研究者紹介システム
| 石井 弘明 |  |
| イシイ ヒロアキ | |
| 大学院農学研究科 資源生命科学専攻 | |
| 准教授 | |
| 林学関係 |
研究者情報
所属
【主配置】
大学院農学研究科 資源生命科学専攻【配置】
農学部 資源生命科学科
学位
研究シーズ
研究シーズ紹介サイトへのリンク授業科目
- 人間活動と地球生態系, 国際教養教育院, 2021
- 特定課題演習 I-1, 大学院農学研究科, 2021
- 課題開発演習, 大学院農学研究科, 2021
- 資源生命科学プレゼンテーション演習Ⅰ（オーラル・ペーパー）, 大学院農学研究科, 2021
- 特定課題演習 II-1, 大学院農学研究科, 2021
- 特定課題演習Ⅰ－２, 大学院農学研究科, 2021
- 特定課題演習 I-2, 大学院農学研究科, 2021
- 資源生命科学プレゼンテーション演習Ⅱ（オーラル・ペーパー）, 大学院農学研究科, 2021
- 特定課題演習 II-2, 大学院農学研究科, 2021
- 森林・緑地環境学 B, 大学院農学研究科, 2021
- 資源植物開発論, 大学院農学研究科, 2021
- 高度教養セミナー農学部応用植物学入門, 農学部, 2021
- 高度教養セミナー農学部応用植物学入門, 農学部, 2021
- 高度教養セミナー農学部応用植物学, 農学部, 2021
- 卒業研究, 農学部, 2021
- 資源生命科学入門Ⅱ, 農学部, 2021
- 資源生命科学入門Ⅱ－１, 農学部, 2021
- 応用植物学専門実験 I, 農学部, 2021
- 森林生態学, 農学部, 2021
- 初年次セミナー（応用植物学コース）, 農学部, 2021
- 資源生命科学入門Ⅱ－２, 農学部, 2021
- 緑の保全, 農学部, 2021
- 緑の保全の探究, 農学部, 2021
- 植物資源学, 農学部, 2021
- 応用植物学基礎実験, 農学部, 2021
- 応用植物学専門実験 II, 農学部, 2021
- 樹木学, 農学部, 2021
- 樹木学１, 農学部, 2021
- 樹木学１, 農学部, 2021
- 森林環境学入門１, 農学部, 2021
- 公園・緑地環境学演習, 農学部, 2021
- 樹木学２, 農学部, 2021
- 樹木学２, 農学部, 2021
- 森林環境学入門２, 農学部, 2021
ミニ講義
ジャンル
コメントテーマ
研究ニュース
研究活動
研究キーワード
研究分野
委員歴
- 2021年01月 - 現在, Forests誌, 編集委員
- 2019年10月 - 現在, 西宮市教育委員会, 文化財審議委員（天然記念物担当）
- 2019年09月 - 現在, Trees: Structure and Function, 編集委員
- 2016年09月 - 現在, Tree Physiology, 編集委員
- 2012年01月 - 現在, Ecological Research, 編集委員
- 日本生態学会, 近畿地区委員
受賞
2019年11月 日本樹木医学会, 学生ポスター賞, 都市林における外来樹木トウネズミモチと在来種の分布パターン
2019年09月 日本緑化工学会, 学生ポスター賞, クスノキの乾燥耐性に寄与する木部細胞
2019年03月 日本生態学会, 優秀ポスター賞（生理生態部門）, クスノキ老大木の通水構造（2） 老木と成木の通水構造の比較
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2019年03月 日本森林学会, 130回森林学会大会学生ポスター賞, ポスター発表
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2018年04月 International Congress of the East Asian Federation of Ecological Societies, Best Poster Award, Height-related changes in hydraulic structure of old Cinnamomum camphora: trade-off between hydraulic conductivity and safety
日本国国際学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2017年09月 日本緑化工学会, 学生ポスター賞, ビル風による都市緑化樹の衰退要因の解明
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2016年11月 地域政策研究会, 第１回貝原俊民美しい兵庫づくり賞, 西宮神社えびすの森における住民参加による生態系の保全と復元
全国ではじめて市民参加による社叢林保全の仕組みを構築したことによる地域貢献, 日本国出版社・新聞社・財団等の賞
2016年03月 日本森林学会, 日本森林学会賞, 高木の樹高成長制限に関する生理生態学的研究
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2015年09月 日本緑化工学会, 第４５回日本緑化工学会 最優秀ポスター賞（学術交流部門）, 施工後35年が経過した緑化地における木本群落回復の定量的評価
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2015年03月 日本森林学会, 第126回 日本森林学会大会 優秀ポスター賞, 最大樹高に達した異樹齢アカマツにおける葉の生理特性の比較
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2014年03月 日本生態学会, 第61回 日本生態学会大会 優秀ポスター賞, 秋田スギの梢端葉の水ストレスは貯水機能によって改善される？
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2013年09月 日本緑化工学会, 第23回 日本緑化工学会森林学会大会 最優秀ポスター賞, 神戸層群における天然林再生を目的とした法面緑化：10年後の経過報告
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2012年09月 日本緑化工学会、景観生態学会、生態工学会, 第2回 Ecology, Landscape, and Restoration合同学会 最優秀ポスター賞, 強度剪定後の緑化樹木の回復過程の研究
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2012年03月 日本生態学会, 日本生態学会大島賞, 石井弘明
2011年12月 日本生態学会 近畿支部, 日本生態学会近畿地区会 大会奨励賞, 樹上100ｍの水ストレス？セコイアメスギの葉の水分生理特性
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2008年11月 日本農学会, 農学進歩賞, 森林の光合成・炭素固定促進を目的とした樹木生理学的研究
2007年04月 日本森林学会, 日本森林学会奨励賞, Exploiring the relationships among canopy structure, productivity and biodiversity of temperate forest ecosystems
論文
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022年01月, Plant Ecology, 223 (1), 99 - 112
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021年08月14日, Landscape and Ecological Engineering
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Informa {UK} Limited, 2020年09月02日, Journal of Forest Research, 1 - 10
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Wiley, 2020年05月18日, Ecological Research
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
スギ品種の生育に遺伝子型と表現型可塑性が及ぼす影響を評価するために，九州大学，宮崎大学，鹿児島大学，愛媛大学演習林の５つのサイト（粕屋，田野，椎葉，高隈，米野々）に共通圃場が設定された。今回はクモトオシ，ヤイチ，オビアカ，ヤブクグリ，メアサ，アヤスギの植栽後45年での地上部成長の違いについて報告する。全てのサイトで早生型の品種は晩成型の品種よりも立木サイズが大きかった。斜面上部から下部に向かっての樹高の増加は全ての品種で見られた。品種間の成長の違いは，成長が良いサイトで大きかったことから，立地の良くない林地では，早生型の優位性が発揮されにくいことが示唆された。各品種のサイト間での成長の差を地域スケールでの可塑性とし，斜面位置による成長の差を地形スケールでの可塑性をとして評価すると，成長の良い品種はどちらのスケールでも可塑性が大きかった。地上部サイズと立木密度の間に負の相関が見られない品種やサイトがあった。枯死などで生じた林冠ギャップを十分に埋めることが出来ていないと考えられた。これらのことから品種の長期的な評価では樹病や撹乱に対する脆弱性などの形質も考慮に入れる必要があると考えられた。
日本森林学会, 2020年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 131 (0), 722 - 722, 日本語We compared acclimation potential of three native, evergreen tree species to wind-exposure in an urban greenroof environment. One year after planting on the green roof, Machilus thunbergii retained all leaves and produced new leaves. In contrast, Fraxinus griffithii, and Quercus myrsinifolia shed all leaves but produced more new leaves than the previous year. After two years, current-year leaves of all three species had acclimated hydraulically (lower osmotic potentials at saturation and turgor loss) to wind-induced water stress and leaf number increased to four to eight times the initial amount. When trees were exposed to simulated winds in a greenhouse experiment, osmotic adjustment was observed for current-year leaves of M. thunbergii, whereas leaves of F. griffithii and Q. myrsinifolia had hydraulic traits more vulnerable to wind-induced water stress (higher osmotic potential and relative water content at turgor loss). We inferred that, M. thunbergii invests in hydraulic acclimation to retain current-year leaves in response to increased wind, whereas F. griffithii and Q. myrsinifolia allocate resources to new leaf production. Our results suggest both strategies achieve tree-level acclimation to wind exposure.
ELSEVIER GMBH, 2019年07月, URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING, 43, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Because tree size and age co-vary, it is difficult to separate their effects on growth and physiological function. To infer causes for age-related height-growth decline, we compared various leaf traits between mature (ca. 100years) and old (ca. 300years) trees of Pinus densiflora, having similar heights (ca. 30m) and growing in the same stand. For many leaf traits, mature and old trees showed similar height-related trends reflecting acclimation to height-related hydraulic limitation for maintaining photosynthetic and hydraulic homeostasis. Photosynthetic capacity was constant within crowns of both age-classes, though 4.9-5.4mol CO2 m(-2)s(-1) lower for old than for mature trees. Biochemical acclimation of photosynthesis, allocating more nitrogen to treetop leaves, was observed only for mature trees. Leaf turgor loss point was also constant within crowns of both age-classes with no significant effect of age on leaf hydraulic traits. In mature trees, leaf capacitance increased, while bulk tissue elastic modulus decreased with height, whereas opposite height-related trends were observed for old trees. For both age-classes, leaf mass per area (LMA), transfusion-tissue area, and xylem area all increased with height, but LMA was ca. 30gm(-2) greater for old than for mature trees. In old trees, mesophyll area decreased with height, suggesting anatomical acclimation to height may negatively affect photosynthetic capacity. We inferred that old trees rely more on morphological than biochemical acclimation and that such post-maturational shift in resource allocation could underlie height-growth decline of P. densiflora after reproductive maturity.
SPRINGER, 2019年02月, Oecologia, 189 (2), 317 - 328, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
樹木は固着性で長寿であり、分布移動および適応速度が遅いため、気候変動に対して個体レベルで可塑的に順化しなければならない。よって気候変動が森林樹木の分布や動態に与える影響を予測するためには、個体の可塑性とその地理的変異を把握する必要がある。本研究では、国内13か所のブナ集団において、葉の形態の個体内変異（ILP: intra-crown leaf plasticity）を測定し、可塑性の指標とした。ILPは太平洋側および西日本の集団で低く、日本海側および北限・標高限界付近の集団で高かった。ILPは気温との相関が高く、とくに気温の変動幅と強い相関を示したことから、北限・標高限界などブナが分布拡大しつつある環境変動の大きい地域では、形態的可塑性が適応的であると考えられる。一方、孤立集団を含む西日本のブナは、環境変動に対する個体レベルの順化能力が低いと考えられ、気候変動による生育環境の変化が個体の順化能力を超えた場合、大量枯死によって集団が消滅する恐れがある。
Elsevier, 2018年12月, Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 437 - 448, 英語[査読有り]
樹木は樹齢が高くサイズが大きいほど枝葉までの通水経路が長くなる上，年々増加する枝の分岐や節数により水分通道度が低下する。樹木の道管直径が高さに伴い連続的に細くなる現象 （tapering）は，高木の樹高成長に伴う水分通道度の低下を補償すると考えられている。本研究では樹高約25 m，樹齢約100 年のクスノキ（Cinnamomum camphora）の木部の組織構造を異なる高さで比較し，木部構造の変化に対する高さの効果を調査した。道管直径（D）は樹幹下部より上部で小さく，道管密度は樹幹上部の方が高かった。各年輪内においてD は早材から晩材にかけて季節の変化に伴って小さくなったが，その減少のしかたは，高さによらず一定であった。また道管直径から算出した木部断面積当たりの水分通道度は樹幹上部で下部より著しく低く，これには樹幹上部に直径250 μm 以上の道管が殆ど存在しない事が寄与していた。本研究で観察された木部の組織構造の垂直的変化は，老大木の個体内における通水効率の維持や通水制限の緩和に寄与していると考えられる。
応用森林学会, 2018年08月, 森林応用研究 = Applied forest science, 27 (2), 9 - 15, 英語We assessed whether forest restoration was successful in Expo ’70 Commemorative Park in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, which was planted in the 1970s with native late-successional tree species. Detailed survey and analysis of species composition, stand vertical stratification, and forest dynamics, including comparison with a reference, natural late-successional forest, were conducted. The restoration plots had grown to larger basal area compared with the reference plots, however, this was a consequence of very high densities of the overstory trees due to low self-thinning rate. Stand vertical structure of the restoration plots was biased toward overstory layers, causing high mortality of understory trees and shrubs. Because there are no mature forests near the restoration site that could act as a seed source, abundance and diversity of understory trees are likely to continue decreasing in the restoration plots, resulting in single-layered forest structure similar to those of monocultures and even-aged forests. Many seedlings of exotic species emerged in the restoration plots and this could lead to a plagiosere where exotic species dominate the vegetation inhibiting regeneration and growth of native species. Ordination analysis using different measures, basal area and abundance, showed apparently contradicting results, suggesting that multiple criteria are needed to evaluate forest restoration success. Our results indicate restoration of mature, late-successional forest cannot be achieved by simultaneous planting of native species. To sustain urban forests into the future, we must conduct long-term monitoring and management referencing natural forest structure and dynamics.
Elsevier GmbH, 2018年05月01日, Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 32, 123 - 132, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Trees retained during green-tree retention forestry are expected to function as biological legacies that promote biodiversity and enhance ecosystem functions in plantation forests. Investigating how historically retained trees function as biological legacies could help predict the long-term ecological potential of current retention practices. Here, we investigated whether large, retained trees of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (> 1000 years old) functioned as refugia for persistence of canopy woody plants after logging in a 350-year-old secondary forest in Yakushima, southern Japan. We climbed five each of retained and regenerated trees in a 1-ha research plot, measured trunk and crown structures, and tagged and measured every woody plant stem found on each tree. Compared to regenerated trees, retained trees had twice the surface area available for canopy plant colonization. Moreover, retained trees hosted disproportionately greater abundance of canopy woody plants. Together, the five retained trees hosted 22 species of woody plants comprising 1188 individuals, whereas regenerated trees hosted only 8 species (37 individuals). Combined with our ground-based measurement, canopy woody species contributed 16% of all woody plant species in the plot. Among the five retained trees, woody plant abundance increased markedly with increasing age of trunk breaks. This was because numerous epicormic branches had sprouted below trunk breaks creating large surface area upon which arboreal soil accumulated and woody plants established. Canopy woody plants on retained trees showed wide vertical distribution corresponding to complex crown structure, whereas those on regenerated trees occurred almost exclusively on the lower trunk. Maximum stem size of canopy woody plants was constrained by the volume of arboreal soil upon which they grew. Based on their size structures, we inferred that three species endemic to Yakushima (Vacciniwn yakushimense Makino., Viburnum urceolatwn Sieb. et Zucc., and Rhododendron yakushimanum Nakai), maintain stable populations in the retained trees by sprouting. Several other species scarcely found on the ground were also regenerating in the canopy. Our results demonstrate that retained trees of Cryptomeria functioned as refugia allowing canopy woody plants to persist after logging and give support to the importance of conserving large trees for enhancing biodiversity in forests where canopy plants contribute to species diversity.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018年02月, Forest Ecology and Management, 409, 457 - 467, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Recent studies in the tallest tree species suggest that physiological and anatomical traits of tree-top leaves are adapted to water-limited conditions. In order to examine water retention mechanism of leaves in a tall tree, infrared (IR) micro-spectroscopy was conducted on mature leaf cross-sections of tall Cryptomeria japonica D. Don from four different heights (51, 43, 31 and 19 m). We measured IR transmission spectra and mainly analyzed OH (3700-3000 cm(-1)) and C-O (1190-845 cm(-1)) absorption bands, indicating water molecules and sugar groups, respectively. The changes in IR spectra of leaf sections from different heights were compared with bulk-leaf hydraulics. Both average OH band area of the leaf sections and leaf water content were larger in the upper-crown, while osmotic potential at saturation did not vary with height, suggesting higher dissolved sugar contents of upper-crown leaves. As cell-wall is the main cellular structure of leaves, we inferred that larger average C-O band area of upper-crown leaves reflected higher content of structural polysaccharides such as cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Infrared micro-spectroscopic imaging showed that the OH and C-O band areas are large in the vascular bundle, transfusion tissue and epidermis. Infrared spectra of individual tissue showed that much more water is retained in vascular bundle and transfusion tissue than mesophyll. These results demonstrate that IR micro-spectroscopy is a powerful tool for visualizing detailed, quantitative information on the spatial distribution of chemical substances within plant tissues, which cannot be done using conventional methods like histochemical staining. The OH band could be well reproduced by four Gaussian OH components around 3530 (free water: long H bond), 3410 (pectin-like OH species), 3310 (cellulose-like OH species) and 3210 (bound water: short H bond) cm(-1), and all of these OH components were higher in the upper crown while their relative proportions did not vary with height. Based on the spectral analyses, we inferred that polysaccharides play a key role in biomolecular retention of water in leaves of tall C. japonica.
Oxford University Press, 2017年10月, Tree Physiology, 37 (10), 1367 - 1378, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Cupressoid (scale-like) leaves are morphologically and functionally intermediate between stems and leaves. While past studies on height acclimation of cupressoid leaves have focused on acclimation to the vertical light gradient, the relationship between morphology and hydraulic function remains unexplored. Here, we compared physiological and morphological characteristics between treetop and lower-crown leaves of 100-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. trees (similar to 27 m tall) to investigate whether height-acclimation compensates for hydraulic constraints. We found that physiological acclimation of leaves was determined by light, which drove the vertical gradient of evaporative demand, while leaf morphology and anatomy were determined by height. Compared with lower-crown leaves, treetop leaves were physiologically acclimated to water stress. Leaf hydraulic conductance was not affected by height, and this contributed to higher photosynthetic rates of treetop leaves. Treetop leaves had higher leaf area density and greater leaf mass per area, which increase light interception but could also decrease hydraulic efficiency. We inferred that transfusion tissue flanking the leaf vein, which was more developed in the treetop leaves, contributes to water-stress acclimation and maintenance of leaf hydraulic conductance by facilitating osmotic adjustment of leaf water potential and efficient water transport from xylem to mesophyll. Our findings may represent anatomical adaptation that compensates for hydraulic constraints on physiological function with increasing height.
OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2017年10月, Tree Physiology, 37 (10), 1327 - 1336, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Compared with stem water storage, leaf water storage is understudied although it may be important for alleviating water stress by contributing quickly and directly to transpiration demand. To quantify the relative contribution of stem versus leaf water storage to daily water deficit, we measured diurnal changes in transpiration rate, sap-flow velocity and stem radius of 10-year-old Cryptomeria japonica D. Don trees. We assumed that the duration of time lags between transpiration rate and sap-flow velocity reflected stored water in the stem and leaf, and that stem volume change represented water content of elastic tissue. The relationship between fresh mass and water potential of the whole tree indicated that the study trees had capacity to store, on average, 91.4 ml of water per kg fresh mass at turgor loss. Leaves, sapwood and elastic tissue contributed around 51%, 29% and 20% of stored water, respectively. During morning, transpiration rates were higher than sap-flow velocity suggesting depletion of stored water. During the first 2 h after onset of transpiration, stored water contributed more than 100% of whole-tree transpiration. Depletion of leaf water (P-Leaf) and sapwood water (P-Sap) coincided with the onset of transpiration and became maximum around 15:00 h. Depletion of elastic tissue water (P-Elastic) lagged behind that of P-Leaf and P-Sap by 1-2 h, indicating that replenishment of stored water occurs late in the day when low leaf water potentials resulting from daytime transpiration drive water uptake. Maximum depletion of P-Leaf was about 1-3 times and 5-10 times that of P-Sap and P-Elastic, respectively. The contribution of P-Leaf to total daily transpiration was 5-8%, while those of P-Sap and P-Elastic were 3-4% and 0.7-1%, respectively. Our results suggest the importance of leaf water storage in maintaining daily transpiration in young C. japonica trees.
OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2017年10月, TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 37 (10), 1394 - 1403, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- RESPONSE OF A CLONAL TEAK PLANTATION TO THINNING AND PRUNING IN JAVA, INDONESIA
Over the last decade, there has been a shortage of teak (Tectona grandis) timber supply in Indonesia, which cannot be fulfilled by the current rate of production. Genetic improvement has produced two promising clones, but the performance of the clones in degraded lands, where most new plantations are established, is still to be tested. The study shows initial results from a pilot forest of the clones established on degraded limestone soil in Java Island, where various thinning (0, 25 and 50% of trees) and pruning (1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 of the crown) treatments were applied four years after planting. Light levels inside the stands increased with increasing levels of thinning and pruning. Diameter growth increased with thinning intensity, especially in the first year, whereas the effect of pruning was undetectable after three years. Although standing stock in the thinned stands did not recover to pre-thinning levels in three years, cumulative production ( standing stock plus harvested timber) was highest for the heaviest thinning treatment. Initial high growth rate after thinning could not be maintained due to poor soil condition. Fast growth may have induced canopy closure and crown competition among the residual trees. The results suggest that, in clonal teak plantations on degraded soils, short-rotation commercial thinning could maintain growth rates and provide income for the tree growers.
FOREST RESEARCH INST MALAYSIA, 2017年, JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE, 29 (1), 44 - 53, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Large trees are the most prominent structural features of old-growth forests, which are considered to be globally important carbon sinks. Because of their large size, estimates of biomass and growth of large trees are often based on ground-level measurements (e.g., diameter at breast height, DBH) and little is known about growth dynamics within the crown. As trees increase in size, growth of the crown may not be reflected in DBH measurements contributing to inaccuracy of aboveground forest productivity. Here we present data from a 10-yr re-measurement of crown structure and branch/trunk growth of 400-year-old Pseudotsuga menziesii trees in an old-growth forest in western Washington, USA. In six study trees, 40-60% of branches occurred in the upper third of the live crown. Branch mortality over 10 years was highest in the lower third of the crown. Of live-branch mass (including leaf mass), 41-78% occurred in the middle third of the live crown. During the study period, live-branch mass increased in the upper half of the crown and there was little loss due to fragmentation or death. In contrast, increment of live-branch mass was negligible and live-branch mass decreased in the lower half of the crown. On average, 70-99% of the increment of live-branch mass per tree occurred in the upper half of the crown. Core samples taken from various heights indicatedthat trunks became less tapered with increasing age as a result of greater increments of upper-trunk radius during the most recent 10 years. Increment of live branch mass contributed 42 and 66% of the whole-tree and upper-crown increments of mass, respectively, and its vertical distribution corresponded to that of leaf mass density. Increments of trunk mass contributed 88% of the lower-crown increment. Growth increments of the crown were not reflected in core samples taken at lower heights. Our estimates of trunk, branch, and leaf mass were consistently smaller than those calculated using empirical allometric equations based on tape-wrap measurements of DBH. Moreover, leaf mass decreased in four trees, whereas allometric equations predicted increases. Our results indicate that large P. menziesii trees can sustain wood mass production, especially in trunk and branches of the upper crown, while leaf mass change can be more dynamic, and that such growth dynamics of the crown are difficult to detect via DBH-based measurements. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017年01月, Forest Ecology and Management, 384, 157 - 168, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
高木における水輸送は，長距離輸送によって生じる通水抵抗に加えて，重力による静水圧の影響を受けるため，梢端部では生理機能や形態形成が抑制され，樹高成長が制限されると考えられてきた。木部の水透過性は力学的支持や水ストレス耐性と機能的トレードオフ関係にあるだけでなく，気孔からのCO2 吸収制限や物質配分を介して光合成生産にも影響する。光資源が豊富な梢端部では高い光合成生産が期待できるため，水分通道制限に対する適応・順化・補償メカニズムの存在が示唆されてきた。近年の研究から，高い水透過性と水ストレス耐性を実現する木部細胞の構造や，高さに対する様々な適応・順化反応，水分通道制限を補償する貯水機能など，新たな知見が明らかになった。さらに，個体内の通水構造が可塑的に変異すること，木部の水透過性が短期的に変化することが明らかになった。その結果，高木の通水構造は，抵抗だけが連なった単純な回路ではなく，ブレーカーのような安全装置やコンデンサーのような貯留装置などを含む複雑な水輸送経路であることがわかってきた。更なる研究の発展により，高木の通水構造の全体像が明らかになり，総合的な理解が進むことが期待される。
日本森林学会, 2017年, 日本森林学会誌, 99 (2), 74 - 83, 日本語- Springer Verlag, 2016年06月01日, Trees - Structure and Function, 30 (3), 1019, 英語
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Springer, 2016年06月, Trees: Structure and Function, 30 (3), 1019 - 1019, 英語
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 社叢学会, 2016年03月, 社叢学研究, 14, 19 - 24, 日本語西宮神社社叢における江戸後期からの植生変化
The tallest trees of Cryptomeria japonica occur in climatic regions similar to the world's tallest trees. We hypothesized that tall C. japonica trees would have evolved adaptive mechanisms to overcome height growth limitation. Here, we focused on foliar water storage, a mechanism recently discovered in Sequoia sempervirens. In C. japonica, leaf water potential at turgor loss did not change with height or light availability, while leaf hydraulic capacitance and succulence (water content per leaf surface area) increased, suggesting hydraulic compensation. Plasticity of leaf morphology could contribute to avoiding negative effects of height on photosynthesis. We also focused on the structure and function of transfusion tissue in leaves and its role in water storage and supply. Cross-sectional area of transfusion tissue increased with height, whereas that of xylem was constant. We confirmed that water flowed from vascular bundle to mesophyll via the transfusion tissue. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy images of leaf cross sections showed that transfusion cells were flattened, but not fully dehydrated when leaf water potential decreased in situ and by experimental dehydration, and cell deformation was more marked for treetop leaves than for lower-crown leaves. The shape of transfusion cells recovered at predawn as well as after experimental rehydration. As in S. sempervirens, transfusion tissue of C. japonica may function as a hydraulic buffer, absorbing and releasing water according to leaf water status. Anatomical and hydraulic properties contributing to foliar water storage may be an adaptive mechanism acquired by tall Cupressaceae trees to overcome the hydraulic constraints on physiological function with increasing height.
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2016年02月, TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, 30 (1), 141 - 152, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
To evaluate the effectiveness of active management on ecological restoration of urban forest fragments, we investigated recovery of the native vegetation in an urban shrine forest in central Japan after complete removal of the invasive warm-temperate palm, Trachycarpus fortunei Wendl. Nine years after removal, stand density and basal area of the remaining tree species had recovered to pre-removal values. Number and basal area of native evergreen trees, such as Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb. and Ficus erectus Thunb., had increased, especially in the lowest canopy layer where T. fortunei had dominated. As a result, species composition of the shrub layer shifted from dominance by single invasive species (T. fortunei) to multiple native species. However, exotic species and escaped ornamentals, such as Lingustrum lucidum Ait. and Euronymus japonicus Thunb., had also increased, especially in the forest edge. Our results indicate that removal of invasive species contributes to recovery of native vegetation. However, to maintain near natural conditions considered ideal for shrine forests, continuous monitoring and management will be needed to prevent invasion by exotic and ornamental species. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, 2016年, URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING, 15, 53 - 57, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
The larvae of Japanese gypsy moth (JGM, Lymantria dispar japonica) are highly polyphagous and considered a serious pest that cause significant ecological and economic losses in forests. Monitoring of egg masses is important to prevent large outbreaks of JGM from occurring in their native range. To investigate oviposition site selection by JGM, we analyzed the occurrence and spatial distribution of egg masses across various evergreen tree species within a secondary forest dominated by evergreen broad-leaved trees in western Japan, following a large outbreak. Egg masses were concentrated on the abaxial surfaces of the leaves of a few evergreen tree species. There was a strong preference for Camellia japonica L., on which more than 75% of the egg masses were found. Egg masses were only found on evergreen tree species with large leaves (leaf area >10 cm(2) and leaf dry mass >0.1 g). The spatial distribution of egg masses were clustered at scales around 1-2 m. For effective monitoring of JGM egg masses in warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests of Japan, the abaxial surfaces of the most abundant evergreen broadleaved trees with large leaves should be checked. If egg masses are found, it is likely that nearby trees of the same species will also have egg masses. Large trees should be checked thoroughly for occurrence of multiple egg masses.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016年, FOREST SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 12 (3), 130 - 136, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
To evaluate the effectiveness of active management on ecological restoration of urban forest fragments, we investigated recovery of the native vegetation in an urban shrine forest in central Japan after complete removal of the invasive warm-temperate palm, Trachycarpus fortunei Wendl. Nine years after removal, stand density and basal area of the remaining tree species had recovered to pre-removal values. Number and basal area of native evergreen trees, such as Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb. and Ficus erectus Thunb., had increased, especially in the lowest canopy layer where T. fortunei had dominated. As a result, species composition of the shrub layer shifted from dominance by single invasive species (T. fortunei) to multiple native species. However, exotic species and escaped ornamentals, such as Lingustrum lucidum Ait. and Euronymus japonicus Thunb., had also increased, especially in the forest edge. Our results indicate that removal of invasive species contributes to recovery of native vegetation. However, to maintain near natural conditions considered ideal for shrine forests, continuous monitoring and management will be needed to prevent invasion by exotic and ornamental species. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, 2016年, URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING, 15, 53 - 57, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Soil N fertility has an effect on belowground C allocation, but the physiological and morphological responses of individual fine root segments to variations in N availability under field conditions are still unclear. In this study, the direction and magnitude of the physiological and morphological function of fine roots in response to variable in situ soil N fertility in a forest site were determined. We measured the specific root respiration (Rr) rate, N concentration and morphology of fine root segments with 1–3 branching orders in a 100-year-old coniferous forest of Chamaecyparis obtusa. Higher soil N fertility induced higher Rr rates, root N concentration, and specific root length (SRL), and lower root tissue density (RTD). In all fertility levels, the Rr rates were significantly correlated positively with root N and SRL and negatively with RTD. The regression slopes of respiration with root N and RTD were significantly higher along the soil N fertility gradient. Although no differences in the slopes of Rr and SRL relationship were found across the levels, there were significant shifts in the intercept along the common slope. These results suggest that a contrasting pattern in intraspecific relationships between specific Rr and N, RTD, and SRL exists among soils with different N fertility. Consequently, substantial increases in soil N fertility would exert positive effects on organ-scale root performance by covarying the Rr, root N, and morphology for their potential nutrient and water uptake.
Springer Verlag, 2015年08月09日, Oecologia, 179 (4), 959 - 967, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2015年03月, Applied Forest Science, 24 (1), 15 - 20, 英語Evaluation of a natural forest restoration project in Kobe City, Japan ten years after planting
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Fire is a natural component of vegetation dynamics in boreal forests. However, in Far East Russia,socio-economic changes following the dissolution of the Soviet Union have resulted in increased incidences ofhuman-caused forest fires. Here,we compared the species composition and stand structure among three foreststands at various stages of recovery after fires in Central Kamchatka, to infer how intraspecific differences inregeneration strategies and subsequent patterns of survival affect post-fire forest succession. At 2 years aftera fire, sprouted stems of Populus tremula and Betula platyphylla were clustered according to their modes ofsprouting;root suckers at the 3-m scale, and stump sprouts at the 0.5-m scale, respectively. At 40 years aftera fire,stems of Larix cajanderi originating from seeds were clustered at an 8-m scale. At 200 years after a fire,clumps of B. platyphylla and L. cajanderi were both randomly distributed and the clumps of B. platyphylla weremaintained by sprouting. Bray-Curtis ordination analyses suggested that there may be multiple pathways ofpost-fire succession depending on the relative survival rates of P. tremula and B. platyphylla. If fire-returnintervals become shorter in Central Kamchatka because of more frequent human-caused fires,the population sizeof L. cajanderi will decrease and early successional forests comprising P. tremula and B. platyphylla will dominatethe landscape. On the other hand,if fires are suppressed,late-successional forests comprising L. cajanderiand B. platyphylla will dominate the landscape.北方林において森林火災は重要な自然かく乱であるが, 極東ロシアにおいては, ソ連邦崩壊後の社会経済情勢に変化により, 人為的な森林火災が増加している. 本研究では, カムチャッカ半島中央部において火災後の植生回復年数が異なる３か所の林分で調査を行い, 構成種による生存率と更新様式の違いが火災後の植生遷移にどのように影響するかを考察した. 火災後２年目の林分では, Populustremula とBetula platyphylla がそれぞれの更新様式（根萌芽および幹萌芽）に応じて, 3m および0.5m のスケールで集中分布していた. 火災後40年目の林分では, 種子由来のLarix cajanderi が8m のスケールで集中分布していた. 火災後200年目の林分では, B. platyphylla の株とL. cajanderiがともにランダム分布しており, B. platyphylla の萌芽は個体群の更新・成長ではなく株の維持を担っていた. Bray-Curtis法による解析の結果から, 火災後のP. tremula およびB. platyphylla の相対的な生存率の違いによって, 二次遷移の方向性が異なる可能性が示唆された. 今後, カムチャッカ半島において人為による火災頻度が高くなれば, P. tremula およびB. platyphylla が優占する遷移初期の森林が拡大し, L. cajanderi の個体群は減少すると考えられる. 一方, 火災が抑制されれば, L.cajanderi およびB. platyphylla が優占する遷移後期林が拡大するだろう.
北海道大学低温科学研究所, 2015年, 低温科学, 73, 1 - 6, 英語To integrate human-disturbed hillslopes with the regional landscape, natural forest restoration has become an important objective of hillslope re-vegetation in Japan. At Kobe Municipal Sports Park (KMSP), seedlings of native species were planted in 1980 to restore semi-natural secondary forest (satoyama) in an urban setting. Here, we present 21 years of stand dynamics based on vegetation surveys conducted in 1992, 2000, and 2013 in two research plots (control and managed) at KMSP in relation to a reference forest to evaluate management effects and restoration success. Total basal area continued to increase in both the plots, but diameter-growth decreased in the control plot, whereas it continued to increase in the managed plot, which had been thinned by volunteers. In the control plot, which was planted at higher initial density than the managed plot, Quercus phillyraeoides (evergreen, mid-canopy tree) dominated the single-layered canopy and vertical development was delayed. In the managed plot, Quercus serrata (deciduous, canopy tree) dominated the upper canopy layer and evergreen broadleaved trees dominated the mid- to lower-canopy layers, resulting in a vertically well-developed canopy similar to the reference forest. The basal area of Robinia pseudoacacia decreased due to shading by evergreen trees, whereas that of Nerium oleander, an exotic species, had increased in the control plot. Ordination results indicated that vegetation of the control plot was diverging away from the reference forest, whereas thinning had directed the managed plot toward it. Our results confirm that simultaneously planting seedlings of native species does not lead to natural forest stand structure. In the future, adaptive management, such as periodic thinning, removal of shade-tolerant, exotic species and enrichment planting of native species, will be needed to integrate forest restoration sites with the surrounding mid-successional, secondary forest. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, 2015年, URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING, 14 (2), 309 - 314, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
1. 樹上に着生する木本植物の種組成と群落構造を定量的に明らかにするために，屋久島の針広混交林において，江戸時代の伐採後に更新したスギ（更新木）および伐採されなかったスギ（残存木）各1 個体にロープをかけ登り，直接測定による調査を行った．
植生学会, 2015年, 植生学会誌, 32 (1), 57 - 63, 日本語
2. 更新木には計4 種8 個体の木本植物しか着生していなかったが，残存木には計12 種391 個体が着生していた．
3. 残存木の樹上において，サクラツツジは幹の下部に多く着生しており，アクシバモドキは樹冠下層中層，ナナカマドは樹冠上層，といった着生種の階層化がみられた．
4. 樹上で個体数の最も多かったアクシバモドキとナナカマドのサイズ構造はL 字型の頻度分布を示し，地上にはほとんど存在しなかったことから，樹上で自然更新していると考えられた．
5. 本調査地のように過去に伐採された森林においては，残存木が地上には存在しない種の逃避地の機能を果たし，森林の種多様性の豊かさに貢献している可能性があり，残存木を保護することによって，森林の種多様性保全に貢献できると考えられる．1. The constraint on vertical water transport is considered an important factor limiting height growth and maximum attainable height of trees. Here, we show evidence of foliar water storage as a mechanism that could partially compensate for this constraint in Sequoia sempervirens, the tallest species. 2. We measured hydraulic and morpho-anatomical characteristics of foliated shoots of tall S.sempervirens trees near the wet, northern and dry, southern limits of its geographic distribution in California, USA. 3. The ability to store water (hydraulic capacitance) and saturated water content (leaf succulence) of foliage both increased with height and light availability, maintaining tolerance of leaves to water stress (bulk-leaf water potential at turgor loss) constant relative to height. 4. Transverse-sectional area of water-storing, transfusion tissue in leaves increased with height, while the area of xylem tissue decreased, indicating increasing allocation to water storage and decreasing reliance on water transport from roots. 5. Treetop leaves of S.sempervirens absorb moisture via leaf surfaces and have potential to store more than five times the daily transpirational demand. Thus, foliar water storage may be an important adaptation that helps maintain physiological function of treetop leaves and hydraulic status of the crown, allowing this species to partially compensate for hydraulic constraints and sustain turgor for both photosynthesis and height growth.
British Ecological Society, 2014年10月, Functional Ecology, 28 (5), 1087 - 1093, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2014年04月30日, 樹木医学研究, 18 (2), 41 - 42, 日本語画像三次元化ソフトを利用した樹幹形の測定と診断
- Phenotypic plasticity and ecotypic variations in growth and flowering time of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) under different light and temperature conditions
Four ecotypes of A. thaliana (L) (Ct-1, Pf-0, Old-1 and Per-1) from low to high latitudes were grown under different light (300 mu mol photon m(-2)s(-1) and 150 mu mol photon m(-2)s(-1)) and temperature (22 and 14 C) conditions to investigate their effects on phenotypic plasticity and ecotypic variations in plant growth and first flowering time. The results suggest that in A. thaliana low temperature decreases both phenotypic plasticity and ecotypic variations in first flowering time and total dry matter at final harvest under different light intensities. Relative growth rate is the most stable parameter of A. thaliana that is hardly affected by ecotype (no effect), light (no effect) or temperature (small effect) and this may one of the reason why A. thaliana is widely distributed on earth as a result of adaptations to different environments.
NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR, 2014年04月, INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, 52 (4), 344 - 351, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
都市近郊の孤立林や放棄林ではしばしば偏向遷移が問題視されるが，遷移の方向は周辺の景観によって異なると考えられる。本研究では耕作地および照葉樹林（コジイ自然林およびウバメガシ二次林）に隣接する管理放棄された落葉広葉樹林（コナラ二次林）において，５年間の林分構造の変化および林縁効果を調べた。二次林では５年間で常緑樹の個体密度および胸高断面積合計が増加し，胸高直径の小さい落葉樹が枯死した。また，耕作地に面した林縁から林内に向かって，常緑樹のサイズ，個体密度および胸高断面積合計が大きくなり，落葉樹の枯死率が高くなった。進界木の多くは鳥散布型種であったが，半数以上が近接するコジイ自然林の構成種であり，定着パターンが林縁に集中していなかった。そして，緑化木や外来種の侵入はなかったことから，二次林は偏向遷移していないと考えられる。今後は林内から林縁に向かって常緑樹の拡大が進み，耐陰性の高い常緑広葉樹が低木層で増加し，近接する照葉樹林に類似した林分構造へ変化すると予想される。種子供給源となる成熟林が近隣に存在する景観内では，放棄された孤立林であっても偏向遷移が起きにくいと考えられる。
日本森林学会, 2014年, 日本森林学会誌, 96 (2), 75 - 82, 日本語近年のレーザーリモートセンシング技術（LiDAR）の発展により，近距離レーザーを用いた森林構造の詳細なデータを迅速かつ正確に取得できるようになった。これまでは航空機レーザーによる研究が圧倒的に多かったが，地上・車載型の近距離レーザーセンサーが身近に利用可能となり，森林構造計測に利用され始めている。航空機レーザーデータから林分レベルでの平均樹高，単木の梢端，樹冠範囲，樹冠単位での単木判別，成層構造，経年的樹高成長を把握できる。一方，地上レーザーを用いることで，幹を主体とした現存量や正確な立木密度が把握できるようになった。これまで手が届かなく測定不可能であった樹冠を森林の内部から測定でき，人的測定誤差の少ない客観的なデータを取得できる。レーザーデータは森林の光・水環境の推定，森林動態の予測，森林保全などといった生態学的研究に応用されてきた。今後は，生理機能の定量化，森林動態の広域・長期モニタリング，森林保全における環境評価手法など，様々な分野での利用拡大が期待される。樹木の形状や林分の現存量を正確に計測できるだけでなく，様々な生態現象を数値的に把握できるようになることを大いに期待したい。
日本森林学会, 2014年, 日本森林学会誌, 96 (3), 168 - 181, 日本語We conducted a study on the intercropping of mustard with four spice crops to evaluate whether intercropping is effective in suppressing the abundance of the mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.). Eight intercropping systems (various combinations of mustard with onion, garlic, coriander and ajwain) were compared with mustard monoculture as the control. At different stages of crop growth, aphid abundance was significantly suppressed in the mustard + two rows of coriander intercropping system, while the abundance of the predator, ladybird beetle, increased relative to the control. Among the intercropping systems, mustard + two rows of coriander recorded the highest mustard equivalent yield (2311.5kg/ha), gross return (US$1433.2/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (3.14:1.00), while these values were lowest for the control (987.5kg/ha, $612.3/ha, and 1.27:1.00, respectively).
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2013年10月, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT, 59 (4), 306 - 313, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Branch growth in Larix gmelinii was estimated by several methods. Sample trees were felled in Laoshan (northeastern China) and Sapporo (northern Japan). Estimates of the annual woody growth of branches calculated by the growth ratio of the cross-sectional area of each branch base were found to be lower compared with those calculated by a detailed method, in which branch growth was estimated by growth-ring analysis of radial segments in different age classes. A linear relationship was observed between the annual woody growth/whole branch mass ratio and the relative depth within the crown (RDC), where the distance between the treetop and crown base was set to 1.0. The total annual woody branch growth of each tree was estimated using this relationship by multiplying the ratio by the whole branch mass at a given RDC and adding the products from the treetop to the crown base. Alternative estimates were obtained using the total branch growth, defined as the annual woody growth plus leaf mass, and the 1 - RDC relationship. Estimates obtained by these methods were similar to those obtained by detailed growth-ring analysis of branches. Estimates obtained by the growth/mass ratio for only the stem within the crown were also compared with those obtained by detailed growth-ring analysis.
SPRINGER JAPAN KK, 2013年08月, JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 18 (4), 345 - 352, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Because of their overwhelming size over other organisms, trees define the structural and energetic properties of forest ecosystems. From grasslands to forests, leaf area index, which determines the amount of light energy intercepted for photosynthesis, increases with increasing canopy height across the various terrestrial ecosystems of the world. In vertically well-developed forests, niche differentiation along the vertical gradient of light availability may promote species coexistence. In addition, spatial and temporal differentiation of photosynthetic traits among the coexisting tree species (functional diversity) may promote complementary use of light energy, resulting in higher biomass and productivity in multi-species forests. Trees have evolved retaining high phenotypic plasticity because the spatial/temporal distribution of resources in forest ecosystems is highly heterogeneous and trees modify their own environment as they increase nearly 1,000 times in size through ontogeny. High phenotypic plasticity may enable coexistence of tree species through divergence in resource-rich environments, as well as through convergence in resource-limited environments. We propose that the breadth of individual-level phenotypic plasticity, expressed at the metamer level (leaves and shoots), is an important factor that promotes species coexistence and resource-use complementarity in forest ecosystems. A cross-biome comparison of the link between plasticity of photosynthesis-related traits and stand productivity will provide a functional explanation for the relationship between species assemblages and productivity of forest ecosystems.
SPRINGER JAPAN KK, 2013年03月, ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 28 (2), 191 - 198, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We investigated the effects of sun- and shade-shoot architecture on the photosynthetic rates of two Picea species by applying light from various angles in the laboratory. Compared with sun shoots, shade shoots were characterized by lower mass allocation per light-intercepting area, less leaf mass per shoot mass, less mutual shading among leaves and more efficient allocation of chlorophyll to photosynthesis. The shoot silhouette to total leaf area ratio (STAR(phi)) decreased with increasing shoot inclination angle (phi, the shoot axis angle relative to the projection plane) and was consistently higher for the shade shoots. Morphological and physiological characteristics of the shade shoots resulted in maximum rates of net photosynthesis at phi = 0 degrees (P-max,P-0) similar to that of the sun shoots when expressed on a leaf mass, total leaf area and chlorophyll basis. When the angle of incoming light was varied, P-max,P-phi per total leaf area (P-max,P-phi /A(T)) of the shade shoots increased linearly with increasing STAR(phi), while P-max,P-phi per shoot silhouette area did not change. In contrast, the response of the sun shoots was non-linear, and an optimum angle of incoming light was determined. Our results suggest that shade-shoot morphology is adaptive for utilizing diffuse light incoming from various angles, while sun-shoot morphology is adaptive for avoiding the negative effects of strong direct radiation and for enhancing light diffusion into the canopy. We propose that the angle of incoming light should be taken into account when estimating photosynthetic rates of sun shoots of conifer trees in the field.
OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2012年10月, TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 32 (10), 1227 - 1236, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
列状間伐による生物相への影響を明らかにするため, 間伐強度および間伐後の経過年数が異なる二つの列状間伐林分においてアリ群集構造を調査し, 隣接する対照林分と比較した。強度の列状間伐後11年経過した林分では対照林分よりも森林性種が少なく, 広域生息種が多く出現する傾向がみられた。一方で, 弱度の列状間伐後4年経過した林分では, 逆の傾向がみられた。また, 環境条件がアリ類の種構成に与える影響は明瞭ではなかったが, 林冠からの入射光量や下層植生のバイオマス量との関係が示唆された。アリ類は様々な生態的特長を有するため, アリ群集構造を人工林における森林施業の撹乱強度やその後の生物相の回復過程を表す指標として用いるためには更なる検討が必要であると考えられる。
日本森林学会, 2012年, 日本森林学会誌, 94 (1), 36 - 41, 日本語We measured the aboveground biomass, biomass increment and litterfall production of a 140-year-old, abandoned Cryptomeria japonica plantation in order to infer the effects of topography on biomass production. The plantation was unsuccessful and the naturally regenerated broad-leaved trees contributed 93.4% (374.2 Mg ha(-1)) of the total aboveground biomass (400.2 Mg ha(-1)). Comparing between different slope positions, aboveground biomass decreased downslope corresponding to the decrease in broad-leaved tree biomass. The biomass of C. japonica did not vary with slope position. Biomass increment and litterfall production of the broad-leaved trees also decreased downslope. However, litterfall production per unit biomass and aboveground net primary production per unit biomass increased downslope. Results of a path analysis showed that biomass increment of C. japonica decreased with increasing topographical convexity, whereas biomass and litterfall production of broad-leaved tree increased. Litterfall production of broad-leaved tree decreased with increasing biomass of C. japonica, suggesting that, despite their small biomass, the presence of residual C. japonica may have negative effects on the distribution and productivity of the broad-leaved trees. Our results indicated that total aboveground biomass of the study site was comparable to that of old-growth C. japonica plantations. We inferred that the variation in aboveground biomass of the broad-leaved trees was largely determined by the topography, while their productivity was affected by interactions with planted C. japonica.
SPRINGER TOKYO, 2011年08月, JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 16 (4), 268 - 274, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We compared light acclimation potential among three evergreen broadleaved species with contrasting patterns of shoot elongation, leaf emergence and leaf maturation. Understory saplings were transferred to a high-light environment before bud break, grown for 13 months, and then transferred back to the understory to observe subsequent carry-over effects. Acclimation potential was highest and sapling mortality was lowest for Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb. ex Nakai. Indeterminate growth and successive leaf emergence allowed this species to acclimate to both high and low light by adjusting leaf production as well as leaf properties. Sapling mortality occurred after both transfers for Camellia japonica L., which also has indeterminate growth and successive leaf emergence. In this species, carry-over effects were observed at the individual level, but leaf-level acclimation potential was high. Acclimation potential was lowest and sapling mortality occurred soon after the transfer to high light for Quercus glauca Thunb. ex Murray. Determinate growth and flush-type leaf emergence resulted in significant carry-over effects in this species. Indeterminate growth and successive leaf emergence increase whole-plant acclimation potential by extending the period of growth and architectural development during the growing season. Similarly, we inferred that delayed leaf maturation, observed in many evergreen species, increases the acclimation potential of current-year leaves by extending the period of leaf development. In evergreen species, the acclimation potential of preexisting leaves determines the role that leaf turnover plays in whole-plant light acclimation, resulting in diverse strategies for light acclimation among species, as observed in this study.
OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2011年08月, TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 31 (8), 819 - 830, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 日本森林学会, 2011年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 123, L16 - L16, 日本語
- 日本森林学会, 2011年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 122 (0), 593 - 593, 日本語
- 2011年, 日本森林学会誌, 92:269-272, 日本語野外における小型チャンバー法を用いた枯死根の分解呼吸量の直接測定
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2011年, 日本緑化工学会誌, 37: 21-25, 日本語クスノキ挿木苗の生理・形態特性：実生苗との比較
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Very fine roots (< 0.5 mm in diameter) of forest trees may serve as better indicators of root function than the traditional category of < 2 mm, but how these roots will exhibit the plasticity of species-specific traits in response to heterogeneous soil nutrients is unknown. Here, we examined the vertical distribution of biomass and morphological and physiological traits of fine roots across three narrow diameter classes (< 0.5, 0.5-1.0, and 1.0-2.0 mm) of Quercus serrata and Ilex pedunculosa at five soil depths down to 50 cm in a broad-leaved temperate forest. In both species, biomass and the allocation of very fine roots were higher in the surface soil but lower below 10-cm soil depth compared to values for larger roots (0.5-2.0 mm). When we applied these diameter classes, only very fine roots of Q. serrata exhibited significant changes in specific root length (SRL; m g(-1)) and root nitrogen (N) concentrations with soil depth, whereas the N concentrations only changed significantly in I. pedunculosa. The SRL and root N concentrations of larger roots in the two species did not significantly differ among soil depths. Thus, very fine roots may exhibit species-specific traits and change their potential for nutrient and water uptake in response to soil depth by plasticity in root biomass, the length, and the N in response to available resources.
SPRINGER JAPAN KK, 2011年01月, ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 26 (1), 95 - 104, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Radial growth responses to climate were studied in two species of birch broadly distributed across Kamchatka Peninsula Wood cores were obtained in different locations and environments, from upper to lower treelines, and from wet maritime sites at the Pacific to the subcontinental interior of the peninsula. Response functions were calculated using the four longest meteorological records (1920s-2000) in Kamchatka. In Betula ermanu Cham, the dominant species in mountains and maritime woodlands, ring width in high-elevation (500-600 m) trees increased with warm and less rainy June and July and decreased with rainy/snowy cool weather during the prior September and October Radial growth in B ermanii low-elevation trees increased with higher winter precipitation, suggesting that water from inching snow prevents water stress and possibly desiccation in low-elevation trees In Benda platyphylla Sukaczev, a common taiga species in interior Kamchatka, low summer temperatures limited growth at its upper distributional limit (300-350 m) and in cool, wet sites dominated by Picea ajanensis Lindl. et Gord On drier sites dominated by Lam cajanderu Mayr growth was limited by warm April and dry June weather. Variable responses along elevation-continentality gradients reinforce the necessity of a site-dependent differentiation for the assessment of impacts of climate change on species performance and geographic range shifts.
NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS, 2010年02月, CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE, 40 (2), 273 - 285, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 日本森林学会, 2010年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 121 (0), 527 - 527, 日本語
- 2010年, Journal of Forest Planning, 15:11-19, 英語Simulation study of size-structure dynamics with changing spatial pattern of tree sizes in a lattice-planted Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantation
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We investigated the seasonal changes in the abundance of coleopteran and hymenopteran functional groups to evaluate the ecological suitability of line thinning in overstocked Japanese cedar plantations in central Japan. In line thinning, 3- to 5-m-wide sections of the stand are harvested parallel to the mountain slope and perpendicular to the forest roads. The thinning intensity varies from 25 to 35% of the total number of trees. We compared the seasonal abundance between the thinned stand and the unthinned (control) stand in two plantation forests: a low-elevation Sugi site (4 years since thinning) and a high-elevation Kuchiotani site (6 years since thinning). Most coleopteran and hymenopteran functional groups were consistently more abundant in the thinned stand than in the unthinned stand. The differences in arthropod abundance between the thinned and unthinned stands were mainly caused by marked differences in the abundance of seasonally strongly changing functional groups during their peak seasons. The predators and parasitoids of insects as well as the plant and pollen feeders (plant-dependent functional groups) responded to seasonal changes in the vegetation (food and microhabitats) and microclimate. The ants were less affected by line thinning. Our results indicate that line thinning is an ecologically suitable silvicultural treatment for the improvement of biodiversity conditions in the overstocked plantation forests.
SPRINGER TOKYO, 2010年01月, LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, 6 (1), 43 - 52, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2010年, Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 22:378-388, 英語Carbon mitigation in tropical agroforestry systems: case study from Melaleuca leucadendron LINN plantations producing cajuput oil in Java, Indonesia
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2010年, 日本森林学会誌, 92:63-71, 日本語90年生ヒノキ高齢林における枝・葉現存量および垂直分布の推定
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We investigated vertical stratification and effects of crown damage on maximum tree height in two mixed conifer-broadleaf forests in Yakushima Island, southern Japan. In both research plots, the conifer trees dominated the upper canopy while the broadleaved trees dominated the middle to lower canopy. Most broadleaved trees were shorter than the median crown-base height (HCB) of the conifer trees. Estimates of the maximum height (Hmax) of the conifer trees were greater than those of the broadleaved trees. Crown damage had significant negative effects on maximum height of the conifer trees. Crown damage was observed for 72.8-88.7% of the conifer trees, and severe types of damage such as stem breakage and top die-back were the most predominant. The Hmax of the damaged conifer trees was 16-17% shorter than that of the intact trees and as much as 16-28% shorter than the potential maximum height estimated from the diameter-height relationship of the tallest intact trees. We inferred that crown disturbance is an important factor determining the maximum height of the canopy of the two mixed forests. Our results suggested that vertical stratification between conifer and broadleaved trees may be an important mechanism contributing to their coexistence and additive basal area of mixed forests on Yakushima Island. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
2010年, Plant Ecology, 211 (1), 27 - 36, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
In Japan, forests associated with shrines and temples are recognized as important components of urban green space, which can potentially function as centers for ecosystem conservation in rapidly urbanizing Japanese cities. In addition to their ecological value, shrine/temple forests have social value, providing recreational and aesthetic needs to residents of urban areas. We review the historical development of shrine/temple forests in Japan and discuss current conservation issues from both ecological and sociological perspectives. Generally, shrine forests are minimally managed and public access is discouraged, whereas temple forests are intensively managed for public display. Shrines tend to be spatially scattered across the landscape but associated with specific geographical features, whereas temples tend to be clustered. Their wide and random distribution in urban areas suggests that shrine forests can potentially be used as stepping stones in the urban green space network, whereas spatially clustered temple forests can be integrated to form large areas of green space. Species diversity of shrine/temple forests declines with decreasing area. The distribution pattern of species is not completely nested, indicating that although conservation of large forest fragments may be effective for maintaining landscape-level biodiversity, smaller forest fragments and adjacent precincts are sometimes significant because rare species occasionally inhabit them. Active management and ecological restoration, such as removal of invasive species, are also important to maintain the desirable near-natural forest conditions. A working group including the owner, community, regional government, and ecologists should be involved in creating an effective, long-term management plan. Because social and cultural values are diverse, basic ecological studies of shrine/temple forests would contribute a scientific basis that fosters public confidence in the process. © 2010 International Consortium of Landscape and Ecological Engineering and Springer.
2010年, Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 6 (2), 307 - 315, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Mixed forests comprising multiple tree species with contrasting crown architectures, leaf phenologies, and photosynthetic activity, tend to have high ecosystem productivity. We propose that in such forests, differentiation among coexisting species in their spatial and temporal strategies for light interception, results in complementary use of light. Spatial differentiation among coexisting tree species occurs as a result of adaptation of crown architecture and shoot/leaf morphology to the spatially variable light conditions of the canopy, sub-canopy, and understory. Temporal differentiation occurs as a result of variation in leaf phenology and photosynthetic activity. The arrangement of leaves in both space and time is an important aspect of plant strategies for light interception and determines photosynthetic carbon gain of the plant canopy. For example, at the shoot level, morphological and phenological differentiation between long and short shoots reflects their respective shoot functions, indicating that spatial and temporal strategies for light interception are linked. Complementary use of light is a consequence of the spatiotemporal differentiation in light interception among coexisting species. Because coexisting species may show differentiation in strategies for resource acquisition (functional diversification) or convergence with respect to some limiting resource (functional convergence), the relative importance of various crown functions and their contribution to growth and survival of individuals need to be evaluated quantitatively and compared among coexisting species. © 2009 The Ecological Society of Japan.
2010年, Ecological Research, 25 (4), 715 - 722, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We compared the morphological and physiological characteristics of understory trees of Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex J. Forbes and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. growing adjacent to each other in an old-growth forest in southwestern Washington State, USA. We hypothesized that, despite contrasting branching patterns and crown architectures, the two species should exhibit convergence in leaf display and photosynthetic gain per light intercepting area, because these are important properties determining their survival in the light-limited understory. The branching pattern of A. amabilis was regular (normal shoot-length distribution, less variable branching angle and bifurcation ratio), whereas that of T. heterophylla was more plastic (positively skewed shoot-length distribution, more variable branching angle and bifurcation ratio). The two species had similar shoot morphologies: number of leaves per unit shoot length and leaf to axis dry mass ratio. Leaf morphology, in contrast, was significantly different. Leaves of A. amabilis were larger and heavier than those of T. heterophylla, which resulted in lower mass-based photosynthetic rate for A. amabilis. Despite these differences, the two species had similar levels of leaf overlap and area-based photosynthetic characteristics. Needle longevity of A. amabilis was nearly twice that of T. heterophylla. The leaf N contents of current and 1-year-old leaves were lower for A. amabilis than for T. heterophylla. However, the leaf N content of A. amabilis did not change from current leaves to 6-year-old leaves, whereas that of T. heterophylla decreased with increasing leaf age. Abies amabilis had deeper crowns than T. heterophylla and retained branches with low relative growth rates. Longer branch retention may compensate for the lower branch-level assimilation rate of A. amabilis. We inferred that the convergence of leaf display and photosynthetic characteristics between A. amabilis and T. heterophylla may contribute to the persistence of both species in the understory of this forest.
2009年08月, Tree Physiology, 29 (8), 989 - 998, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Fine root respiration is a significant component of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. Although fine roots differ functionally from coarse roots, these root types have been distinguished based on arbitrary diameter cut-offs (e.g., 2 or 5 mm). Fine root morphology is directly related to physiological function, but few attempts have been made to understand the relationships between morphology and respiration of fine roots. To examine relationships between respiration rates and morphological traits of fine roots (0.15-1.4 mm in diameter) of mature Quercus serrata Murr., we measured respiration of small fine root segments in the field with a portable closed static chamber system. We found a significant power relationship between mean root diameter and respiration rate. Respiration rates of roots < 0.4 mm in mean diameter were high and variable, ranging from 3.8 to 11.3 nmol CO(2)g(-1)s(-1), compared with those of larger diameter roots (0.4-1.4 mm), which ranged from 1.8 to 3.0 nmol CO(2)g(-1)s(-1). Fine root respiration rate was positively correlated with specific root length (SRL) as well as with root nitrogen (N) concentration. For roots < 0.4 mm in diameter, SRL had a wider range (11.3-80.4 mg(-1)) and was more strongly correlated with respiration rate than diameter. Our results indicate that a more detailed classification of fine roots < 2.0 mm is needed to represent the heterogeneity of root respiration and to evaluate root biomass and root morphological traits.
OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2009年04月, TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 29 (4), 579 - 585, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We compared soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance (G (T)), hydraulic conductivity and water-relations characteristics of leaves between reiterated axes (produced by sprouting of suppressed buds) and sequential axes (produced by elongation of terminal buds) on the same branch to investigate how basal reiteration affected the hydraulic architecture of mature Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Sieb. trees. Given similar light conditions, G (T) was higher for leaves on reiterated shoots than for those on sequential shoots. However, where leaves on sequential shoots received more light, G (T) was similar to that of leaves on reiterated shoots, suggesting that some compensatory mechanism worked to increase hydraulic conductance to the more distal sequential shoots, which have higher potential for carbon gain. Both xylem- and leaf-specific conductivities were higher for reiterated than sequential shoots. Pressure-volume measurements indicated that leaves on reiterated shoots were more vulnerable to water stress, suggesting that they developed under favorable water status. Because basal reiteration occurs on lower-order branch axes, reiterated shoots have better connectivity to higher conducting xylem and this may contribute to favorable water status. As trees grow larger, hydraulic pathlength and hydraulic resistance both increase as numbers of branch junctions and nodes increase. Our results suggest that basal reiteration improves the hydraulic functional status of mature C. camphora trees by shortening the hydraulic pathway and increasing hydraulic conductance to transpiring leaves.
SPRINGER, 2009年04月, TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, 23 (2), 317 - 323, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Here we review the bioindicator potentials of several arthropod groups in forest management. First, we describe the indicator potentials of frequently used arthropod groups in general forest management, and then evaluate ecosystem function and plural taxonomic groups to infer forest biodiversity We then review indicator potentials of arthropod groups to explore the ecological consequences of forest management practices. Different arthropod groups respond differently to forest management. Ants, carabid beetles, and spiders often respond to local-scale, disturbance-induced vegetation development caused by thinning and can be used to infer the ecological suitability of forest management treatments. Dung beetles and moths respond to habitat alterations caused by forest fragmentation and can indicate the suitability of landscape-level forest management techniques. Butterflies and cerambycid beetles respond highly positively to the presence of herbaceous plants and understory trees and can be used to infer the integrity of thinning treatments in forest management. Syrphid flies, which are strong flyers associated with vegetation complexity, can be used as bioindicators of landscape-level forest management practices. Monitoring regulatory service providers may also help when designing forest management practices. We propose using arthropod bioindicator groups to effectively design and assess ecologically sustainable management plans for both natural and plantation forests.
SPRINGER JAPAN KK, 2009年02月, APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY, 44 (1), 1 - 11, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2009年, 日本森林学会誌, 90:297-305, 日本語樹高成長の制限とそのメカニズム
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2009年, 日本緑化工学会誌, 35(1), 45-50, 日本語光環境に対するネズミモチとトウネズミモチの葉と枝の生理・形態的反応の違い
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We studied how the dominant factor affecting stem volume growth changes during stand development in a monoclonal stand of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. Stem analysis was used to compare growth history of trees in an unthinned plot (closed canopy) and a thinned plot (open canopy). In the unthinned plot, the dominant factor affecting stem volume growth was basal area (BA) before canopy closure, whereas neighborhood competition index (CI) was the dominant factor after canopy closure. In contrast, the dominant factor affecting stem volume in the thinned plot was BA throughout stand development. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between BA and CI continued to increase after canopy closure and size rank among individuals became increasingly fixed. Our results indicated that stem volume growth shifts from size-dependent to competition-dependent growth at canopy closure. The apparent correlation between tree size and growth rate observed in many previous studies may be the result of competition-mediated positive feedback between size and growth.
SPRINGER TOKYO, 2008年11月, ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 23 (6), 953 - 964, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2008年11月, Urban Ecosystems, 11: 309-312, 英語Ecological restoration of a fragmented urban shrine forest in southwestern Hyogo Prefecture, Japan: Initial effects of the removal of invasive Trachycarpus fortunei
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We investigated the spatial distribution and growth of the Siberian dwarf pine (Pinus pumila) in a valley-foothill larch-birch (Larix cajanderi-Betula platyphylla as canopy trees) mixed forest of fire origin located in central Kamchatka with the aim of elucidating the ecological features of P. pumila when it is an undergrowth species in a forest. The spatial distribution of all individuals of all tree species was clumped, and the spatial distribution of the two canopy tree species did not repulsively affect that of P. pumila (i.e., its establishment site). These results suggest that the regeneration of P. pumila does not depend on canopy gaps. However, the analysis using a growth model indicated that the canopy trees negatively affected the growth of P. pumila and that the negative effect of L. cajanderi on P. pumila growth was stronger than that of B. platyphylla. The direction of the crown extension of P. pumila was weakly related to the open-space direction. Our results suggest that, although the spatial pattern of establishment of P. pumila is not repulsed by the distribution of canopy trees, the crown can spread horizontally toward the more sparsely populated areas of the canopy trees where they may have higher growth rates.
SPRINGER TOKYO, 2008年09月, ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 23 (5), 831 - 840, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2008年09月, Journal of Forest Research, 13: 73-78, 英語Line thinning promotes stand growth and understory diversity in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantations
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We studied changes in morphological and physiological characteristics of leaves and shoots along a height gradient in Sequoia sempervirens, the tallest tree species on Earth, to investigate whether morphological and physiological acclimation to the vertical light gradient was constrained by hydrostatic limitation in the upper crown. Bulk leaf water potential (Psi) decreased linearly and light availability increased exponentially with increasing height in the crown. During the wet season, Psi was lower in the outer than inner crown. C isotope composition of leaves (delta(13)C) increased with increasing height indicating greater photosynthetic water use efficiency in the upper crown. Leaf and shoot morphology changed continuously with height. In contrast, their relationships with light availability were discontinuous: morphological characteristics did not correspond to increasing light availability above 55-85 m. Mass-based chlorophyll concentration (chl) decreased with increasing height and increasing light availability. In contrast, area-based chl remained constant or increased with increasing height. Mass-based maximum rate of net photosynthesis (P (max)) decreased with increasing height, whereas area-based P (max) reached maximum at 78.4 m and decreased with increasing height thereafter. Mass-based P (max) increased with increasing shoot mass per area (SMA), whereas area-based P (max) was not correlated with SMA in the upper crown. Our results suggest that hydrostatic limitation of morphological development constrains exploitation of light in the upper crown and contributes to reduced photosynthetic rates and, ultimately, reduced height growth at the tops of tall S. sempervirens trees.
SPRINGER, 2008年07月, OECOLOGIA, 156 (4), 751 - 763, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We investigated how removal of understory dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis Makino et Shibata) affected growth and water use of young Betula ermanii Cham. trees in a secondary forest in northern Japan. We compared current-year shoot morphology, leaf water-relations characteristics, and whole-tree water use of B. ermanii trees growing with dwarf bamboo in the understory (intact plot) to those of trees growing where dwarf bamboo was experimentally removed (removal plot). Current-year shoot length and internode frequency increased, while internode length and individual leaf area decreased in response to dwarf bamboo removal. Carbon isotope composition (delta C-13) of leaves did not change indicating that leaf water-use efficiency was unaffected by the presence/absence of dwarf bamboo. Pressure-volume analysis indicated that leaves in the removal plot had lower water uptake ability. During mid-summer, trees in the removal plot sustained high sap flow velocity after peaking at midday, while that of trees in the intact plot declined. In addition, whole-tree sap flux and soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance were both higher for trees in the removal plot. We inferred that the observed changes reflect hydraulic homeostasis of B. ermanii trees to maintain constant water-use efficiency in response to belowground competition with dwarf bamboo. Removal of dwarf bamboo is, therefore, an effective silvicultural prescription to enhance growth of overstory trees by relieving belowground competition for soil water.
SPRINGER TOKYO, 2008年04月, JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 13 (2), 101 - 109, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2008年, 人と自然, 18:21-28, 日本語兵庫県日野神社社叢における27年間の森林群落動態
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We evaluated the effectiveness of line thinning, a new silvicultural technique, toward restoring diversity of Coleoptera in overstocked Cryptomeria japonica D. Don plantations in central Japan. We compared the abundance of some common Coleoptera families between line-thinned stands and adjacent unthinned stands in two plantations: low-elevation Sugi site (4 years since thinning) and high-elevation Kuchiotani site (6 years since thinning). Many bettle families comprising various functional groups such as plant feeders, wood borers, rotten wood feeders, root feeders, fungus feeders, dung feeders, and scavengers were more abundant in the line-thinned stands than in the unthinned stands. Furthermore, some important families were missing from the unthinned stands. There were strong positive relationships between Coleopteran abundance and understory vegetation. Our results suggest that line thinning may potentially increase biodiversity in overstocked C. japonica plantations by restoring important ecological processes such as food-web interactions (pollination, predation, herbivory, decomposition, parasitism, etc.), and habitat conditions.
SPRINGER, 2007年09月, ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS, 1 (3), 175 - 185, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2007年06月, Tree Physiology, 27: 455-462, 英語Physiological and ecological implications of adaptive reiteration as a mechanism for crown maintenance after trees reach maximum size
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Physiological and ecological implications of adaptive reiteration as a mechanism for crown maintenance and longevity
Reiteration is the process whereby architectural units are replicated within a tree. Both immediate (from apical buds) and delayed (from suppressed or adventitious buds) reiteration can be seen in many tree species where architectural units ranging from clusters of shoots to entire branches and stems are replicated. In large old trees and suppressed trees, delayed reiteration occurs without an obvious external stimulus such as defoliation or traumatic loss of the branch apex. This suggests that, in trees that are growth-limited, reiteration is an adaptive mechanism for crown maintenance. We discuss theories about the aging process and how delayed adaptive reiteration may help maintain crown productivity and increase longevity. These include: (1) reducing the respiration /photo synthesis ratio; (2) increasing hydraulic conductance to newly developing foliage; (3) reducing nutrient loss from the tree; and (4) rejuvenating the apical meristem. The ability to reiterate various architectural units may contribute to increasing lifetime reproductive output by prolonging tree longevity. Further studies on the physiological and ecological implications of reiteration are needed to understand its adaptive significance in the life history of trees.
HERON PUBLISHING, 2007年03月, TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 27 (3), 455 - 462, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We investigated the effects of line thinning on the abundance of Hymenoptera in two Japanese cedar plantations in northern Hyogo Prefecture, central Japan, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this silvicultural treatment for ecosystem management. Line thinning is a silvicultural treatment practiced in Japan, where linear stand sections are cut (25%-35% of the total number of trees) retaining one to two rows of trees. We used Malaise traps to capture Hymenoptera from the line-thinned stand (treatment plot, including thinned and retained sections) and the unthinned stand (control plot). Overall, the total number of Hymenoptera was greater in the treatment plot than in the control plot. The treatment plot hosted more functional groups and families of Hymenoptera than the control plot in both plantations. In the Kuchiotani plantation (high-elevation site), the overall abundance of Hymenoptera and of many Hymenopteran functional groups were positively correlated with both species richness and biomass of understory plants. In the Sugi plantation (low-elevation site), understory vegetation was less developed and there was no correlation with abundance of Hymenoptera. Our study indicates that line thinning is an effective silvicultural treatment for future management of overstocked Japanese cedar plantations because it can fulfill biodiversity objectives, but the effectiveness may depend on silvicultural and landscape factors.
SPRINGER TOKYO, 2007年02月, JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 12 (1), 14 - 23, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2007年, 景観生態学, 12:35-43, 日本語兵庫県，西宮神社における侵入種シュロの伐倒除去－社叢林の積極的管理と費用対効果－
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2007年, 景観生態学, 12:1-7, 日本語都市緑地としての社寺林の機能評価に向けて
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2007年, 生物科学, 59:57-61, 日本語樹木はどこまで大きくなれるのか？―世界最大の樹木，ジャイアントセコイアの生理学的研究―
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2007年, 日本森林学会誌, 89:160-166, 日本語京都府北部の無間伐ヒノキ高齢林における斜面位置と林分構造の関係
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We compared shoot and needle morphology and photosynthesis in Picea glehnii (Friedr. Schmidt) M.T. Mast. and Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr. trees planted on immature volcanic ash and well-developed brown forest soils to investigate whether species differences in morphological and physiological plasticity affected tree growth on different soil types. Height growth of P. glehnii was reduced by about 10% on volcanic ash compared with forest soil, whereas that of P. jezoensis was reduced by more than 60%. Needle morphology of P. glehnii was unaffected by soil type. In contrast, needles of P. jezoensis trees growing on volcanic ash were shorter, narrower and thicker, with less dry mass and area, than those of trees growing on forest soil, and specific needle area was lower, indicating lower foliar light-interception efficiency. In both species, changes in needle morphology with increasing irradiance were similar in trees growing on both soil types, indicating that plasticity of needle morphology was unaffected by soil type. In both species, shoot mass and shoot silhouette area were lower and needle mass per unit shoot mass was higher in trees growing on volcanic ash than in trees growing on forest soil. Trees of both species had more needles per unit shoot length, lower shoot silhouette to projected needle area ratios and lower shoot silhouette areas per unit shoot mass (SAM) on volcanic ash than on forest soil, indicating lower shoot-level light-interception efficiency. For P. glehnii, the response of shoot morphology to increasing irradiance was similar on both soil types, with the exception of SAM, which showed lower plasticity in trees growing on volcanic ash. In contrast, shoot-level morphological plasticity of P. jezoensis was reduced in trees growing on volcanic ash. Light-saturated maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax) of P. glehnii was unaffected by soil type, whereas mass-based Pmax of P. jezoensis was lower in trees growing on volcanic ash than in trees growing on forest soil. In P. jezoensis trees growing on forest soil, area-based Pmax increased with increasing irradiance, but this response was not observed in trees growing on volcanic ash. As a result, area-based Pmax at the top of the canopy was 39 to 54% lower in trees growing on volcanic ash than in trees growing on forest soil. Our results indicate that constraints on morphological acclimation to high irradiances may contribute to reduced height growth of P. jezoensis on volcanic ash. © 2007 Heron Publishing.
Heron Publishing, 2007年, Tree Physiology, 27 (11), 1595 - 1605, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
We investigated age-related changes in biomass cycling and soil properties in a kayu putih (Melaleuca leucadendron LINN, Myrtaceae) with improved shifting cultivation system in East Java, Indonesia, to design better management plans for sustainable kayu putih oil production and crop yield. Harvested biomass of kayu putih increased markedly from 7- to 15-year-old stands, but did not increase further in older stands averaging 2.41 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). Kayu putih contributed 1.9-31.0% of total biomass production. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) tuber was the largest component of biomass cycling. Harvested biomass of cassava decreased with increasing stand age and there was a trade-off between above- and below-ground biomass productions. Harvested biomass of maize (Zea mays L.) grain was constant throughout stand growth, whereas returned biomass fluctuated. With increasing stand age, soil organic matter (SOM) accumulated in soil indicating that returned biomass was decomposing slowly. Content of primary nutrients did not change with stand age. The contribution of cassava to harvested biomass was considerably larger than that of kayu putih. For this reason, selection of cassava as a single companion crop may not be suitable for sustaining kayu putih oil production. Maize may be a good companion crop for kayu putih because it produces a constant grain yield throughout stand growth and its contribution to harvested biomass is comparable to that of kayu putih. In addition, maize is shallow-rooted and causes less below-ground competition with deep-rooted kayu putih trees.
SPRINGER, 2006年06月, AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS, 67 (2), 135 - 145, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2006年05月, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 36:378-389, 英語Biomass and dynamics of attached dead branches in the canopy of 450-year-old Douglas-fir trees
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- The use of arthropods as indicators of ecosystem integrity in forest management
Arthropods play vital roles in various ecosystem functions and respond acutely to habitat manipulation. Diversity and community dynamics of arthropods are strongly correlated with ecosystem functioning. Arthropod community structure reflects habitat heterogeneity, as well as development and recovery of forest ecosystems after natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Arthropod community structure also reflects the degree of fragmentation and isolation of forest ecosystems on the landscape. Arthropods are good indicators of the overall biodiversity and ecosystem integrity of forests and can be used for evaluating and designing sound ecosystem management plans.
SOC AMER FORESTERS, 2006年04月, JOURNAL OF FORESTRY, 104 (3), 113 - 117, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2006年04月, 日本森林学会誌, 88:290-301, 日本語樹木生理学と森林群落動態をつなぐ樹形研究
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2006年, 人と自然, 16:51-56, 日本語西宮神社社叢林における台風によるクスノキ老齢木の被害
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2006年, Journal of Forestry, 104:113-117, 英語Arthropods as indicators of biological diversity in temperate forest ecosystems
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年, 生物科学, 57 49-53, 日本語樹高成長の限界はどこまでか？ －樹高１００ｍのセコイアメスギの樹冠を調べる－
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年, 人と自然, 15 29-42, 日本語孤立社寺林の植生構造にみられる林縁効果
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年, Eurasian Journal of Forest Research, 8・1・15-20, 英語Variation in kayu putih(Melaleuca leucadendron LINN) oil quality under different farming systems in Java, Indonesia
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Kayu putih oil, extracted from the kayu putih tree (Melaleuca leucadendron), is an important non-timber forest product (NTFP) in Indonesia. We compared productivity of kayu putih tree plantations among three different sites in East, Central, and West Java, Indonesia. Leaf-twig, and branch production per tree differed significantly among the three sites. Tree biomass production was highest at the site in West Java practicing tumpangsari (a form of shifting cultivation) of kayu putih with rice (Oryza sativa) on alluvial soils. Tree biomass production was lowest at the site in East Java, practicing tumpangsari of kayu putih with maize (Zea mays) and cassava (Mani- hot esculenta). At this site, tree biomass production increased with increasing stand age and low production was compensated by greater biomass yield of companion crops. Intermediate tree biomass production was observed at the site in Central Java where intercropping is only practiced for the first two years after plantation establishment. Production of tree biomass and kayu putih oil did not increase with increasing stand density, indicating that at a given site, high tree stocking did not lead to high production. Stand-level productivity of the plantations increased with increasing stand age and maximum productivity was attained at 15 to 35 years, after which productivity declined. This suggested unsustainable stand productivity as plantations increase in age.
SPRINGER, 2005年01月, AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS, 64 (2), 143 - 155, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2005年, Nature and Human Activities, 9 47-56, 英語Microclimate mitigation by shrine/temple forests in southeastern Hyogo Prefecture
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Background and Aims Fire is the dominant disturbance in central Kamchatka boreal forests, yet patterns and mechanisms of stand recovery have not been investigated. Methods Measurements were made of 1433 stems greater than or equal to1-3 m height and annual radial increments of 225 randomly selected trees in a 0.4-ha plot of a 53-year-old fire-origin mixed-species stand to examine the spatio-temporal variation in establishment, growth, size inequality and the mode of competition among individual trees. Growth variations were related to tree size, age and local interference with neighbours. Key Results Betula platyphylla formed the main canopy following a fire in 1947, with Larix cajanderi and Pinus pumila progressively reinvading the lower tree and shrub stratum. Most B. platyphylla originated from sprouts in small patches (polycormons) during the first 15 post-fire years. Betula platyphylla had normal distributions of diameter and age classes, but negatively skewed height distribution, as expected from shade-intolerant, pioneer species. Larix cajanderi had fewer tall and many short individuals. The smaller and younger B. platyphylla grew disproportionately more in diameter than larger trees from 1950 to 1975, and hence stem size inequalities decreased. The reverse trend was observed from 1995 to 2000: larger trees grew more, indicating an increasing asymmetry of competition for light. Betula platyphylla had steady diameter growth in the first 25 post-fire years, after which the growth declined in smaller trees. Neighbourhood analysis showed that the decline resulted from increased competition from taller neighbours. Conclusions The observed growth patterns suggest that mode of interactions altered during stand development from early stages of weak competition for soil resources released by fire to later stages of asymmetric competition for light. Asymmetric crown competition started later than reported in other studies, which can be attributed to the lower stem density leaving much space for individual growth, greater relative importance of below-ground competition in this site of nutrient-poor volcanic soil, and the vegetative origin of B. platyphylla. Larix cajanderi growing under B. platyphylla had steady diameter growth during the first 20 years, after which growth declined. It is suggested that early succession fits the tolerance model of succession, while inhibition dominates in later stages. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company.
OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2004年09月, ANNALS OF BOTANY, 94 (3), 333 - 343, 英語研究論文（学術雑誌）
Reiteration is an important process in the maintenance of tree crowns and in plant longevity. We use a geometric simulation model of branch growth to explore differences in longevity between old-growth Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Abies grandis (D. Don ex Lamb.) Lindl. branches. Reiteration is defined through rules that reflect apical dominance relationships, and these rules are used to define shoot cluster units (SCU) on P. menziesii branches. Reiteration through epicormic production dominates growth in simulated P. menziesii branches and is shown to be a major factor that differentiates growth between P. menziesii and A. grandis. Branch growth is shown to be highly sensitive to rules for bifurcation and capacity for reiteration. The rules employed in the model that define epicormic initiation and SCU independence reveal possible physiological mechanisms through which reiteration occurs in P. menziesii. A simple morphological rule fails to simulate branch growth adequately, whereas a physiological rule through epicormic initiation after release from inhibition of a lateral axis yields realistic simulated branches. Branch growth is best simulated through a combination of physiological controls and morphological rules.
NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA, 2004年07月, CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE, 82 (7), 892 - 909, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Exploring the relationships among canopy structure, stand productivity, and biodiversity of temperature forest ecosystems
Impacts of human activity on forest ecosystems are most pronounced in the temperate region. Simplification of stand structure has resulted in diminished ecosystem function and biodiversity decline, raising much debate over future management policies. Ecosystem functions and biodiversity may be enhanced by managing forests for increased structural complexity. However, processes that determine relationships among structural complexity, ecosystem functions, and biodiversity of forest ecosystems remain unclear. In this review, we present examples of studies conducted at two canopy research facilities located in different types of temperate forest to illustrate that structural complexity of forest canopies enhances stand productivity and biodiversity: (1) development of structurally complex canopies comprising various tree species enhances stand productivity by promoting complementary resource utilization among species through spatial, physiological, and temporal differentiation; and (2) development of complex canopy structure enhances biodiversity of canopy-dwelling organisms by creating a resource-rich habitat. These ecological observations stress the importance of including three-dimensional structural attributes of forest canopies in management plans and silvicultural prescriptions that aim to maintain ecosystem functions and biodiversity.
SOC AMER FORESTERS, 2004年06月, FOREST SCIENCE, 50 (3), 342 - 355, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2004年, Eurasian Journal of Forest Research., 7:27-32, 英語Measurement of three-dimensional morphology and surface area of conifer shoots and roots using the desktop scanner and silhouette image analysis.
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2004年, Memoires of the Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University., 22:143-150, 英語Boundary-line analysis of tree growth and photosymthesis.
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Acclimation of shoot and needle morphology and photosynthesis of two Picea species to differences in soil nutrient availability
To investigate morphological acclimation to differences in nutrient availability, we compared shoot and needle morphology of Picea glehnii (Friedr. Schmidt) A T. Mast. and Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carriere trees growing on nutrient-poor, volcanic ash and nutrient-rich, brown forest soil. Trees of both species. were shorter and had more open canopies when growing on volcanic ash than when growing on brown forest soil. Nutrient-poor conditions limited height growth less in P. glehnii than in P. jezoensis. In both species, trees growing on volcanic ash had shorter annual increments in the previous year and more needles per shoot length and, hence, a smaller shoot silhouette area (SSA) relative to needle dry mass (NDM) than trees growing on brown forest soil. Soil type had less effect on shoot projected needle area (PNA). Total needle area (TNA) of P. glehnii shoots was similar between soil types, whereas TNA of P. jezoensis was lower in trees growing on volcanic ash than in trees growing on, brown forest soil. For both species, low SSA in response to nutrient-poor conditions resulted in low shoot SSA/PNA ratios, indicating high within-shoot self-shading. Shoot SSA/TNA of P. glehnii was lower in trees growing on volcanic ash than in trees growing on brown forest soil, indicating that needles were sun-acclimated. In contrast, shoot SSA/TNA of P. jezoensis was higher in trees growing on volcanic ash than in trees growing on brown forest soil. The contrasting response of TNA to low nutrient availability was associated with species-specific differences in needle morphology. Needles of P. glehnii growing on volcanic ash were slightly shorter, wider, thicker and heavier than those of trees growing on brown forest soil, indicating morphological acclimation to high irradiance. Needles of P. jezoensis growing on volcanic ash were shorter than those of trees growing on brown forest soil, but did not show morphological acclimation to high irradiance in width, thickness or mass. For both species, nutrient-poor conditions decreased maximum photosynthetic rate (A(max)) per NDM. However, when expressed per PNA, the decrease in A(max) was reduced, and when expressed per SSA,A(max) trees growing on volcanic ash than in trees growing ing on brown forest soil. On volcanic ash, A(max) per NDM was lower for P. glehnii than for P. jezoensis. However, morphological changes at the shoot and needle levels reversed this trend when A(max) was expressed per SSA or per PNA. The species-specific differences in morphological response to differences in soil nutrient availability suggest that P. glehnii is more tolerant of nutrient-poor conditions, whereas P. jezoensis is better at exploiting nutrient-rich soils.
HERON PUBLISHING, 2003年05月, TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 23 (7), 453 - 461, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2003年, Eurasian Journal of Forest Research., 6:99-109, 英語Comparative crown form and branching pattern of four coexisting tree species in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest.
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Age-related development of crown structure in coastal Douglas-fir trees
We compared crown structure among 20-, 40-, and 450-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. (Franco) var. menziesii) trees, and present a conceptual model of crown development. The model is based on the idea that the tree crown can be considered a vertical chronosequence of cohorts of branches that increase in age from upper- to lower-crown. Mean branch volume increased from upper- to lower-crown following the exponential or general logistic growth curve. Maximum branch volume occurred in the lower-crown for 20- and 40-year-old trees, while it occurred in the middle-crown for 450-year-old trees. For the 20- and 40-year-old trees, branch death did not occur in the upper-most part of the crown, and branch density decreased exponentially for the lower one-half and two-thirds of the crown, respectively. For the 450-year-old trees, branch death occurred and branch density decreased exponentially for the full extent of the crown. Epicormic branches increased branch density in the lower-crown, and moderated the rate of decrease in branch density. For the 20- and 40-year-old trees, branch diameter distributions changed from an abundance of small-diameter branches in the upper-crown, to positively skewed bimodal distributions in the middle-crown, and unimodal distributions comprised of surviving large-diameter branches in the lower-crown. For the 450-year-old trees, branch diameter distributions in the upper-crown were unimodal consisting mostly of original branches. In the middle- to lower-crown, branch diameter distributions were bimodal comprised of small-diameter epicormic branches and large diameter original branches. For the 20- and 40-year-old trees, the relationship between mean branch volume and branch density showed two distinct phases. In the upper-crown where branch death was not observed, and mean branch volume increased with decreasing height while branch density remained relatively constant. In the middle- to lower-crown where branch death occurred, mean branch volume increased while branch density decreased exponentially with decreasing height. For the 450-year-old trees, branch death occurred, and mean branch volume increased while branch density decreased exponentially with decreasing height for the full extent of the crown. The relationship between mean branch volume and branch density after the onset of branch death defined the branch self-pruning line/curve. This relationship reflected sequential changes in the population structure of cohorts of branches growing under increasingly shady conditions as the crown grows taller and new cohorts develop above old ones. As a result of the combined effects of branch growth and death, vertical distribution of branch volume shifted toward the upper-crown with increasing tree age. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2002年10月, FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 169 (3), 257 - 270, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
The leaf area to sapwood area ratio (A(1):A(s)) of trees has been hypothesized to decrease as trees become older and taller. Theory suggests that A(1):A(s) must decrease to maintain leaf-specific hydraulic sufficiency as path length, gravity, and tortuosity constrain whole-plant hydraulic conductance. We tested the hypothesis that A(1):A(s) declines with tree height. Whole-tree A(1):A(s) was measured on 15 individuals of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) ranging in height from 13 to 62 m (aged 20-450 years). A(1):A(s) declined substantially as height increased (P=0.02). Our test of the hypothesis that A(1):A(s) declines with tree height was extended using a combination of original and published data on nine species across a range of maximum heights and climates. Meta-analysis of 13 whole-tree studies revealed a consistent and significant reduction in A(1):A(s) with increasing height (P<0.05). However, two species (Picea abies and Abies balsamea) exhibited an increase in A(1):A(s) with height, although the reason for this is not clear. The slope of the relationship between A(1):A(s) and tree height (&UDelta;A(1):A(s)/&UDelta;h) was unrelated to mean annual precipitation. Maximum potential height was positively correlated with &UDelta;(A)1:A(s)/&UDelta;h. The decrease in A(1):A(s) with increasing tree size that we observed in the majority of species may be a homeostatic mechanism that partially compensates for decreased hydraulic conductance as trees grow in height.
SPRINGER-VERLAG, 2002年06月, OECOLOGIA, 132 (1), 12 - 20, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Variation in specific needle area of old-growth Douglas-fir in relation to needle age, within-crown position and epicormic shoot production
Variation in specific needle area (SNA; cm(2) projected fresh needle area g(-1) oven-dried needle weight) was investigated in relation to needle age, within-crown position and epicormic shoot production in 450-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. (Franco) var. menziesii) trees. Specific needle area decreased with increasing needle age. The magnitude and rate of change in SNA with needle age were greatest for lower-crown branches, and decreased toward the middle- and upper-crown branches. For all branches, there was no difference between regular and epicormic shoots in the relationship between SNA and needle age. Specific needle area decreased with increasing distance from branch base, and this relationship was significant for the majority of needle age classes of the upper- and middle-crown branches. In the lower-crown branches, SNA did not vary with distance from branch base for the majority of needle age classes. For all branches, there was no difference between regular and epicormic shoots in the relationship between SNA and distance from branch base for the majority of needle age classes. These results indicate that renewal of foliage by epicormic shoot production maintains needle quality. Branch SNA increased linearly with decreasing height in the crown at a mean rate of 0.951 +/- 0.110 cm(2) g(-1) per vertical meter. Total needle area of branches was estimated from total needle dry weight taking into account within-branch variation in SNA. Analyses of allometric relationships between branch size and foliage amount (needle area and needle dry weight) showed that branch length was a better predictor of foliage amount than branch diameter for old Douglas-fir trees. Total needle dry weight and needle area of the sample trees, estimated from branch length and branch height and taking into account vertical within-crown variation in branch SNA, ranged from 42.4 to 154.2 kg and from 246.2 to 816.0 m(2) per tree, respectively.
HERON PUBLISHING, 2002年01月, TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 22 (1), 31 - 40, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Basal reiteration (epicormic shoot production from older branch axes) occurred continuously and repeatedly in branches of 450-year-old Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii (coastal Douglas-fir) trees reproducing sections of branches comprising less than 100 to as many as 10 000 foliated shoots. Basal reiteration occurred mostly from primary and secondary branch axes but also occurred from higher-order axes if lower-order axes had died back. Basal reiteration occurred in distal sections of upper-crown branches, while it occurred in more proximal sections of middle- and lower-crown branches, indicating that basal reiteration works to distribute foliage more uniformly within branches that have reached maximum size. Basal reiteration occurred repeatedly producing two to six generations of reiterated axes within branches. Less than 22.5% of foliated shoots on branches were produced by sequential branching of the primary axis. Basal reiteration also maintained a constant rate of new shoot production within the branch. Growth-ring analysis showed that basal reiteration occurred over a wide range of axis ages (5-58 years). In conjunction with previous studies, we showed that adaptive reiteration of various architectural units by epicormic shoot production is an inherent process that maintains foliage in the crown of old P. menziesii trees.
2002年, Canadian Journal of Botany, 80 (9), 916 - 926, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Persistence of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) in temperate coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest Coast, USA
Old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forests of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America are characterized by the presence of large, old trees of Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Douglas-fir). Colonizing soon after a stand-replacing disturbance, P. menziesii persists in these forests, coexisting for centuries with the late-successional species. P. menziesii survives by maintaining emergent status in the uppermost part of the forest canopy, above the crowns of competing late-successional species. After reaching maximum tree height and crown size, P. menziesii maintains shoots and foliage of the established crown by epicormic shoot production. In this review, we propose that attaining emergent status in the upper canopy combined with the process of crown maintenance contributes to the persistence of P. menziesii into later stages of succession, making this species a long-lived pioneer that between infrequent disturbances can coexist with late-successional species for centuries.
ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC INST BOTANY, 2002年, FOLIA GEOBOTANICA, 37 (1), 63 - 69, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Crown structure of old-growth Douglas-fir in the western Cascade Range, Washington
Crown structure of old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) is characterized by low live-branch density, numerous dead branches and epicormic branches, high branch-size variability, and large gaps in the crown. These features define structural complexity of the crown and create variable crown microenvironments. For the 60 m tall, 400-year-old Douglas-fir trees measured in this study, number of live branches decreased and dead branches increased from the upper to lower crown. Dead branches were found below the lowest live branch indicating that crown recession had occurred. Live-branch biomass culminated at 45 m and decreased markedly below 35 m. Numerous vertical gaps between branches occurred below 40 m. Epicormic branches accounted for 14.6-47.5% of the total number of live branches per tree and contributed to increased crown depth. Epicormic branches filled inner regions of the crown, and contributed to increased branch-size variability. A model of crown structure developed for young trees could be fit to the upper crown of the study trees but could not be applied to the middle to lower crown because of increased branch-size variability. Relative levels of photosynthetically active radiation in the crown decreased with decreasing height, but a local peak occurred around 35-40 m, coinciding with the height of marked decrease in live-branch biomass.
CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS, 2001年07月, CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE, 31 (7), 1250 - 1261, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- The method of synthesis in ecology
Synthesis of results from different investigations is an important activity for ecologists but when compared with analysis the method of synthesis has received little attention, Ecologists usually proceed intuitively and this can lead to a problem in defining differences between the syntheses made by different scientists. It also leads to criticism from scientists favoring analytical approaches that the construction of general theory is an activity that does not follow the scientific method. We outline a methodology for scientific inference about integrative concepts and the syntheses made in constructing them and illustrate how this can be applied in the development of general theory from investigations into particular ecological systems, The objective is to construct a causal scientific explanation, This has four characteristics. (1) It defines causal and/or organizational processes that describe how systems function. (2) These processes are consistent - under the same conditions they will produce the same effect, (3) A causal scientific explanation provides general information about events of a similar kind. (4) When experiments are possible then a designed manipulation will produce a predictable response. The essential characteristic of making synthesis to construct a causal scientific explanation is that it is progressive and we judge progress made by assessing the coherence of the explanation using six criteria: acceptability of individual propositions including that they have been tested with data, consistency of concept definitions, consistency in the type of concepts used in making the explanation, that ad hoc propositions are not used, that there is economy in the number of propositions used, that the explanation applies to broad questions. We illustrate development of a causal scientific explanation for the concept of long-lived pioneer tree species, show how the coherence of this explanation can be assessed, and how it could be improved.
MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD, 2001年04月, OIKOS, 93 (1), 153 - 160, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Shoots and foliage on branches of old Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii (coastal Douglas-fir) trees are constantly renewed by epicormic shoot production. Epicormic shoots are produced in all parts of the crown, and epicormic buds remain dormant for 5 or 6 years on average. Epicormic shoot production results in reiteration of shoot cluster units (SCUs), an architectural unit of shoot organization within branches. Five phases of SCU development were identified based on relative age structures of regular and epicormic shoots. SCUs produce epicormic branchlets as early as 3 or 4 years of age, and peak production occurred around 6-13 years. Epicormic branchlets occur toward the proximal end of main axes of SCUs, where regular lateral branchlets are no longer producing new shoots. In some lower-crown branches, nearly 50% of shoots and foliage are epicormic shoots. Demographic analysis of SCUs showed that upper-crown branches are still growing in size, while mid- and lower-crown branches have reached maximum size, and are being maintained by reiteration of SCUs. Epicormic shoot production maintains shoots and foliage of old P. menziesii trees after height growth and crown expansion have stopped and may contribute to prolonging tree longevity.
2001年, Canadian Journal of Botany, 79 (3), 251 - 264, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Branch growth and crown form in old coastal Douglas-fir
Theoretical and empirical methods were applied to the analysis of branch growth and crown form in old trees of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France var. menziesii). Conventional use of allometric models proved insufficient in explaining the variability found in the relationship between branch diameter and length. In order to infer the potential pattern of branch growth, a maximum relationship was empirically estimated by selecting maximum points in an incremental fashion. This relationship asymptoted to infinity, suggesting that factors such as damage and die-back may modify the branch diameter-length relationship before an asymptotic maximum length is reached. The difference between the observed branch length and the estimated maximum branch length was found to be a good measure of the degree of branch damage. The degree of damage increased with increasing branch diameter, suggesting that large diameter branches have experienced more extensive damage and/or die-back. This trend was stronger in dead branches than in live branches. A conceptual model of branch growth is proposed where damage and die-back modify the branch diameter-length relationship, severe damage and die-back lead to branch death, and recovery helps to restore the relationship in live branches. The vertical distribution of branch diameters within the crown was analyzed to characterize crown form. An allometric model describing the maximum relationship between branch height and branch diameter was fit to each tree. Two types of distribution patterns were identified: the conical and rounded. The frequency distributions of branch diameters at three crown levels (upper, mid and lower crown) were also used to characterize crown form. Three crown types were characterized: the mature crown, old crown, and stressed crown. These crown types corresponded well with the vertical distribution patterns of maximum branch diameters. The two criteria are suggested as a useful tool for characterizing crown form in old coastal Douglas-fir for purposes of forest management. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2000年06月, FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 131 (1-3), 81 - 91, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 2000年, 日本生態学会誌, 50:65-70, 日本語北米温帯針葉樹林における単ロープ法を用いた林冠研究：巨大樹木にどう登るか
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Height growth and vertical development of an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest in southwestern Washington State, USA
A detailed analysis of diameter-height relationships was applied to an old-growth Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii - Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. forest in southwestern Washington State, U.S.A., to predict future development of vertical stratification among tree species. Differences among species in relative abundance and size structure resulted in diameter-height regressions of varying certainty and stability. Damage and shading had negative impacts on predicted heights and estimates of maximum attainable height (H-max) in all species. However, species varied as to the main causes and size dependency of damage in relation to tree height. Current height-growth rates of the upper canopy species declined with increasing tree height, reaching minimum values near the predicted H-max. The future development of the forest canopy would involve a slow invasion of the upper canopy by Tsuga heterophylla and Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, as P. menziesii are near their maximum attainable height, and Abies amabilis Dougl. ex Forbes and Taxus brevifolia Nutt. are restricted to the middle to lower canopy. However, if current height-growth rates continue, P. menziesii should maintain its dominant status in the upper canopy for at least another century.
NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA, 2000年01月, CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE, 30 (1), 17 - 24, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- Effects of the spatial arrangement of aerial stems and current-year shoots on the demography and growth of Hydrangea hirta in a light-limited environment
This study investigates the effects of the spatial arrangement of aerial stems and current-year shoots on patterns of herbivory, competition and on the requirements for mechanical support in Hydrangea hirta Sieb. et Zucc. growing in a light-limited environment. Stem demography was followed for three consecutive growing seasons. Stem mortality rates decreased with increasing stem age. Age-specific mortality rate was highest for new stems owing to the high incidence of herbivory. Mortality due to herbivory was low in older stems and was attributed to the dispersion of the risk of herbivore attack as a result of the increase in number of current-year shoots per stem. Clumping of stems led to intense intra-clonal competition as inferred from size-dependent mortality and density-dependent turnover of stems, and higher maximum stem length in clumps with higher stem density. Analysis of the spatial distribution of current-year shoots within the stem crown revealed a uniform, mono-layered crown architecture. The horizontal distribution of buds within the mono-layer was aggregated as a result of their opposite position, but as current-year shoots grew, their apices became uniformly distributed, resulting in efficient leaf display for light capture and shading out competing stems. However, limits on stem growth were observed in crown expansion, shoot production rate and current-year shoot size. Crown width increased with increasing basal diameter to reach a maximum. Both shoot production rate and current-year shoot size decreased with stem growth and a minimum current-year shoot size was defined. These limits on stem growth were attributed to suppression from intra-clonal competition and to the requirements for mechanical support of the mono-layered crown.
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 1997年07月, NEW PHYTOLOGIST, 136 (3), 443 - 453, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
- 1995年, Tropics, 4: 239-245, 英語Tree architecture in Ocotea (Lauracea): do ant- inhabited species differ structurally from non-ant-inhabited species?
[査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
MISC
- 2021年10月, 48 (10), 6 - 9, 日本語アーバンフォレストリーの評価と実践 (特集 都市のグリーンインフラとしての樹木・樹林の活用)
- 老齢天然林に生残する巨樹の生態学的視点からの保全価値の再評価 : 芦生研究林内保存木の維管束着生植物群集と林冠土壌
老齢天然林を有する京都大学芦生研究林の保存木の一つである樹高38m・胸高直径約355cmのカツラにツリークライミングによってアクセスし，着生する維管束植物群集とその環境特性を調査した。その結果，2017年時点で39種（高木24種, 低木12種, つる植物4種, 草本11種（うち7種がシダ類））が確認され，真性着生植物(obligate epiphytes) が8種（うち5種が希少種），通常地生性を示す偶発的着生植物(accidental epiphytes)が31種（うち1種が希少種）であった。偶発的着生植物にはシカ嗜好性種が多く含まれていた。保存木のカツラの樹形は，地上から約5mまでは大径の単幹で，その上部で複数の大径の幹にわかれた樹形の周辺に厚さ10cm以上堆積した有機物層（厚層林冠土壌）が形成され，最も多くの着生植物種が出現した。そこで，着生植物に対する林冠土壊の窒素可給性について調査した結果， 場所の違い（林冠・地上）よりも土層の違い（有機物暦・鉱質土暦）で規定された。表層から10cmまでの土壊に含まれる無機態窒素量の比較では，厚層林冠土壌は地上土壌（堆積有機物層と鉱質土層）の約半分を有し，硝酸態窒素量は少なかったが，アンモニウム態窒素は同等を有していた。分解作用を担う微生物の群集構造は林冠土壌と地上土壊間で異なっていたものの，微生物群集の機能的冗長性や硝化速度に関わるアンモニア酸化微生物の量が維持されることで，林冠土壊は維管束着生植物に利用可能な窒素を供給していることが示唆された。保存木のカツラの樹冠上部では日平均気温や気温の日格差が大きく，平均層厚が2cmの薄層林冠土壌が生育基盤となっていたが， 着生植物は高い葉の水利用効率によってこのような環境に順応していると考えられた。長きにわたり生存する貴重な生物としての巨樹そのものの生物学的価値に加えて，巨樹の生態学的な役割についても把握し，それらを共に保全していくことが必要である。
関西自然保護機構, 2021年08月, 地域自然史と保全 = Bulletin of Kansai Organization for Nature Conservation, 43 (1), 71 - 82, 日本語 日本海側（大山，白山，白神山地）と太平洋側（段戸山，三峰山，鷹ノ巣山）のブナ天然林を対象に，ヨーロッパブナで報告された乾燥関連性遺伝子27遺伝子領域の一塩基多型(以下，SNP)のブナへの適用可能性を試みた。その結果，10遺伝子領域がブナに適用可能であり，このうちSNPの変異性の高い4遺伝子領域を選別した。日本海側と太平洋側の地域間における遺伝的分化は非翻訳領域・同義置換領域で認められたが，非同義置換領域では認められなかった。最も集団サイズが小さく孤立化している鷹ノ巣山集団では，非同義置換をともなうSNPの対立遺伝子頻度が他の集団と異なり，アミノ酸の性質に変化をともなう遺伝的浮動の効果の可能性が示唆された。
中部森林学会事務局, 2021年05月30日, 中部森林研究, 69, 5 - 8, 日本語近年、管理放棄された里山二次林では、種多様性の低下や外来種の侵入など、様々な問題が発生している。本研究では、里山二次林の植生動態を把握することを目的とし、兵庫県南部の放棄里山林における約17年間の林分構造の変化を調査し、隣接する遷移後期照葉樹林と比較した。管理放棄されてから50年以上が経過していると考えられる里山二次林において、調査初期は個体数が多く、枯死率が低かったが、調査後期には個体数が減少し、枯死率が高くなった。調査期間を通して落葉広葉樹の胸高断面積合計が増加し続けていたことから、コナラ・アベマキなど落葉樹の林冠木は成長し続けていることが明らかになった。また、ツツジ類の生息数の減少と照葉樹林を種子供給源とする常緑広葉樹の侵入がみられることから、今後は照葉樹林へと遷移が進むことが予測される。一方、隣接する照葉樹林では、調査初期は個体数が増加し、後期にはあまり変化がみられなかった。台風による林冠ギャップが形成された場所では、低木層の個体数が増加したことから、ギャップ期、形成期、成熟期を含む定常状態であることが示唆された。
日本森林学会, 2021年05月24日, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 132, 439, 日本語気候変動によって樹木の生育環境がどのように変化するかは、不確実なため予測が難しい。変化する環境において樹木個体が生存・繁殖し続けるには、表現型可塑性をベースとした個体の順化能力が重要となる。個体の表現型可塑性については、これまで苗木を用いた産地試験によって研究されてきたが、成木を対象とした広域的な比較研究は困難であった。本研究では、成木の表現型可塑性の指標とすることを目的として、国内13か所のブナ集団において、葉の形態の個体内変異（ILP: intra-crown leaf plasticity）を比較した。葉面積などのILPは太平洋側および西日本の集団で低く、日本海側および北限・標高限界付近の集団で高かった。一方、葉の解剖特性については逆の傾向がみられたことから、個体内における形態変異から表現型可塑性を推定するためには、複数の指標を用いる必要があることがわかった。
日本森林学会, 2021年05月24日, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 132, 162, 日本語- 樹木医学会, 2020年04月30日, 樹木医学研究, 24 (2), 110 - 111, 日本語
- 2019年09月, AsiaFlux2019 Conference Proceedings, 154 - 154, 英語Contribution of whole-tree water storage to daily transpiration in conifer trees
記事・総説・解説・論説等（国際会議プロシーディングズ）
樹幹木部における水の輸送では、蒸散に起因する木部樹液内のテンションが重要である（凝集力―張力説）。強いテンション下では道管や仮道管はエンボリズムによって排水し空洞化するが、水分の供給があれば、その部位は再注水を経て通水が回復する。柔細胞類や木部繊維の再注水への関与を推測する報告はあるものの、発生の場やそのメカニズムは解明されていなかった。本研究ではクスノキを材料として、排水した道管への再注水のプロセスを機能解剖学の手法によって検討した。クスノキの切り枝に乾燥処理を施して強制的に排水させ、葉を取り除いた状態で、枝の基部を一定時間色素液に浸して吸入させた。色素液吸入量の測定とともに、排水した道管とその周辺組織への水分吸入の過程を光学顕微鏡観察により追跡し、どの細胞が排水した道管への再注水に寄与しているのかを、可視化して確認した。その結果、軸方向柔細胞および放射柔細胞の細胞壁と内容物、道管の壁孔と細胞壁の染色を確認した。道管が排水して水柱が途切れた場合には、軸方向柔細胞および放射柔細胞を介した道管内腔への水の移動があるものと推測された。
日本森林学会, 2019年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 130 (0), 297 - 297, 日本語中国原産の外来樹木トウネズミモチは明治初期に日本に導入され，近年その分布拡大が問題になっていることから，在来種との競合が懸念されている種である．本研究では，トウネズミモチと在来樹種の競合と生理・形態特性との関係を解明することを目的とした．トウネズミモチと在来種の種特性を比較することは競合の予測に繋がり，在来生態系の保全に役立つと考えられる．トウネズミモチと在来樹種との競合の有無を明らかにするため，兵庫県の西宮神社社叢において，トウネズミモチと同所的に分布する常緑広葉樹5種（ヤブニッケイ，ヤブツバキ，クロガネモチ，アラカシ，モッコク）を選定し，2003年から2015年までの個体群動態から競合の有無を解析した．また，トウネズミモチと在来樹種の葉の生理・形態特性を比較するため，最大光合成速度，葉の厚さ，比葉重などの機能形質および光環境を測定し，主成分分析を用いて解析した．個体群動態と主成分分析の結果から，トウネズミモチと在来樹種それぞれの生存戦略の違いおよび，トウネズミモチとの競合の可能性について考察した．
日本森林学会, 2019年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 130 (0), 324 - 324, 日本語近年，都市部の森林において侵略的外来種の分布拡大が問題となっている。木本の外来種ではトウネズミモチが森林に逸出し，近縁の在来種ネズミモチとの競合が懸念される。本研究では，様々な光環境に対する両種の順化・適応能力を比較するため，葉の形態形質の個体内・個体間変異（以下「可塑性」）を測定した。葉の乾重：面積比，クロロフィル・窒素濃度，最大光合成速度の個体内の可塑性に種間差はなかった。一方，多くの葉の形質において個体間の可塑性は，トウネズミモチの方がネズミモチよりも大きかった。これは，明るい環境に人為的に植栽されたネズミモチの可塑性が低かったことによるもので，たとえば最大光合成速度に関してはネズミモチが本来自生する光環境の範囲内ではトウネズミモチと同程度の可塑性を示した。トウネズミモチの侵略性には林縁部などの明るい環境における高い光合成速度による成長量の大きさが寄与していると考えられる。また，トウネズミモチは幅広い光環境に形態・生理的に順化・適応できることから，林縁部だけでなく，ネズミモチと競合する可能性のある林内を含む，様々な光環境における侵入・拡大に注意する必要がある。
日本森林学会, 2019年, 日本森林学会誌, 101 (5), 221 - 226, 日本語- 2018年, 生物学者、地球をいく（編集 小林真、工藤岳）, 日本語樹高100メートルの世界から
記事・総説・解説・論説等（商業誌、新聞、ウェブメディア）
- 雨水貯留浸透技術協会, 2018年, 水循環 = Journal of hydrological system : 貯留と浸透, 109, 18 - 22, 日本語グリーンインフラを活用した健全な都市緑地の創出に向けて (特集 "流域治水"と"グリーンインフラ")
- Oxford University Press, 2017年10月, Tree Physiology, 37 (10), 1263 - 1268, 英語
[査読有り]
その他
ブナ（Fagus crenata）についてはこれまで，北方の集団ほど葉面積が大きいことや，陽葉と陰葉の面積の差が大きいことが知られている。本研究では，5地域のブナを対象に，樹冠内における葉の形態変異を調査し，表現型可塑性について，地域間差の有無および，表現型可塑性と遺伝系統および環境条件の関係を明らかにすることを目的とした。葉の形態的可塑性は，開空度よりも相対高（葉の地上高/樹高）と高い相関を示した。これは，相対高が葉の光環境と水分条件の両者を反映しているからであると考えられる。開空度に対する葉面積の可塑性は，遺伝系統の違いと一致した。一方，葉の厚さおよび比葉面積（葉面積/葉乾重）の可塑性は，遺伝系統と一致しなかった。葉の厚さは相対高≒0.5付近でどの地域でも約0.25mmの値を示し，この値を中心に樹冠上部および下部にかけてそれぞれ葉が厚く，薄くなることで可塑性が生み出されていた。また，比葉面積は樹冠の最上部で0.1 m2 g‒1の最低値をとり，樹冠下部においてより大きい値を示す地域ほど可塑性が高かった。ブナの葉の形態的可塑性は，平均値よりも極端な気候条件と相関が高かったことから，環境変動の大きさに対する適応である可能性が示唆された。
応用森林学会, 2017年08月, 森林応用研究 = Applied forest science, 26 (2), 1 - 7, 日本語- 樹木医学会, 2017年, 樹木医学研究, 21 (1), 22 - 23, 日本語
スギ人工林の物資循環に品種が及ぼす影響を明らかにするために，九州大学宮崎演習林内に設定されたスギ品種試験地において，45年前に植栽されたクモトオシ，ヤイチ，オビアカ，メアサ，アヤスギの5品種のスギの窒素利用様式を比較した。 樹高，枝下高，胸高周囲長，樹冠上部および最下部の生葉ならびに落葉の炭素・窒素濃度，落葉前の窒素再転流率を用いて主成分分析を行った結果，第一主成分は，樹高などサイズ，成長に関する変数との相関が高く，寄与率は60%であった。また，第一主成分は，落葉の窒素濃度と正の相関，窒素の再転流率と負の相関があり，成長の遅い品種ほど窒素利用効率が高い傾向が見られた。第二主成分は，枝下高と負の相関があり，樹冠形に関与すると考えられた。また，枝下高が低い品種ほど生葉や落葉の窒素濃度が高い傾向があった。 クモトオシとヤイチの成長速度は速いが，クモトオシは枝下高が高く，樹体への窒素取り込み量はヤイチよりも少ない傾向があった。メアサとアヤスギの成長速度は遅いが，メアサは枝下高が低く，樹体への窒素取り込み量はアヤスギよりも多い傾向があった。
日本森林学会, 2017年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 128 (0), 541 - 541, 日本語樹木は固着性で長寿かつ巨大な生物であり、今日の樹木の生存繁栄には表現型可塑性を高め、より幅広い環境に適応するという方向への進化に依るところが大きいと考えられる。また表現型可塑性は同種内でも地域変異が見られること、遺伝はその主要因に成り得ず、環境に依るところが大きいということが示唆されている。本研究では日本に広く分布するブナを対象に表現型可塑性の地域変異を明らかにすることを目的とした。計9地域のブナ個体にロープやタワーで登り、樹冠の最上部から最下部まで数ヶ所で葉を採取し、葉の面積、厚さ等の形質について光環境や高さに対する表現型可塑性を調査した。また表現型可塑性の地域変異がどのような環境要因に影響されるのかを推定するために、各調査地の気象条件との関係を解析した。葉の乾燥重は、地域間よりも個体間での表現型可塑性の違いのほうが大きかったことから、各個体の置かれている環境に大きく影響されることが示唆された。一方、葉面積は、平均気温が高い地域ほど表現型可塑性は低くなる傾向がみられた。温暖化により平均気温が上昇した場合、ブナの表現型可塑性が低下し、環境変異に対する耐性の低下に繋がると考えられる。
日本森林学会, 2017年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 128 (0), 390 - 390, 日本語樹木の水輸送において樹体内の貯留水は重要な役割を担うが、その実態に関する研究は少ない。本研究ではスギを対象として貯留量とその内訳を明らかにすること、さらに蒸散による水分消失への貢献度を明らかにすることを目的とした。 10年生スギ3本を供試し、2015年8月10日に針葉の木部圧ポテンシャル(XPP)、蒸散速度、幹の伸縮量および樹液流量の日変化を測定した。翌日供試木を断幹し、立木吸水法により樹液流速から吸水量への換算式を得た。その後供試木は暗黒下で乾燥させながら重量とXPPを測定し、単木のpressure-volume曲線を得た。またP-V曲線の作成と同時に幹の収縮量を測定し、幹貯留水の変化量を得た。 P-V曲線から得られた貯留量は樹体の生重に対し、0-1MPaの範囲で平均7％、0-1.7MPaの範囲で16％であった。貯留量の内訳はいずれのXPPにおいても葉が90％、幹が10％と葉の割合が多かった。蒸散への貯留水の貢献度に関しては、早朝の蒸散開始時においては蒸散量のほとんどを貯留水で補っていたが、時間とともにその割合は低下し、蒸散のピーク以降ではマイナス供給となった。以上のことから、スギでは蒸散開始時に葉の貯留水の供給が重要な役割を担っているといえる。
日本森林学会, 2016年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 127 (0), 310 - 310, 日本語高木の樹冠内では光・水分環境が大きく異なり、葉の形態変化が資源獲得に大きく影響する。本研究では、林業上重要なヒノキ樹冠内における鱗状葉の光・水分環境への生理的順化反応を明らかにすることを目的とした。調査対象木は比叡山延暦寺所有の100年生ヒノキ造林地に植栽されたヒノキ3個体である。樹冠最上部と最下部から採取した葉を用い、形態特性として葉面積、葉乾重、分岐数を、生理特性として最大光合成速度、萎れ点の水ポテンシャル、飽水時の浸透圧、細胞の体積弾性率、および水分通導度を測定した。明るい樹冠上部の葉は、樹冠下部より比葉重が高く、葉面積当たり分岐数が多く、最大光合成速度が高かった。また、樹冠上部の葉は樹冠下部より萎れ点の水ポテンシャルが低く、葉面積当たり含水量が多い傾向が見られた。さらに、樹冠上部の葉は樹冠下部より細胞の体積弾性率や飽水時の浸透圧が低かった。水分通導度は樹冠内で一定であった。これらのことから、ヒノキ樹冠上部は光資源が豊富で、葉は光資源の獲得に有利な形態である一方で水ストレスを受けているが、硬い細胞壁による吸水力の向上や水分通導度の維持によって水ストレスに順化していると考えられる。
日本森林学会, 2016年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 127 (0), 316 - 316, 日本語樹木は高木になるほど、光合成に有利な光環境の良い梢端までの根からの水供給が物理的に困難となる（水ストレス）。近年、樹高50mのCryptomeria japonicaや樹高100mのSequoia sempervirensにおいて、梢端の葉の貯水能が高くなり水ストレスが補償されることが示唆された。しかし、葉の組織中で水分がどのように保持されているかは未解明である。本研究では、顕微赤外分光法をC. japonicaの葉横断切片に適用し、高さにともなう葉の水分及び化学成分を明らかにし、生理学的測定と比較した。葉横断面のスペクトルから得られた水分量（O-H吸収帯面積(3700–3000 cm-1)）は高さにともない増加し、生理学的測定と同様の傾向を示した。葉横断面のスペクトルから得られた糖類の量（C-O吸収帯面積(1190–845 cm-1)）は高さにともない増加していたが、生理学的測定において葉の浸透調節能は高さによらず一定であった。スペクトルマッピングによって水分・糖類量について葉横断面において分布を可視化でき、梢端の葉では葉肉組織中に水分・多糖類の分布が拡大していた。梢端の葉では多糖類が水分保持に寄与すると考えられる。
日本森林学会, 2016年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 127 (0), 317 - 317, 日本語- 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会, 2016年, 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 62 (0), 13 - 13, 日本語
都市化による水循環の変化は，都市環境問題の要因となっている。これに対しメルボルン市では，都市内の水循環を包括的に管理する Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) の概念に基づいた市街地整備が行われている。その一つに都市緑地を活用した水循環の管理があり，同市の都市緑地の管理手法はオーストラリア全土の管理手法の基盤となっている。本稿では同市における都市緑地管理および雨水を利用した都市緑地潅水システムの開発について紹介する。オーストラリア南部ビクトリア州では， 2006年から 2010年の干ばつにより，都市緑地も大きな被害を受けた。この経験を踏まえ同市は健全で高い多様性を保持する都市緑地を創造することを目指している。そのため市内全域で公有緑地の現状把握を行い，都市緑地の将来の状況を予測，モデリングするための取り組みやツールを確立した。また市街地の緑地では，流出雨水を利用した統合的潅水システムを導入した。これにより，洪水のリスク緩和と都市緑地への十分な潅水が期待されている。同市における WSUDの取り組みは，環境に配慮した都市緑地管理に関する示唆に富んでいる。
日本緑化工学会, 2016年, 日本緑化工学会誌, 42 (3), 455 - 459, 日本語- 2015年03月26日, 日本森林学会大会学術講演集, 126th, 208, 日本語ミズナラとプナの林冠木における道管形成および個葉光合成の季節変化とシンクソースバランス
自然回復緑化は、都市開発等により失われた二次林の復元を目的として行われる緑化であるが、まだその歴史は浅いため、様々な手法が乱立している。また、緑化目標の達成度は、植栽木の生存率や植被度で評価されることが多い。本研究では、周辺二次林との生態的連続性を目的として10年前に植栽された神戸市の緑化地において、緑化目標の達成度を生態学的な観点から評価した。その結果、緑化地は二次林と比べて垂直構造が未発達であること、目標林形である周辺二次林が遷移したこと、などが明らかになった。二次林の構造を再現するためには、遷移の方向を予測する必要があると考えられる。そこで、緑化地近隣の二次林の植生データ（個体数・胸高断面積）をもとに、多次元尺度構成法（ＭＤＳ）による解析を行った結果、二次林の植生変化は同一林分内でも多様であり、小面積の調査データをもとに緑化目標を設定すると、緑化地の植生は将来的に目標林とはかけ離れたものになる恐れがある。さらに、個体数は年変動が大きいため、設計時には周辺林分の構造（胸高断面積等）を参考にするべきであると考えられた。
日本森林学会, 2015年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 126 (0), 296 - 296, 日本語高木の葉の生理特性は、樹高成長にともない変化する光や水環境に起因して垂直的に変化しうる。また、個体サイズと樹齢は同時に変化するため、生理特性の変化に対する両者の影響の分離は難しい。本研究では、山梨県諏訪森国有林内の最大樹高（約30ｍ）に達した樹齢100年および300年のアカマツ(Pinus densiflora)を対象に、葉の光合成、水分生理、形態特性および組織構造の垂直変化を明らかにし、樹齢の影響を検証するため異なる樹齢間で葉の特性を比較した。300年生アカマツの光合成特性は100年生よりも陰葉的で、葉重あたりのクロロフィル含量および窒素含量が少ないことが要因に考えられた。しおれ点の水ポテンシャルは高さや光環境によらず一定であった。100年生アカマツでは高さや光環境にともない葉の貯水能が増加して膨圧維持能が高く、300年生アカマツでは細胞壁が硬く、葉面積当りの葉乾重（LMA）が100年生よりも大きいことから水分保持能が高いことが示唆された。transfusion tissueや樹脂道の割合は高さや光環境にともない増加し、樹齢による差はなかった。形態や組織構造は環境に適応的に変化する一方、樹齢による差は水分生理や光合成特性にみられた。
日本森林学会, 2015年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 126 (0), 360 - 360, 日本語樹幹の木部には葉で稼いだ光合成産物の多くが蓄積される。一方、木部の道管は個体の水輸送を担い、葉での光合成に必要となる。落葉広葉樹では、春先に葉と新しい木部とが形成される。特に、環孔材樹種では春先に形成された当年の孔圏道管が主たる通水を担い、その形成は開葉に先立って開始することが報告されている。これらの樹木では、葉と木部の形成および光合成の季節変化はどのように関連し、進行するのか？本研究ではミズナラとブナの林冠木を用い、葉の展開と最大光合成速度および樹幹の木部形成と木部内の貯蔵デンプンについて季節変化を調べた。
日本森林学会, 2015年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 126 (0), 79 - 79, 日本語
ミズナラでは展葉完了時期に当年最初の孔圏道管の形成が終了し、この時期の最大光合成速度は低かった。一方、ブナでは展葉の完了が早く、この時期には光合成速度も高かったが木部はまだ形成されていなかった。また、ミズナラはデンプンが当年の木部に見られた一方、ブナではほとんど見られなかった。これらの結果から、春先の炭素のシンク（葉と樹幹木部の形成）とソース（貯蔵養分と葉の光合成産物）の関係は両樹種で異なり、ミズナラの木部形成の炭素シンク能はより強く、貯蔵養分への依存度もより高いことが示唆された。将来的な天然スギ林の資源量を検討する上で、長命な樹木の成長傾向を予測できる頑健なモデルは必要不可欠である。樹木の肥大成長は内的要因(サイズ、樹齢)と外的要因(被圧、個体間競争など)の影響を受けるが、300年生前後の個体の成長にどのような要因が影響を及ぼしているか定量的に解析した例は限られる。そこで本研究では、天然秋田スギ林の林分構造を調査し、個体特性とサイズ、競争および局所環境因子(光資源・土壌水分)がスギ個体の成長におよぼす影響をモデル化した。
日本森林学会, 2015年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 126 (0), 98 - 98, 日本語
秋田県内の仁鮒水沢と二ッ井七座山の調査区にて毎木調査を実施した。両調査区ともに平均胸高直径80-100cmのスギ大径木が林分上層に優占しており、中間層にはトチノキやイタヤカエデが優占していた。スギの成長傾向を解析した結果、樹齢300年前後の個体の直径成長量は、対象木自身の個体サイズに依存していなかった。光資源の利用可能性は成長に強く影響していた一方、対象木周辺の競争個体の混み合い度の効果は認められなかった。また土壌水分量は、樹高と正の関係性が認められたが、直径成長については至適範囲の存在が示唆された。アーバンフォレストリーは，都市緑地および周辺の天然林を連続した生態系として持続的に管理する都市型森林管理である。本稿では， 2013～14年に行われたアーバンフォレストリーに関する 2つの国際学会に共通するテーマである都市緑地における生物多様性について，欧米の動向を紹介する。都市緑地において多様な樹種を植栽することは，生物多様性の創出だけでなく，伝染病や害虫被害のリスクを分散・低下させ，都市林の安定的な維持管理につながる。植栽樹種を選定する際は，種の由来(外来種・在来種) だけでなく，多様性や病害虫への抵抗性，持続可能性などといった，実用性で判断するのが現実的である。日本においても，都市緑地とかつての里山を含む都市近郊林を有機的に統合し，持続的に管理していくことによって，天然林や植栽林など，様々な由来の緑地を含む日本型アーバンフォレストが創生され，豊かな地域生態系が実現すると考えられる。
日本緑化工学会, 2015年, 日本緑化工学会誌, 40 (3), 505 - 507, 日本語記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）
- 2014年, What’s Up? The Newsletter of the International Canopy Network, 英語Climbing and Researching the Tallest Trees in Japan.
記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）
ヒノキ（Chamaecyparis obtusa）は枝に密着した鱗片状の葉（鱗状葉）が形態的特徴である。樹木は光などの環境条件や高さに応じて樹冠内で葉やシュートの形態が変化するが、鱗状葉という特異的なヒノキの葉が樹冠内でどのように変化するのかを明らかにするため、木曾御嶽山・高知市ノ又山・比叡山にある高齢ヒノキ計8個体（樹高25～33m）を調査した。樹冠内の様々な高さ（33～7m）において枝葉の採取および光環境の測定を行い、枝葉の分岐点を基準として枝葉先端から2分岐までの鱗状葉の形態特性を測定した。葉面積はどの高さでもほぼ同じであったが、乾重は樹冠上部ほど重く、LMA（葉面積当たりの葉乾重）は高さに比例して増加していた。また、LMAは開空度に対して対数関数的に増加していた。鱗状葉の長軸（枝軸方向の長さ）は樹冠上部ほど短かった。また、１分岐までの鱗状葉は幅に対する長軸が樹冠上部ほど短くなっていたが、2分岐目の鱗状葉ではどの高さもほぼ同じであった。ヒノキは鱗状葉の単位で形態的可塑性があり、樹冠下部に比べて光や風や水分など環境条件の変化が激しい樹冠上部においては、適応的に葉が形成されていくことが明らかとなった。
日本森林学会, 2014年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 125 (0), 323 - 323, 日本語天然生木曽ヒノキは歴史と伝統あるブランド材として知られ、特に大径材は文化財補修用材として重要である。安定供給を目的とした大径木育成技術を確立するには、長伐期施業の目標林型を明確にする必要があり、実在する老齢木曽ヒノキの林分構造を明らかにすることは、目標林型設定の一助になる。そこで本研究では、長野県三浦実験林の300年生木曽ヒノキ天然生林において40m×50mのプロットを設置し、プロット内の立木のサイズ構成（樹高、直径、枝下高、根上がり高）を明らかにした。さらに、立木の空間配置様式を明らかにするために、プロット内の全生存個体の位置をXY座標で表現し、RipleyのK関数法(Ripley 1981)による点過程解析を行った。
日本森林学会, 2014年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 125 (0), 351 - 351, 日本語
約300年生木曽ヒノキ林を対象とした他の研究結果(三村ら 2007, 鈴木ら 2009, Matsushita et al. 2014)と比較して,平均樹高に差が見られなかったが、平均胸高直径は小さかった(p<0.05)。立木配置は1～3ｍの空間スケールで集中分布を示し、約8mの空間スケールで規則分布を示した。プロット内の個体が倒木・根株上に集中的に更新し、その更新基質である倒木・根株が規則的に配置されていた結果であると考えられる。屋久島では江戸時代に強度の伐採が長期的に行われ、その後一斉に更新した約200年生のスギ（高齢木）と当時伐採されなかった樹齢1000年以上のスギ（老齢木）が混在した異齢混交林が存在する。老齢木は樹形不良などの理由で伐採されずに現在まで残存しており、林業的には価値が低い。一方、老齢木には多くの着生植物が存在することから、森林の種多様性に寄与すると考えられる。そこで本研究では、高齢木・老齢木各4個体にロープをかけて登り、着生木本植物群落を調査した。その結果、老齢木に着生する木本植物の種数および個体数は、高齢木の1.8～6倍および5～98倍であった。調査プロット（100m×100m）内の地上と樹上の木本植物の多様度は同程度であったが、老齢木には地上には存在しない固有種のアクシバモドキやヤクシマシャクナゲを含む樹種が5種確認され、地上とは大きく異なる群落構造を示した。本研究の結果から、過去の伐採を免れたlegacy treeとしての老齢木を保護することは、ヤクスギ林の種多様性維持に貢献すると考えられる。
日本森林学会, 2014年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 125 (0), 587 - 587, 日本語- 日本蘚苔類学会, 2013年, 蘚苔類研究, 10 (12), 430 - 430, 日本語
列状間伐を行った兵庫県の47年生スギ人工林において下層植生が節足動物相に与える影響を明らかにするため, 間伐林分および隣接する対照林分において下刈りを行い, アリ群集構造の変化を調査した。アリ類の種数に林分間の差はなかったが, 種構成は異なっており, 間伐林分は広域生息種によって, 対照林分は森林性種によって特徴付けられた。アリ群集構造に対する下刈りの効果は林分間で異なっており, 環境適応性が高く, 撹乱に強い種によって特徴付けられる間伐林分の群集構造は, 下刈りの影響を受けにくいが, 森林環境に特化した種によって特徴付けられる対照林分の群集構造は, 撹乱に対して脆弱であることが示唆された。下刈りがアリ群集構造に与える影響は間伐に比べて小さかったものの, 強度間伐を実施した人工林において林冠閉鎖後も多様な下層植生構造を維持し, 幅広い生育環境を確保すれば, 広域生息種と森林性種の共存が可能となり, アリ類の種多様性が増大すると考えられる。
日本森林学会, 2013年, 日本森林学会誌, 95 (2), 95 - 100, 日本語レーザーリモートセンシング技術の発展により、これまで不可能であった樹木構造把握が可能となってきた。本研究では地上レーザーを用いて詳細に樹木構造データを取得し、3次元点群データから樹木の幹枝を分類し、各構造を測定した。樹木構造の把握は、コンピュータグラフィックの技術を用いて、レーザー点群に対し内挿する表面を作成した。地上レーザー計測を北海道から滋賀まで様々な樹種を対象に行い、得られたデータを解析し、現地調査したデータと比較した。現地調査は伐倒やロープ登攀によって取得した。研究結果は、胸高直径はどの樹種に対しても3cm以内の誤差で測定可能であり、樹高は地上からのレーザー照射にも関わらず、50cm以内の誤差で測定できた。地上レーザーは航空機レーザーによるデータ取得と視点が異なるため、今後効率の良いサンプル手法が必要である。また枝葉構造の把握も可能であるが、レーザー照射可能距離がセンサーによって異なることから、樹木測定に有効な照射範囲を今後考慮する必要があることがわかった。
日本森林学会, 2013年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 124 (0), 349 - 349, 日本語６０年生ヒノキ人工林に対して行われた強度間伐の影響を，１５年後の７５年生時に評価した。強度間伐によって低木層から亜高木層が発達したが，そのことにより林床の植生は衰退した。下層植生（亜高木，低木，林床）は現存量で５％を，NPPで１８％を占めており，炭素固定機能に大きな貢献をしていると考えられた。下層植生の純一次生産の大半は葉リターに分配されており，土壌への炭素供給が加速化されていることが示唆された。一方で，低木層に発達した６４種のうち種子散布を行っているのは１１種に過ぎず，現段階では，植物の種多様性が持続されるフェーズにはいたっていないと考えられた。
日本森林学会, 2013年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 124 (0), 500 - 500, 日本語- 日本森林学会, 2011年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 123 (0), L12 - L12, 日本語
- 日本生態学会, 2010年03月31日, 日本生態學會誌, 60 (1), 41 - 42, 日本語定量的かつ客観的な生態系管理の実現に向けて
- 日本森林学会, 2010年, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 121 (0), 344 - 344, 日本語異質土壌環境下におけるヒノキの細根およびシュートの形態的・生理的可塑性:地下部と地上部のつながり
- 2009年06月26日, 根の研究 = Root research, 18 (2), 76 - 76, 日本語樹木細根呼吸量を規定しているものは何なのか? : ヒノキ林における細根形態特性および土壌栄養条件から考える
- 2006年, 日本生態学会大会講演要旨集, 53rd針葉樹の樹形と生理機能の相互作用:シュート光合成の順化反応におけるシュート三次元構造と生理特性の相互寄与率
- 日本生態学会, 2003年, 日本生態学会大会講演要旨集, 50 (0), 296 - 296, 日本語カムチャツカ半島中央低地帯におけるハイマツ(Pinus pumila)のニッチと環境可塑性
- 2002年, 日本生態学会大会講演要旨集, 49th林床チシマザサの除去がダケカンバ林冠葉のフェノロジーを変える 土壌条件の変化と個葉~シュートレベルでの光合成生産
書籍等出版物
- 共著, 高木の水輸送, 共立出版, 2020年04月木本植物の生理生態
- 共編者(共編著者), 朝倉書店, 2019年04月, 日本語, ISBN: 9784254470543森林生態学
学術書
- 共著, 共立出版, 2013年, 日本語エコシステムマネージメント－包括的な生態系の保全と管理へ－
学術書
- 共著, Springer, 2011年10月, 英語Size and age-related changes in tree structure and function
学術書
- 共著, 共立出版, 2010年11月, 日本語森林生態学
学術書
- 共著, Elsevier Academic Press., 2004年, 英語Age-related developmnet of canopy structure in temperate forest ecosystems. (pp.102-117. In:Forest Canopies.M.D.Lowman and H.B. Rinker, eds.
学術書
講演・口頭発表等
- 日本緑化工学52回大会, 2021年09月, 日本語自然林再生を目的とした緑化地における40年間の植生動態.
ポスター発表
- The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Forests, 2021年09月, 英語Spatial and temporal variation of species composition and > structure of unmanaged secondary forest (abandoned *satoyama*) adjacent to > late-successional forest
ポスター発表
- 9th EAFES International Congress, 2021年07月10日, 英語Preditcing succession of unmanaged secondary forest from spatio-temporal variation of stand structure relative to the adjacent late-successional forest
ポスター発表
- 中部森林学会, 2020年12月SSRマーカーとSCoTマーカーを用いたブナ集団の地理的な遺伝的変異パターンの比較
- 第131回日本森林学会大会, 2020年03月27日, 日本語日本各地のブナ集団における葉の形態的可塑 性の地理的変異
口頭発表（一般）
- 第67回日本生態学会大会, 2020年03月08日, 日本語高温環境に対する緑化樹木の順化と耐性
ポスター発表
- 第66回日本生態学会, 2019年03月, 日本語, 神戸, 国内会議都市林における常緑広葉樹種の葉の光合成形質の可塑性
ポスター発表
- 第130回日本森林学会, 2019年03月, 日本語, 新潟, 国内会議都市林における外来種トウネズミモチと在来樹種との競合の可能性
ポスター発表
- 第６６回日本生態学会, 2019年03月, 日本語, 神戸, 国内会議クスノキ老大木の通水構造（2） 老木と成木の通水構造の比較
ポスター発表
- 第69回木材学会大会, 2019年03月, 日本語, 日本木材学会, 函館, 国内会議クスノキの排水した道管への再注水に対する柔細胞類の寄与
ポスター発表
- 第130回森林学会大会, 2019年03月, 日本語, 日本森林学会, 新潟, 国内会議クスノキの排水した道管への再注水に対する柔細胞類の寄与
ポスター発表
- 第66回日本生態学会, 2019年03月, 英語, 神戸, 国内会議Structure and function of forest canopies: from world-record trees to plantations
シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（公募）
- 第66回日本生態学会, 2019年03月, 英語, 神戸, 国内会議Height-related variations of leaf traits reflect strategies for maintaining photosynthetic and hydraulic homeostasis in tall Pinus densiflora trees
口頭発表（一般）
- 第23回樹木医学会, 2018年10月, 日本語, 福岡, 国内会議都市緑化におけるトウネズミモチとネズミモチの競合の可能性
ポスター発表
- 第49回日本緑化工学会, 2018年09月, 日本語, 東京, 国内会議侵入性外来樹木トウネズミモチの生理特性に関する研究
ポスター発表
- 第49回日本緑化工学会, 2018年09月, 日本語, 東京, 国内会議屋上緑化現場での強風に対する生理・形態的応答樹種間比較
ポスター発表
- 8th International Congress of the East Asian Federation of Ecological Societies, 2018年04月, 英語, 国際会議Large Cryptomeria trees retained after intensive logging functioned as refugia for canopy woody plants in Yakushima
ポスター発表
- 8th International Congress of the East Asian Federation of Ecological Societies, 2018年04月, 英語, 国際会議Height-related changes in hydraulic structure of old Cinnamomum camphora: trade-off between hydraulic conductivity and safety
ポスター発表
- 8th International Congress of the East Asian Federation of Ecological Societies, 2018年04月, 英語, 名古屋, 国際会議Canopy vascular plant community and arboreal soil characteristics on a large, long-lived Cercidiphyllum japonicum tree in a temperate forest
ポスター発表
- 第65回日本生態学会大会, 2018年03月, 日本語, 札幌, 国内会議都市環境における風に対する樹木の生理・形態的応答
ポスター発表
- 第６５回日本生態学会大会, 2018年03月, 日本語, 札幌, 国内会議芦生研究林内保存木の保全生態学的研究－着生植物群集と林冠土壌－
ポスター発表
- 第６５回日本生態学会大会, 2018年03月, 日本語, 札幌, 国内会議クスノキ老大木の通水構造：高さにともなう通水性と安全性のトレードオフ
ポスター発表
- ９thPacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, 2017年09月, 英語, Bali, Indonesia, 国際会議Seasonal changes of leaf photosynthetic rate, stored starch and vessel formation in shoots and tree stems of two deciduous broad-leaved tree species
ポスター発表
- 26th IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Impacts on Forest Ecosystems, 2017年09月, 英語, TOkyo, 国際会議Phenotypic plasticity of Fagus crenata: implications for persistence under climate change
ポスター発表
- ９th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, 2017年09月, 英語, Bali, Indonesia, 国際会議Anatomy and hypothetical experiments to demonstrate the role of parenchyma and tracheids to keep water conduction in Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl.
ポスター発表
- 第128回日本森林学会, 2017年03月, 日本語, 鹿児島大学, 国内会議気候条件からみたブナの葉の表現型可塑性
ポスター発表
- 第64回日本生態学会, 2017年03月, 日本語, 早稲田大学, 国内会議ブナの表現型可塑性とその地域変異
ポスター発表
- 樹木医学会21回大会, 2016年11月, 日本語, 樹木医学会, 神戸市, 国内会議マツ枯れ・ナラ枯れ後の里山二次林における維持管理手法の検討
口頭発表（一般）
- 第67回応用森林学会, 2016年11月, 日本語, 愛媛大学, 国内会議ブナの葉における形態的可塑性の地域間差
口頭発表（一般）
- 第21回樹木医学会, 2016年11月, 日本語, 神戸大学, 国内会議コノテガシワ園芸品種における葉枯れは水ストレスが関与している？
ポスター発表
- The 9th International Symposium of Pine Wilt Disease, 2016年08月, 英語, IUFRO, 韓国、ソウル市, 国際会議Sustainable management of "Satoyama" secondary forest after the extensive damages by pine wilt in the western Japan
ポスター発表
- 第６３回日本生態学会大会, 2016年03月, 日本語, 仙台, 国内会議放置里山林における森林再生を考慮した資源利用の検討
ポスター発表
- 第１２７回日本森林学会大会, 2016年03月, 日本語, 藤沢, 国内会議顕微赤外分光法による高木のスギ針葉の水分保持メカニズムの解明
ポスター発表
- 第６３回日本生態学会大会, 2016年03月, 日本語, 仙台, 国内会議ヒノキ樹冠部における鱗状葉の通水性維持-transfusion tissueの役割
ポスター発表
- 第１２７回日本森林学会大会, 2016年03月, 日本語, 藤沢, 国内会議100年生ヒノキ鱗状葉の通水性維持機構
ポスター発表
- 2nd International Conference on Urban Tree Diversity, 2016年02月, 英語, Melbourne, 国際会議Visualizing and evaluating secondary forest restoration success using Bray-Curtis ordination: case studies from Japan
口頭発表（一般）
- 2nd International Conference on Urban Tree Diversity, 2016年02月, 英語, Melbourne, 国際会議Vegetation recovery after removal of invasive Trachycarpus fortunei in a fragmented urban shrine forest
ポスター発表
- 2nd International Conference on Urban Tree Diversity, 2016年02月, 英語, 国際会議Leaf withering in ornamental cultivars of Thuja orientalis may be caused by water stress
ポスター発表
- 第66回応用森林学会, 2015年10月, 日本語, 岡山, 国内会議ヒノキ鱗状葉の形態と生理機能に関する研究
口頭発表（一般）
- 第45回日本緑化工学会大会, 2015年09月, 日本語, 藤沢, 国内会議施工後35年が経過した緑化地における木本群落回復の定量的評価
ポスター発表
- 第62回日本生態学会, 2015年03月, 日本語, 鹿児島, 国内会議天然林‐人工林エコトーンにおける植生変化
ポスター発表
- 第126回日本森林学会, 2015年03月, 日本語, 札幌, 国内会議天然性二次林の群落構造は再現できるのか？－定量的評価法の開発―
ポスター発表
- 126回日本森林学会大会, 2015年03月, 日本語, 日本森林学会, 札幌, 国内会議天然性二次林の群落構造は再現できるのか? ―定量的評価法の開発―
ポスター発表
- 第62回日本生態学会大会, 2015年03月, 日本語, 日本生態学会, 国内会議西宮神社社叢林における侵入種除去後の植生回復
ポスター発表
- 第62回日本生態学会大会, 2015年03月, 日本語, 鹿児島, 国内会議照葉樹高木の葉の形態・生理特性：個体内・個体間における可塑性の違い
ポスター発表
- 第126回日本森林学会, 2015年03月, 日本語, 札幌, 国内会議樹齢300年前後の天然秋田スギの肥大成長特性: 個体特性とサイズ、競争および環境効果の統合的モデリング
口頭発表（一般）
- 第62回日本生態学会大会, 2015年03月, 日本語, 鹿児島, 国内会議樹上の世界に魅せられて－針葉樹の高木・老木における生理生態学的研究
口頭発表（一般）
- 第62回日本生態学会大会, 2015年03月, 日本語, 日本生態学会, 鹿児島, 国際会議自然回復緑化における群落再生の評価方法
ポスター発表
- 第126回日本森林学会, 2015年03月, 日本語, 札幌, 国内会議最大樹高に達した異樹齢アカマツにおける葉の生理特性の比較
ポスター発表
- 第126回日本森林学会, 2015年03月, 日本語, 札幌, 国内会議ミズナラとブナの林冠木における道管形成および個葉光合成の季節変化とシンクソースバランス
口頭発表（一般）
- URBIO 2014 International Network on Urban Biodiversity and Design Conference, 2014年10月, 英語, International Consortium of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Incheon, 国際会議Vegetation recovery after removal of invasive Trachycarpus fortunei in an urban shrine forest in Japan
ポスター発表
- URBIO 2014 International Network on Urban Biodiversity and Design Conference, 2014年10月, 英語, International Consortium of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Incheon, 国際会議Japanese oak wilt and grazing damage by shika deer are threatening the health of secondary forests, "satoyama"
ポスター発表
- 第25回日本緑化工学会大会, 2014年09月, 日本語, 日本緑化工学会, 帯広, 国際会議造成後約40年経過した大阪万博記念公園樹林地の林分構造
ポスター発表
- 第24回日本景観生態学会大会, 2014年06月, 日本語, 景観生態学会, 金沢, 国際会議西宮神社社叢林における5年間の植生構造の変遷
ポスター発表
- International Conference on Urban Tree Diversity, 2014年06月, 英語, ISA, Alnarp, 国際会議Pursuing a moving target: restoration of natural secondary forests in urban Japan
ポスター発表
- International Conference on Urban Tree Diversity, 2014年06月, 英語, International Society for Arboriculture, Alnarp, 国際会議Ovipositing preferences of Japanese gypsy moth in a suburban secondary forest in western Japan
ポスター発表
- International Conference on Urban Tree Diversity, 2014年06月, 英語, ISA, Alnarp, 国際会議Does adjacent late-successional forest prevent plagiosere of fragmented and abandoned secondary forest in sub-urban Japan?
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会近畿地区会, 2014年04月, 日本語, 日本生態学会, 大阪, 国内会議Moving Target-遷移する目標林と自然回復緑化
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会, 2014年03月, 日本語, 広島, 国内会議照葉樹の葉の光順化における可塑性の比較，第61回日本生態学会大会
ポスター発表
- 第61回日本生態学会大会，PA2-175, 2014年03月, 日本語, 日本生態学会, 広島, 国内会議自然林再生を目的とした緑化地における植生遷移
ポスター発表
- 第64回日本木材学会大会, 2014年03月, 日本語, 日本木材学会, 松山, 国内会議Transfusion tissueは樹高50m秋田スギ針葉内の貯水に寄与するのか
ポスター発表
- 日本緑化工学会23回大会, 2013年, 日本語, 鳥取, 国内会議神戸層群における天然林再生を目的とした法面緑化：10年後の経過報告
ポスター発表
- 日本景観生態学会23回大会, 2013年, 日本語, 盛岡, 国内会議植栽後10 年が経過した自然林再生緑化地の景観評価
ポスター発表
- 第59回日本生態学会, 2013年, 日本語, 静岡, 国内会議高木の樹冠における水ストレスと葉の水分生理特性：樹高100ｍのセコイアメスギにみられる調節メカニズム
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本蘚苔類学会第42回大会, 2013年, 日本語, 岡山, 国内会議屋久杉に着生する蘚苔類の分布と生態的特徴
ポスター発表
- 第18回日本植生学会, 2013年, 日本語, 仙台, 国内会議ヤクスギ老齢木に着生する木本植物群落
口頭発表（一般）
- 第77回日本植物学会大会, 2013年, 日本語, 札幌, 国内会議ヒノキの非同化器官表面積のスケーリング
口頭発表（一般）
- 第63回日本木材学会, 2013年, 日本語, 盛岡, 国内会議セコイアメスギの葉には、高さにともなう水ストレスの影響を緩和する機能があるか？
ポスター発表
- 123回日本森林学会大会, 2012年, 日本語, 宇都宮, 国内会議森林の三次元構造計測：技術と応用
口頭発表（一般）
- 第2回ELR合同大会, 2012年, 日本語, 東京, 国内会議強度剪定後の緑化樹木の回復過程の研究．第2回ELR合同大会
ポスター発表
- 植生学会第17回大会, 2012年, 日本語, 千葉, 国内会議屋久杉に着生する蘚苔類の垂直分布
ポスター発表
- 123回日本森林学会大会, 2012年, 日本語, 宇都宮, 国内会議レーザー測量によるヒノキ人工林のバイオマス推定
口頭発表（一般）
- 5th East Asian Federation of Ecological Societies International Congres, 2012年, 英語, Ohtsu, 国際会議Succulent tree-top leaves of tall Sequoia sempervirens store water
ポスター発表
- 5th East Asian Federation of Ecological Societies International Congres, 2012年, 英語, Ohtsu, 国際会議Does within-canopy plasticity increase stand productivity?
ポスター発表
- 第122回日本森林学会大会, 2011年, 日本語, 静岡, 国内会議林冠の三次元構造と多様性・生産性の関係
口頭発表（一般）
- 第122回日本森林学会大会, 2011年, 日本語, 静岡, 国内会議壮齢人工林の３次元構造と一次生産
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本景観生態学会第21回大会, 2011年, 日本語, 千葉, 国内会議常緑広葉樹林に隣接する里山放棄林の植生動態
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会近畿地区会2011年度第2回例会, 2011年, 日本語, 国内会議樹上100ｍの水ストレス？セコイアメスギの葉の水分生理特性
口頭発表（一般）
- 第122回日本森林学会大会, 2011年, 日本語, 静岡, 国内会議異なる年次および立地におけるスギクローンの光合成特性
ポスター発表
- 第122回日本森林学会大会, 2011年, 日本語, 静岡, 国内会議スギ列状間伐林における環境要因が及ぼすアリ群集構造の変異
ポスター発表
- 第42回日本緑化工学会大会, 2011年, 日本語, 千葉, 国内会議クスノキ挿木苗の生理・形態特性 : 実生苗との比較
ポスター発表
- 日本昆虫学会近畿支部2010年度大会, 2010年12月, 日本語, 兵庫県立人と自然の博物館、三田市, 国内会議スギ人工林における列状間伐後のアリ種組成の変化
口頭発表（一般）
- 121回日本森林学会大会, 2010年, 日本語, つくば, 国内会議不成績造林地における地上部生産量の地形と植栽木の影響
ポスター発表
- 第5７回日本生態学会大会, 2010年, 日本語, 東京, 国内会議屋久島針広混交林の階層構造
ポスター発表
- 121回日本森林学会大会, 2010年, 日本語, つくば, 国内会議異質土壌環境下におけるヒノキの細根およびシュートの形態的・生理的可塑性
ポスター発表
- 第56回日本生態学会大会, 2009年, 日本語, 盛岡, 国内会議常緑広葉樹におけるシュート構造と通導機能
ポスター発表
- 第56回日本生態学会大会, 2009年, 日本語, 盛岡, 国内会議孤立林におけるネズミモチ・トウネズミモチの競合：異なる光環境に対する順化反応
ポスター発表
- 第120回日本森林学会大会, 2009年, 日本語, 京都, 国内会議90年生ヒノキ人工林における枝・葉現存量の推定
ポスター発表
- 第55回日本生態学会大会, 2008年, 日本語, 福岡, 国内会議兵庫県西宮神社社叢の植生管理－林内移植樹の明・暗順化反応－
ポスター発表
- 第55回日本生態学会大会, 2008年, 日本語, 福岡, 国内会議個葉の暗順化と個体の暗順化―異なる被陰方法に対する光合成能力の変化－
ポスター発表
- 第119回日本森林学会大会, 2008年, 日本語, 東京, 国内会議ヒノキ高齢林における間伐と林分構造の関係
口頭発表（一般）
- XXIII International Congress of Entomology, 2008年, 英語, Durban, South Africa, 国際会議The importance of line thinning to arthropod conservation and ecosystem management in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantations
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会53回大会, 2007年, 日本語, 松山, 国内会議北米冷温帯針葉樹林の下層におけるツガとモミの共存機構－光獲得と光合成の視点から
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会53回大会, 2007年, 日本語, 松山, 国内会議分枝と枝通導性の関係
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会53回大会, 2007年, 日本語, 松山, 国内会議京都府南部落葉広葉樹二次林におけるコバノミツバツツジとモチツツジの樹形とフェノロジ―
ポスター発表
- 第118回日本森林学会大会, 2007年, 日本語, 福岡, 国内会議温帯林における林冠構造、生産性、生物多様性の相互作用温帯林
[招待有り]
口頭発表（招待・特別）
- 第117回日本森林学会大会, 2006年03月, 日本語, 東京, 国内会議無間伐高齢ヒノキ林における斜面位置が個体間競争に及ぼす影響
口頭発表（一般）
- 第117回日本森林学会大会, 2006年, 日本語, 東京, 国内会議無間伐高齢ヒノキ林における斜面位置が個体感競争に及ぼす影響
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会52回大会, 2006年, 日本語, 新潟, 国内会議低木樹種コバノミツバツツジ(Rhododendron reticulatum)における樹冠の発達と分枝構造
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会52回大会, 2006年, 日本語, 新潟, 国内会議針葉樹の樹形と生理機能の相互作用：シュート光合成の順化反応におけるシュート三次元構造と生理特性の相互寄与率
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会52回大会, 2006年, 日本語, 新潟, 国内会議侵入種除去による孤立社寺林の植生維持・管理方法の提唱
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会52回大会, 2006年, 日本語, 新潟, 国内会議社寺林における林縁効果と侵入種問題：保全・管理への積極的な取り組み
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会52回大会, 2006年, 日本語, 新潟, 国内会議孤立社寺林における20 年間の林分構造の変化
ポスター発表
- International Conference on Ecological Restoration in East Asia, 2006年, 英語, Osaka, 国際会議The importance of line thinning toward ecosystem management in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantations, centeral Japan
ポスター発表
- International Conference on Ecological Restoration in East Asia, 2006年, 英語, Osaka, 国際会議Edge effects, invasive species and ecological restoration in fragmented shrine forests in southern Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
口頭発表（一般）
- 第116回日本森林学会大会, 2005年03月, 日本語, 日本森林学会, 札幌, 国内会議長伐期を目指して非営利的に管理された高齢ヒノキ林の林分構造-比叡山延暦寺が管理する90年生ヒノキ林の場合
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会52回大会, 2005年03月, 日本語, 日本生態学会, 大阪, 国内会議光環境に応じたコバノミツバツツジのモジュール構造の形態的変異
口頭発表（一般）
- 第116回日本森林学会大会, 2005年, 日本語, 札幌, 国内会議長伐期を目指して非営利的に管理された高齢ヒノキ林の林分構造- 比叡山延暦寺が管理する９０年生ヒノキ林の場合
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会52回大会, 2005年, 日本語, 大阪, 国内会議光環境に応じたコバノミツバツツジのモジュール構造の形態的変異
ポスター発表
- 4th International Canopy Conference, 2005年, 英語, Leipzig, Germany, 国際会議What happens after maximum crown size is reached? -Adaptive reiteration as a mechanism for crown maintenance
口頭発表（一般）
- 2nd East Asian Federation of Ecological Societies International Congres, 2005年, 英語, Osaka, 国際会議Vertical change in shoot morphology within a 100m-tall Sequoia sepmervirens crown
口頭発表（一般）
- 78th Annual Meeting of the Northwest Scientific Association, 2005年, 英語, Corvallus, USA, 国際会議Reiteration from epicormic buds maintains crown productivity in old-growth Douglas-fir trees
口頭発表（一般）
- 78th Annual Meeting of the Northwest Scientific Association, 2005年, 英語, Corvallus, USA, 国際会議Differentiation of modular autonomy and correlation in the development of crown architecture of Rhododendron reticulatum
ポスター発表
- 78th Annual Meeting of the Northwest Scientific Association, 2005年, 英語, Corvallus, USA, 国際会議Biomass and decomposition of dead branches in the canopy of 450-year-old Douglas-fir trees
ポスター発表
- 28th International Congress of Psychology, 2005年, 英語, Bejiing, 国際会議A. Cross-cultural comparison on the relationship of environmental awareness and environmentally-friendly behavior
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会50回大会, 2004年, 日本語, 筑波, 国内会議里山広葉樹二次林におけるコバノミツバツツジの萌芽による個体群動態
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会51回大会, 2004年, 日本語, 日本生態学会, 釧路, 国内会議里山広葉樹二次林におけるコバノミツバツツジの樹冠の三次元解析
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会51回大会, 2004年, 日本語, 日本生態学会, 未記入, 国内会議北米温帯針葉樹林における樹上の枯死枝の現存量と分解過程
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会51回大会, 2004年, 日本語, 釧路, 国内会議北米温帯針葉樹林におかる樹上の枯死枝の現存量と分解過程
ポスター発表
- 第115回日本森林学会大会, 2004年, 日本語, 東京, 国内会議北海道北部のダケカンバ林に対する林床チシマザサ除去の影響 -林冠構造，林内光環境そして林冠木の動態
ポスター発表
- 第115回日本森林学会大会, 2004年, 日本語, 東京, 国内会議北海道北部のダケカンバ林に対する林床チシマザサ除去の影響
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会51回大会, 2004年, 日本語, 釧路, 国内会議兵庫県南部の孤立社寺林における林縁効果の季節変化．ポスター発表
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会51回大会, 2004年, 日本語, 日本生態学会, 釧路, 国内会議兵庫県南部の孤立社寺林における林縁効果の季節変化
ポスター発表
- 日本腐植物質学会第20回講演会, 2004年, 日本語, 日本腐植物質学会, 千葉, 国内会議水溶性腐植物質の動態と構造特性
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本グループダイナミクス学会第51回大会, 2004年, 日本語, 名古屋, 国内会議環境配慮行動における日米比較研究
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本土壌肥料学会, 2004年, 日本語, 日本土壌肥料学会, 福岡, 国内会議リター及び土壌中の水溶性腐植物質の採取法についての検討
ポスター発表
- IUFRO International Workshop on Landscape Ecology 2004, 2004年, 英語, 未記入, Tsukuba, Japan, 国内会議Seasonal variation of edge effects on the vegetation, light environment and microclimate of primary, secondary and artificial forest fragments in southeastern Hyogo Prefecture.
口頭発表（一般）
- IUFRO International Workshop on Landscape Ecology, 2004年, 英語, Tsukuba, 国際会議Seasonal variation of edge effects on the vegetation, light environment and microclimate of primary, secondary and artificial forest fragments in southeastern Hyogo Prefecture
口頭発表（一般）
- 10th Annual Scientific Meeting, Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility., 2004年, 英語, 未記入, Stevenson, WA., 国際会議How Douglas-fir establishes its crown at maturity and maintains is in old age.
その他
- 10th Annual Scientific Meeting, Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility., 2004年, 英語, 未記入, Stevenson, WA., 国際会議Biomass and decomposition of dead branches in the canopy of 450-year-old Douglas-fir trees.
ポスター発表
- 第50 回日本生態学会大会講演要旨集, 2003年03月, 日本語, 日本生態学会, つくば国際会議場, 国内会議里山広葉樹二次林におけるコバノミツバツツジの萌芽更新による個体群動態
口頭発表（一般）
- Proceedings of the 4th North American Forest Ecology Workshop., 2003年, 英語, 未記入, Oregon, USA., 国際会議The importance of morphological reiteration of branches in generating complexity in forest canopies.
口頭発表（一般）
- 4th North American Forest Ecology Workshop, 2003年, 英語, Corvallus, USA, 国際会議The importance of morphological reiteration in generating complexity in forest canopies
口頭発表（一般）
- 10th Annual Scientific Meeting, Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility, 2003年, 英語, Carson, USA, 国際会議How Douglas-fir establishes its crown at maturity and maintains is in old age.
口頭発表（一般）
- Asia International Symposium on Agriculture, 2003年, 英語, Kobe, Japan, 国際会議Designing a new forestry for sustainable management of landscape-level biodiversity.
[招待有り]
シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（指名）
- 10th Annual Scientific Meeting, Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility, 2003年, 英語, Carson, USA, 国際会議Biomass and decomposition of dead branches in the canopy of 450-year-old Douglas-fir trees
ポスター発表
- 9th Annual Scientific Conference, 2003年, 英語, 未記入, Carson, USA, 国際会議Amount and decomposition of coarse woody debris in the canopy of old-growth Douglas-fir trees. Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility
口頭発表（一般）
- 9th Annual Scientific Meeting, Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility, 2003年, 英語, Carson, USA, 国際会議Amount and decomposition of coarse woody debris in the canopy of old-growth Douglas-fir trees
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会49回大会, 2002年03月, 日本語, 仙台, 国内会議林床チシマザサの除去がダケカンバ林の水分導体に与える影響
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会49回大会, 2002年03月, 日本語, 仙台, 国内会議ダケカンバの光合成機能の環境ストレスに対する応答
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会49回大会, 2002年03月, 日本語, 仙台, 国内会議カムチャッカ半島中央低地帯における山火事後の森林の二次遷移の空間パターン
ポスター発表
- 3rd International Canopy Conference, 2002年, 英語, Cairns, Australia, 国際会議Age-related development of crown structure in coastal Douglas-fir trees
口頭発表（一般）
- 3rd International Canopy Conference, 2002年, 英語, Cairns, Australia, 国際会議Age-related development of canopy structure and its ecological functions
口頭発表（一般）
- 7th Annual Scientific Meeting, Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility, 2001年03月, 英語, 国内会議Age-related development of crown structure in coastal Douglas-fir trees.
口頭発表（一般）
- Joint Symposium of the Ecological Society of America and British Ecological Society, 2000年, 英語, Orlando, USA, 国際会議Survival of Pseudotsuga menzesii as a long-lived pioneer species in old-growth forest.
ポスター発表
- 43rd Symposium of the International Association for Vegetation Science, 2000年, 英語, Nagano, 国際会議Persistence and change in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest and the ecology of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), a long-lived pioneer
口頭発表（一般）
- 6th Annual Scientific Meeting, Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility, 2000年, 英語, Carson, USA, 国際会議A canopy perspective of community dynamics of an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest.
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会46回大会, 1999年03月, 日本語, 松本, 国内会議北アメリカ北西部 Pseudotsuga-Tsuga 温帯針葉樹林における林冠研究ー樹冠の成長・維持と林冠の発達ー
ポスター発表
- 日本生態学会46回大会, 1999年03月, 日本語, 松本, 国内会議アメリカ北西部の温帯針葉樹林における P. menziesii 老齢木の樹冠維持機構
口頭発表（一般）
- 4th Annual Scientific Meeting, Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility, 1998年, 英語, Carson, USA, 国際会議Maximum tree height and vertical development of an old-growth coniferous forest in southwestern Washington State, USA
口頭発表（一般）
- 3rd Annual Scientific Meeting, Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility, 1997年, 英語, Carson, USA, 国際会議Crown form and crown rejuvenation in old-growth Douglas-fir
口頭発表（一般）
- 81st Ecological Society of America Meeting, 1996年08月, 英語, Providence, USA, 国際会議Effects of morphological constraints and herbivory on growth and ramet demography of Hydrangea hirta in a light-limited environment
ポスター発表
- Pacific Ecology Conference, 1996年, 英語, Bamfield, Canada, 国際会議Modeling branch growth in old-growth Douglas-fir
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本森林学会104回大会, 1995年03月, 日本語, 札幌, 国内会議コアジサイの樹形と個体群動態ー形態的制限が成長・動態に及ぼす影響ー
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会41回大会, 1994年03月, 日本語, 福岡, 国内会議コアジサイのモジュール個体群動態
口頭発表（一般）
- 日本生態学会40回大会, 1993年03月, 日本語, 松江, 国内会議コアジサイのモジュール構造と季節変化
口頭発表（一般）