庄司 浩一 | ![]() |
ショウジ コウイチ | |
大学院農学研究科 附属食資源教育研究センター | |
准教授 | |
農業工学関係 |
2012年12月 国際農業工学会, Japan NMO Best Paper Award, An add-on mini- yield sensor on grain combines accurately and stably estimates total grain weight under varying throughput of the crop
Best paper in 3rd CIGR International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, スペイン国際学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2012年09月 Asian Agricultural and Biological Engineering Association., 2012 EAEF Best Paper Award, Impact-by-impact sensing of grain flow on jidatsu combine for enhanced accuracy of yield sensor
論文賞, 日本国学会誌・学術雑誌による顕彰
2011年09月 農業機械学会関西支部, 農業機械学会関西支部賞, 自脱型コンバインのための小型構成の収量センサに関する研究
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Estimating moisture content of the grain on the combine provides basic information for Precision Agriculture, yet the apparatus is more complicated than those used for grain weight monitoring. The method presented in this paper is very simple and to differentiate the change in the impact sound of the grain in the tank associated with its moisture content. The sensor consisted of a small steel plate to receive the impact of the emitted grain and an earphone was adhered behind the plate to generate the signal. Each time the sensor received the impact, the signal was processed with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the spectra were obtained up to 10 kHz. The grain moisture content of paddy rice and wheat kernel was then estimated from linear multiple regression of the amplitudes at two frequencies. The standard errors were 0.36% for paddy rice (ranging 19.0% - 23.1% w.b.) and 0.77% for wheat kernel (ranging 17.5% - 29.5% w.b.).
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017年, 2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting, 英語研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
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This study was aimed at accurately estimating total weight of harvested grain on a combine by simply attaching a small yield sensor in the grain tank and by processing the output of the sensor. The yield sensor was first installed in a grain tank of a 1.2 m-swath Japanese-style (head-feeding or jidatsu) combine, and the weight was estimated from individual impulses received at each rotation of a grain-releasing device i.e. an auger blade. A non-linear relation was assumed between the weight of grain released and the impulse received, and the parameters of the non-linear model were optimized to minimize the sum of squares between the estimated and actual weight of grain accumulated at each run of the combine. A threshold for the output discriminated between actual release and no release of the grain from the auger blade. The appropriate range of the threshold was 4-6 times the root-mean squared output of the sensor without throughput (F (rms) ) of grain. The aim was to enhance the accuracy of the estimation of grain weight by disregarding signals that did not relate to the accumulation of grain in the tank. Two methods of calculating the impulses were proposed after the discrimination: "successive addition" and "interval addition", and two non-linear models of converting impulses into the weight of grain: "odd function model" and "positive function model". The use of the odd function model with the impulse calculated by the interval addition was the most robust, and root-mean squared relative errors of calibration and validation were both stable and around 2.5 % at a threshold of 5F (rms) . In the confirmatory experiment with a larger 1.8 m-swath Japanese-style grain combine equipped with the same sensor, the odd function model with the interval addition achieved root-mean squared relative error of 3.6 % at calibration and 4.4 % at validation at a threshold of 5F (rms) .
SPRINGER, 2014年02月, PRECISION AGRICULTURE, 15 (1), 31 - 43, 英語[査読有り]
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Differences in local topography (micro-elevation) within a paddy field that constitute a source of variability in agronomical indicators have not been considered thoroughly as a block factor in weed studies. This study investigated and evaluated the performance of weeding machines (weeders) in two herbicide-free paddy fields that contained micro-elevations. The plant density of Monochoria vaginalis, a typical and harmful paddy weed unless controlled with herbicides, was used as the indicator of the efficacy of the weeders. Among the three weeders that were tested, one suppressed M.vaginalis dramatically at low elevations and the others were less sensitive to micro-elevation. For comparison across the fields, micro-elevations at weed sampling locations were converted to the initial depth of water by using the records of hydrographs that had been set in each field. The relationship between the initial depth of water and the plant density of M.vaginalis was very clear with the use of the elevation-sensitive weeder. Moreover, this relationship was valid, even with the less-sensitive weeders. The finding that the greater the depth of water, the less the plant density was significant, even for M.vaginalis, a difficult aquatic paddy weed that was controlled with any of the weeders tested. Thus, micro-elevation within a paddy field needs to be treated as a crucial block factor in weed-sampling studies. A coarse survey of the level of a field and the installation of a hydrograph are recommended for a clear analysis of the background of weed control practices.
WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013年06月, Weed Biology and Management, 13 (2), 45 - 52, 英語[査読有り]
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A microphone sensor was developed as an alternative to a load cell for detecting flow rate of grain for economical installation, and its performance was evaluated on a 0.9 m wide Japanese-style (jidatsu) rice combine. The sensor consisted of a 60x40x3 mm steel plate and a ceramic earphone glued behind it to receive impacts of a portion of grain conveyed into the grain tank. In the field experiment, the combine harvested 1,570 kg of rice grain over seven runs, and the root-mean squared relative error of calibration was 3.5%.
WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL, 2013年, PRECISION AGRICULTURE '13, 57 - 62, 英語[査読有り]
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A model fluidics (54 mm × 28 mm) was studied for its applicability as a steering unit to a sprinkler boat. A water jet was deflected at an inlet pressure of more than 2.0 kPa, where the velocity of the water jet is was more than 2.2 m/s. The bow thrust of the fluidics when attached onto the model boat (36 cm × 16 cm) was 0.02 to 0.12 N and quadratic to the increasing velocity of the water jet ranging between 2.2 to 5.4 m/s. Investigation of boat turning revealed that the turning trajectory transcribed a steady turning circle with a turning radius of 0.6 to 1.1 m at a peripheral velocity ranging between 0.15 and 0.28 m/s.
Elsevier B.V., 2012年, Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 5 (4), 121 - 125, 英語[査読有り]
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A model fluidics (54 mm × 28 mm) was studied for its applicability as a steering unit to a sprinkler boat. A water jet was deflected at an inlet pressure of more than 2.0 kPa, where the velocity of the water jet is was more than 2.2 m/s. The bow thrust of the fluidics when attached onto the model boat (36 cm × 16 cm) was 0.02 to 0.12 N and quadratic to the increasing velocity of the water jet ranging between 2.2 to 5.4 m/s. Investigation of boat turning revealed that the turning trajectory transcribed a steady turning circle with a turning radius of 0.6 to 1.1 m at a peripheral velocity ranging between 0.15 and 0.28 m/s.
Elsevier B.V., 2012年, Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 5 (4), 121 - 125, 英語[査読有り]
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To enhance the accuracy of an impact-based yield sensor installed inside the grain tank of a combine, we measured the individual impacts of intermittent grain flow accelerated by an auger blade. Non-linear calibration was modeled to relate each impulse received by the sensor to the weight of grain released at a single rotation of the auger blade, taking into account the rotational speed of the auger. The parameters were optimized through pairs of signal recording and grain weight at harvest in situ. The relative error of calibration was less than 2%. The proposed instrumentation and signal processing showed robustness to the flow rate of grain, and the maximum relative error of validation was 3.5%.
Elsevier B.V., 2011年, Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 4 (1), 1 - 6, 英語[査読有り]
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A prototype of a fine-crusher (grinder) of wood-cellulosic materials has been constructed with flail-knives and a rotary sieve rotating independently of each other. Pieces of bamboo in batches were fed into the fine-crusher, the crushed material was then treated with pressurized hot water (sub-critical water) to modify its structure and then hydrolyzed into glucose. With an increase in the diameter of the pores of the rotary sieve, the specific energy requirement for fine-crushing decreased remarkably from 500 to 250 kJ/kg, while the estimated glucose yield at 200°C decreased negligibly from 38% to 35%. The best rotational speed of the rotor and the diameter of the sieve pores were 1500 rpm and 4 mm, respectively.
Elsevier B.V., 2011年, Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 4 (3), 62 - 65, 英語[査読有り]
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Small boat with no screw or rudder has been used for showering the canopies of orchards in Thailand. During the showering operation, the boat moves forward by a reaction force of two flat nozzles used for showering. This study discusses the drag coefficient of the boat and the feasibility of using fluidics as a driving and steering unit of the boat in place of conventional flat nozzles. A one-fifth scale model of the boat and a fluidics were built to determine its drag coefficient, the thrust imparted by the fluidics and boat traveling speed. The drag coefficient of the model was found to be inversely proportional to the Froude number and effective in predicting the traveling speed of a boat.
Elsevier B.V., 2010年, Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 3 (1), 7 - 13, 英語[査読有り]
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In-situ calibration of a mini-yield sensor (mounted on a five-row grain combine) with a non-linear relation to the flow rate was examined. Instead of measuring or controlling the flow rate of grain for calibration purposes, 10 or 12 pairs of grain weights and signal recordings were collected directly in the fields three such data sets (weights and signals) were obtained. Two parameters of the relation were optimized so as to minimize the standard error. The relative error of validation was 3% to 5% with data sets of a wide range of flow rates, whereas it was up to nearly 10% with a data set of low flow rates. The optimized parameters varied with each data set, but those yielding low errors were common in the response surface of error, regardless of the data sets.
Elsevier B.V., 2009年, Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 2 (3), 78 - 82, 英語[査読有り]
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A very small (0.021kg) grain yield sensor ,comprising an octagonal ring load cell and an impact plate was developed for easily mounting onto grain combines used in East Asian countries. During the interval when the sensor is receiving no impact from the grain ,the signals are averaged to determine the instantaneous zero point thus the sensor compensates for its own long-term drift.The sensor was mounted on a two row jidatsu combine, and the weight of grain in the grain tank was estimated in the field experiment. The relative error in the validation with out compensation was 19%,where as that with the compensation decreased to1.5%.The recommendable range of the threshold for detecting the impact was 0.5 to 4 times the root-mean squared average of the output with out through put of grain.
Elsevier B.V., 2009年, Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 2 (2), 44 - 48, 英語[査読有り]
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In the production of ethanol from woody materials through enzymatic saccharification, the prerequisite is the removal of lignin for converting cellulose into monosaccharide. Producing fine-crushed material by a fine-crusher, quantitatively evaluating its shape or surface texture by an image analysis, and subjecting it to subcritical water treatment constitute a new preprocessing technology for the removal of lignin. The image analysis revealed that fine-crushing for exposing the wood fibre results in a high removal of lignin. The exposure of wood fibre increased with increasing moisture content of material. The most favourable fine-crushed material for subcritical water treatment was produced by the use of a small pore size of punching sieve and a high moisture content of material. (C) 2008 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2008年12月, BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING, 101 (4), 436 - 444, 英語[査読有り]
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Site-specific measurement of the weight of individual tubers, bulbs, and fruits on the harvester may enhance their market value and represent a significant advance for precision agriculture. An impact-based yield sensor was developed, consisting of two load cells, an acrylic plate and a polyurethane cushion, to determine the weight of individual onion bulbs through the impulse received by the sensor. A simple proportional relation was used to calibrate the sensitivity of the sensor, the precision of which was evaluated by standard and relative errors at calibration and validation. The experimental variables investigated under static conditions were the arrangement of the bulbs on the conveyor, the thickness of the cushion on the plate, and the clearance between the output end of the conveyor and the impact plate. The arrangement of the bulbs affected neither the precision nor the sensitivity of the sensor. With or without a 10 mm thick cushion on the plate, the precision decreased at the higher clearance. Practical precision was obtained (a relative error at validation of less than 2.0%) with a 30 mm thick cushion regardless of the clearance. (c) 2008 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2008年08月, BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING, 100 (4), 511 - 515, 英語[査読有り]
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The draught and the side force exerted on each working component of the model spot plough are discussed. The 150 mm wide model was composed of, principally, the share, main mouldboard, tilted disc coulter, and sub-mouldboard arranged in sequence. The vertical beams supporting each component were equipped with strain gauges and calibrated as force transducers. Soil bin experiments were conducted in wet plastic, dry compact, and dry loose soils at speeds of 0.2-1.3 m s(-1) and at working depths of 50-70 mm. The force exerted on the share was the largest in the dry compact soil and significantly increased with speed. The effect of speed on the force on the main mouldboard and tilted disc coulter was mostly insignificant, suggesting the adaptability of the spot plough to high-speed applications. The side force was mostly compensated for between the main mouldboard and tilted disc coulter in wet plastic and dry compact soils, but the redesign of the share or relocation of the tilted disc coulter was suggested for completely balancing the side forces. The force on the sub-mouldboard was negligible as to imply its exclusion from the design. (C) 2003 Silsoe Research Institute. All rights reserved Published by Elsevier Ltd.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2004年01月, BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING, 87 (1), 39 - 45, 英語[査読有り]
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Generally, the electrochemical characteristic of the agricultural land or soil is investigated by the electric conductivity (EC). But, EC method is not suitable for real time measurement because of the procedure for preparation and the contact resistance of sensors. In this study, the impedance method is applied to measure the dielectric characteristics of agricultural land for the real time, on-site analysis of soil and its ingredients in the future. Four soil models consisting of clay, sand, organic matter, and their mixture were analysed by LCR meter. The experimental terms were the equivalent resistance and capacitance of model with sweeping the frequency of exciter. The range of frequency was from 100Hz to 2MHz. Each soil model has one or two peaks in the range of frequency, and the higher frequency was available for accuracy.
SOC INSTRUMENT CONTROL ENGINEERS JAPAN, 2004年, SICE 2004 ANNUAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, 1489 - 1492, 英語[査読有り]
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A model spot plough to invert the soil slice within its own furrow was designed and tested in a soil bin, with a view to overcoming the disadvantages of conventional tillage systems with mouldboard ploughs. The model was especially designed to avoid soil clogging, whilst the basic structure was not altered from that surveyed from previous research. Followed by the share and main mouldboard at the beginning of the inversion, a tilted disc coulter (TDC) was located on the other side of the main mouldboard to assist the spot inversion and to reduce relative motion to the soil. Towards the end, the tilted disc coulter was replaced by a sub-mouldboard. Optimum width-to-depth ratio and width of the mouldboards were also considered. The mouldboards were expressed as helicoidal surfaces, and were fabricated from a plate of polyvinyl chloride. A series of experiments showed that the model spot plough performed well in wet-plastic soil, acceptably in dry-powdery soil at higher speed, and somewhat less steadily in dry-solid soil conditions. In any soil condition, the function of the rotating tilted disc coulter was found to be essential for stable operation. (C) 2001 Silsoe Research Institute.
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD, 2001年07月, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH, 79 (3), 283 - 297, 英語[査読有り]
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
その場反転プラウ,すなわち土のれき条が横に寄らないプラウを設計し,その作業状態を評価した。試作したプラウは,左右対称の発土板をもつ二条を一単位とし,12インチプラウを基準にして1/2の大きさを持つ模型であり,これを種々の条件下で土槽実験に供した。その結果,塑性状態に近い土壌条件ではれき条が形成されたが完全に反転できず,破砕しやすい土壌条件ではれき条は形成されずに破砕され,中央に畝ができた。
神戸大学, 1996年01月30日, 神戸大学農学部研究報告, 22 (1), 57 - 61, 英語[招待有り]
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European Weed Research Sosiety
International Soil and Tillage Research Organisation
American Sosiety of Agricultural and Bilogical Engineers
日本雑草学会
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新型コロナウイルス(Covid-19)禍により渡航が制限されたため、オンラインによりナミビア、ボツワナ、日本の3ヵ国での試験や研究成果を詳細に打ち合わせ、以下の研究と、研究成果の共同執筆・国際会議での報告などを実施した。① 接触混植試験:ナミビア北部では、ソルガムとトウジンビエの接触混植が農家の自助努力などにより徐々に広がりを見せている。そこで、ナミビア大学オゴンゴ校内の附属農場施設内で、トウジンビエとソルガムの接触混植試験を実施した。農家圃場においても栽培を希望する農家に種子を提供し、農家圃場における栽培試験を実施した。② 亀裂施肥試験:本試験のためにナミビア国で作成した新型の亀裂施肥機をベースにして日本ではコストを考慮し、亀裂処理に特化した新型アタッチメントを作成した。その走行試験を神戸大学等で実施し、今後の普及を検討中である。 ③ ボツワナ大学では、ナミビアから導入したイネ品種群の栽培試験を2019/2020作付け期に開始し、2021/2022まで3か年に渡る栽培トライアルを継続中である。2021/2022からは小規模フィ―ルドでの作付けを開始し、種子の更新と栽培試験を拡大した。 ④ ナミビアとボツワナの研究サイト周辺の農家圃場では季節湿地が形成されるためメタン発生の増大が懸念される。そこで地球温暖化の進行を阻止するためウルトラファインバブル水灌漑によるメタン削減の可能性を議論し、現地への導入を目指したフィールド試験を日本で開始した。 ⑤ 研究成果5報の原著論文がアクセプトされた。 ⑥ 国際学会(アジア作物学会議)で4報の口頭発表と、国内学会(日本作物学会)で2報の口頭発表を実施した。
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