水野 雅史 | ![]() |
ミズノ マサシ | |
大学院農学研究科 生命機能科学専攻 | |
教授 | |
農芸化学関係 |
2021年11月 兵庫県, 兵庫県科学賞, 食物繊維による腸上皮細胞を介した新規生理活性に関する食品科学的研究
2021年08月 日本食品科学工学会, 日本食品科学工学会学会賞, 腸管を介した食物繊維の新規生理活性機構の解明
2015年10月 公益社団法人日本生物工学会, 生物工学技術賞, 生酛乳酸菌のバイオジェニック効果に着目した米乳酸発酵飲料の開発
日本国国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞
2009年07月 森喜作記念椎茸振興会, 森喜作賞, キノコの医学的研究
2001年09月 社団法人 日本食品科学工学会, 日本食品科学工学会奨励賞, 機能性多糖の免疫学的測定法の確立とその応用
In recent years, the incidence of type I hypersensitivity including hay fever has been increasing year by year in Japan. Our previous study using mice showed that only oral, but not intraperitoneal, administration of fucoidan extracted from seaweed (Saccharina japonica) suppressed type I hypersensitivity by secretion of galectin-9, which has a high affinity for IgE in the blood. However, the amount of seaweed required to achieve this activity is quite high (12 g dry weight per person per day). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to search for food ingredients in vegetables that enhance type I hypersensitivity suppression effect when consumed together with fucoidan. As a result, the enhanced effect was observed in extracts from Welsh onions and onions among vegetables. When we compared the polyphenols in the vegetables that showed activity with those that did not, flavonols such as quercetin and kaempferol were found as candidates. When quercetin or kaempferol (100 μg each) were orally administered at the same time, even at amounts where fucoidan alone showed no anti-allergic activity, anti-allergic effects were observed. More interestingly, when both flavonols were combined and administered simultaneously at half the amount of each of the above flavonols (50 μg), while the fucoidan amount remained the same, a similar effect was observed as when each flavonol (100 μg) was administered alone. The simultaneous intake of fucoidan and vegetables containing high contents of quercetin or kaempferol may reduce fucoidan intake while maintaining the allergy suppression effect, suggesting the importance of food combination.
2022年10月12日, International journal of molecular sciences, 23 (20), 英語, 国際誌研究論文(学術雑誌)
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4,8-Sphingadienines (SD), metabolites of glucosylceramides (GlcCer), are sometimes determined as key mediators of the biological activity of dietary GlcCer, and cis/trans geometries of 4,8-SD have been reported to affect its activity. Since regulating excessive activation of mast cells seems an important way to ameliorate allergic diseases, this study was focused on cis/trans stereoisomeric-dependent inhibitory effects of 4,8-SD on mast cell activation. Degranulation of RBL-2H3 was inhibited by treatment of 4-cis-8-trans- and 4-cis-8-cis-SD, and their intradermal administrations ameliorated ear edema in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction, but 4-trans-8-trans- and 4-trans-8-cis-SD did not. Although the activation of mast cells depends on the bound IgE contents, those stereoisomers did not affect IgE contents on RBL-2H3 cells after the sensitization of anti-TNP IgE. These results indicated that 4-cis-8-trans- and 4-cis-8-cis-SD directly inhibit the activation of mast cells. In conclusion, it was assumed that 4,8-SD stereoisomers with cis double bond at C4-position shows anti-allergic activity by inhibiting downstream pathway after activation by the binding of IgE to mast cells.
Elsevier BV, 2021年11月, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 577, 32 - 37, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
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LP22A3 induced TGF-β1 secretion from IECs of the small intestine through TLR2, and resulted in the promotion of Foxp3+ Treg and CD103+ DC population, which secreted anti-inflammatory cytokines providing a protective condition in the intestine.
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2021年, Food & Function, 12 (17), 8044 - 8055[査読有り]
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The anti-inflammatory activity of Grifola gargal was evaluated using an in vitro gut inflammation model composed of RAW264.7 and Caco-2 cells. The active compound was isolated and purified to elucidate its structure by instrumental analysis. A low-molecular-weight fraction in G. gargal prepared using an ultrafiltration membrane (13 000 Da molecular-weight cut-off) suppressed tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and interleukin-8 mRNA expression in an in vitro gut inflammation model. The low-molecular-weight fraction was subjected to sequential extraction, consisting of reverse-phase extraction using 0-100% ethanol, in 20% steps, and high-performance liquid chromatography to separate and purify the active compound with anti-inflammatory activity. Instrument analyses indicated that adenine was one of the active compounds. It was suggested that adenine in G. gargal had no small effect on the suppression of inflammatory bowel disease.
KARGER, 2017年09月, FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 23 (5), 725 - 732, 英語[査読有り]
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Potato peels from the large-scale peeling of potatoes are a source of bioactive compounds. We determined the content of the glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, individual and total phenolics compounds, and total flavonoids extracted from three peels prepared from conventional and three from organic commercial gold, red, and Russet potatoes as well as determining their antioxidant activities using three different methods. Glycoalkaloids and individual phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and chlorogenic acid isomer) were determined using HPLC and LC MS, and total phenolic and flavonoid content by colorimetry. There was a wide variation in the content of total glycoalkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidative activities, as indicated by the following ratios for the total organic to nonorganic glycoalkaloids: gold, 3.89; Russet, 2.43; and red, 0.50. The corresponding phenolics and flavonoid ratios indicated a narrower range. The described methods could be used to determine the composition and antioxidative activities of peels derived from other potato cultivars, taking into account their methods of growth and postharvest storage, and aid in compositional, nutritional, medical, and industrial studies on potato peel, to relate their composition to their many described applications.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2017年09月, JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS, 62, 69 - 75, 英語[査読有り]
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Glucosylceramide (G1cCer) has various effects such as skin moisturizing, improvement of atopic dermatitis, and enhancement of skin barrier function. However, the mechanism of GlcCer on skin barrier function remains unclear. In this study, the effect of G1cCer from pineapples (P-GlcCer) on dry skin protection and intestinal immunity was investigated using HR-1 hairless mice fed on a special diet and an in vitro co-culture model consisting of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 and macrophage RAW264.7. The oral administration of P-GlcCer showed an improvement in skin barrier function and enhancement of interleukin-23p19 mRNA (I123a) expression in the small intestine. 1123a expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was enhanced by the purified GlcCer in P-GlcCer. Furthermore, pretreatment of Caco-2 with a beta-glucocere brosid ase or a ceramidase inhibitor suppressed the enhancement of112.3a expression, but a sphingosine kinase inhibitor did not. It was demonstrated that not P-GIcCer itself but the intestinal metabolite 4,8-sphingadienine ameliorated dry skin symptoms. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017年03月, JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS, 30, 228 - 236, 英語[査読有り]
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PCPS from P. citrinopileatus mushroom extract is a beta-1,6-glucan possessing a proinflammatory effect on innate immune cells. The PCPS stimulated THP-1 macrophages to secrete significant levels of TNF. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of TNF and IL-1 beta were significantly enhanced by PCPS treatment. However, the PCPS did not induce to express both IL-12 and IL-10 mRNA in the macrophages. Next, the P. cornucopiae extract (containing mainly PCPS) treatment against mice showed significant increases in TNF and IL-1 beta mRNA expressions in the peritoneal macrophages of them. In this study, the expression levels of IFN gamma mRNA in the spleen were almost the same between the extract- (PCPS-) treated group and control group. However, the expression of IL-4 mRNA showed a lower level in the extract-treated group than that in the control. Our results suggested that the PCPS could induce proinflammatory action in the immune response. In addition, the proinflammatory effect of the PCPS on THP-1 was enhanced by 5'-GMP-Na, while it was reduced by vitamin D-2. These two compounds are majorly contained in the P. citrinopileatus mushroom. Therefore, these results suggested that the P. citrinopileatus mushroom might contain other immune regulative compounds, such as vitamin D-2, as well as PCPS.
Hindawi, 2017年, Mediators of inflammation, 8402405, 9, 英語[査読有り][招待有り]
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Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide from brown sea algae. In the present study, it was demonstrated that oral administration of F-fucoidan from Saccharina japonica possessed anti-allergic effects using the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction, but not by intraperitoneal administration. The inhibitory mechanism was dependent on galectin-9, which belongs to a soluble lectin family that recognizes p-galactoside and prevents IgE binding to mast cells. The anti-allergy properties of F-fucoidan were cancelled by an intravenous dose of anti-galectin-9 antibody or lactose, which bind competitively with galectin-9 before the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. F-fucoidan increased the expression level of galectin-9 mRNA in intestinal epithelial cells and serum galectin-9 levels. Oral treatment with F-fucoidan suppressed allergic symptoms through the induction of galectin-9. This is the first report that F-fucoidan can induce the secretion of galectin-9.
JOURNAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY & NUTRITION, 2016年07月, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION, 59 (1), 25 - 30, 英語[査読有り]
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The oxidation of guanosine to 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in DNA is closely associated with induction of various diseases, but the endogenous oxidant species involved remains unclear. Hydrogen peroxides (H2O2) have been considered to be the oxidant, while lipid peroxides are another possible oxidant because generated easily in bio-membranes surrounding DNA. The oxidant potency was compared between lipid peroxides and H2O2. Linoleic acid hydroperoxides (LOOH) formed 8-oxo-dG at a higher level than H2O2 in guanosine or double-stranded DNA. In the presence of a physiological concentration of Fe2+ to produce hydroxyl radicals, LOOH was also a stronger oxidant. In a lipid micelle, LOOH markedly produced 8-oxo-dG at a concentration one-tenth of that of H2O2. Upon adding to rat hepatic mitochondria, phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides produced 8-oxo-dG abundantly. Employing HepG2 cells after pretreated with glutathione peroxidase inhibitor, LOOH formed 8-oxo-dG more abundantly than H2O2. Then, antioxidants to suppress the 8-oxo-dG formation were examined, when the nuclei of pre-incubated HepG2 with antioxidants were exposed to LOOH. Water-soluble ascorbic acid, trolox, and N-acetyl cysteine showed no or weak antioxidant potency, while lipid-soluble 2,6-dipalmitoyl ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and lipid soluble phytochemicals exhibited stronger potency. The present study shows preferential formation of 8-oxo-dG upon LOOH and the inhibition by lipid-soluble antioxidants.
JOURNAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY & NUTRITION, 2016年07月, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION, 59 (1), 16 - 24, 英語[査読有り]
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マクロファージ様細胞株、マウス、培養細胞の共培養系を利用した腸管免疫モデルなどを用いて免疫調節作用の高い乳酸菌としてLactobacillus sakei LK-117株を選抜した。この乳酸菌体をアトピー性皮膚炎を発症するマウスに継続投与したところ、アトピー性皮膚炎の炎症が抑制された。
日本生物工学会, 2016年02月, 生物工学会誌, 94 (2), 63 - 69, 日本語[査読有り][招待有り]
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The anorexigenic gut hormones, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagonlike peptide (GLP)-1 and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), are released in response to food intake from the intestines. Dietary nutrients have been shown to stimulate these hormones. Some non-nutrients such as polyphenols show anorexigenic effects on humans. In the present study, we examined whether dietary polyphenols can stimulate secretion of these gut hormones. Caco-2 cells expressed mRNA of the gut hormones, CCK, PC1 (prohormone convertase 1), GCG (glucagon) and PYY. CCK, GLP-1 and PYY were secreted from Caco-2 cells after adding sugars, amino acids or fatty acids. Using Caco-2 cells, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid induced secretion of anorexigenic gut hormones. Particularly, EGCG induced secretion of all three hormones. In an ex vivo assay using murine intestines, EGCG also released CCK from the duodenum, and GLP-1 from the ileum. These results suggest that EGCG may affect appetite via gut hormones.
JOURNAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY & NUTRITION, 2015年09月, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION, 57 (2), 164 - 169, 英語[査読有り]
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Lentinan from Lentinula edodes fruiting bodies (shiitake mushrooms) is a valuable beta-glucan for medical purposes based on its anticancer activity and immunomodulating activity. However, lentinan content in fruiting bodies decreases after harvesting and storage due to an increase in glucanase activity. In this study, we downregulated the expression of an exo-beta-1,3-glucanase, exg2, in L. edodes using RNA interference. In the wild-type strain, beta-1,3-glucanase activity in fruiting bodies remarkably increased after harvesting, and 41.7% of the lentinan content was lost after 4 days of preservation. The EXG2 downregulated strain showed significantly lower lentinan degrading activity (60-70% of the wild-type strain) in the fruiting bodies 2-4 days after harvesting. The lentinan content of fresh fruiting bodies was similar in the wild-type and EXG2 downregulated strains, but in the downregulated strain, only 25.4% of the lentinan was lost after 4 days, indicating that downregulation of EXG2 enables keeping the lentinan content high longer.
ACS Publicatoins, 2014年08月, Journal of Agricutural and Food Chemistry, 62 (32), 8153 - 8157, 英語[査読有り]
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The content of water, free amino acids, amino acid metabolites, crude protein, the carotene pigments beta-carotene and lycopene, and 9 characterized and 2 incompletely characterized individual phenolic (flavonoid) compounds of 12 greenhouse-grown cherry tomato varieties of various colors (green, yellow, orange, red, and black) was determined using HPLC and LC/MS methods. The phenolic content of the cherry tomatoes per unit weight is 3-4 times greater than reported values for large-sized tomatoes. Antioxidative effects using the ABTS and FRAP assays and cancer-cell-inhibiting effects against 2 normal (Chang liver and He1299 lung) and 3 human cancer (lung A549; liver HepG2; and cervical HeLa) cell lines using the MTT cell viability assay were also determined. Lycopene inhibited all the cell lines, but showed strong activity against the cervical carcinoma and the lung cancer cells. The tomato extracts showed inhibition at the higher doses. The HeLa cervical carcinoma cell line was most inhibited by the pure compounds, and the HeLa or the HepG2 cells lines were the most inhibited by the tomato extracts. The results demonstrate wide-ranging differences as well as similarities in the content of nutritional and bioactive compounds in cherry tomatoes, and suggest that such knowledge can benefit consumers. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Journal of Food Composition and Anaylysis, 2014年06月, Protein, free amino acid, phenolic, beta-carotene, and lycopene content, and antioxidative and cancer cell inhibitory effects of 12 greenhouse-grown commercial cherry tomato varieties, 34 (2), 115 - 127, 英語[査読有り]
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The flavonoid luteolin is reported to exert anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated whether luteolin inhibits gut inflammation, using in vivo and in vitro inflammation models. In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, luteolin (20 and 50 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated shortening of colon length and histological score. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that luteolin also significantly inhibited infiltration of macrophages and interferon (IFN)--producing CD4(+) T cells into the colonic mucosa. Treatment with luteolin also improved IFN- mRNA expression in the colon. At the cellular level, a co-culture consisting of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, the addition of luteolin (100 M) suppressed interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells without epithelial monolayer disruption. Expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- protein and proinflammatory cytokines mRNA (TNF-, IL-6, and IL-1) in RAW264.7 cells were also suppressed. HPLC analysis and subsequent cellular assay revealed that aglycone of luteolin was present in the basolateral supernatant of this system at a sufficient concentration to suppress TNF- production and nuclear factor (NF)-B activation of RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that the luteolin aglycones released from the Caco-2 epithelium inhibits NF-B nuclear translocation in RAW264.7 cells, followed by reduction of TNF- mRNA expression, which results in downregulation of IL-8 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells. The mechanism by which aglycone inhibits inflammation is important for understanding the roles of luteolin in diet. (c) 2013 BioFactors 39(5):522-533, 2013
WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013年09月, Biofactors, 39 (5), 522 - 533, 英語[査読有り]
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Laminaria japonica is traditionally eaten in Japan as a beneficial food for thrombosis. The alga contains two specific ingredients, a xanthophyll fucoxanthin (FX) and a polysaccharide, F-fucoidan (FD). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether FX or FD exhibited anti-thrombotic effects. For this purpose, three types of capsules, containing 1 mg FX, 400 mg fucoidan, and both, were prepared from the alga and administered to volunteers for 5 weeks. The dose of FD or FD + FX significantly shortened lysis time (LT) of the thrombus measured by a global thrombosis test in the blood, but FX did not. Examining the mechanism, dietary FD increased H2O2 and the secretion of prostacyclin (PGI(2)), a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, in the blood, although FD was under the detection limit in the blood, determining with its monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, in mouse experiments, dietary FD was totally excreted into the faeces and was not incorporated into the blood. We then employed a co-culture system of a Caco-2 cell monolayer with fresh human blood. The addition of FD to Caco-2 cells stimulated the expression of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) mRNA and secreted H2O2 onto the blood side accompanied by a significant increase in serum PGI2 production. These effects were invalidated by the combined addition of FD with its monoclonal antibody. The results suggested that dietary FD stimulated the expression of H2O2-producing enzymes in intestinal epithelial cells and released H2O2 into the blood, which played a signalling role to increase PGI(2) production and then shortened LT for thrombi.
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2013年09月, BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 110 (5), 880 - 890, 英語[査読有り]
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Lipid peroxidation products are known to cause toxicity by reacting with biologically significant proteins, but the inducing role of peroxidation products has been not noted to produce degenerative disease-related eicosanoids. Here, 9-oxononanoic acid (9-ONA), one of the major products of peroxidized fatty acids, was found to stimulate the activity of phospholipase As (PLA2), the key enzyme to initiate arachidonate cascade and eicosanoid production. An exposure of fresh human blood to the atmosphere at 37 degrees C accumulated 9-ONA, increasing peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the blood. The lipid peroxidation was accompanied by significant increases of PLA(2) activity and thromboxane B-2 (TxB(2)) production, which is a stable metabolite of thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) and a potent agonist of platelet aggregation. These events were abolished by standing the blood under nitrogen. The addition of organically synthesized 9-ONA resumed the activity of PLA(2) and the production of Tx132. Also, 9-ONA induced platelet aggregation dose-dependently. These results indicated that 9-ONA is the primary inducer of PLA(2) activity and TxA(2) production, and is probably followed by the development of diseases such as thrombus formation. This is the first report to find that a lipid peroxidation product, 9-ONA, stimulates the activity of PLA(2).
JOURNAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY & NUTRITION, 2013年05月, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION, 52 (3), 228 - 233, 英語[査読有り]
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is unknown whether beta-1,3;1,6-glucan can induce immune suppressive effects. Here, we study intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of Lentinula edodes-derived beta-1,3; 1,6-glucan, which is known as lentinan. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice were used to elucidate effects of lentinan in vivo. In the cellular level assessment, lentinan was added into a co-culture model consisting of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Ligated intestinal loop assay was performed for assessing effects of lentinan on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vivo. Oral administration of lentinan (100 mu g/mouse) significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in body weight loss, shortening of colon lengths, histological score, and inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in inflamed tissues. Lentinan reduced interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA expression and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation in Caco-2 cells without decreasing of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production from RAW264.7 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that surface levels of TNF receptor (TNFR) 1 were decreased by lentinan treatment. A clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor, monodansylcadaverine, canceled lentinan inhibition of IL-8 mRNA expression. Moreover, lentinan inhibited TNFR1 expression in Caco-2 cells in both protein and mRNA level. Lentinan also inhibited TNFR1 mRNA expression in mouse IECs. These results suggest that lentinan exhibits intestinal anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of IL-8 mRNA expression associated with the inhibition of NF-kappa B activation which is triggered by TNFR1 endocytosis and lowering of their expression in IECs. Lentinan may be effective for the treatment of gut inflammation including IBD.
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2013年04月, PLOS ONE, 8 (4), 英語[査読有り]
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Agaricus brasiliensis has been demonstrated to have potent antitumor activity. The activity is postulated to act through mediation of the host immune system. We have reported that A. brasiliensis extract (ABE) inhibited compound 48/80 induced a systemic anaphylaxis-like reaction, ear swelling response, and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis-like reaction in mice. There is some recent information available on the mechanism of antiallergic effects resulting from oral administration of ABE. However, information regarding how ABE may activate macrophages through intestinal epithelial cells is still limited. To clarify the mechanism of macrophages activation by ABE, a gut in vitro model constructed of Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells was applied. Treatment of ABE to the apical compartment resulted in significant increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in the basolateral compartment. Moreover, addition of catalase to the basolateral compartment before ABE treatment suppressed TNF-α production completely, but the addition of superoxide dismutase did not suppress this at all. These data suggest that ABE could potentiate hydrogen peroxide emissions from Caco-2 cells into the basolateral side and activate macrophages, which is important in the immune system. © 2013 Begell House, Inc.
2013年, International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 15 (4), 365 - 371, 英語[査読有り]
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Background: beta-Glucans obtained from fungi, such as baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)-derived beta-glucan (BBG), potently activate macrophages through nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) translocation and activation of its signaling pathways. The mechanisms by which beta-glucans activate these signaling pathways differ from that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the effects of beta-glucans on LPS-induced inflammatory responses are poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of BBG on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. Methods: We explored the actions of BBG in RAW264.7 macrophages. Results: BBG inhibited LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages by 35-70% at concentrations of 120-200 mu g/ml. BBG also suppressed mRNA and protein expression of LPS-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, but not NF kappa B activation. By contrast, a neutralizing antibody against dectin-1, a beta-glucan receptor, did not affect BBG-mediated inhibition of NO production. Meanwhile, BBG suppressed Pam3CSK-induced NO production. Moreover, BBG suppressed LPS-induced production of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1ra, and IL-27. Conclusions: Our results indicate that BBG is a powerful inhibitor of LPS-induced NO production by down-regulating iNOS expression. The mechanism involves inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and TLR2 pathway, but is independent of dectin-1. General significance: BBG might be useful as a novel agent for the chemoprevention of inflammatory diseases. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2012年10月, Biochmica Biophysica et Acta, General Subject, 1820 (10), 1656 - 1663, 英語[査読有り]
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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fermented foods have attracted considerable attention recently as treatment options for allergic diseases, the incidence of which has been increasing worldwide. Five strains of LAB isolated from kimoto, the traditional seed mash used for brewing sake, were screened for the ability to suppress IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus sakei, the normal microflora in kimoto, significantly suppressed the reaction, but the contaminant Lactobacillus curvatus did not. Next, we examined the effect of L. sakei LK-117 on atopic dermatitis in the NC/Nga mouse model. LK-117 supplementation significantly reduced the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in a manner independent of the IgE plasma levels. In the in vitro intestinal model constructed using the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 and murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, treatment with L. sakei LK-117, but not L. curvatus, significantly upregulated TNF-α production from RAW264.7 cells. This result indicated that L. sakei on the apical side affected the macrophages on the basolateral side, and this organism may have the ability to improve allergy symptoms mediated by the intestinal immune system. © 2012 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan.
2012年09月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 114 (3), 292 - 296, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Dietary fucoxanthin has been reported to exert several physiological functions, and fucoxanthinol is considered to be the primary active metabolite of fucoxanthin. However, there is no information about the pharmacokinetics of fucoxanthinol in human subjects. In the present study, eighteen human volunteers were orally administered kombu extract containing 31 mg fucoxanthin, and their peripheral blood was collected 5 min before and 0·5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after the treatment. Plasma fucoxanthinol concentrations were measured by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetics of fucoxanthinol were as follows: maximum concentration, 44·2 nmol/l; time at maximum concentration, 4 h; terminal half-time, 7·0 h; area under the curve (AUC) for 1-24 h, 578·7 nmol/l × h; AUC(∞), 663·7 nmol/l × h. In addition to fucoxanthinol, we also attempted to detect amarouciaxanthin A, a hepatic metabolite of fucoxanthinol, using HPLC, but it was not present in the volunteers' plasma. On the other hand, a peak that was suspected to represent the cis-isomer of fucoxanthinol was found in the HPLC chromatogram. By comparing the present results with those of a previous study using mice, we found that the bioavailability and metabolism of fucoxanthinol differ between human subjects and mice.
2012年06月, The British journal of nutrition, 107 (11), 1566 - 9, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Partial acid hydrolysis of the tetrasaccharide (lycotetraose) side chain of the tomato glycoalkaloid alpha-tomatine resulted in the formation of four products with three, two, one, and zero carbohydrate side chains, which were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF). The inhibitory activities in terms of IC50 values (concentration that inhibits 50% of the cells under the test conditions) of the parent compound and the hydrolysates, isolated by preparative HPLC, against normal human liver and lung cells and human breast, gastric, and prostate cancer cells indicate that (a) the removal of sugars significantly reduced the concentration-dependent cell-inhibiting effects of the test compounds, (b) PC3 prostate cancer cells were about 10 times more susceptible to inhibition by alpha-tomatine than the breast and gastric cancer cells or the normal cells, (c) the activity of alpha-tomatine against the prostate cancer cells was 200 times greater than that of the aglycone tomatidine, and (d) the activity increased as the number of sugars on the aglycone increased, but this was only statistically significant at p < 0.05 for the normal lung He1299 cell line. The effect of the alkaloids on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was measured in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the dosage of gamma- and alpha-tomatine and the level of TNF-alpha. alpha-Tomatine was the most effective compound at reducing TNF-alpha. The dietary significance of the results and future research needs are discussed.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2012年04月, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 60 (15), 3891 - 3899, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Lentinan (LNT), a beta-glucan from the fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes, is well known to have immunomodulatory activity. NO and TNF-alpha are associated with many inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of LNT extracted by sonication (LNT-S) on the NO and TNF-alpha production in LPS-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results suggested that treatment with LNT-S not only resulted in the striking inhibition of TNF-alpha and NO production in LPS-activated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, but also the protein expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and the gene expression of iNOS mRNA and TNF-alpha mRNA. It is surprising that LNT-S enhanced LPS-induced NF-kappa B p65 nuclear translocation and NF-kappa B luciferase activity, but severely inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and ERK1/2. The neutralizing antibodies of anti-Dectin-1 and anti-TLR2 hardly affected the inhibition of NO production. All of these results suggested that the suppression of LPS-induced NO and TNF-alpha production was at least partially attributable to the inhibition of JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 activation. This work discovered a promising molecule to control the diseases associated with overproduction of NO and TNF-alpha.
AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 2012年01月, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287 (2), 871 - 878, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Many studies have investigated the immunostimulatory effects of bacteria, such as the anti-allergic effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and LAB-fermented milk. Importantly, these anti-allergic effects have been observed for both viable and nonviable bacteria. However, there are no reported immunological effects of LAB isolated from kimoto, the traditional yeast starter culture used for brewing sake, which also involves spontaneous lactate fermentation. In this study, we determined whether the Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus sakei bacterial strains obtained from kimoto affected the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), an inducer of the T-helper type-1 immune response. By incubating autoclaved bacteria with J774.1 macrophage-like cells, we found that L. sakei LK-117 induced a sustained increase in IL-12p40 production. The IL-12-inducing ability of LK-117 was unaffected by anti-TLR2 neutralization and was entirely inhibited when the LK-117 cells were treated with RNase. When LK-117 cells were treated with M-1, an N-acetylmuramidase, at varying concentrations and for different periods of time, the ability of the bacteria to induce IL-12 decreased quickly. Although an active fraction could be prepared by chromatography from the soluble products of enzymolysis, the fraction's induction ability was < 2% of that of intact organisms, and induction ability disappeared completely upon anti-TLR2 neutralization after treating the active fraction with RNase. These results suggest that single-stranded RNA released from cells that were disrupted by autoclaving might act as a TLR ligand and provide a novel mechanism in which heat-killed LAB could be used to regulate immune activity. © 2011 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan.
2011年10月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 112 (4), 363 - 368, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
To clarify the mechanism of the antiallergic activity of Agaricus blazei Murill extract (ABME), the present paper used an in vivo allergy model and an in vitro intestinal gut model. During OVA sensitization, the serum IgE levels decreased significantly in ABME group. Interleukin (IL)-4 and -5 produced from OVA-restimulated splenocytes was significantly decreased, and anti-CD3 epsilon/CD28 antibody treatment also reduced IL-10, -4, and -5 production and increased IFN-gamma production in ABME group. These results suggest that oral administration of ABME improves Th1/Th2 balance. Moreover, a coculture system constructed of Caco-2 cells and splenocytes from OT-II mice or RAW 264.7 cells indicated that the significant increases in IFN-gamma production by ABME treatment. Therefore, it was concluded that the antiallergic activity of ABME was due to the activation of macrophages by epithelial cells and the promotion of the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells in the immune.
HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION, 2011年, EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE, Volume 2011, Article ID 532180, 1 - 11, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Many food factors such as probiotics are effective against human gastrointestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel disease. However, it remains unclear how probiotics act to protect against intestinal inflammation. Here, we describe a novel in vitro gut inflammation model for evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of food factors, and in vitro and in vivo inflammation models for assessment of the gut anti-inflammatory activities of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris FC (strain FC). A coculture system with intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages can be used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of food factors. Stimulation of RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production from RAW264.7 cells and interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells and decreases the transepithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 monolayers. The increases in TNF-α and IL-8 mRNA are suppressed by anti-TNF-α antibodies or budesonide. This indicates that this coculture model can imitate gut inflammation in vivo. Strain FC significantly downregulates IL-8 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells and inhibits nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation in RAW264.7 cells. A mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis has been used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of strain FC, which significantly ameliorates shortening of the colon and improves colon histology, especially in inflammatory cell infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in inflamed tissue. These results indicate that oral administration of strain FC improves DSS-induced colitis through inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration and that Caco-2/RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS can be used for screening anti-inflammatory factors and elucidating the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity.
Lipoxins, which are bioactive lipids derived from omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, play important roles in various biological functions. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of lipoxin A(4) (LXA4; 5S,6R,15S-trihydroxy-7,9,13-trans-11-eicosatetraenoic acid) were investigated in in vitro cultured cell experiments and in vivo animal experiments. In mouse peritoneal macrophages and mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells, LXA4 reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in the mRNA expression level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. LXA4 also reduced the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). In an LPS-induced acute inflammation mouse model, the injection of LXA4 at 5 microg/kg b.wt. led to down-regulation of the TNF-alpha level in serum and the TNF-alpha mRNA expression level in intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, LXA4 reduced the LPS-caused phosphorylation of IkappaB kinases, IkappaB, and NF-kappaB, the degradation of IkappaB, and the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in intestinal epithelial cells. In a coculture system using RAW264.7 cells and human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 cells, treatment with LXA4 to Caco-2 cells led to reduction of LPS-evoked TNF-alpha production in RAW264.7 cells and interleukin-8 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells. These results indicate that LXA4 exerts anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, and, therefore, LXA4 may be useful as a therapeutic strategy against intestinal mucosa inflammation.
2010年02月, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 332 (2), 541 - 8, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Probiotics have been used to treat human gastrointestinal inflammations including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the exact mechanisms by which probiotics act to protect against intestinal inflammation have yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris FC using in vivo and in vitro inflammation models. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administration of 3% dextran sulfate sodium to drinking water. In the cellular level assessment, a gut inflammation model with the co-culture system consisting Caco-2 cells and RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS was used. Administration of L. lactis subsp. cremoris FC significantly ameliorated shortening of colon length and histological score of the colon in DSS-induce colitis mice. In addition, the treatment of L. lactis subsp. cremoris FC improved the aberrant mRNA expression in inflamed tissue near to control level through notable suppression of TNF-alpha (P<0.05), IFN-gamma (P<0.05), IL-6, iNOS, and MIP-2 mRNA expression. In addition, in a gut inflammation model, treatment with L. lactis subsp. cremoris FC resulted in significant down-regulation of IL-8 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells and inhibition of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation in RAW264.7 cells. Our findings indicate that administration of L. lactis subsp. cremoris FC improves negative effects of DSS-induced colitis in mice through the inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration.
2009年11月, International immunopharmacology, 9 (12), 1444 - 51, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
A system for assessing the anti-inflammatory effects of food factors was developed by establishing a co-culture system with intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The results indicate that fucoidan and lentinan exhibited different suppressive effects on interieukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA expression in Caco-2 through tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha) production from RAW264.7 stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2009年10月, BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 73 (10), 2324 - 2325, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The pharmacokinetics of dietary fucoxanthin, one of the xanthophylls in brown sea algae, is little understood. In the present study, mice were orally administered fucoxanthin, and the distribution and accumulation of fucoxanthin and its metabolites fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A were measured in the plasma, erythrocytes, liver, lung, kidney, heart, spleen and adipose tissue. In a single oral administration of 160 nmol fucoxanthin, fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A were detectable in all specimens tested in the present study, but fucoxanthin was not. The time at maximum concentration (T(max)) of these metabolites in adipose tissue was 24h, while the T(max) in the others was 4h. The area under the curve to infinity (AUC(infinity)) of fucoxanthinol in the liver was the highest value (4680 nmol/g X h) among the tissues tested in the present study, while the AUC(infinity) of amarouciaxanthin A in adipose tissue was the highest value (4630 nmol/g X h). In daily oral administration of 160 nmol fucoxanthin for I week. fucoxanthin was also detectable in the tissues even at a low concentration. The amount of fucoxanthinol was 123 nmol/g in the heart and 85.2 nmol/g in the liver. Amarouciaxanthin A in the adipose tissue was distributed at a concentration of 97.5 nmol/g. These results demonstrate that dietary fucoxanthin accumulates in the heart and liver as fucoxanthinol and in adipose tissue as amarouciaxanthin A.
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2009年07月, BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 102 (2), 242 - 248, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We examined the immunomodulation capability of Bifidobacterium longum strains via a Transwell co-culture system using human colonic epithelial cells, Caco-2, in the upper chamber, and human macrophage-like cells, THP1, in the lower chamber of the culture. Heat-treated cells of three B. longum strains, JCM1217T, KT237 or H7-115, were added to the upper chamber to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and the culture was incubated for 24 hr. After incubation, THP-1 cells in the lower chamber were placed in a separate well containing fresh medium with LPS and incubated for 6 hr. After incubation, we found that TNF-α secretion from THP-1 cells, that had been co-cultured with Caco-2 directly contacting heat-treated cells of B. longum strains, especially H7-115, was suppressed. This was, however, not the case in an the almost identical experiment using B. longum cells killed under ultra-violet light (not heat-treated). We then blocked Caco-2 TLR2 with anti-TLR 2 antibodies in another co-culture experiment and found that blocking TLR2 canceled the indirect anti-inflammatory effect of B. longum H7-115. The evidence suggests that some heat-resistant somatic structures of B. longum can modulate a host's immune response at least via TLR2 expressed on intestinal epithelial cells.
JAPAN BIFIDUS FOUNDATION, 2009年04月01日, Bioscience and microflora, 28 (2), 45 - 48, 英語The establishment of a simple technique to determine the concentration of fucoidan wag developed by using a monoclonal antibody against fucoidan. This antibody reacted with fucoidans purified from Laminaria japonica Areschoug (Makombu in Japanese) and Kjellmaniella gyrate Miyabe (Gagome), but not with polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida Suringar (Wakame). Neither laminarin nor algenic acid, which are constituents in Laminaria japonica, were recognized by the prepared antibody. Application of the enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition assay increased the specificity of fucoidan in measuring the fucoidan contents. On the basis of these results, it was ascertained that the ELISA inhibition assay of using the anti-fucoidan monoclonal antibody was rapid, accurate, and sensitive in measuring the content of fucoidan. In addition, the localization of fucoidan in Laminaria japonica was investigated. This is the first report of fucoidan being restricted to the outer cortical layer.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2009年02月, BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 73 (2), 335 - 338, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Hot water extracts from Agaricus brasiliensis S. Wasser et al. (ABSW) were dissolved in distilled water and fed to 8-weeks male ICR mice as drinking water for 14 days. The cumulative number of scratching behavior monitored for 20 min in salinetreated mice (control) was approximately 2,300 after intradermal injection of compound 48/80 which is a pruritogenic agent, whereas those in ABSW decreased to be approximately 960. To determine the effects of ABSW on degranulation in mast cell activation, histamine contents in blood were measured. ABSW treatment suppressed histamine release to 36% compared to control. When splenocytes were incubated with concanavalin A (Con A Τ cell mitogen), contents of IFN-γ and IL-4 significantly increased compared with non-treatments of Con A, but IL-12 did not show any difference with/without Con A. Moreover, ABSW significantly induced IFN-γ production from splenocytes incubated with Con A. These results indicate that ABSW possess immunomodulating property that might be involved in the development of Th1 cells, culminating in an inhibition of immediate type allergy caused by compound 48/80. © 2008 American Chemical Society.
American Chemical Society, 2008年09月19日, ACS Symposium Series, 993, 399 - 407, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
A system for assessing the anti-inflammatory effect of food factors was developed by establishing a co-culture system with intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells (apical side) and macrophage RAW264.7 cells (basolateral side). In this system, the stimulation of RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide was followed by a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance, which is a market of the integrity of the Caco-2 monolayer and an increase in TNF-alpha production from RAW264.7 cells and IL-8 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells. Treatment with anti-TNF-alpha. antibodies or budesonide suppressed in increase in TNF-alpha production and IL-8 mRNA expression. These results indicated that this co-culture model could imitate the gut inflammation in vivo. In addition, fucoidan, sulphated polysaccharides from brown algae, was employed as a candidate of evolution and added to the apical side of this model. Fucoidan suppressed IL-8 gene expression through a reduction in TNF-alpha production from RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2008年09月, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 374 (3), 565 - 569, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
'Shibukiri mizu' (SM) is the supernatant containing astringency components obtained from azuki beans that have been boiled in water for 6 min and then allowed to stand. Even though this supernatant is expected to contain many bioactive components, such as polyphenol glycosides, oligosaccharides and saponins, SM is currently disposed as a food-processing waste. In this study, we examined the antibacterial effects of SM on food-poisoning bacteria, plant pathogens, and plant growth-promoting bacteria. SM showed high antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus 209P and Pseudomonas solanacearum MAFF 03- 01418, and very minor activity to Pseudomonas fluorescens MAFF 01-06351. These results indicate that the food processing waste SM may be effectively re-utilized as an antibacterial material against food-poisoning bacteria and plant pathogens.
2008年, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 55 (12), 606 - 611, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The Japanese phrase, shajuku-eki (SE), refers to the filtrate obtained after re-boiling azuki bean for 90 min to remove the astringency-component during the manufacturing of azuki paste. Currently, SE is discarded as a by-product of azuki paste following treatment with microbes. Here, we investigated the stachyose content in SE and methods to recovery stachyose for the purpose of effectively reusing SE. We found that the stachyose content in SE was 25.9-49.3% that of the total stachyose content in azuki beans of 5 cultivars, and that the carbonation process showed the highest recovery rate of stachyose (70.6-80.0% yield) with 75.5-80.5% decolorization. These results indicate that effective re-utilization of SE may be possible.
2008年, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 55 (10), 506 - 509, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We examined the remedial effect of Agaricus brasiliensis S. Wasser et al. (ABSW) on the severity of dermatitis and levels of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) in NC/Nga mice, which develop atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions on treatment with repeated challenge with picryl chloride (PiCl). Oral administration of ABSW extract suppressed the development of dermatitis. We also investigated the levels of serum IgE and found that the levels in the ABSW group were lower than in the control group. Moreover, serum levels in the ABSW group were increased. We further investigated ex vivo interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 production from spleen cells on stimulation with concanavalin A or a simultaneous treatment of anti-CD3ε and anti-CD28 antibodies. There were no significant differences between ABSW and control groups in the production of IFN-γ and IL-4. ABSW extract directly increased IFN-γ production and decreased IL-4 production in cytokine production from spleen cells in vitro. These results suggest that ABSW establishes Th1 dominance, which contributes to cellular immunity. © 2008 by Begell House, Inc.
2008年, International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 10 (1), 15 - 24, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The cell wall material (CWM) and eight cell wall polysaccharides fractions were extracted from 'Fuji' and 'Kinsei' apples during storage at different time (0 and 42 days). The sugar composition characteristics of each fraction were determined by gas chromatography. The results showed that, during storages, the firmness of 'Kinsei' apples decreased significantly (Fig. 1), and a significant peak of ethylene production was shown after 10 d storage, but only a little ethylene was produced in 'Fuji' apples, which had a better storability (Fig.2). Compare to other cell wall polysaccharide fractions, in Na2CO 3-soluble pectic fractions of apple fruit, there were abundant rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), which branched highly in side chains due to the compositions of arabinans, galactans, arabinogalactans etc (Tables 2-5 and Fig.4). As for cell wall polysaccharides, in 'Kinsei' apples, the decrease of pectic fractions was shown most significantly in Na2CO3-1 fraction (Table 1 and Fig.3), which was associated with a significant degradation of arabinosyl and galactosyl residues on the side chains (Table 3). Further more, higher molecular mass in Na2CO3-1 pectic polysaccharides degraded and turned into ones with smaller molecular mass (Fig.5). From these results, the degradation of side chains in Na 2CO3-1 pectic polysaccharides under the activity of enzyme was considered one of the most significant factors of apple fruit softening through modifying the network of cell wall polysaccharides.
2006年12月, Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, 32 (6), 617 - 626, 中国語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Peritoneal macrophages from toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 knockout mice (TLR4-/- and TLR2-/-) were stimulated with a water-insoluble hetero-glycan (ABHG), purified from a fruit body of Agaricus brasiliensis. TLR4-/- mice did not produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO), but TLR2-/- did. However, ABHG did not inhibit TNF-α and NO production by macrophages in the presence of polymyxin B, which could bind to lipid A in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suggesting that ABHG did not contain LPS as contaminants. These results indicated that ABHG was recognized through TLR4-/- to produce inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and NO. RT-PCR was used to investigate the effect of ABHG on mRNA expression of TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7. TNF-α mRNA expression was induced 0.5 hr after stimulation, peaked in 3 hr, and thereafter decreased to reach a stable level after 24 hr. On the other hand, iNOS mRNA induction was delayed for 3 hr and thereafter remained at the same level until 24 hr after stimulation. Furthermore, the DNA binding activity of NF-κB was observed as early as 0.5 hr after treatment and rapidly increased to its peak value 2 hr later, and thereafter decreased. When RAW 264.7 was stimulated with ABHG in the presence of an anti-TNF-α antibody, TNF-α mRNA expression was not affected and iNOS was downregulated. These results indicate that TNF-α production by RAW 264.7, stimulated with an immunomodulating polysaccharide such as ABHG, was enhanced by upregulating of NF-κB through TLR4, and the newly produced TNF-α enhanced NO production trough an autocrine pathway. © 2006 by Begell House, Inc.
2006年, International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 8 (3), 223 - 229, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Lentinan, an antitumor substance purified from Lentinula edodes, is degraded during post-harvest preservation as a result of increased glucanase activity. We isolated an exo-beta-1,3-glucanase encoding gene, exg2, from L. edodes which is a homologue of an exo-glucanase-encoding gene conserved in ascomycetous fungi. The exg2 gene was cloned as an approximately 2.4-kbp cDNA, and as a genomic sequence of 3.9-kbp. The product of the exg2 gene is predicted to contain 759 amino acids with a molecular weight of 79 kDa and a pI value of 4.6. The putative N-terminus of EXG2 is identical to the N-terminal sequences of lentinan-degrading enzymes, GNase I and II, and a custom-made anti-EXG2 peptide anti-serum cross-reacted with purified GNase I and II. Transcription and translation of exg2 was low in the gills of mature fruiting bodies, but increased after harvesting. We conclude that the exg2 gene is a lentinan-degrading enzyme-encoding- gene in L. edodes.
SPRINGER, 2005年09月, CURRENT GENETICS, 48 (3), 195 - 203, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) suspension cells, the expression of the gene encoding alternative oxidase (AOX) and H2O2 accumulation were induced by treatment with β-glucan elicitor. The inhibition of catalase activity enhanced both AOX mRNA expression and the production of H2O2, whereas the ascorbate peroxidase inhibitor did not have any effect on these responses. Simultaneous inhibition of catalase and AOX activities in elicited cells dramatically increased H2O2 accumulation, leading to the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (&UDelta;ψ(m)) and programmed cell death (PCD). The results demonstrate, for the first time, that not only AOX but also catalase plays a central role in the suppression of mitochondrial &UDelta;ψ(m) breakdown and PCD induced by β-glucan elicitor.
SPRINGER, 2005年04月, PLANTA, 220 (6), 849 - 853, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
Using Northern blot analysis, the expression of the Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) agglutinin (CCA) gene was compared with that of its seed storage protein (SSP) gene. After cDNA cloning of SSP, the expression profile of SSP mRNA and CCA mRNA were compared. SSP mRNA was seed-specific, while CCA mRNA was expressed in the stems and flowers (both male and female) as well as in the seeds. Whereas extracts from all organs observed using Western blot analysis exhibited positive signals, in seeds, large expressions of SSP mRNA were restricted to the late maturation and harvest stages. Levels were maintained during the dormant period. No expression was observed during the germination stage. In contrast, CCA mRNA expression was maintained at a high level during development, was at a relatively low level during dormancy, and showed subsequent high expression during germination. These results suggest that one of the physiological roles of CCA is to act as a vegetative storage protein. But since protein expression did not coincide with that of mRNA, the expression of CCA may be regulated both at the transcription and the translation levels.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2004年08月, BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 68 (8), 1698 - 1705, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
Using Northern blot analysis, the expression of the Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) agglutinin (CCA) gene was compared with that of its seed storage protein (SSP) gene. After cDNA cloning of SSP, the expression profile of SSP mRNA and CCA mRNA were compared. SSP mRNA was seed-specific, while CCA mRNA was expressed in the stems and flowers (both male and female) as well as in the seeds. Whereas extracts from all organs observed using Western blot analysis exhibited positive signals, in seeds, large expressions of SSP mRNA were restricted to the late maturation and harvest stages. Levels were maintained during the dormant period. No expression was observed during the germination stage. In contrast, CCA mRNA expression was maintained at a high level during development, was at a relatively low level during dormancy, and showed subsequent high expression during germination. These results suggest that one of the physiological roles of CCA is to act as a vegetative storage protein. But since protein expression did not coincide with that of mRNA, the expression of CCA may be regulated both at the transcription and the translation levels.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2004年08月, BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 68 (8), 1698 - 1705, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
Two β-1,3-glucanase isoenzymes, GNase I and II, were isolated from Lentinule edodes fruiting body. They degraded lentinan in an exo manner during storage of the mushroom. GNase I and II were monomeric proteins with apparent molecular masses of 72.9 and 74.7 kDa, respectively. It was shown that K m values for GNase I and GNase II against lentinan were 1.02 and 2.41 μM, respectively. Moreover, it was demonstrated by western blotting analysis that this enzyme was synthesized de novo in L. edodes during storage at 20 °C, but not at 1 or 5 °C. And this pattern of western blot was consistent with that of glucanase activity during storage of L. edodes. In addition, the immunomodulating effects of lentinan on TNF-α and NO production were diminished with its degradation by this enzyme. These results suggested that synthesis of exo β-1,3-glucanases were induced under storage conditions at 20 °C, and lentinan degradation by their attack might result in the depletion of immunomodulating activity of L. edodes. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
2004年07月08日, Carbohydr. Polym., 56 (3), 279 - 286, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
Two beta-1,3-glucanase isoenzymes, GNase I and 11, were isolated from Lentinule edodes fruiting body. They degraded lentinan in an exo manner during storage of the mushroom. GNase I and 11 were monomeric proteins with apparent molecular masses of 72.9 and 74.7 kDa, respectively. It was shown that K-m, values for GNase I and GNase 11 against lentinan were 1.02 and 2.41 muM, respectively. Moreover, it was demonstrated by western blotting analysis that this enzyme was synthesized de novo in L. edodes during storage at 20 degreesC, but not at I or 5 degreesC. And this pattern of western blot was consistent with that of glucanase activity during storage of L. edodes. In addition, the immunomodulating effects of lentinan on TNF-alpha and NO production were diminished with its degradation by this enzyme. These results suggested that synthesis of exo beta-1,3-glucanases were induced under storage conditions at 20 degreesC, and lentinan degradation by their attack might result in the depletion of immunomodulating activity of L. edodes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All riahts reserved.
ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2004年07月, CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS, 56 (3), 279 - 286, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs), such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), produce a wide variety of biological and toxic effects mainly through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent mechanism. After the binding of HAHs, the AhR subsequently transforms its form in order to interact with a specific DNA sequence, the dioxin responsive element (DRE). Thus, detection of the transformed AhR is a target for estimation of the biological and toxic potency of ligands. In this study, we have developed a simple method for quantitative assessment of the transformation state of AhR based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) combined with southwestern chemistry technique (SW-ELISA) that detects the complex of transformed AhR:fluorescein isotbiocyanate (FITC)-labeled DRE probe. SW-ELISA has shown the response to HAHs including TCDD and other known agonists in a dose-dependent manner. In the case of TCDD, SW-ELISA has revealed a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 2 pM (0.026 pg/assay), a median effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.125 nM (1.6 pg/assay), and a maximum response at 10 nM (129 pg/assay). Furthermore, SW-ELISA provides the confirmation that flavonoids, the potent antagonists for AhR as reported previously, show the inhibitory effects on TCDD-induced AhR transformation. These results indicate that SW-ELISA is a new and straightforward method for the detection of AhR transformation and will be useful in screening of agonists or antagonists for AhR. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2004年04月, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS, 287 (1-2), 187 - 201, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
Induction of xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes is related to the formation and chemoprevention of cancer. Since cytochrome P450s (CYPs) including CYP1A subfamily metabolize certain pro-carcinogens to their ultimate forms, downregulation of CYP1As by food factors leads to the prevention of cancer. Mushroom polysaccharides, especially beta-glucans such as lentinan from Lentinus edodes, possess the anti-tumor and immunomodulating activities through the cytokine production from immunocytes. Recent our studies have demonstrated that lentinan suppresses hepatic CYP1As expression in the both constitutive and inducible levels through the production of tumor necrosis factor-a and an increase in the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB. This paper discusses on the effective lentinan dosage and route of administration for suppression of CYP1As.
WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2004年, BIOFACTORS, 21 (1-4), 407 - 409, 英語研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Mushrooms have been consumed as flavorful and medicinal foods for millenniums. Mushroom polysaccharides possess antitumor activity through the stimulation of cytokine productions from immunocytes. On the other hand, lipopolysaccharide suppresses the expression of various hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs) through the production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. In this study, lentinan prepared from Lentinus edodes and polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei (ABPS) were intraperitoneally injected to female BALB/c mice, and the effects of these polysaccharides on the expression of CYPs were investigated in the liver. Both polysaccharides down-regulated the activity and level of constitutive and 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible CYP1A accompanied by the TNF-alpha production. When lentinan was orally administered to mice, down-regulation of the level and activity of CYP1A through the suppression of DNA binding activity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor also occurred. These results suggest that the mushroom polysaccharides such as lentinan and ABPS have an anti-carcinogenic activity, since the down-regulation of CYP1A is considered to prevent the metabolic activation of procarcinogens.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2003年, FOOD FACTORS IN HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION, 851, 235 - 248, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), a contaminant in diet, induces apoptosis in immunocytes such as splenocytes and thymocytes. In rat mononuclear cells (MNCs), Trp-P-1 also induces apoptosis, in which caspase-8 dominated the caspase cascade. Since Trp-P-1-induced apoptosis in immunocytes may be led to immunodeficiency, it is important for a living body to prevent the apoptosis. Although Trp-P-1 increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, both ascorbic acid and alpha-tocophrol did not inhibite the apoptosis. This indicates that the induction of apoptosis was not mediated through reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, certain food components such as dopamine, myricetin, robinetin, delphinidin, pyrogallol, and gallic acid inhibited Trp-P-1-induced apoptosis. Thus, these food components in our dairy diet may prevent chemical-induced cytotoxicity in immunocytes.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2003年, FOOD FACTORS IN HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION, 851, 128 - 140, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(学術雑誌)
To investigate the response of ascorbate peroxidase (APx; EC 1.11.1.11) to low-temperature stress in potato tubers, a cDNA clone encoding APx was isolated from a potato tuber eDNA library. The full-length clone contains a cDNA that is 1039 bp in length and has an open reading frame of 750 by coding for 250 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of APx had high homology with the cytosolic APx (cAPx) from other plant sources and lacked a transit peptide, implying that it encoded a cAPx. APx mRNA was detected by northern blot analysis using cAPx as a DNA probe. mRNA levels during storage at 1 degreesC increased 2.5-fold in 3 weeks as compared with the initial values. Activity staining of APx peaked at 12 weeks after harvest in tubers stored at 1 degreesC, and increased approximately 3.4-fold during the first 12 weeks of storage. APx amounts as determined by western blot analysis using anti-APx antibody correlated well with activity staining of APx. This shows that APx was highly induced by low temperature stress during storage. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2002年10月, PLANT SCIENCE, 163 (4), 829 - 836, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
To investigate the effects of lentinan from Lentinas edodes and polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei (ABPS) on the expression of cytochrome P450s (CYPs), lentinan (10 mg/kg/day) or ABPS (200 mg/kg/day) was administered to female BALB/c mice four times every other day by intraperitoneal injection. Lentinan and ABPS suppressed both the constitutive and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced CYP1A expression and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation activity in the liver.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2002年07月, BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 66 (7), 1610 - 1614, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), one of the tryptophan pyrolysates, is a dietary carcinogen and is formed in cooked meat and fish in our daily diet. Trp-P-1 will affect the cells in the blood circulation system before it causes carcinogenicity in target organs such as the liver. In this study, the cytotoxicity of Trp-P-1 was investigated in mononuclear cells (MNCs) from blood. Trp-P-1 (10-15 CIM) decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis characterized both by morphological changes and by DNA fragmentation 4 h after treatment. DNA fragmentation was also observed following treatment at 1 nM after 24 h in culture. This result suggested that apoptosis would occur in the body following unexpected intake of foods containing Trp-P-1. To determine the mechanism of apoptosis, we investigated the activation of the caspase cascade in MNCs. Trp-P-1 (10-15 muM) activated the caspase cascade, i.e. the activity of caspase-3,-6,-7,-8 and -9 increased dose-dependently using peptide substrates, the active forms of caspase-3, -8 and -9 were detected by immunoblotting, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and protein kinase C-delta as the intracellular substrates for caspases was observed. A peptide inhibitor of caspase-8 completely suppressed activation of all other caspases, while an inhibitor of caspase-9 did not. These results indicated that caspase-8 may act as an apical caspase in the Trp-P-1-activated cascade. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2001年05月, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH, 1539 (1-2), 44 - 57, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We measured the contents of anti-tumor polysaccharides in certain mushrooms using the two kinds of antibodies that specifically recognize lentinan and GGF, which were isolated from Lentinus edodes and Grifola frondosa, respectively, as β-glucans of these polysaccharides. To determine which mushrooms showed immunomodulating activity, the TNF-α and NO productions of mouse peritoneal macrophages and the subset analysis of splenic lymphocytes stimulated with a polysaccharide from each mushroom were examined. It was ascertained that polysaccharides from mushrooms that enhanced NO production also elicited TNF-α production and that mushrooms containing the positive polysaccharides to anti-lentinan and anti-GGF antibodies at least augmented the production of TNF-α and NO. Furthermore, the polysaccharides from Fammulina velutipes and Meripilus giganteu increased lymphocyte T cell subsets. Therefore, we demonstrated that those polysaccharides had high levels of immunomodulating activity.
S. Karger AG, 2001年, Food Science and Technology Research, 7 (1), 31 - 34, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We compared the antioxidant enzyme activities between Solanum tuberosum L. cultivars Kitaakari and "Danshaku" during storage at 1 degrees C and 20 degrees C. The Kitaakari and Danshaku plants contained approximately 330 mu M and 120 mu M ascorbic acid (AsA) immediately after the harvest, respectively. At 1 degrees C, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APx) in the Kitaakari plants showed the tendency to increase, while in the Danshaku its activity increased temporally by 9 weeks and thereafter returned to basal levels. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased after 12 weeks in the case of the Kitaakari at 1 degrees C. Catalase did not show any difference in both cultivars at each temperature. The contents of AsA, which was one of the substrates of APx, decreased more rapidly at 1 degrees C than at 20 degrees C in both cultivars. Particularly in the case of the Danshaku, AsA contents were already less than 30 mu M at 9 weeks, which confirmed that APx was inactivated.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2000年06月, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 48 (6), 2117 - 2121, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Eight species of mushrooms were evaluated for mitogenic activity by the tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method using spleen cells of C3H/HeN female mice. The hot water-soluble (HWS) fraction extracted from Sarcodon aspratus showed the highest activity. The mitogen in Sa. aspratus was isolated by Sepharose 6B and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Preliminary structural analyses indicated that the mitogen was a fucogalactan. Fucogalactan elicited the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) in macrophages of mice in vitro. TNF-alpha production induced with 50 mu g/ml of fucogalactan was significantly higher than that induced by lentinan (500 mu g/ml) by approximately 4.3-fold. Also, fucogalactan showed dose dependence at concentrations from 5 to 500 mu g/ml in NO production. Thus, fucogalactan does elicit the release of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and NO. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2000年02月, IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY, 46 (2), 113 - 121, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The changes in the contents of an anti-tumor polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes (lentinan) and Grifola frondosa (GGF) during storage were investigated using by an ELISA inhibition assay. When the mushrooms were stored at low temperature, the contents of their anti-tumor polysaccharides show hardly any changes, but their contents decreased markedly at higher temperature (20°C). Moreover, the effect of the extract from Lentinus edodes stored at different temperatures on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO) productions from macrophages was investigated to confirm the influence to the stimulation of macrophages. Because lentinan stimulates macrophages to augment their antitumor activity. Their productions showed little difference between Lentinus edodes stored at low temperature and the fresh mushroom, although the cytokine production decreased significantly in Lentinus edodes stored at 20°C. These results suggest that low-temperature storage is more effective in maintaining not only the quality of the mushrooms but also the contents of anti-tumor polysaccharides as health-beneficient foods.
IOS Press, 2000年, BioFactors, 12 (1-4), 275 - 281, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
Anti-tumor active polysaccharide against Sarcoma 180 was isolated by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and Sepharose 4B column chromatography from the hot-water soluble fraction of the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill. This polysaccharide did not react with antibodies of anti-tumor polysaccharides such as lentinan, gliforan, and FIII-2-b which is one of anti-tumor polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei. Moreover, the analyses of 13C-NMR and GC-MS suggested that this polysaccharide was preliminarily glucomannan with a main chain of β-1,2-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues and B-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues as a side chain. This polysaccharide was completely different from the anti-tumor polysaccharide from fruiting body of Agaricus blazei, β-1,6-glucan.
1999年04月, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International, 47 (4), 707 - 714, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The lentinan contents in the Lentinus edodes fruit body during storage were examined by ELISA method using anti-lentinan antibodies. The lentinan content (12.8 mg.g(-1) dw) before storage decreased to 3.7 mg.g(-1) dw over 7 days at 20 degrees C. However, it only slightly-decreased at 1 degrees C and only decreased to 9.3 mg.g(-1) dw at 5 degrees C. Glucanase activity, which seems to be associated with lentinan-degradation, increased more during storage of L. edodes at 20 degrees C than it did at lower temperatures. In addition, only glucose was detected as a degraded product from lentinan by the glucanase. This suggested that this enzyme would fit the profile of an exo-type glucanase. Also, polyphenol oxidase activity, known as an index of freshness reduction in the mushroom, increased similar to 2.7-fold (to 61.5 units.mg(-1)) over 7 days during storage at 20 degrees C. However, its activity changed little during storage at lower temperatures. These results indicate that the reduction during storage of the quality of L. edodes as a functional food is accompanied by the decrease of lentinan, and by browning, and that exo-glucanase plays an important role in the decrease of lentinan content.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1999年04月, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 47 (4), 1530 - 1532, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Antibodies against an antitumor β-glucan purified from Grifola frondosa (GGF) were raised in the rabbit by subcutaneous immunization. Our antibodies reacted significantly with GGF by an ELISA inhibition assay. The antibodies did not recognize other polysaccharides such as laminarin and pustulan, but reacted somewhat with lentinan, whose structure is similar to GGF. It was demonstrated that GGF could be measured by ELISA using antibodies. In addition, the effects of the storage temperature on GGF content during storage were measured using our antibody. GGF content was 24.7 μg/g fresh weight (f.w.) at zero time storage, and little change occurred during storage of the mushroom for 7 days at 5°C. However, a drastic decrease to 11.4 μg/g f.w. occurred after 7 days of storage at 20°C. These results suggest that storage at low temperatures is desirable to maintain the quality of GGF.
S. Karger AG, 1999年, Food Science and Technology Research, 5 (4), 398 - 401, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We investigated the behavior of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APx), in potato tubers during storage at low temperature. SOD activity increased temporarily within 3 weeks and was higher at 1°C than at 20°C. APx activity also increased more at low (1°C) than at higher temperatures (5 and 20°C). The contents of ascorbic acid (AsA), which is the substrate of APx, decreased immediately within 3 weeks and then gradually decreased until 15 weeks. The activity of CAT, the other enzyme which can scavenge hydrogen peroxide, decreased once in the first six weeks and thereafter increased to 15 weeks. Thus, the enhancement of the active oxygen-scavenging system that was induced by low temperature in potato tubers could result not only in a decrease of AsA but also in combined increases in APx and CAT activity whose manners were different.
1998年04月, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International, 44 (4), 717 - 726, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Subset analysis of splenic lymphocytes using how cytometry showed that the percentages of Thy1.2-(pan T-cells), L3T4-(CD4, helper T-cells), and LSt2-(CD8, cytotoxic T-cells) positive cell populations were significantly increased in mice orally administered a hot water-soluble fraction from Agaricus blazei as compared with mice treated only with saline. C-13-NMR data indicates that the main component in the active polysaccharide is the complex of alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,4-glucan, which had already been shown to have anti-tumor activity against Sarcoma 180. He seems that the polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei may be an effective prophylactic, protecting humans against cancer by stimulating lymphocytes such as cytotoxic T-cells.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 1998年03月, BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 62 (3), 434 - 437, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
トマト果実の生育および成熟過程のエチレン生成の調節機構を明らかにするため, 未成熟トマトや成熟後のトマト果実を用いて果実にエチレンを与えた時, エチレン生成系における各中間物質と関係酵素の活性がどのように変化するかを検討した。
トマト果実の生育過程および追熟中の果実内のエチレン濃度は, 生育段階では低く, Mature green (MG) 段階でほぼ閾値に達し, 追熟段階で急激に増加した。
各生育・成熟段階の果実に22時間, 100μl・l-1のエチレン処理したところ, MG以前の果実では炭酸ガス生成は促進されたが, エチレン生成には影響がなかった。また, ACC酸化酵素とACC-マロニルトランスフェラーゼに関して, MG以前の果実ではどちらの活性もエチレン処理によって促進されたが, その値は前者では追熟中のものとほぼ同値であったが後者は追熟中のものより顕著に高かった。
さらに長時間のエチレン処理と処理中断によるACC酸化酵素とACC-マロニルトランスフェラーゼへの影響をMGの果実で検討した。両酵素とも処理開始後1日で最大に達し, 処理継続中は高く, 処理が終わると1日で急激に低下した。エチレンの生成経路の鍵酵素であるACC合成酵素とエチレンの前駆物質であるACCについて, 同様MGの果実でエチレン処理の影響を検討した。処理中の2日間は果実からのエチレン生成は非常に低く, またACC合成酵素の活性も低かった。その後, 2日間おいたものではACC合成酵素活性の増加とACCの蓄積が認められた。
Transcription factors are activated in response to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli. The present study investigated which step Gingko biloba extract EGb 761), a flavonoid phytochemical rich preparation can affect signal transduction during AP-1 activation. Kinetic experiments with human Jurkat T-cell lines demonstrate that it takes 1 to 1.5 h to activate AP-1 DNA binding activity. These data indicate that c-fos mRNA is expressed and then AP-1 DNA binding activity is activated. Pretreatment of Jurkat T cells with 10 μg/ml EGb 761 suppresses AP-1 DNA activation and c-fos mRNA expression. These results suggest that the step in the signal transduction pathway for AP-1 activation that is inhibited by EGb 761 is upstream to c-fos mRNA expression.
1996年, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International, 39 (2), 395 - 401, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The different effects between wild and cultured Panax ginseng on immunological activity were investigated. The extracts of hot water soluble fraction from wild Panax ginseng showed the mitogenic activity to lymphocytes but that from cultured Panax ginseng did not. The mitogenic activity of wild Panax ginseng (100 μg/well) was almost equal to Concanavalin A (0.1 μg/well) which was well-known as one of T cell mitogens. The percentages of Thy 1.2-(pan T cells), L3T4-(helper T cells) and Lyt2-(cytotoxic T cells) positive cell population were significantly increased in the mice orally administered hot water soluble fraction from wild Panax ginseng as compared to control by 31.2, 17.9 and 30.1 percent, respectively. © 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
1994年05月30日, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 200 (3), 1672 - 1678, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Mutagenicity of the reaction products of L-histidine with sodium nitrite at pH 4.0 were studied. One of the five reaction products obtained showed the mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium his reversion assay. The mutagen was purified by crystallization and identified by instrumental analyses to be (1-nitroso-1H-imidazol-4-yl)acetohydroxamic acid (NIAH), which was the product of histidine undergoing nitrosation at the imidazolic secondary amine and oxidation of the primary amine at the side chain. NIAH showed a lethal mutation on TA98 strain without S9 mix and then was submitted to the induced mutation frequency (IMF) test. NIAH gave a dose-dependent IMF value on TA98, and the value at the concentration of 10 mug/plate was 4.29 X 10(-6)/cell. NIAH exhibited weak mutagenicity on TA100 strain and did not have a DNA-damaging activity on H17 Rec+ and M45 Rec- of Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, NIAH was considered to be a frame-shift-type mutagen.
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1993年07月, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 41 (7), 1090 - 1093, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
1) ブロッコリーを20℃, 10℃, 5℃に貯蔵して炭酸ガスとエチレン生成をみたところ20℃ではクライマクテリック・ライズに似た増加と減少が認められた。この増減は主に花らい部によるものであった。
2) 貯蔵中老化に伴う花らい部のエチレン生成の変化をエチレン生成経路の挙動から調べたところ, ACCおよびMACC含量の変化はあまりなく, ACC含量はエチレン生成の急激な増減と一致しなかった。
3) ACCオキシダーゼおよびACCマロニルトランスフェラーゼの活性の貯蔵中の変化は20℃では変化は顕著であり, 一方10℃では緩慢であった.20℃貯蔵ではACCオキシダーゼ活性の変化はエチレン生成の変化とほぼ一致し, 10℃ではエチレン生成の減少する貯蔵3日以降にACCオキシダーゼ活性は急減した。
Dietary butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) has been known to have inconsistent functions on carcinogenesis, both prevention ard initiation. We assumed that both functions of BHA were introduced by the derivatives formed after the reaction with gastric components such as nitrite in the stomach. We then identified the derivatives produced by incubating BHA with sodium nitrite at pH 2.0 or pH 5.0. Eight derivatives were detected; 2-tert.-butyl-p-quinone (BQ), 3,3'-di-tert.-butyl-biphenyldiquinone-(2,5,2',5') (BBDQ), 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-8-hydroxy-dibenzofuran-1,4-quinone (BHDQ), 6-nitro-BHA, 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-di-tert.butyl-5,5'-dimethoxy-biphenyl (di-BHA), an oxidized product of di-BHA, and two unstable reaction intermediates. BQ was a major final product at pH 2.0, but not at pH 5.0. 6-Nitro-BHA and the oxidized products of di-BHA were also the final products. BBDQ was formed from di-BHA and easily converted to BHDQ. Their mutagenicity and desmutagenicity were assayed using Salmonella typhimurium strains. BQ and BBDQ were the mutagens of base-substitution type, BHDQ was the potent desmutagen against a mutagenicity of Trp-P-2, and the others had neither of the two activities. Thus, BHA was found to produce both the mutagen and desmutagen under the gastric conditions. BQ has been previously reported to be easily detoxified by glutathione, and BHA itself is well known to prevent carcinogenesis. In the assessment of dietary BHA on carcinogenesis, since one of the mutagens from BHA is easily detoxified in our bodies and another is converted to a desmutagen, BHA appears to be one of the favourable chemicals for us.
BIOSCIENCE EDIPRINT INC, 1992年, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TISSUE REACTIONS-EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS, 14 (5), 211 - 218, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The yellow mutagen, 3,3′-di-tert-butyl-biphenyldiquinone-(2,5,2′,5′), which was formed from butylated hydroxyanisole when reacted with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions, was transformed into a red crystal by irradiation with sunlight in an ether solution. The photolytic product was identified as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-8-hydroxy-dibenzofuran-1,4-quinone from instrumental analyses. During the irradiation, two kinds of free radicals were detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. A photolytic reaction mechanism, in which radical intermediates participate, is proposed on the basis of the data obtained. The photolytic product showed potent desmutagenic activity to frameshift-type reverse mutations induced by Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 for a strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. © 1988, Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry. All rights reserved.
1988年, Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 52 (9), 2265 - 2271, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)
研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)
研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)
During cytokinesis in brown algal cells, Golgi-derived vesicles (GVs) and flat cisternae (FCs) are involved in building the new cell partition membrane. In this study, we followed the membrane fusion process in Silvetia babingtonii zygotes using electron microscopy together with rapid freezing and freeze substitution. After mitosis, many FCs were formed around endoplasmic reticulum clusters and these then spread toward the future cytokinetic plane. Actin depolymerization using latrunculin B prevented the appearance of the FCs. Fusion of GVs to FCs resulted in structures that were thicker and more elongated (EFCs; expanded flat cisternae). Some complicated membranous structures (MN; membranous network) were formed by interconnection of EFCs and following the arrival of additional GVs. The MN grew into membranous sacs (MSs) as gaps between the MNs disappeared. The MSs were observed in patches along the cytokinetic plane. Neighboring MSs were united to form the new cell partition membrane. An immunocytochemical analysis indicated that fucoidan was synthesized in Golgi bodies and transported by vesicles to the future cytokinetic plane, where the vesicles fused with the FCs. Alginate was not detected until the MS phase. Incubation of sections with cellulase-gold showed that the cellulose content of the new cross wall was not comparable to that of the parent cell wall.
SPRINGER, 2010年07月, PLANTA, 232 (2), 287 - 298, 英語書評論文,書評,文献紹介等
研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)
`Shibukiri Mizu' (SM) is the supernatant containing astringency components obtained from azuki beans that have boiled in water for 6 min and then allowed to stand. Even though this supernatant is expected to contain many bioactive components, such as polyphenol glycosides, oligosaccharide and saponins, SM is currently disposed as food processing waste. In this atudy, we examined the antioxidative effects of SM. SM showed high antioxidative activity. These results indicate that food processing waste SM may be effectively re-utilized as antioxidative material.
愛知みずほ大学, 2009年03月31日, 瀬木学園紀要, (3), 4 - 4, 日本語研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)
その他
研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)
The rates of carbon dioxide and ethylene production and the levels of 1-aminocyelopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and polyamines, putrescine and spermidine, in chilling-sensitive water convolvulus and resistant chingensai were measured during storage at constant 5°C and 20°C or with temperature rise from 5°C to 20°C. Water convolvulus stored at constant 5°C or transferred from 5°C to 20°C on day 3 developed chilling injury on day 4, while chingensai showed no chilling injury at any temperature storage. Following temperature rise to 20°C with two periods of storage at 5°C, water convolvulus showed differences between the two in the rates of carbon dioxide and ethylene production and the levels of polyamines, putrescine and spermidine however, chingensai remained essentially the same. These results suggest that chilling stress affected the ethylene biosynthetic pathway and polyamine metabolism in chilling-sensitive water convolvulus but not in resistant chingensai.
S. Karger AG, 1999年, Food Science and Technology Research, 5 (1), 64 - 68, 英語書評論文,書評,文献紹介等
記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)
The reaction products from butylated hydroxyanisole treated with nitrite under acidic conditions were investigated for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium his reversion assay and for DNA-damaging activity using H17 Rec+ (wild) and M45 Rec- (recombinationless) of Bacillus subtilis. The chloroform extract of the reaction mixture showed 9 spots on thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Compounds from 2 spots on the TLC had high mutagenic activity in TA100 without S9 mix, with DNA-damaging activity. The 2 mutagens were then crystallized from the reaction mixture and identified to be 2-tert.-butyl-p-quinone (t-BQ) and the dimer of t-BQ 3,3'-di-tert.-butyl-biphenyldiquinone-(2,5,2',5') (BBDQ), from their instrumental analysis. The mutagenic activities of t-BQ and BBDQ were determined by Ames test, and the induced mutation frequencies were about 1.9 x 10-4 (t-BQ) and 8.3 x 10-5 (BBDQ).
1987年, Mutation Research, 177 (1), 179 - 184, 英語学術書
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