models. In this study, an initial modeling approach is proposed by developing a simple heat transfer model at the skin surface during shower bathing applied to Stolwijk's human thermal model. The main feature of the model is the division of the skin surface into three parts: a dry part, a wet part without water flow, and a wet part with water flow. The area ratio of each part is decided by a simple formula developed from a geometrical approach based on the shape of the Stolwijk's human thermal model. At the same time, the convective heat transfer coefficient between the skin and the flowing water is determined experimentally. The proposed model is validated by a comparison with the results of human subject experiments under controlled and free shower conditions. The model predicts the mean skin temperature during shower fairly well both for controlled and free shower bathing styles.
SPRINGER, 2010年03月, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY, 54 (2), 165 - 178, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
For the prevention of the stack effect in high-rise buildings in winter, this paper studied a method to cool the shaft by natural ventilation through the opening between the shaft and out air. It was shown theoretically that the shaft is effectively cooled by putting the opening in the lower level of the shaft and thus the stack effect can be effectively prevented. By the calculation for a high-rise building based on the airflow network model and the steady heat balance analysis, it was shown quantitatively that the studied method is effective for general high-rise office buildings and that a careful survey is necessary before introducing this method for the following cases: 1)a case in which the down flow occur in the shaft influenced by the existence of another shaft, 2)a case in which there is no opening to the outside in the upper level of the shaft, 3)a case in which the humidity of the building is high.
2010年, 日本建築学会環境系論文集, 75 (658), 1051 - 1060, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The performance of Stolwijk's 25-node thermal model of the human body was evaluated for the prediction of the skin temperature of a sedentary person in a thermal-transient state. The skin temperature calculated by the original Stolwijk model was compared to experimental data obtained systematically from a large number of subjects exposed to stepwise changes in environmental conditions, including neutral (29.4 degrees C), low (19.5 degrees C), and high (38.9 degrees C) ambient temperatures. The results show that the original Stolwijk model accurately predicts both the absolute value and the tendency in the transient mean skin temperature. This suggests that the Stolwijk model is valid for the prediction of the transient mean skin temperature for the "average" person under low-activity conditions. Discrepancies are observed in the local skin temperature for some segments. However, these discrepancies can be significantly reduced through modification of the basal skin blood flow distributions and the distributions of vasoconstriction and workload in the model. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2009年09月, BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT, 44 (9), 1777 - 1787, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
着衣、寝具等に使われる布内で汗が高濃度の塩溶液となった場合、布に含まれる水分に平衡する蒸気圧が降下するとともに、布内での水分の移動が遅くなる。このとき、布における水分の蒸発過程は純水の場合とは異なる。前報では、塩が布の熱水分移動におよぼすこのような影響を定量化するため、塩の影響を考慮した布における熱・水分移動モデル(熱・水分・塩の同時移動モデル)を提案し、その精度を検証した。本報では、着衣(布)の温湿度に与える塩の影響を、数値解析により検討する。まず、汗の吸収・蒸発過程を繰り返した後に飽和に達した塩溶液を含んだ着衣の蒸発過程を、着衣が純水を含む場合と比較し、塩が着衣の温湿度に与える影響の程度を示す。次に、着衣における汗の吸収・蒸発の繰り返しの過程で塩が着衣内でどのように移動・蓄積するかを検討する。
公益社団法人 空気調和・衛生工学会, 2009年05月, 空気調和・衛生工学会論文集, Vol. 146, pp.35-43 (146), 35 - 43, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
To develop a thermal model that can predict the thermal responses of the human body under given environmental conditions, it is necessary for the model to be fitted with the individual characteristics of human body temperature regulation. As the basis for this, in this paper, it is shown that the coefficients that represent the thermoregulatory responses in the two-node model (thermal model of human body) can be identified for individuals. Six coefficients related to the regulation of sweating and skin blood flow in the two-node model are tuned for the individuals involved in the experiments-the core and skin temperatures calculated by the model are fitted with the measured results for the entire thermal transient processes, including exposures to heat and cold. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2009年03月, BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT, 44 (3), 463 - 470, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
In order to develop a thermal model of human body during sleep, this study examined how an existing thermal model of human body for arousal state could be applied to sleeping conditions. The measured results of local skin and core temperatures in sleep experiments were used for a validation purpose. It was shown that Stolwijk model for arousal conditions could explain the experimental results during sleep reasonably well by subdividing human body into nodes to consider the heat and moisture transfer in the clothes and the bedding and adjusting the physical and physiological parameters.
2009年02月, 日本建築学会環境系論文集, 74 (636), 141 - 149, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
This study examined the pressurization smoke control method in the congregated vertical shaft in case of an underground fire. The pressurization smoke control can secure a refuge route by preventing an invasion of smoke to lobby. The congregated vertical shaft exhaust system is a method to shut smoke out of a room. However, it can happen that smoke exhausted from a lower floor leaks from an exhaust opening of an upper floor congregated vertical shaft. Therefore, in this study, for the purpose of grasping the behavior of the leakage of smoke in congregated vertical shaft with pressurization smoke control system, an equation to determine the rate of smoke leakage from the dimension of the building and the behavior of the fire is shown theoretically. Furthermore, a simple method for the design of the shaft setup height and the shaft cross-section area is proposed from the viewpoint of prevention of smoke leakage.
Architectural Institute of Japan, 2009年, 日本建築学会環境系論文集, 74 (645), 1195 - 1202, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The purpose of this paper is the establishment of the method to confirm at the normal temperature that the pressurization smoke control system is able to block off smoke in case of the fire. A theory is constructed to determine the opening condition of smoke insulation door at the normal temperature which realizes the air flow rate equivalent to that in case of the fire. Although the opening information in the actual building usually does not agree with that in the planning, it is necessary to know the opening information in the actual building. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a procedure to know the opening information by two measurements at normal temperature., and the same time, to judge whether the system is able to block off smoke in case of fire. Moreover the simplified method is proposed for evaluating the performance to block offsmoke only from the measurement ofone case where the door is fully opened door at the normal temperature. As shown in the example, it would be possible to judge the appropriateness of pressurization smoke control system based on the result ofthe measurement at the normal temperature.
Architectural Institute of Japan, 2009年, 日本建築学会環境系論文集, 74 (645), 1203 - 1209, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
着衣、寝具等に使われる布内で汗が高濃度の塩溶液となった場合、布に含まれる水分に平衡する蒸気圧は降下し、布における水分の移動と蒸発過程は純水の場合とは異なる。前報では、純水および塩溶液が布に浸透する速度を測定し、それらが大きく異なることを示した。本報では、塩の影響を考慮した布における熱・水分移動モデル(熱・水分・塩の同時移動モデル)を提案し、前報の実験に対応する数値解析を行う。
公益社団法人 空気調和・衛生工学会, 2008年02月, 空気調和・衛生工学会論文集, No.131,pp.1-10 (131), 1 - 9, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
In order to design an efficient air-conditioning system, the specifics of the transient thermal and physiological responses of a human body to the hygrothermal environment should be taken into account. This response will strongly depend on the behavior of heat and moisture transport, and moisture accumulation in the clothing, especially when sweat exists in and around the clothing. As a basic information on this problem, a model of the moisture transfer in cloth is necessary. In this article, a model of the liquid moisture movement in clothing under gravity is developed and applied, based on a diffusion model. Firstly, the moisture diffusivity is determined from the investigation of the moisture absorption process in the horizontal direction where gravity has no influence on the moisture movement. Secondly with the use of the moisture diffusivity thus determined, a moisture absorption process in the upward direction against gravity is investigated. The validity of the parameter related to the gravity effect is examined by comparing the results of numerical calculations with the experimental results obtained from the gamma-ray method. Since the two agree generally well, the parameters namely liquid moisture diffusivity and sorption isotherm derived here for a sample of broadcloth are considered reliable.
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2007年10月, JOURNAL OF BUILDING PHYSICS, 31 (2), 125 - 142, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
温熱環境に対する人体の生理応答にとって発汗は重要である。発汗の体温への影響に関しては、汗を純水とみなした定性的、定量的検討が行われているが、汗は低濃度の塩を含む溶液である。従って、発汗・蒸発過程の繰り返しにより着衣、寝具等へ汗の成分が蓄積する場合には、汗を塩溶液として扱った検討が必要であると考えられる。本報では、その第一段階として、塩の存在により布内での水分の移動性状が異なることを示すため、純水および塩溶液が布に浸透する速度を数種の条件下で測定する。また、塩の影響を考慮した布の平衡含水率曲線の近似式を作成し、それを用いて塩が浸透実験の結果に及ぼす影響について考察する。
公益社団法人 空気調和・衛生工学会, 2007年02月, 空気調和・衛生工学会論文集, No.119,pp.17-22 (119), 17 - 22, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The aim of this paper was to predict the durability of concrete walls. Because liquid movement is important in discussing the neutralization process, the vertical distribution of the permeability in a concrete wall was measured. In a 20 cm high sample, the permeability clearly showed a nonuniform vertical distribution. Next, an analytical model was proposed to predict the neutralization process taking into account the influence of acid rain. Based on this model, the simulation was carried out with permeability as a parameter. The results showed that neutralization was accelerated due to acid rain in regions with a high permeability and retarded in regions with a low permeability. Thus, it can be concluded that the influence of acid rain on the neutralization process may differ depending on the position in the concrete structure. Copyright © 2007 by ASTM International.
2007年01月, Journal of ASTM International, 4 (1), 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The aim of this paper was to predict the durability of concrete walls. Because liquid movement is important in discussing the neutralization process, the vertical distribution of the permeability in a concrete wall was measured. In a 20 cm high sample, the permeability clearly showed a nonuniform vertical distribution. Next, an analytical model was proposed to predict the neutralization process taking into account the influence of acid rain. Based on this model, the simulation was carried out with permeability as a parameter. The results showed that neutralization was accelerated due to acid rain in regions with a high permeability and retarded in regions with a low permeability. Thus, it can be concluded that the influence of acid rain on the neutralization process may differ depending on the position in the concrete structure.
AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS, 2007年, HEAT-AIR-MOISTURE TRANSPORT: MEASUREMENTS ON BUILDING MATERIALS, 1495, 101 - 111, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
This paper proposes the methodology to quantify the individual difference in temperature regulation of human body for transient simulation of body temperature. Experiments of transient thermal exposure were conducted for four subjects and the characteristics of individual difference in themoregulatory response were observed quantitatively. As the result, the differences in core temperature and heart rate were significant. For each subject, the physiological coefficients used in the two-node model were adjusted in order to minimize the difference between experimental and calculated values in a series of a representative transient state in core and skin temperature. With the combination of the coefficients determined, the skin and core temperatures calculated with the two-node model agreed well with the experimental results for all the subjects involved in the experiments. This shows that the individual difference in the regulation of body temperature is well described with the combination of the coefficients determined by the optimization.
TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS, 2007年, BUILDING SIMULATION 2007, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS, pp.725-731, 725 - +, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
It is generally believed that the rate of neutralization becomes slower when a concrete wall is exposed to rain because CO2 diffusion into concrete is suppressed. However, rain is usually acid. In this situation, neutralization may proceed faster. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of acid rain on the neutralization process in a concrete wall. An experiment was carried out where neutralization took place by absorption of an acid solution. Next, an analytical model was proposed to predict the neutralization process coupled with heat and moisture transfer, particularly emphasizing liquid movement. The proposed analytical model was validated by a comparison with the experimental results. As a result of simulations using the proposed model, it was found that neutralization is accelerated by acid rain when rain penetrates and evaporates rapidly.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2006年, RESEARCH IN BUILDING PHYSICS AND BUILDING ENGINEERING, pp. 209-216, 209 - 216, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
An air control system providing an indoor thermal environment for comfortable sleep is proposed. This system predicts an index for thermal sensation while sleeping. It can feed back the calculated results to reset the target temperature of an air conditioner. In the present study, sleep experiments were carried out during both summer and winter seasons using a young subject by tentatively assuming a comfortable zone of thermal sensation during sleep under this system. The target temperature was well controlled in conjunction with the predicted value of the thermal sensation index, which converged into the comfortable zone with time. A stable time profile of the predicted values for thermal sensation is closely related to no awakening while sleeping and thus a comfortable sleep. Therefore, the proposed air control system that predicts the thermal sensation index could be effective in creating a comfortable indoor climate for sleep.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2006年, Research in Building Physics and Building Engineering, pp. 775-781, 775 - 781, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
In order to evaluate influences of rain on carbonation process of concrete structure, an analytical model was proposed for predicting carbonation process coupled with heat and moisture transfer, particularly liquid movement. The accelerated carbonation experiment under the isothermal condition in a literature was simulated by using the proposed model, in which the coefficients of moisture transfer and CO_2 diffusion were estimated by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results. By using the coefficients corresponding to the water cement ratio and the curing condition, this model can predict carbonation progress well. The simulation results also showed that the liquid transfer significantly influenced the carbonation process even under the rainless condition such as evaporating process after placing.
日本建築学会, 2005年09月, 日本建築学会構造系論文集, 第595号, pp.17-23 (595), 17 - 23, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
[査読有り]
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[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
これまでにさまざまなタイプの人体熱モデルが提案されてきている.本稿では,各モデルの特徴を概観する.人体形状のモデル化,血流による伝熱のモデル化の手法などに相違点があるが,人体各部を複数の節点で離散的に表現しその各々について熱収支式を構成している点,血流・発汗・ふるえによる調節反応の式を皮膚温と深部温の関数で表現している点,その際,皮膚温・深部温の基準値を決めて調節量を表現している点において,共通の考え方が用いられている.人体熱モデルによる計算例,それに対応した被験者実験の結果を示し,体温調節反応の予測に用いていくための問題点について考察し,今後の課題を展望する.
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
This study was carried out in order to construct a model to predict thermal sensation in thermal transients, by examining the relation between thermal sensation vote and physiological data related to thermoreception obtained by subject experiments. A regression model consisting of five variables, mean skin temperature and its time derivative, temperature of tympanum and its time derivative, and heat flux at'skin surface, was used to describe thermal sensation vote in thermal transients. When four different sets of regression coefficients were given in accordance with the heat flux at skin surface, which was considered to represent degree of thermal transients, the time series of calculated thermal sensation agreed with the thermal sensation vote. It was thus shown that thermal sensation in thermal transients could be predicted by the model proposed in this paper.
日本建築学会, 2003年01月, 日本建築学会計画系論文集, 第563号, pp.9-15 (563), 9 - 15, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
This paper investigates the indoor thermal environment, and determines existing problems in energy efficiency and comfort with an emphasis on the importance of the position of small openings, taking into account the resident’s lifestyle. Measurements were performed in a well-insulated and airtight house in Japan. The distribution of velocity and temperature at the center-plane of the living room, wall surface temperature and the temperature across the five undercut doors were measured under the condition that all interior doors and exterior doors were closed. The measured results agreed well with the predicted results by CFD analysis. Further, by these CFD simulations, it can be seen that there has been significant improvement in the indoor thermal environment after adjusting the small openings to the optimal position. Next, the open and closed status of interior doors in winter and summer was estimated based on the measured room temperatures over a long period. The results show that interior doors are usually closed in winter and during the summer period when the air-conditioning system is in operation, while they are open when the air conditioning system is not in use. Generally speaking, it is more effective for installing uppercut doors to improve the indoor thermal conditions both in summer and winter than undercut doors, and thus the effect is strongly influenced by the resident’s lifestyle. © 2002, Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.
2002年, Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 1 (2), 79 - 86, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
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シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル(指名)
口頭発表(一般)
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シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル(指名)
口頭発表(一般)
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日本医療福祉設備協会
2017年10月 - 現在日本生気象学会
1999年07月 - 現在人間-生活環境系学会
1999年05月 - 現在日本熱物性学会
1998年09月 - 現在空気調和・衛生工学会
1998年06月 - 現在日本建築学会
1994年04月 - 現在競争的資金
競争的資金
競争的資金
競争的資金
競争的資金