乾 秀之 | ![]() |
イヌイ ヒデユキ | |
バイオシグナル総合研究センター | |
准教授 | |
農学関係 |
2021年03月 日本農薬学会, 令和3年度日本農薬学会論文賞, 高温はメジャーラテックスライクプロテインの変化した遺伝子発現レベルを通してペポカボチャによる脂溶性有機汚染物質の取り込みを促進する
2019年11月 日本農薬学会農薬環境科学研究会, 第37回農薬環境科学研究会, 汚染物質輸送因子の遺伝子発現と結合活性制御によるウリ科作物における作物汚染の低減化
2019年03月 日本農薬学会, 学生優秀発表賞, 汚染物質輸送因子の結合活性制御に着目したウリ科作物の汚染低減化
2017年08月 The 14th International Symposium on Persistent Toxic Substances, Student Poster Award, ossible metabolic fates of polychlorinated biphenyls by soil bacterium under complex pollution and its structural basis
2017年03月 村尾育英会, 第34回村尾育英会学術賞, ウリ科植物のユニークな汚染物質蓄積機構
2016年10月 The 9th International PCB Workshop, Outstanding Student Research Award, Metabolic fates of CB118 by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from soil bacterium under complex pollution and its structural basis
2016年10月 The 9th International PCB Workshop, Outstanding Student Research Award, Congener-specific uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls by transporting factors in Cucurbita pepo
2016年07月 The 13th International Symposium on Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Honorable mention in the student presentation competition, Structural basis of CB118 metabolism by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Bacillus megaterium with decoy molecules
2016年06月 環境化学会, 第25回環境化学討論会優秀学生賞, デコイ分子を用いたBacillus megaterium由来シトクロムP450モノオキシゲナーゼによるCB118の代謝とその構造基盤
2015年09月 植物の栄養研究会, 第1回植物の栄養研究会ポスター賞, ウリ科植物による脂溶性汚染物質の取り込み・蓄積メカニズム
2014年11月 International Conference of Asian Environmental Chemistry 2014, Outstanding Student Research Award, Structural basis of metabolism of 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (CB118) by mammalian cytochrome P450 monooxygenases
2014年11月 International Conference of Asian Environmental Chemistry 2014, Outstanding Student Research Award, Function and dynamic of transporting factors for persistent organic pollutants in Cucurbita pepo
2013年07月 環境化学会, 第22回環境化学討論会優秀学生賞, ラットおよびヒト由来シトクロムP450モノオキシゲナーゼによるCB118の代謝と3次元構造の比較
2011年07月 環境化学会, 第20回環境化学討論会優秀学生賞, ットおよびヒトCYP1A1によるポリ塩化ビフェニルの代謝と3次元構造の比較
2011年03月 ナス科・ウリ科ゲノム合同国際シンポジウム, ナス科・ウリ科ゲノム合同国際シンポジウム優秀ポスター発表賞, Promotion of tuberization by overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana LOV KELCH REPEAT PROTEIN 2 in potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. May Queen)
2011年02月 日本農芸化学会関西支部, 日本農芸化学会関西支部第468回講演会若手優秀発表賞, ウリ科植物における脂溶性汚染物質の体内移行に係わる因子
2009年10月 積水化学, 「積水化学 自然に学ぶものづくり」研究助成プログラム奨励賞, ウリ科植物の高脂溶性化合物蓄積メカニズムに学ぶ脂溶性化合物可溶化物質の開発
2009年06月 第18回環境化学討論会, ナイスプレゼンテーション賞, ウリ科植物ズッキーニにおける残留性有機汚染物質の吸収経路の解明
国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2009年06月 環境化学会, 第18回環境化学討論会ナイスプレゼンテーション賞, ウリ科植物ズッキーニにおける残留性有機汚染物質の吸収経路の解明
2007年03月 日本生態学会, 第54回日本生態学会大会ポスター賞, 水生植物ヒルムシロ属における高温ストレス順応性の比較
2006年03月 日本生態学会, 第53回日本生態学会大会ポスター賞, マイクロアレイによる水生植物ヒルムシロ属の高温ストレス応答の解析
2001年03月 日本農薬学会, 平成13年度日本農薬学会 奨励賞, 薬物代謝酵素導入植物の作出とその残留農薬低減効果
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have atropisomers that have different axial chiralities and exist as racemic mixtures. However, biochemical processes often result in the unequal accumulation of these atropisomers in organisms. This phenomenon leads to enantiospecific toxicity enhancement or reduction because either of the atropisomers mainly affects toxicity expression. Enantioselective accumulation is caused by cytochrome P450 (CYP, P450) monooxygenases, especially the CYP2B subfamilies. Therefore, this study investigates the metabolism of a chiral PCB in vitro. Both atropisomers isolated from racemic 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl (CB183) were metabolized by human CYP2B6, but not rat CYP2B1. This may be due to the difference in the size of the substrate-binding cavities of CYP2B6 and CYP2B1. The stable accommodation of (-)-CB183 in the cavity without any steric hindrance explained the preferential metabolism of (-)-CB183 compared to (+)-CB183. Two hydroxylated metabolites, 3'-OH-CB183 and 5-OH-CB183, were identified. The docking study showed that the 3'-position of the trichlorophenyl ring closely approaches the heme of CYP2B6. To our knowledge, this is the first study to elucidate the structural basis of chiral PCB metabolism by P450 isozymes. These results will help promote the precise toxicity evaluation of chiral PCBs and provide an explanation of the structural basis of chiral PCB metabolism.
2022年09月06日, Chemosphere, 308, 136349 - 136349, 英語, 国際誌研究論文(学術雑誌)
Although polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were commercially banned half a century ago, contamination of the environment and organisms by PCBs is still observed. PCBs show high persistence and bioaccumulation, resulting in toxicity. Among PCBs, chiral PCBs with more than three chlorine atoms at the ortho-position exhibit developmental and neurodevelopmental toxicity. Because toxicity is dependent on the atropisomer, atropisomer-specific metabolism is vital in determining toxicity. However, structural information on enantioselective metabolism remains elusive. Cytochrome P450 (CYP, P450) monooxygenases, particularly human CYP2B6 and rat CYP2B1, metabolize separated atropisomers of 2,2',3,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB45) and 2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (CB91) to dechlorinated and hydroxylated metabolites. Docking studies using human CYP2B6 predict 4'-hydroxy (OH)-CB45 from (aR)-CB45 as a major metabolite of CB45. Di-OH- and dechlorinated OH-metabolites from human CYP2B6 and rat CYP2B1 are also detected. Several hydroxylated metabolites are derived from CB91 by both P450s; 5-OH-CB91 is predicted as a major metabolite. CB91 dechlorination is also detected by identifying 3-OH-CB51. A stable conformation of PCBs in the substrate-binding cavity and close distance to P450 heme are responsible for high metabolizing activities. As hydroxylation and dechlorination change PCB toxicity, this approach helps understand the possible toxicity of chiral PCBs in mammals.
2022年07月07日, Environmental Science & Technology, 英語, 国際誌研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases play critical roles in determining the toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in mammals. Hydroxylation of PCBs by these enzymes leads to increased water solubility, promoting the elimination of PCBs from the body. The CYP1 family is mainly responsible for metabolizing PCBs that exhibit a dioxin-like toxicity. Although the dioxin-like PCB 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB77) is abundant in the environment and accumulates in organisms, information on CB77 metabolism by CYP1A1s is limited. In this study, recombinant rat CYP1A1 metabolized CB77 to 4'-hydroxy (OH)-3,3',4,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB79) and 4'-OH-3,3',4-trichlorobiphenyl (CB35), whereas human CYP1A1 produced only 4'-OH-CB79. Rat CYP1A1 exhibited much higher metabolizing activity than human CYP1A1 because CB77 was stably accommodated in the substrate-binding cavity of rat CYP1A1 and was close to its heme. In a rat CYP1A1 mutant with two human-type amino acids, the production of 4'-OH-CB79 decreased, whereas that of the dechlorinated metabolite 4'-OH-CB35 increased. These results are explained by a shift in the CB77 positions toward the heme. This study provides insight into the development of enzymes with high metabolizing activity and clarifies the structural basis of PCB metabolism, as dechlorination contributes to a drastic decrease in dioxin-like toxicity.
2022年05月11日, The Science of the total environment, 837, 155848 - 155848, 英語, 国際誌研究論文(学術雑誌)
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MAIN CONCLUSION: MLP-PG1, identified in Cucurbita pepo, plays a crucial role in resistance against fungal pathogens through the induction of pathogenesis-related genes. ASTRACT: MLP-PG1, a major latex-like protein (MLP) from zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), was identified as a transporting factor for hydrophobic organic pollutants. MLPs are members of the Bet v 1 family, similar to pathogenesis-related class 10 proteins (PR-10s). However, the biological functions of MLPs remain unclear. Herein, we show that MLP-PG1 induces the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and indirectly promotes resistance against pathogens. The activity of the MLP-PG1 promoter in leaves of transgenic tobacco plants was significantly enhanced by inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. However, MLP-PG1 did not induce direct resistance through RNase activity. Therefore, we examined the possibility that MLP-PG1 is indirectly involved in resistance; indeed, we found that MLP-PG1 induced the expression of defense-related genes. Overexpression of MLP-PG1 highly upregulated PR-2 and PR-5 and decreased the area of lesions caused by Botrytis cinerea in the leaves of transgenic tobacco plants. Our results demonstrate that MLP-PG1 is involved in indirect resistance against plant diseases, especially caused by fungal pathogens, through the induction of PR genes. This study is the first report to show the induction of PR genes by the expression of MLP from the RNA sequencing analysis and the involvement of MLP-PG1 in the resistance.
2021年11月30日, Planta, 255 (1), 10 - 10, 英語, 国際誌研究論文(学術雑誌)
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
T-DNA integration into plant chromosomal DNA via Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be achieved by exploiting the double-strand break repair system of the host's DNA. However, the detailed mechanism of T-DNA integration remains unclear. Here, a sequence analysis of the junction sequences of T-DNA and chromosomal DNA was performed to assess the mechanism of T-DNA integration. T-DNA was introduced into Arabidopsis wild-type and NHEJ-deficient ku80 mutant plants using the floral dip method; the junctions of the left border (LB) of T-DNA were subsequently analyzed by adapter PCR. The most frequent junction of the LB of T-DNA with chromosomal DNA was of the filler DNA type in both lines. The lengths of direct or inverted repeat sequences within or around the filler DNA sequence were greater in the ku80 mutant. In addition, the frequency of T-DNA integration near a transcription start site was significantly higher in the ku80 mutant. Our observations suggest that the presence of the Ku80 protein affects the location of the integration of T-DNA and the pattern of formation of repeat sequences within or around the filler DNA during LB integration into chromosomal DNA.
2020年, Genes and Genetic Systems, 95 (4), 1 - 10, 英語, 国内誌[査読有り]
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We investigated the capability of microorganisms isolated from environments polluted with perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) to conduct biotransformation of these emerging pollutants. Two different microbial consortia (chemoorganoheterotrophic bacteria and total yeast and molds) were isolated from two river sediments in Saitama and Osaka, Japan, known for long term pollution with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The microbial consortia were incubated in the presence of added PFOS and PFOA, and decreases in concentrations of these compounds were between 46–69% and 16–36%, respectively. Decreases in concentrations were, in part, due to sorption on biomass, but defluorinated PFOS and PFOA products were not detected. However, untargeted analysis suggested the presence of several metabolites found only in samples from consortia with PFOS and PFOA but not in the control samples. Molecular formula candidates were narrowed down to two options, C18H28O5F and C21H27O4. It was assumed that these formulas were associated with unsaturated monofluorinated fatty acids and hydrocarbons with multiple unsaturated bonds or ring structures.
Elsevier B.V., 2018年09月15日, Science of the Total Environment, 636, 355 - 359, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We developed capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with indirect UV detection for the determination of fluoride (F−) in seawater using transient isotachophoresis (tITP) as an on-line concentration procedure. A method of correcting sample salinity effects was also proposed so that F− concentrations were obtained using a calibration graph. The proposed method is simple: it requires no sample pretreatment aside from dilution. The following optimum conditions were established: background electrolyte (BGE), 5 mM 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC) adjusted to pH 3.5 containing 0.03% m/v hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) detection wavelength, 200 nm vacuum (50 kPa) injection period of sample, 5 s (254 nL) and applied voltage, 23 kV with the sample inlet side as the cathode. The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) for F− reached 0.024 and 0.070 mg/L, respectively. The respective values of the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the peak area, peak height, and migration time for F− were 2.5, 3.4, and 0.30%. The proposed method was applied for the determination of F− in seawater samples collected from coastal waters of western Japan during August 26–28, 2014. Both results obtained using standard addition method and a calibration graph agreed with those obtained using a conventional spectrophotometric method.
Springer Verlag, 2018年02月01日, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 410 (6), 1825 - 1831, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (CB118) is one of the most abundant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in the environment, and perfluoroalkyl acids, including perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), are widely distributed in the environment. Although CB118 and perfluoroalkyl acids are present in all humans and biota, effects in the metabolic fate of CB118 leading to toxicity change are unclear. P450BM3, which is isolated from the soil bacterium Bacillus megaterium, metabolized CB118 to three different hydroxylated pentachlorobiphenyls (M1-M3). M2 was identified as 4'-OH-2,3',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl. These reactions were promoted by the presence of PFCAs, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFCA-C8) was the most effective for accelerating these reactions among PFCAs with different carbon chain length. The production rate of M2 was accelerated by 25-times using PFCA-C8. Furthermore, the docking models of P450BM3 with CB118 and PFCAs revealed that the conformational changes of the substrate-binding cavity of P450BM3 after binding of PFCAs to P450BM3 were important for selective production of CB118 metabolites. This study leads to the clarification of the different metabolic fates of PCBs under complex contamination with PFCAs.
2018年, Chemosphere, 210, 376 - 383, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Background: Cytochromes P450 are major drug-metabolizing enzymes involved in the biotransformation of diverse xenobiotics and endogenous chemicals. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic hydrophobic compounds that cause serious environmental problems because of their poor degradability. This calls for rational design of enzymes capable of catalyzing their biotransformation. Cytochrome P450 1A1 isoforms catalyze the biotransformation of some POPs, and constitute good starting points for the design of biocatalysts with tailored substrate specificity. Methods: We rationalized the activities of wild type and mutant forms of rat cytochrome P450 1A1 towards 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77) using experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Results: We showed that the enhanced activity of the CYP1A1 mutant towards TCDD was due to more efficient binding of the substrate in the active site even though the mutated site was over 2.5 nm away from the catalytic center. Moreover, this mutation reduced activity towards PCB77. General significance: Amino acids that affect substrate access channels can be viable targets for rational enzyme design even if they are located far from the catalytic site.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017年11月, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS, 1861 (11), 2852 - 2860, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) including perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) and perfluoroallcyl carboxylates (PFCAs) were analyzed in sediment samples taken from Ajifu Waterway in Osaka city, from Osaka Bay, and from Kagoshima Bay, as well as in fifteen seawater samples collected from Osaka Bay and coastal waters of Western Japan. In all sediment samples, only PFCAs were detected, and the highest concentration was determined in Ajifu Waterway, where Sigma PFAA was 58990 ng kg(-1) dry weight. The total concentrations of PFAAs in sea water samples ranged between the limit of quantification and 53.4 ng L-1, and perfluorohexanoic acid was the most prevalent and had the highest concentration of 37 ng L-1. The changes in the patterns and concentrations of PFAA5 in Osaka Bay and coastal waters of Western Japan indicate that the PFAAs in surface waters are influenced by sources from Keihanshin Metropolitan Area, mainly the Yodo River basin, and the dilution effect which naturally occurs during their transport to the Pacific Ocean. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2017年03月, CHEMOSPHERE, 170, 260 - 265, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) accumulate in mammals via the food chain because of their characteristics such as slow degradation and high hydrophobicity. One of the 209 PCB congeners, 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (CB118), is abundantly found in the environment and in mammals. Understanding the metabolic fate of CB118 can provide important information toward evaluating its toxicity. In vitro studies on the metabolism of CB118 by cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450 or CYP) revealed that human CYP2B6 and rat CYP2B1 primarily metabolized it to 3-hydroxy (OH)-CB118, whereas rat CYP1A1 metabolized CB118 to 4-hydroxy-2,3,3',4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (4-OH-CB107). Docking models of CYP2Bs with CB118 revealed a short distance between the 3-position of CB118 and the heme iron caused by polarization of the substrate-binding cavity, and maintenance of this pose through interaction with the peripheral amino acids determines the activity and position of hydroxylation. 4-Hydroxylation by rat CYP1A1 occurs owing to the longitudinal shape of the substrate-binding cavity toward the heme of CYP1A1. The metabolites 3-OH-CB118 and 4-OH-CB107 decreased potential for activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor compared with that of CB118, thereby leading to a decrease in dioxin-like toxicity; however, the neurodevelopmental toxicity of 4-OH-CB107 has been previously reported. The results suggest that these 3 P450 isoforms play an important role in determining the extent of CB118 toxicity. This study will contribute to understanding of the metabolic fates and toxicity of CB118 in vivo.
OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2016年08月, Toxicological Sciences, 152 (2), 340 - 348, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
A yeast gene expression system originally established for mammalian cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cDNAs was applied to functional analysis of a number of mammalian and plant P450 species, including 11 human P450 species (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4). The human P450 species CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C18 and CYP2C19 were identified as P450 species metabolising various agrochemicals and environmental chemicals. CYP2C9 and CYP2E1 specifically metabolised sulfonylurea herbicides and halogenated hydrocarbons respectively. Plant P450 species metabolising phenylurea and sulfonylurea herbicides were also identified mainly as the CYP71 family, although CYP76B1, CYP81B1 and CYP81B2 metabolised phenylurea herbicides. The transgenic plants expressing these mammalian and plant P450 species were applied to herbicide tolerance as well as phytoremediation of agrochemical and environmental chemical residues. The combined use of CYP1A1, CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 belonging to two families and three subfamilies covered a wide variety of herbicide tolerance and phytoremediation of these residues. The use of 2,4-D-and bromoxynil-induced CYP71AH11 in tobacco seemed to enhance herbicide tolerance and selectivity. (c) 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015年06月, PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, 71 (6), 824 - 828, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Some cultivars of cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and zucchini, which are members of the Cucurbitaceae family, are uniquely subject to contamination by hydrophobic pollutants such as the organohalogen insecticides DDT. However, the molecular mechanisms for the accumulation of these pollutants in cucurbits have not been determined. Here, cDNA subtraction analysis of Cucurbita pepo cultivars that are low and high accumulators of hydrophobic contaminants revealed that a gene for zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) are preferentially expressed in high accumulators. The cloned CpZFP genes were classified into 2 types: (1) the PEG type, which were expressed in C. pepo cultivars Patty Green, Black Beauty, and Gold Rush, and (2) the BG type, which were expressed in Black Beauty and Gold Rush. Expression of these CpZFP genes in transgenic tobacco plants carrying an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-based inducible gene expression system significantly induced E-glucuronidase activity when the plants were treated with a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compound, indicating that highly hydrophobic PCBs accumulated in the plants. In transgenic tobacco plants carrying CpZFPs, accumulation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds increased in their aerial parts when they were cultivated in the dioxin-contaminated soil. In summary, we propose that addition of CpZFP genes is a promising tool for conferring noncucurbits with the ability to accumulate hydrophobic contaminants. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2015年03月, CHEMOSPHERE, 123, 48 - 54, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
From previous reports, uptake and accumulation of organic compounds by plant roots are strongly related to water solubility. However, the relation between uptake pathways and water solubility remains unclear. Here, we used confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe the uptake of fluorescent hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds in the living roots of Cucurbita pepo. We found strong regulation of the uptake of berberine, a hydrophobic compound at the endodermal Casparian strip, as previously reported, and similar regulation was also observed in the pericycle. Berberine was loaded into and transported upward through the protoxylem. Perylene, a highly hydrophobic compound, in contrast, passed through the Casparian strip and accumulated preferentially in the endodermis and pericycle. The results of our solvent extraction suggested that perylene diffused into the non-aqueous phase. Therefore, the uptake pathways for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic compoundss are different. These results offer a new way to understand the uptake of agrochemicals and pollutants and to select host plants for phytoremediation. (c) Pesticide Science Society of Japan
PESTICIDE SCI SOC JAPAN, 2015年, JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE, 40 (3-4), 99 - 105, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contribute to dioxin toxicity in humans and wildlife after bioaccumulation through the food chain from the environment. The authors examined human and rat cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolism of PCDDs and PCBs. A number of human CYP isoforms belonging to the CYP1 and CYP2 families showed remarkable activities toward low-chlorinated PCDDs. In particular, human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 showed high activities toward monoCDDs, diCDDs, and triCDDs but no detectable activity toward 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetraCDD). Large amino acids located at putative substrate-recognition sites and the F-G loop in rat CYP1A1 contributed to the successful metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD. Rat, but not human, CYP1A1 metabolized 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (CB126) to two hydroxylated metabolites. These metabolites are probably less toxic than is CB126, due to their higher solubility. Homology models of human and rat CYP1A1s and CB126 docking studies indicated that two amino acid differences in the CB126-binding cavity were important for CB126 metabolism. In this review, the importance of CYPs in the metabolism of dioxins and PCBs in mammals and the species-based differences between humans and rats are described. In addition, the authors reveal the molecular mechanism behind the binding modes of dioxins and PCBs in the heme pocket of CYPs.
MDPI AG, 2014年08月, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 15 (8), 14044 - 14057, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Tobacco cytochrome P450 (CYP) 71AH11 metabolized the herbicide chlorotoluron, and its mRNA level was increased in tobacco culture cells by the treatment of 2,4-D. In order to clarify molecular mechanisms of induced gene expression of CYP71AH11 by herbicide treatment, a 1574-bp 5'-flanking region of CYP71AH11 was cloned, ligated to the reporter beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, and then transformed into tobacco plants. The GUS activity in the transgenic tobacco plants was highly induced by bromoxynil treatment, followed by 2,4-D. Chlorotoluron was slightly increased the GUS activity. The bromoxynil-increased GUS activity was partially repressed by the antioxidants, suggesting that reactive oxygen species may be involved in activation of the 5'-flanking region of CYP71AH11 by bromoxynil treatment. Deletion and mutation assays showed that the region CD (-1281 to -770 bp from the start codon of CYP71AH11) was important, but not sufficient, for response to bromoxynil. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and southwestern blotting revealed that the sequences AAAAAG, and GAACAAAC and GAAAATTC in the CD region were important for interaction to the nuclear proteins of <30 and approximate to 75 kDa, respectively. Particularly, interaction between AAAAAG and <30 kDa proteins was increased by bromoxynil treatment. These results gave a cue for understanding the bromoxynil-induced gene expression of CYP71AH11, which may contribute to herbicide tolerance and selectivity in crop plants. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2014年01月, PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 108, 49 - 57, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The solubilization of hydrophobic organic pollutants from soil is important for the phytoremediation of contaminated soil. In this study, we used perylene as a model pollutant to evaluate the abilities of 11 organic acids to solubilize hydrophobic compounds from soil. Oxalic acid and citric acid showed high solubilization abilities, and when added to soil, they enhanced perylene uptake into Cucurbita pepo, likely owing to the chelating ability of these acids. (C) Pesticide Science Society of Japan
PESTICIDE SCI SOC JAPAN, 2014年, JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE, 39 (3-4), 162 - 164, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Tobacco cytochrome P450 (CYP) 71AH11 metabolized the herbicide chlorotoluron, and its mRNA level was increased in tobacco culture cells by the treatment of 2,4-D. In order to clarify molecular mechanisms of induced gene expression of CYP71AH11 by herbicide treatment, a 1574-bp 5'-flanking region of CYP71AH11 was cloned, ligated to the reporter beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, and then transformed into tobacco plants. The GUS activity in the transgenic tobacco plants was highly induced by bromoxynil treatment, followed by 2,4-D. Chlorotoluron was slightly increased the GUS activity. The bromoxynil-increased GUS activity was partially repressed by the antioxidants, suggesting that reactive oxygen species may be involved in activation of the 5'-flanking region of CYP71AH11 by bromoxynil treatment. Deletion and mutation assays showed that the region CD (-1281 to -770 bp from the start codon of CYP71AH11) was important, but not sufficient, for response to bromoxynil. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and southwestern blotting revealed that the sequences AAAAAG, and GAACAAAC and GAAAATTC in the CD region were important for interaction to the nuclear proteins of <30 and approximate to 75 kDa, respectively. Particularly, interaction between AAAAAG and <30 kDa proteins was increased by bromoxynil treatment. These results gave a cue for understanding the bromoxynil-induced gene expression of CYP71AH11, which may contribute to herbicide tolerance and selectivity in crop plants. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2014年01月, PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 108, 49 - 57, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
This is the first report, to our knowledge, to reveal important factors by which members of the Cucurbitaceae family, such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), melon (Cucumis melo), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), squash (C. pepo), and zucchini (C. pepo), are selectively polluted with highly toxic hydrophobic contaminants, including organochlorine insecticides and dioxins. Xylem sap of C. pepo ssp. pepo, which is a high accumulator of hydrophobic compounds, solubilized the hydrophobic compound pyrene into the aqueous phase via some protein(s). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of xylem sap of two C. pepo subspecies revealed that the amount of 17-kD proteins in C. pepo ssp. pepo was larger than that in C. pepo ssp. ovifera, a low accumulator, suggesting that these proteins may be related to the translocation of hydrophobic compounds. The protein bands at 17 kD contained major latex-like proteins (MLPs), and the corresponding genes MLP-PG1, MLP-GR1, and MLP-GR3 were cloned from the C. pepo cultivars Patty Green and Gold Rush. Expression of the MLP-GR3 gene in C. pepo cultivars was positively correlated with the band intensity of 17-kD proteins and bioconcentration factors toward dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Recombinant MLP-GR3 bound polychlorinated biphenyls immobilized on magnetic beads, whereas recombinant MLP-PG1 and MLP-GR1 did not. These results indicate that the high expression of MLP-GR3 in C. pepo ssp. pepo plants and the existence of MLP-GR3 in their xylem sap are related to the efficient translocation of hydrophobic contaminants. These findings should be useful for decreasing the contamination of fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family as well as the phytoremediation of hydrophobic contaminants.
AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS, 2013年04月, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 161 (4), 2128 - 2135, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) consisting of non-ortho and mono-ortho-chlorinated PCBs are dioxin-like compounds and cause wide contamination in the environment. To monitor Co-PCB residues, it was attempted to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal and recombinant antibodies selective to Co-PCBs. When 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenoxybutyric acid (PCBH)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate was immunized into mice, two monoclonal antibodies, Mab-0217 and Mab-4444, were obtained. 3,3'5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB80) was determined with an IC50 value of 2.6 and 0.46 ng mL(-1) in ELISA based on Mab-0217 and Mab-4444, respectively. Mab-4444 cross-reacted with Co-PCB congeners, except for PCB77 and PCB81. Mab-0217 reacted with PCB80 and cross-reacted with PCB111. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody derived from Mab-4444 was produced in recombinant Escherichia coli cells. The scFv antibody showed nearly the same sensitivity toward PCBH as the parent monoclonal antibody in ELISA. These results clearly suggested that Mab-4444 and its scFv antibodies were suitable for monitoring the representative congeners of Co-PCBs.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2012年02月, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 60 (7), 1605 - 1612, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Certain congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine insecticides are ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) in animals. A recombinant guinea pig (g) AhR, XgDV, was constructed by fusing the ligand-binding domain of gAhR, the DNA-binding domain of LexA, and the transactivating domain of VP16. Then, the expression unit of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene regulated by XgDV was introduced into Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. When the transgenic Arabidopsis XgDV plants were cultured on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium containing PCB congeners, the GUS activity in the plants increased toxic equivalent (TEQ)-dependently. The GUS activity in the transgenic Arabidopsis XgDV plants cultured on MS medium containing the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin was also induced. On the other hand, in the case of DDT, the GUS activity induced by 3-methylcholanthere in the plants decreased. The transgenic Arabidopsis XgDV plants detected 1000 ng g(-1) PCB126 in 1 g of soils. Thus the XgDV plants seemed to be useful for convenient assays of PCB congeners and organochlorine insecticides, without any extraction and purification steps.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2012年, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES, 47 (7), 599 - 607, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The transgenic tobacco plant XD4V-26 carrying the recombinant mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor XD4V-mediated beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression system was used for assay of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds consisting of polychlorinated dibenzeno-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in actually contaminated soils. The transgenic tobacco plant XD4V-26 showed a significant dose-dependent induced GUS activity when cultured on MS medium containing PCB126 [toxic equivalency factor (TEF) = 0.1]. In contrast, PCB169 and PCB180, which have 0.03 of TEF and unassigned TEF values, respectively, did not significantly induce GUS activity under the same conditions as with PCB126. When the tobacco plants were cultivated for up to 5 weeks on actually contaminated soils with dioxins and dioxin-like compounds collected from the periphery of an incinerator used for disposal of residential and industrial wastes, GUS activity in the leaves was dose-dependently increased. The plants clearly detected 360 pg-TEQ g(-1) of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in this assay. There was a positive correlation between GUS activity and TEQ value of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in the plants. This assay does not require any extraction and purification processes for the actually contaminated soil samples.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2012年, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES, 47 (1), 59 - 65, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The transgenic tobacco plant XD4V-26 carrying the recombinant mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor XD4V-mediated beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression system was used for assay of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds consisting of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in actually contaminated soils. The transgenic tobacco plant XD4V-26 showed a significant dose-dependent induced GUS activity when cultured on MS medium containing PCB126 [toxic equivalency factor (TEF) = 0.1]. In contrast, PCB169 and PCB180, which have 0.03 of TEF and unassigned TEF values, respectively, did not significantly induce GUS activity under the same conditions as with PCB126. When the tobacco plants were cultivated for up to 5 weeks on actually contaminated soils with dioxins and dioxin-like compounds collected from the periphery of an incinerator used for disposal of life and industrial wastes, GUS activity in the leaves was dose-dependently increased. The plants clearly detected 360 pg-TEQ g(-1) of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in this assay. There was a positive correlation between GUS activity and TEQ value of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in the plants. This assay does not require any extraction and purification processes for the actually contaminated soil samples.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2012年, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES, 47 (4), 233 - 239, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Certain congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine insecticides are ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) in animals. A recombinant guinea pig (g) AhR, XgDV, was constructed by fusing the ligand-binding domain of gAhR, the DNA-binding domain of LexA, and the transactivating domain of VP16. Then, the expression unit of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene regulated by XgDV was introduced into Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. When the transgenic Arabidopsis XgDV plants were cultured on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium containing PCB congeners, the GUS activity in the plants increased toxic equivalent (TEQ)-dependently. The GUS activity in the transgenic Arabidopsis XgDV plants cultured on MS medium containing the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin was also induced. On the other hand, in the case of DDT, the GUS activity induced by 3-methylcholanthere in the plants decreased. The transgenic Arabidopsis XgDV plants detected 1000 ng g(-1) PCB126 in 1 g of soils. Thus the XgDV plants seemed to be useful for convenient assays of PCB congeners and organochlorine insecticides, without any extraction and purification steps.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2012年, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES, 47 (7), 599 - 607, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The giant water bug, Lethocerus deyrollei has become an endangered species in Japan. For conservation of this insect, hormonal regulation and the potential involvement of environmental pollutants as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in reproduction was investigated using vitellogenin (Vg), the major yolk protein precursor, gene as a biomarker. For this, the cDNA encoding Vg of L. deyrollei was cloned and the amino acid sequence was deduced. The Vg polypeptide sequence was deduced from the 5,865 bp cDNA, containing several well-conserved features of insect Vgs. SDS-PAGE showed two Vg subunit polypeptides of about 193 and 56 kDa in L. deyrollei. Northern blot analysis revealed that the Vg gene was transcribed specifically in the female fat body and Vg expression was induced when females in reproductive diapause were injected with juvenile hormone (JH) III and inhibited when they were injected with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), suggesting that the Vg gene is regulated by the JH in L. deyrollei. Dramatic induction or inhibition of Vg gene transcript was detected when diapausing females were injected with EDCs. 17 beta-estradiol and bisphenol A enhanced the expression but 4-t-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol repressed it. These results indicate that EDCs may disrupt the reproductive physiology of L. deyrollei in nature, providing a first indication that environmental pollutants could be the cause of the rapid disappearance of this species from Japanese ecosystems.
SPRINGER, 2011年06月, JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION, 15 (3), 421 - 431, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Molecular mechanisms of metabolism and modes of actions of agrochemicals and related compounds are important for understanding selective toxicity, biodegradability, and monitoring of biological effects on nontarget organisms. It is well-known that in mammals, cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) monooxygenases metabolize lipophilic foreign compounds. These P450 species are inducible, and both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 are induced by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) combined with a ligand. Gene engineering of P450 and NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (P450 reductase) was established for bioconversion. Also, gene modification of AhRs was developed for recombinant AhR-mediated beta-glucronidase (GUS) reporter assay of AhR ligands. Recombinant P450 genes were transformed into plants for phytoremediation, and recombinant AhR-mediated GUS reporter gene expression systems were each transformed into plants for phytomonitoring. Transgenic rice plants carrying CYP2B6 metabolized the herbicide metolachlor and remarkably reduced the residues in the plants and soils under paddy field conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying recombinant guinea pig (g) AhR-mediated GUS reporter genes detected PCB126 at the level of 10 ng/g soils in the presence of biosurfactants MEL-B. Both phytomonitoring and phytoremediation plants were each evaluated from the standpoint of practical uses.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2011年04月, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 59 (7), 2870 - 2875, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Zucchini cultivars Cucurbita pepo subsp. ovifera cv. Patty Green and subsp. pepo CV. Gold Rush were cultivated hydroponically in a nutrient solution supplemented with a mixture of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Patty Green and Gold Rush showed low and high accumulation of these compounds in the aerial parts respectively. In both cultivars, the accumulation of each congener negatively depended on its hydrophobicity. This suggests that desorption and solubilization were partly responsible for congener specificity of accumulation, since this was not found in soil experiments. In contrast, no clear difference in accumulation in the roots was observed between the cultivars, whereas the translocation factors, which are indicators of efficient translocation from the roots to the aerial parts, differed among the congeners hydrophobicity-dependently. There were positive correlations between accumulation in the roots and the hydrophobicity of the polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in both cultivars. These results indicate that translocation was also partly responsible for the congener specificity and accumulation concentrations.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2011年04月, BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 75 (4), 705 - 710, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Nine zucchini cultivars (Cucurbita pepo subspecies ovifera and pepo) were grown in soil containing a mixture of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Plants of subspecies pepo accumulated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in their aerial parts at higher concentrations than did plants of subspecies ovifera. In all cultivars, the accumulation of PCDDs and PCDFs in the aerial parts decreased with increasing hydrophobicity, whereas for PCBs, a negative correlation was observed in only two cultivars. The other seven cultivars selectively accumulated ortho-chlorinated biphenyls. Our results contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, which should help in the development of efficient methods for phytoremediation of hydrophobic contaminants. (C) Pesticide Science Society of Japan
PESTICIDE SCI SOC JAPAN, 2011年, JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE, 36 (3), 363 - 369, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls included in dioxin-like compounds are bio-accumulated and adversely affect wildlife and human health. Although many researchers have studied the metabolism of PCBs, there have been few reports of the in vitro metabolism of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), despite the fact that it has the highest toxicity among PCB congeners. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 proteins can metabolize some dioxins and PCBs by hydroxylation, but the activities of human and rat CYP1A1 proteins are very different. The mechanism remains unclear. From our results, rat CYP1A1 metabolized PCB126 into 4-OH-3,3',4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 4-OH-3,3',4',5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl, but human CYP1A1 did not metabolize. Homology models of the two CYP proteins, and docking studies, showed that differences in the amino acid residues forming their substrate-binding cavities led to differences in the size and shape of the cavities; only the cavity of rat CYP1A1 allowed PCB126 close enough to the haem to be metabolized. Comparison of the amino acid residues of other mammalian CYP1A1 proteins suggested that rats have a unique metabolism of xenobiotics. Our results suggest that it is necessary to be careful in human extrapolation of toxicity data estimated by using the rat as an experimental animal, especially in the case of compounds metabolized by CYP1A1.
OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2011年, JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY, 149 (4), 487 - 494, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Potato tuberization is induced under short-day conditions and repressed under long-day conditions. In this study, we produced transgenic potatoes overexpressing either Arabidopsis thaliana LOV KELCH PROTEIN 2 (35S:LKP2) or CONSTANS fused with a transcription repressor motif (35S: CO-Rep). In an in vitro tuberization assay, the average number of tubers per plant was greater in 35S: LKP2 plants than in vector-control plants, but lower in 35S: CO-Rep plants. Under long-day conditions in soil, all 35S: LKP2 plants tuberized, whereas most control plants and 35S: CO-Rep plants did not. These results suggest genes involved in flowering time regulation can be used to control potato tuber production. (C) 2010 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2010年06月, FEBS LETTERS, 584 (11), 2393 - 2396, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(その他学術会議資料等)
Four expression plasmids for recombinant human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (hAhR) consisting of a ligand binding domain of hAhR, a DNA-binding domain of LexA and a transactivation domain of VP16 as well as beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes were constructed. All the expression plasmids were transformed into tobacco plants. The selected transgenic tobacco plants were used to assay. PCB congeners showed GUS activity in a TEF-dependent manner. The selected transgenic tobacco plant XhD4V17 was compared with the transgenic tobacco plants XmD4V26 and XgD2V23 containing recombinant mouse (m) AhR-mediated GUS reporter gene expression cassette and recombinant guinea pig (g) AhR-mediated GUS reporter gene expression cassette for PCB congener-inducible GUS activity. The data revealed that the tobacco plant XgD2V23 was the most active in PCB congener-inducible GUS activity. In a 1: 1 mixture of PCB126 and PCB80 a reduced PCB126-induced GUS activity was observed in plant XgD2V23, which could possibly be due to interaction between PCB126 and PCB80.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2010年, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES, 45 (8), 741 - 749, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Four expression plasmids for recombinant human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (hAhR) consisting of a ligand binding domain of hAhR, a DNA-binding domain of LexA and a transactivation domain of VP16 as well as beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes were constructed. All the expression plasmids were transformed into tobacco plants. The selected transgenic tobacco plants were used to assay. PCB congeners showed GUS activity in a TEF-dependent manner. The selected transgenic tobacco plant XhD4V17 was compared with the transgenic tobacco plants XmD4V26 and XgD2V23 containing recombinant mouse (m) AhR-mediated GUS reporter gene expression cassette and recombinant guinea pig (g) AhR-mediated GUS reporter gene expression cassette for PCB congener-inducible GUS activity. The data revealed that the tobacco plant XgD2V23 was the most active in PCB congener-inducible GUS activity. In a 1: 1 mixture of PCB126 and PCB80 a reduced PCB126-induced GUS activity was observed in plant XgD2V23, which could possibly be due to interaction between PCB126 and PCB80.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2010年, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES, 45 (8), 741 - 749, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying a recombinant guinea pig (g) aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression system were generated for assays of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. The selected transgenic Arabidopsis plant XgD2V11-6 exhibited a correlation between uptake of PCB126 and PCB126-induced GUS activity. Also, the plants showed induced GUS activity towards the supplemental indole 3-acetic acid (IAA). Thus, the GUS assay may reflect induction by both endogenous and exogenous AhR ligands. When biosurfactants, MEL-B, produced in the culture of yeast isolated from plants were used for assays of PCB congeners in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, they showed marked PCB126 dose-dependent and toxic equivalency factor (TEF) dependent GUS activities. The effects of biosurfactants were clearer when the plants were cultivated on soils containing PCB congeners for 7 days as compared with on soils for 3 days as well as in the medium for 3 days. Threfore, it was estimated that biosurfactants form micellae with PCB congeners, which are easily uptaken by the plants in a mode of passive diffusion, transport into the aerial parts and then induce GUS activity.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2010年, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES, 45 (8), 750 - 756, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying a recombinant human estrogen receptor gene and a green fluorescent protein reporter gene were used to bioassay estrogenic compounds. We constructed four recombinant human estrogen receptor genes by combining the DNA-binding domain of LexA, a synthetic nuclear localization signal, a ligand-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor, and a transactivation domain of VP16 in different orders; the XEV plants were the most sensitive, and were able to detect 0.001 ng ml(-1) of 17-estradiol (E(2)). The transgenic plants absorbed E(2) and 4-nonylphenol present in the nutrient solution, whereas most of the other compounds seemed to be retained in, or on, the roots. Estrone, methoxychlor, bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-t-octylphenol in the medium were clearly detected by RT-PCR and PCR of the genomic DNA. The transgenic Arabidopsis XEV plants thus have potential for the bioassay of estrogenic compounds.
SPRINGER, 2009年12月, TRANSGENIC RESEARCH, 18 (6), 899 - 909, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Many recombinant transcription factors have been invented, but we cannot select a substance used as an inducer. In this study, we have created a novel expression control system in which we can select a substance as an inducer toward which a monoclonal antibody (mAb) is prepared. The variable region fragments (Fvs) of the heavy and light chains (V(H) and V(L)) of the bisphenol A (BPA)-specific mAb BBA-2187 were each fused to the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of LexA and the transactivation domain (AD) of VP16. The association between the two recombinant proteins in the presence of BPA constituted a functional transcription factor. The recombinant proteins in which the DBD was fused to the N-terminal side of the Fv and in which the nuclear localization signal (NLS) was fused to the N-termini of the construct including the AD highly induced beta-galactosidase (lacZ) expression in recombinant yeast cells grown with BPA. When the Fvs of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-specific mAb 4444 were used, DBD-NLS-V(H) and NLS-AD-V(L) showed significantly increased lacZ activity in response to a PCB derivative. The Fv transcription factor may be useful in many fields such as gene therapeutics.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2009年12月, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 81 (24), 10162 - 10166, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Many recombinant transcription factors have been invented, but we cannot select a substance used as an inducer. In this study, we have created a novel expression control system in which we can select a substance as an inducer toward which a monoclonal antibody (mAb) is prepared. The variable region fragments (Fvs) of the heavy and light chains (V(H) and V(L)) of the bisphenol A (BPA)-specific mAb BBA-2187 were each fused to the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of LexA and the transactivation domain (AD) of VP16. The association between the two recombinant proteins in the presence of BPA constituted a functional transcription factor. The recombinant proteins in which the DBD was fused to the N-terminal side of the Fv and in which the nuclear localization signal (NLS) was fused to the N-termini of the construct including the AD highly induced beta-galactosidase (lacZ) expression in recombinant yeast cells grown with BPA. When the Fvs of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-specific mAb 4444 were used, DBD-NLS-V(H) and NLS-AD-V(L) showed significantly increased lacZ activity in response to a PCB derivative. The Fv transcription factor may be useful in many fields such as gene therapeutics.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2009年12月, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 81 (24), 10162 - 10166, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Alkylphenol polyethoxylates and alkylphenols are widely distributed contaminants in the environment. Two anti-alkylphenol polyethoxylate monoclonal antibodies MOF3-139 and AP-14 were established to measure these chemicals by enzyme immunoassays in previous studies. Interestingly, these two monoclonal antibodies showed different specificity; AP-14 cross-reacts with nonylphenoxyacetic acid and nonylphenol, whereas MOF3-139 does not. To understand the molecular basis of the difference in specificity, single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies derived from the monoclonal antibodies were each produced in Escherichia coli cells and characterized in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The scFv antibodies exhibited comparable reactivity profiles to the derived parent monoclonal antibodies. It was found that the VH domain of AP-14 play an important role in the cross-reaction when specificity tests were performed using variable domain-swapped scFv antibodies. An experiment using complementarity-determining region (CDR)-grafted scFv antibodies revealed that CDRI and CDR2 of AP-14 are involved in the cross-reaction to nonylphenoxyacetic acid and nonylphenol, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis was introduced in both regions and the assay revealed that 33rd Thr and 35th His in VH domain of AP-14 were highly involved in the cross-reaction with nonylphenoxyacetic acid and that 33rd Thr, 57th Asp, and 59th Glu were involved in the cross-reaction with nonylphenol. The findings herein would contribute to the antibody engineering for specificity modification and to the generation of an alkylphenol-specific recombinant antibody by antibody engineering. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2009年09月, MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY, 46 (15), 3125 - 3130, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(その他学術会議資料等)
研究論文(その他学術会議資料等)
研究論文(その他学術会議資料等)
研究論文(その他学術会議資料等)
Dioxin residues widely contaminate soil and agricultural products at low concentrations and may accumulate in organisms at the top of food chains owing to their physicochemical properties. In this study, we have developed novel, dioxin-inducible, reporter gene expression systems regulated by recombinant aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). The recombinant AhRs, referred to as XDVs, consist of the DNA-binding domain of the bacterial repressor protein LexA, a 90-kDa heat shock protein- and ligand-binding regulatory domain from mouse AhR, and the transactivation domain of herpes simplex virus regulatory protein VP16. Transgenic tobacco plants carrying XDVs absorb various AhR ligands, including 3-methylcholanthrene, beta-naphthoflavone and indigo from solid medium and vermiculite, and show dose- and time-dependent expression of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. The results clearly suggest that XDVs are functional transcription factors that respond to AhR ligands, and that the XDV-mediated reporter gene expression system is applicable to bioassays for dioxin residues in the environment.
WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2009年02月, PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL, 7 (2), 119 - 128, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(その他学術会議資料等)
Contamination of the environment and agricultural products with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including dioxins and organochlorine insecticides is a serious problem in the world. It is important to monitor these residues and also to reduce the residues in the environment. Microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450) species in mammals were screened for degradation of pesticide residues. The cDNA clones of the selected P450 species were express en in higher plants. Also, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression systems were introduced into higher plants. The transgenic plants were evaluated for phytoremediation and for phytomonitoring. We discussed how recombinant P450s and AhRs were useful for both purposes.
MEDIMOND S R L, 2009年, 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYTOCHROME P450, PROCEEDINGS, 133 - +, 英語研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
This is a report on the development of immunoaffinity chromatography using a column of silica gel with an immobilized single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody specific to bisphenol A (BPA) for cleanup of BPA-contaminated water samples. The BBA-2187 scFv antibody specific to BPA was purified from the periplasmic fractions of the recombinant Escherichia coli. After a sample of BPA-contaminated river water was applied to the immunoaffinity column, the background signal intensity observed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the eluates was markedly lower than that observed in HPLC analysis of the eluates from an Oasis HLB cartridge treated with the same sample. The immunoaffinity column efficiently concentrated BPA from actual river water samples with different matrices. Our results demonstrate that the immunoaffinity column with immobilized BBA-2187 scFv antibody is efficient for the cleanup of BPA-contaminated water samples from different sources.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2009年01月, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57 (2), 353 - 358, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
We engineered tobacco and Arabidopsis plants, in which the expression of the reporter beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene was induced by the recombinant aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). These transgenic plants showed dose-dependent increase of GUS activities toward dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. On the other hand, GUS activities did not increase when non-toxic PCBs were treated. From these results, we found that there was positive correlation between GUS activity and dioxin toxicity. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants grown in 1 g of soil contaminated with dioxin-like PCBs showed significant increase of GUS activity, leading to a high-throughput screening of dioxin contamination without any extraction and purification steps. This system has a potential fir the bioassay of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds.
MEDIMOND S R L, 2009年, 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYTOCHROME P450, PROCEEDINGS, 103 - +, 英語研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
The zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) cultivars 'Patty Green', 'Black Beauty', and 'Gold Rush' were cultivated on weathered dioxin-contaminated soil in pots, and concentrations of the 29 dioxin-like compounds that were assigned WHO-TEFs, three non-toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and two non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed. Toxic equivalent (TEQ) values accumulated in 'Black Beauty' and 'Gold Rush' were about 180 times higher than those in 'Patty Green'. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) based on total mass concentration of the twelve dioxin-like PCBs was higher than those of the seven PCDDs and ten PCDFs in all the cultivars. The BCFs for PCDD and PCDF congeners were negatively correlated with octanol-water partition coefficients in all the plants. No correlations were observed in PCB congeners in the high accumulators, although in 'Patty Green' the BCFs for PCB congeners were significantly correlated with octanol-water partition coefficients. Our findings suggest that the high accumulators had unknown, unique mechanisms for uptake of PCBs, whereas PCDDs and PCDFs were absorbed based on their physicochemical properties. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008年11月, CHEMOSPHERE, 73 (10), 1602 - 1607, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) cultivars 'Patty Green', 'Black Beauty', and 'Gold Rush' were cultivated on weathered dioxin-contaminated soil in pots, and concentrations of the 29 dioxin-like compounds that were assigned WHO-TEFs, three non-toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and two non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed. Toxic equivalent (TEQ) values accumulated in 'Black Beauty' and 'Gold Rush' were about 180 times higher than those in 'Patty Green'. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) based on total mass concentration of the twelve dioxin-like PCBs was higher than those of the seven PCDDs and ten PCDFs in all the cultivars. The BCFs for PCDD and PCDF congeners were negatively correlated with octanol-water partition coefficients in all the plants. No correlations were observed in PCB congeners in the high accumulators, although in 'Patty Green' the BCFs for PCB congeners were significantly correlated with octanol-water partition coefficients. Our findings suggest that the high accumulators had unknown, unique mechanisms for uptake of PCBs, whereas PCDDs and PCDFs were absorbed based on their physicochemical properties. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008年11月, CHEMOSPHERE, 73 (10), 1602 - 1607, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[招待有り]
研究論文(その他学術会議資料等)
研究論文(その他学術会議資料等)
Microsomal cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) catalyzes monooxygenase reactions toward a diverse group of exogenous and endogenous substrates and requires cytochrome b(5) (b(5)) in the oxidation of the typical substrate testosterone. To analyze the molecular interaction among CYP3A4, NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (P450 reductase), and b(5), we constructed several fused enzyme genes and expressed them in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The recombinant fused enzymes CYP3A4-truncated (t)-P450 reductase-t-b(5) (3RB) and CYP3A4-t-b(5)-t-P450 reductase (3BR) in yeast microsomes showed a higher specific activity in 6 beta-hydroxylation of testosterone than did the reconstitution premixes of CYP3A4, P450 reductase, and b(5). The purified fused enzymes exhibited lower K-m values and substantially increased V-max values in 6 beta-hydroxylation of testosterone and oxidation of nifedipine. Moreover, the fused enzymes showed significantly higher activities in cytochrome c reduction than the reconstitution premixes. Although the affinity of 3RB toward cytochrome c was twice as high as that of 3BR, 3BR and 3RB showed nearly the same affinity toward NADPH/NADH. In addition, the heme of the CYP3A4 moiety of 3RB was reduced preferentially and more rapidly than that of 3BR, whereas the heme of the b(5) moiety of 3BR was selectively reduced compared with that of 3RB. These results suggest that the conformation of the 3RB molecule was the most suitable for high activity because of appropriate ordering of the CYP3A4, P450 reductase, and b(5) moieties for efficient electron flow. Thus, we believe that the b(5) moiety plays an important role in the efficient transfer of the second electron in the vicinity of the CYP3A4 moiety.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2007年09月, BIOCHEMISTRY, 46 (35), 10213 - 10221, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The human gene for CYP2B6, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that inactivates xenobiotic chemicals, was introduced into Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. At germination, R, seeds of transgenic rice plants expressing CYP2136 (CYP2136 rice) showed a high tolerance to 5 mu M metolachlor, a preemergence herbicide that is degraded by CYP2136. Thin-layer chromatography after culture with C-14-Iabeled metolachlor revealed that the amounts of residual metolachlor decreased in plant tissues and the medium of CYP2136 rice faster than those of untransformed Nipponbare. CYP2136 rice plants were able to grow in the presence of 13 out of 17 herbicides: five chloroacetamides and mefenacet, pyributicarb, amiprofos-methyl, trifluralin, pendimethalin, norflurazon, and chlorotoluron. These herbicides differ in their modes of action and chemical structures. Transgenic rice expressing a xenobiotic-degrading human CYP2136, which has broad substrate specificity, should be good not only for developing herbicide tolerant rice but also for reducing the environmental impact of agrochernicals.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2005年05月, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 53 (9), 3461 - 3467, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We introduced an expression plasmid, pIKBACH, co-expressing the human cytochrome P450 genes CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP209, into rice plants (Oryza sativa cv. 'Nipponbare'). The transgenic rice plants (pIKBACH rice) were screened by a combination of hygromycin resistance, PCR, and Western blot analysis. The pIKBACH rice plants expressed all three P450 species and exhibited tolerance towards various herbicides with different chemical structures and different modes of action, including a photosynthesis inhibitor (chlortoluron), very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) inhibitors (acetochlor, metolachlor, and thenylchlor), a carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor (norflurazon), and a root-elongation inhibitor (pyributicarb). In addition, the pIKBACH rice plants showed high tolerance to two mixtures of three herbicides [quizalofop-ethyl (0.15 muM), metolachlor (2 muM), and norflurazon (0.4 muM); and mefenacet (2.5 muM), thenylchlor (2 muM), and pyributicarb (1.5 muM)]. Thin-layer chromatography analysis revealed that the pIKBACH transgenic rice plants exhibited high metabolic activity towards chlortoluron, metolachlor, and norflurazon. The metabolism of herbicides by the pIKBACH rice plants was enhanced additively by the introduced P450 species. Assuming that public and commercial acceptance is forthcoming, pIKBACH rice plants may become useful tools for the breeding of herbicide-tolerant crops and for phytoremediation of environmental pollution by organic chemicals. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All fights reserved.
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2005年03月, PLANT SCIENCE, 168 (3), 773 - 781, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Transgenic plants carrying mammalian hormone receptor genes were examined for monitoring of environmental chemicals including dioxins and endocrine disruptors. The transgenic tobacco plants expressing mouse arylhydrocarbon receptor gene detected 1ppb of the dioxin-like compound 20-methylcholanthrene in the cultured plants. In addition, the transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing human estrogen receptor gene detected 1ppt of 17 beta-estradiol and ppb levels of the other endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A, 4-t-octylphenol, and others in potted plants. These transgenic plants appear to be useful for on site monitoring of dioxins and estrogenic contaminants in the environment. The transgenic plants expressing AhR and ER detected 1ppb of MC under cultured conditions and 1ppt of E-2 under potted conditions, respectively. Basic technology was established for monitoring dioxins and EDs in the transgenic plants with the receptor genes. However, increase of the sensitivity towards other EDs with low affinity towards receptors is necessary. In order to overcome this problem, (1)sensitive receptors may be useful instead of mouse AhR and human ER. It is known that fish ERs were more sensitive to alkylphenols such as nonylphenol and octylphenol than mammalian ones. (2)Increase of uptake efficiency of dioxins and EDs is another way to increase sensitivity. Zucchini plants are known to have efficient translocation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(7). Furthermore, (3)genes synthesizing flower colors as reporter genes may be useful for visible monitoring of contaminations on site.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2005年, NEW DISCOVERIES IN AGROCHEMICALS, 892, 40 - 47, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We compared three transgenic rice plants transformed with pIJ2C9, pIES2C9, or pIJU2C9, which express the human CYP2C9 gene under the control of the CaMV 35S, chimeric CaMV 35S, or maize polyubiquitin 1 promoter, respectively. The plants, especially those transformed with pIJU2C9, showed high tolerance to the sulfonylurea herbicides chlorsulfuron, imazosulfuron, and triasulfuron, owing to metabolic detoxification promoted by the introduced CYP2C9. The levels of expression of CYP2C9 were highly related to the tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides. In this study, we achieved to produce transgenic rice plants with high expression of CYP2C9 by use of a maize polyubiquitin 1 promoter. Imazosulfuron is used in rice, but chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron are not, because of the sensitivity of rice plants to them. Transgenic rice plants expressing CYP2C9 will be useful for introducing tolerance to chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron into rice lines. Copyright © 2005 The Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology.
Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, 2005年, Plant Biotechnology, 22 (2), 89 - 96, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We have developed a selection system for transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This selection system uses human cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that metabolize herbicides. Herbicide-tolerant seedlings transformed with CYP1A1, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, or CYP2C19 were selected with the herbicides acetochlor, amiprophos-methyl, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, norflurazon, and pendimethalin. The herbicide-tolerant plants transformed with CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 expressed the corresponding P450 cDNAs. Inheritance and segregation of the P450 genes were analyzed in T2 progeny of herbicide-tolerant T1 seedlings. Metabolism of [14C] norflurazon by transgenic T2 seedlings expressing CYP1A1 produced non-toxic N-demethylated norflurazon. This result suggests that the P450 species expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants coordinately functioned as selectable markers because of active metabolism of the herbicides. Copyright © 2005 The Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology.
Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, 2005年, Plant Biotechnology, 22 (4), 281 - 286, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
A rat P450 monooxygenase gene (CYP1A1) was introduced into potato plants to enhance the metabolism of the environmental contaminants in subterranean organs. The CYP1A1 gene was kept under the control of the potato patatin promoter to enhance tuber-specific expression. A total of 106 transgenic plants (PAT1A1 plants) were obtained following selection by a resistance test to kanamycin and PCR analysis. PAT1A1 plants treated with 10% exogenous sucrose showed a higher activity of monooxgenase in the leaves than the non-transgenic plants. This indicated that the activity enhanced by 10% sucrose was due to the patatin promoter containing the sucrose-inducted elements. One representative transgenic plant, Ag2197, was selected on the basis of monooxgenase activity in the leaves and Western blot analysis. Ag2197 was found to accumulate a large amount of CYP1A1 mRNA and protein in the developing tuber but not in the mature tuber. The residual herbicides, atrazine and chlortoluron, were analyzed in the micro-tubers of Ag2197 and non-transgenic plants. The amount of residual herbicides in Ag2197 was much lower than that in the non-transgenic plant, indicating that the transgenic plant metabolized the herbicides to a detoxified form. The transgenic plants produced in this study might be useful for the phytoremediation of chemical pollution in the soil.
SPRINGER-VERLAG, 2002年09月, THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS, 105 (4), 515 - 520, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
A gene of the enzyme involved in xenobiotic metabolism in mammalian liver was introduced into potato to confer inducible herbicide tolerance. A rat cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP1A1 cDNA, was kept under the control of the tobacco PR1a promoter in order to apply the system of chemical inducible expression using the plant activator Benzothiadiazole (BTH). Transgenic plants were obtained based on the kanamycin resistance test and PCR analysis. Northern-blot analysis revealed the accumulation of mRNA corresponding to rat CYP1A1 in the transgenic plants treated with BTH (3.0 mumol/pot), whereas no accumulation of the corresponding mRNA occurred without BTH treatment. These transgenic plants also produced a protein corresponding to CYP1A1 in the leaves by BTH treatment. The transgenic plants with BTH application showed a much-higher tolerance to the phenylurea herbicides chlortoluron and methabenzthiazuron than non-transgenic plants. These findings indicated that the ability of metabolizing the two herbicides to less-toxic derivatives was displayed in the transgenic plants after BTH treatment. Transgenic plants harboring the CYP1A1 cDNA fused with the yeast P450 reductase (YR) gene under the control of PR1a were also produced. Although the plants showed a lower expression level of the fused gene than transgenic plants with CYP1A1 cDNA alone, they were tolerant to herbicides. These facts suggested that the CYP1A1 enzyme fused with YR showed a higher specific activity than CYP1A1 alone. This study demonstrated that the mammalian cDNA for the detoxification enzyme of herbicides under the control of the PR1a promoter conferred chemical-inducible herbicide tolerance on potato.
SPRINGER-VERLAG, 2002年02月, THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS, 104 (2-3), 308 - 314, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The cDNAs of human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 species CYP209 and CYP2C19 were each expressed in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants under the control of CaMV35S promoter and Nos terminator. Western blot analysis of the selected transgenic rice plants revealed that CYP2C9 and CYP209 were produced in the transgenic rice plants 2C9-57 and 2C19-12, respectively, [(14)C]Chlorsulfuron and [(14)C]imazosulfuron were found to be more rapidly metabolized in R(2) seedlings front 2C9-57R(1) than in the control plants to yield polar metabolites which were mainly glucose conjugates of hydroxylated metabolites formed by the function of CYP2C9. The R, transgenic rice seeds from 2CO-57R, showed tolerance toward the sulfonylurea herbicide chlorsulfuron in a germination test, On the other hand. I(14)[C]pyributicarb was also rapidly metabolized in R(1) seedlings from 2C19-12R(0) to give polar metabolites. but not in the control and PCR-negative transgenic plants. The R, transgenic rice seeds of 2C19-12R(0) showed cross-tolerance toward the herbicides mefenacet, metolachlor, norflurazon, and pyributicarb with different chemical structures and modes of herbicide action in a germination test. It was Suggested that the herbicide-tolerant rice plant 2C957R(2) seems to be practically useful for evasion of the sensitivity of rice plants toward the sulforlylurea herbicide chlorsulfuron. In addition, the herbicide-tolerant 2C19-12R(1) appears to be potentially useful for the control of suffonylurea-resistant weeds in a paddy field by the combined use of the herbicides mefenacet, metolachlor, norflurazon, and pyributicarb. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2001年11月, PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 71 (3), 156 - 169, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Metabolism of 50 herbicides and 7 other chemicals with different structures and modes of action was examined in the microsomes from the recombinant yeast strains expressing each of ii human P450 species. Of these, 27 herbicides and 6 other chemicals were mainly metabolized by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The metabolites of atrazine (AT), chlortoluron (CT), fenitrothion (FT), methoxychlor (MXC), pyributicarb (PC), simazine (SZ) and simetryn (ST) were identified by co-chromatography with the authentic standards as well as LC/MS and GC/MS of their derivatives. Based on these results, three major P450 species CYP1A1, CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 in different families and subfamilies were selected and then co-expressed in the transgenic potato plant T1977, which showed cross-tolerance toward the herbicides acetochlor (AC), AT, CT, methabenzthiazuron (MT), metolachlor (MC), norflurazon (NR) and PC.(1)) The T1977 plant showed a higher activity in the metabolism of each of [C-14] CT, [C-14] AT, [C-14] PC and [C-14] MXC than the control. In T1977, [C-14] PC was almost completely metabolized to m-tert-butylphenol(BP), O-demethylated PC (DMPC), hydrox ylated BP (BPOH) and unknown metabolites. Also, [C-14] MXC was rapidly metabolized in T1977 through O-demethylation to yield mono-demethylated and di-demethyrated metabolites, which were mainly deposited as glucosides in the plants. These results strongly suggested that three P450 species expressed in T1977 coordinately functioned and actively metabolized the herbicides and the insecticide. The transgenic plants expressed human P450 species metabolizing xenobiotics seem to be useful for generation of transgenic crops with low pesticide residues as well as for phytoremediation of pesticide residues.
PESTICIDE SCI SOC JAPAN, 2001年, JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE, 26 (1), 28 - 40, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Among 11 isoforms of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolizing xenobiotics, CYP 1A1 and CYP 1A2 were major P450 species in the metabolism of the herbicides chlortoluron and atrazine in a yeast expression system. CYP1A2 was more active in the metabolism of both herbicides than CYP1A1, The fused enzymes of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 with yeast NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase were functionally active in the microsomal fraction of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and showed increased specific activity towards 7-ethoxyresorufin as compared to CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 alone. Then, both fused enzymes were each expressed in the microsomes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv, Samsun NN) plants. The transgenic plants expressing the CYP1A2 fusion enzyme had higher resistance to the herbicide chlortoluron than the plants expressing the CYP1A1 fusion enzyme did, The transgenic plants expressing the CYP1A2 fused enzyme metabolized chlortoluron to a larger extent to its non-phytotoxic metabolites through N-demethylation and ring-methyl hydroxylation as compared to the plants expressing the CYP1A1 fused enzyme. Thus, the possibility of increasing the herbicide resistance in the transgenic plants by the selection of P450 species and the fusion with P450 reductase is discussed.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2000年10月, BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 64 (10), 2025 - 2033, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The transgenic potato plants T1977, co-expressing human CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19; S1965, expressing human CYP1A1; S1972, expressing human CYP1B6; and S1974, expressing human CYP2C19 were selected by the combination of kanamycin-resistance, PCR, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase assay, and Western blot analysis. The 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity of both T1977 and S1965 expressing CYP1A1 were 27 and 53 times higher, respectively, than that of the control. T1977 exhibited remarkable cross-tolerance toward the photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides atrazine (AT), chlortuluron (CT), and methabenzthiazuron (MT), the lipid biosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides acetochlor (AC) and metolachlor (MC), and the carotenoid biosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide norflurazon (NR), although the control did not show tolerance toward these herbicides. In addition, T1977 showed high tolerance toward pyributicarb (PC), which inhibits root elongation, whereas S1974 expressing CYP2C19 showed a weak resistance to the herbicide, which was found to be metabolized by CYP2C19 in vitro. S1965, S1972, and S1974 showed cross-tolerance toward AT, CT, MT, and NR; AC and MC; and AT, AC, and MC; respectively. These results suggested that T1977 co-expressing CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 was highly cross-tolerant reward all the herbicides tested, probably by cooperative herbicide metabolism of three P450 species, which were found to metabolize these herbicides in vitro. The transgenic plants expressing human P450 species metabolizing xenobiotics seem to be useful for breeding of herbicide-tolerant crops as well as fur phyroremediation of environmental contaminants. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2000年02月, PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 66 (2), 116 - 129, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Transgenic potato plants expressing human CYP1A1 and human CYP1Al/yeast NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (YR) fused enzyme were generated from microtubers by the use of an Agrobacterium transformation system. The transgenic plants S1384 expressing human CYP1A1 and both F1386 and F1515 expressing the fused enzyme were selected by kanamycin resistance, PCR analysis, chlortoluron (CT) resistance, and Western blot analysis. The integration and transcription of the corresponding CYP1A1 genes were confirmed in these selected transgenic plants by Southern and Northern blot analyses. CYP1A1 and its fused proteins were found to be produced in the transgenic plants S1384 and F1515, respectively. The P450-dependent monooxygenase activity of the transgenic plants S1384, S1386, and F1515 was 3.5, 4.2, and 3.8 times higher in 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation in vitro and 6.4, 5.8, and 5.3 times higher in [(14)C]CT metabolism in viva than those of the control plants, respectively. In the metabolism of [(14)C]atrazine (AT), four metabolites were found in both control and transgenic plants. The deisopropylated deethylated metabolite DIDE, which is nonphytotoxic, was produced to a higher extent in S1384 and F1515 compared with the control. With herbicide tolerance tests, S1384 showed tolerance toward both AT and pyriminobacmethyl (PM), and F1386 and F1515 were tolerant toward PM, while the control died by treatment with both herbicides. Thus, it was found that the transgenic potato plants expressing human CYP1A1 metabolized the herbicides CT and AT with different structures and herbicide modes of action and resulted in cross-tolerance to both herbicides as well as PM. (C) 1999 Academic Press.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 1999年05月, PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 64 (1), 33 - 46, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
It was attempted to generate transgenic potato plants expressing rat P4501Al and rat P4501A1/yeast reductase (YR) fused enzyme by the use of Agrobacterium-transformation system, Six regenerated plants for P4501Al (GC) and twenty plants for P4501Al/YR fused enzyme (GFC) were selected by kanamycin resistance, Southern blot analysis revealed that one of GC plants and ten of GFC plants showed several bands of P450 cDNA or its fused enzyme gene. The GC plant No.1160 was found to produce a detectable amount of mRNA corresponding to 1.6 kb-P450 cDNA, whereas the GFC plants gave a much less amount of mRNA corresponding to 3.5 kb-P450/YR fused enzyme gene. Western blot analysis showed that the GC plant No.1160 produced a large amount of a 59kDa protein corresponding to rat P4501Al. No GFC plants gave a detectable amount of a 130 kDa fused protein corresponding to rat P4501Al/YR fused enzyme, 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and cytochrome c oxidoreductase activities of the transgenic plants were 1.4 to 3.5 and 1.3 to 3.5 times higher than those of the control plants, respectively, [C-14]-Labeled chlortoluron(CT) was more rapidly metabolized through N-demethylation and p-methyl hydroxylation to none or less phytotoxic metabolites in the GC plant No,1160, while it was also metabolized through N-demethylation in the control plants. In vivo herbicide-tolerant tests revealed that the GC plant No,1160 was tolerant against the spray of the CT at 10 mu mol per pot and another herbicide DCMU, [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], at 2 mu mol per pot, although the control plant completely died under the same concentrations of both herbicides. Thus, it was found that expression of rat P4501Al cDNA confer tolerance to the phenylurea herbicides in potato plants.
JAPANESE SOC BREEDING, 1998年06月, BREEDING SCIENCE, 48 (2), 135 - 143, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
It was attempted to generate transgenic potato plants expressing rat P4501A1 and rat P4501A1/yeast reductase (YR) fused enzyme by the use of Agrobacterium-transformation system. Six regenerated plants for P4501A1 (GC) and twenty plants for P4501A1/YR fused enzyme (GFC) were selected by kanamycin resistance. Southern blot analysis revealed that one of GC plants and ten of GFC plants showed several bands of P450 cDNA or its fused enzyme gene. The GC plant No.1160 was found to produce a detectable amount of mRNA corresponding to 1.6 kb-P450 cDNA, whereas the GFC plants gave a much less amount of mRNA corresponding to 3.5 kb-P450/YR fused enzyme gene. Western blot analysis showed that the GC plant No. 1160 produced a large amount of a 59kDa protein corresponding to rat P4501AI. No GFC plants gave a detectable amount of a 130kDa fused protein corresponding to rat P4501A1/YR fused enzyme. 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and cytochrome c oxidoreductase activities of the transgenic plants were 1.4 to 3.5 and 1.3 to 3.5 times higher than those of the control plants, respectively. [14C]-Labeled chlortoluron(CT) was more rapidly metabolized through N-demethylation and p-methyl hydroxylation to none or less phytotoxic metabolites in the GC plant No.1160, while it was also metabolized through N-demethylation in the control plants. In vivo herbicide-tolerant tests revealed that the GC plant No.1160 was tolerant against the spray of the CT at 10μmol per pot and another herbicide DCMU, [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) - 1,1 - dimethylurea], at 2μmol per pot, although the control plant completely died under the same concentrations of both herbicides. Thus, it was found that expression of rat P4501A1 cDNA confer tolerance to the phenylurea herbicides in potato plants.
Japanese Society of Breeding, 1998年, Breeding Science, 48 (2), 135 - 143, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Metabolism of the herbicide chlortoluron was examined in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the genetically engineered fused enzyme between rat cytochrome P4501A1 and yeast NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase. The transgenic plants were resistant to chlortoluron at concentrations of 1D to 50 mu M in Murashige and Skoog medium; however, 10 mu M was toxic to control plants. There were no significant differences in the uptake and the translocation of [C-14] chlortoluron between transgenic and control plants. The major metabolites produced by transgenic plants were N-demethylated metabolite, 4-carboxyphenyl metabolite, and their conjugates, whereas only the N-demethylated metabolite was produced by control plants. In vitro studies also confirmed that the fused enzyme expressed in the microsomal fraction of the transgenic plants exhibited both ring-methyl hydroxylation and N-demethylation activities toward chlortoluron. These results suggested that the transgenic tobacco plants expressing the fused enzyme metabolized chlortoluron to yield larger amounts of nonphytotoxic metabolites, resulting in tolerance to the herbicide. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS, 1996年03月, PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 54 (3), 190 - 198, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
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記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
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研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)
記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)
記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
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[査読有り]
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記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
DNA homologues of rat cytochrome P450 1A 1 (CYP 1A 1) was surveyed by Southern analysis in a total of 98 genotypes consisting of 40 families from higher plant from pteropsida, gymnospermae and angiospermae. Southern analysis was conducted on total genomic DNA digested with HindIII or EcoRI using rat CYP1A1cDNA clone as the probe. Positive signals were detected in 55 and 52 species following digestion with HindIII or EcoRI, respectively. Most of these signals presented as a single band in each plant, and as many as seven bands were detected in a tetraploid potato cultivar. Using potato, fig and green perilla, Southern analysis with 17 restriction enzymes lacking restriction sites in CYP1A1 cDNA were conducted to determine the copy number of CYP1A1 homologues in higher plants. It was speculated that the existence of a few copies of the DNA homologues to CYP1A1 in higher plants. Our results indicated that DNA homologues of CYP1A1 exist widely throughout the plant kingdom with maintaining high homology to those of mammalian.継続後誌:近畿大学先端技術総合研究所紀要= Memoirs of Institute of Advanced Technology, Kinki University
近畿大学生物理工学研究所, 2000年, Memoirs of the Research Institute of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology Kinki University, 5 (5), 9 - 18, 英語記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
Mechanisms of herbicide resistance include modified target site, enhanced detoxification, and alterations in the uptake, translocation, or compartmentalization of the chemical. Triazine resistance, one of the most prevalent types of herbicide resistance found in weeds, is due to a modification at the target site, the D1 protein of photosystem II: in chloroplasts. The phenylurea herbicide chlortoluron is metabolized in wheat and barley via ring-methyl hydroxylation and N-demethylation. Resistance of these crops to the herbicide has been attributed largely to ring-methyl hydroxylation probably catalized by cytochrome P450. When P4501A1/yeast reductase fused enzyme was placed in tobacco plants, the transgenic plants showed resistance to chlortoluron and metabolized it more rapidly than did control plants, mainly via ring-methyl hydroxylation as well as N-demethylation. When mt P4501A1 and its fused enzyme with yeast reductase were each expressed in potato plants, both transgenic plants showed resistance to the herbicides chlortoluron and DCMU. Since mammals contain a large number of P450 species with overlapping broad substrate-specificity towards xenobiotics, expression of each of these species in plants seems to produce transgenic plants not only resistant to herbicides but also enhanced in metabolism of various environmental contaminants.
I O S PRESS, 1998年, PESTICIDES AND THE FUTURE, 2 245-252, 245 - 252, 英語記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze oxidative reactions in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites as well as in metabolism of xenobiotics in higher plants. The enzyme system localized on the microsomes of plant cells consists of many cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) species and one or a few species of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450 reductase). Particularly, P450 species metabolizing herbicides play an important role in r herbicide selectivity and resistance. However, molecular information on plant species metabolizing herbicides was quite limited. It was found that tobacco cultured S401 cells treated with 2,4-D metabolized chlortoluron to give ring-methyl hydroxylated and N-demethylated metabolites. Then, we cloned P450 cDNAs from the S401 cells treated with 2,4-D by RT-PCR methods. Among four novel P450 cDNA clones, CYP7IA11 and CYP81B2 were each expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and were found to catalyze both ring-methyl hydroxylation and N-demethylation of chlortoluron, and ring-methylhydroxylation, respectively. It was also found that several mammalian P450 species including human P4501A1 metabolized chlortoluron through ring-methyl hydroxylation and N-dimethylation, and atrazine through N-dealkylation. When rat P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and its fused enzyme with yeast P450 reductase were each expressed in potato and tobacco plants, respectively, both transgenic plants showed resistance to the herbicides chlortoluron. Expression of a mammalian P450 species with overlapping broad substrate-specificity towards xenobiotics in plants seems to produce transgenic plants not only resistant to herbicides but also enhanced in metabolism of various environmental contaminants.
DIAGNOSIS PRESS LTD, 1998年, BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT, 12 (2), 17 - 22, 英語記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
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