川口 秀夫 | ![]() |
カワグチ ヒデオ | |
先端バイオ工学研究センター | |
准教授 | |
応用化学関係 |
2021年10月 神戸大学, 令和3年度学長表彰(財務貢献者)
2020年10月 神戸大学, 令和2年度学長表彰(財務貢献者)
2019年10月 神戸大学, 令和元年度学長表彰(財務貢献者)
2013年08月 RSC Publishing, Green Chemistry Poster Prize
ベルギー王国出版社・新聞社・財団等の賞
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
Heterosis helps increase the biomass of many crops; however, while models for its mechanisms have been proposed, it is not yet fully understood. Here, we use a QTL analysis of the progeny of a high-biomass sorghum F1 hybrid to examine heterosis. Five QTLs were identified for culm length and were explained using the dominance model. Five resultant homozygous dominant alleles were used to develop pyramided lines, which produced biomasses like the original F1 line. Cloning of one of the uncharacterised genes (Dw7a) revealed that it encoded a MYB transcription factor, that was not yet proactively used in modern breeding, suggesting that combining classic dw1or dw3, and new (dw7a) genes is an important breeding strategy. In conclusion, heterosis is explained in this situation by the dominance model and a combination of genes that balance the shortness and early flowering of the parents, to produce F1 seed yields.
2021年02月25日, Scientific Reports, 11 (1), 4532 - 4532, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
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研究論文(学術雑誌)
Controlling the carbon flux into a desired pathway is important for improving product yield in metabolic engineering. After entering a cell, glucose is channeled into glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which decreases the yield of target products whose synthesis relies on NADPH as a cofactor. Here, we demonstrate redirection of carbon flux into PPP under aerobic conditions in Corynebacterium glutamicum, achieved by replacing the promoter of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase gene (pgi) with an anaerobic-specific promoter of the lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhA). The promoter replacement increased the split ratio of carbon flux into PPP from 39 to 83% under aerobic conditions. The titer, yield, and production rate of 1,5-diaminopentane, whose synthesis requires NADPH as a cofactor, were increased by 4.6-, 4.4-, and 2.6-fold, respectively. This is the largest improvement in the production of 1,5-diaminopentane or its precursor, lysine, reported to date. After aerobic cell growth, pgi expression was automatically induced under anaerobic conditions, altering the carbon flux from PPP to glycolysis, to produce succinate in a single metabolically engineered strain. Such an automatic redirection of metabolic pathway using an oxygen-responsive switch enables two-stage fermentation for efficient production of two different compounds by a single strain, potentially reducing the production costs and time for practical applications.
2020年04月17日, ACS Synthetic Biology, 9 (4), 814 - 826, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
3-Phenyllactic acid (PhLA) is useful as a start-up material in the pharmaceutical and biorefinery industries. To enhance the production of PhLA from glucose using recombinant Escherichia coli, the effects of glucose concentration and oxygen limitation on PhLA production are assessed in a fed-batch system using dissolved oxygen (DO)-stat method. The highest titer of PhLA (7.3 g L-1 ) is observed with a high concentration of glucose and under oxygen-limited conditions (DO = 0 ppm). Under oxygen limitation, cell growth and the formation of acetate and l-phenylalanine (Phe) by-products after 72 h of cultivation are reduced by 30%, 70%, and 81%, respectively, as compared to that under high DO conditions (DO = 5 ppm). Gene expression levels are compared between low and high DO conditions by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Several genes in the glycolysis (gapA and pykA), pentose phosphate (tktA), and early shikimate pathways for PhLA biosynthesis (aroF, aroG, and aroH) are upregulated under oxygen limitation. The results suggest that oxygen limitation affects metabolism in the shikimate pathway at both metabolic and transcriptional levels and that controlling the DO level is critical for enhanced production of a variety of aromatic compounds through the shikimate pathway.
2019年06月, Biotechnology Journal, 14 (6), 1800478, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The aim of this study was to construct a cost-effective method for repeated bioethanol production using membrane (ultrafiltration permeation and nanofiltration concentration)-concentrated sweet sorghum juice by using flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae F118 strain. With low initial dry cell concentrations at around 0.28-0.35 g L-1, the S. cerevisiae F118 strain provided an ethanol titer of 86.19 ± 1.15 g L-1 (theoretical ethanol yield of 70.77%), which was higher than the non-flocculent S. cerevisiae BY4741 strain at 33.92 ± 0.99 g L-1 after 24 h fermentation. This result was correlated with higher gene expressions of the sucrose-hydrolysing enzyme invertase, sugar phosphorylation, and pyruvate-to-ethanol pathways in the F118 strain compared with the BY4741 strain. Sequential fed-batch fermentation was conducted, and the F118 strain was easily separated from the fermentation broth via the formation of flocs and sediment. After the 5th cycle of fermentation with the F118 strain, the ethanol concentration reached 100.37 g L-1.
2018年10月, Bioresource Technology, 265, 542 - 547, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Ultraviolet-absorbing chemicals are useful in cosmetics and skin care to prevent UV-induced skin damage. We demonstrate here that heterologous production of shinorine, which shows broad absorption maxima in the UV-A and UV-B region. A shinorine producing Corynebacterium glutamicum strain was constructed by expressing four genes from Actinosynnema mirum DSM 43827, which are responsible for the biosynthesis of shinorine from sedoheptulose-7-phosphate in the pentose phosphate pathway. Deletion of transaldolase encoding gene improved shinorine production by 5.2-fold. Among the other genes in pentose phosphate pathway, overexpression of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase encoding gene further increased shinorine production by 60% (19.1 mg/L). The genetic engineering of the pentose phosphate pathway in C. glutamicum improved shinorine production by 8.3-fold in total, and could be applied to produce the other chemicals derived from sedoheptulose-7-phosphate.
2018年07月, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 82 (7), 1252 - 1259, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Background: l-Arabinose is the second most abundant component of hemicellulose in lignocellulosic biomass, next to d-xylose. However, few microorganisms are capable of utilizing pentoses, and catabolic genes and operons enabling bacterial utilization of pentoses are typically subject to carbon catabolite repression by more-preferred carbon sources, such as d-glucose, leading to a preferential utilization of d-glucose over pentoses. In order to simultaneously utilize both d-glucose and l-arabinose at the same rate, a modified metabolic pathway was rationally designed based on metabolome analysis. Results: Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 31831 utilized d-glucose and l-arabinose simultaneously at a low concentration (3.6g/L each) but preferentially utilized d-glucose over l-arabinose at a high concentration (15g/L each), although l-arabinose and d-glucose were consumed at comparable rates in the absence of the second carbon source. Metabolome analysis revealed that phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were major bottlenecks for d-glucose and l-arabinose metabolism, respectively. Based on the results of metabolome analysis, a metabolic pathway was engineered by overexpressing pyruvate kinase in combination with deletion of araR, which encodes a repressor of l-arabinose uptake and catabolism. The recombinant strain utilized high concentrations of d-glucose and l-arabinose (15g/L each) at the same consumption rate. During simultaneous utilization of both carbon sources at high concentrations, intracellular levels of phosphoenolpyruvate declined and acetyl-CoA levels increased significantly as compared with the wild-type strain that preferentially utilized d-glucose. These results suggest that overexpression of pyruvate kinase in the araR deletion strain increased the specific consumption rate of l-arabinose and that citrate synthase activity becomes a new bottleneck in the engineered pathway during the simultaneous utilization of d-glucose and l-arabinose. Conclusions: Metabolome analysis identified potential bottlenecks in d-glucose and l-arabinose metabolism and was then applied to the following rational metabolic engineering. Manipulation of only two genes enabled simultaneous utilization of d-glucose and l-arabinose at the same rate in metabolically engineered C. glutamicum. This is the first report of rational metabolic design and engineering for simultaneous hexose and pentose utilization without inactivating the phosphotransferase system.
BioMed Central Ltd., 2018年05月17日, Microbial Cell Factories, 17 (1), 76, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Measuring the concentrations of metabolites and estimating the reaction rates of each reaction step consisting of metabolic pathways are significant for an improvement in microorganisms used in maximizing the production of materials. Although the reaction pathway must be identified for such an improvement, doing so is not easy. Numerous reaction steps have been reported; however, the actual reaction steps activated vary or change according to the conditions. Furthermore, to build mathematical models for a dynamical analysis, the reaction mechanisms and parameter values must be known; however, to date, sufficient information has yet to be published for many cases. In addition, experimental observations are expensive. A new mathematical approach that is applicable to small sample data, and that requires no detailed reaction information, is strongly needed. S-system is one such model that can use smaller samples than other ordinary differential equation models. We propose a simplified S-system to apply minimal quantities of samples for a dynamic analysis of the metabolic pathways. We applied the model to the phenyl lactate production pathway of Escherichia coli. The model obtained suggests that actually activated reaction steps and feedback are inhibitions within the pathway.
2018年05月, Bioinformatics and Biology Insights, 12, 1 - 7, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
© 2017 We investigated the use of low concentrations of butanol (<40%, all v/v) as an organosolv pretreatment to fractionate lignocellulosic biomass into cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The pretreatment conditions were optimized for sorghum bagasse by focusing on four parameters: butanol concentration, sulfuric acid concentration, pretreatment temperature, and pretreatment time. A butanol concentration of 25% or higher together with 0.5% or higher acid was effective for removing lignin while retaining most of the cellulose in the solid fraction. The highest cellulose (84.9%) and low lignin (15.3%) content were obtained after pretreatment at 200 °C for 60 min. Thus, pretreatment comprising 25% butanol, 0.5% acid, 200 °C, and 60 min process time was considered optimal. Enzymatic saccharification and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced 61.9 g/L ethanol from 200 g/L solid fraction obtained following pretreatment, and 10.2 g/L ethanol was obtained from the liquid fraction by xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae following membrane nanofiltration to remove butanol.
2018年03月, Bioresource Technology, 252, 157 - 164, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) serves as a building block for thermoplastics and was recently produced from glucose by microbial fermentation. To produce caffeic acid from inedible cellulose, separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) reactions were compared using kraft pulp as lignocellulosic feedstock. Here, a tyrosine-overproducing Escherichia coli strain was metabolically engineered to produce caffeic acid from glucose by expressing the genes encoding a tyrosine ammonia lyase (fevV) from Streptomyces sp. WK-5344 and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate 3-hydroxylase (hpaBC) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using the resulting recombinant strain, the maximum yield of caffeic acid in SSF (233 mg/L) far exceeded that by SHF (37.9 mg/L). In the SSF with low cellulase loads (≤2.5 filter paper unit/g glucan), caffeic acid production was markedly increased, while almost no glucose accumulation was detected, indicating that the E. coli cells experienced glucose limitation in this culture condition. Caffeic acid yield was also negatively correlated with the glucose concentration in the fermentation medium. These observations suggest that glucose limitation in SSF is crucial for improving caffeic acid yield, owing to reduced by-product formation and fermentation inhibitor accumulation.
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会, 2018年, バイオマス科学会議発表論文集, 13 (0), 135 - 136, 日本語[査読有り]
The worldwide market for plastics is rapidly growing, and plastics polymers are typically produced from petroleum-based chemicals. The overdependence on petroleum-based chemicals for polymer production raises economic and environmental sustainability concerns. Recent progress in metabolic engineering has expanded fermentation products from existing aliphatic acids or alcohols to include aromatic compounds. This diversity provides an opportunity to expand the development and industrial uses of high-performance bio-based polymers. However, most of the biomonomers are produced from edible sugars or starches that compete directly with food and feed uses. The present review focuses on recent progress in the microbial conversion of biomass into bio-based polymers, in which fermentative products from renewable feedstocks serve as biomonomers for the synthesis of bio-based polymers. In particular, the production of biomonomers from inedible lignocellulosic feedstocks by metabolically engineered microorganisms and the synthesis of bio-based engineered plastics from the biological resources are discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2017年12月, Bioresource Technology, 245 (Pt B), 1664 - 1673, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The juice from sweet sorghum cultivar SIL-05 (harvested at physiological maturity) was extracted, and the component sucrose and reducing sugars (such as glucose and fructose) were subjected to a membrane separation process to purify the sucrose for subsequent sugar refining and to obtain a feedstock for repeated bioethanol production. Nanofiltration (NF) of an ultrafiltration (UF) permeate using an NTR-7450 membrane (Nitto Denko Corporation, Osaka, Japan) concentrated the juice and produced a sucrose-rich fraction (143.2 g L-1 sucrose, 8.5 g L-1 glucose, and 4.5 g L-1 fructose). In addition, the above NF permeate was concentrated using an ESNA3 NF membrane to provide concentrated permeated sugars (227.9 g L-1) and capture various amino acids in the juice, enabling subsequent ethanol fermentation without the addition of an exogenous nitrogen source. Sequential batch fermentation using the ESNA3 membrane concentrate provided an ethanol titer and theoretical ethanol yield of 102.5-109.5 g L-1 and 84.4-89.6%, respectively, throughout the five-cycle batch fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741. Our results demonstrate that a membrane process using UF and two types of NF membranes has the potential to allow sucrose purification and repeated bioethanol production.
2017年08月, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101 (15), 6007 - 6014, 英語, 国際誌[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) serves as a building block for thermoplastics and a precursor for biologically active compounds and was recently produced from glucose by microbial fermentation. To produce caffeic acid from inedible cellulose, separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) reactions were compared using kraft pulp as lignocellulosic feedstock. Here, a tyrosine-overproducing Escherichia coli strain was metabolically engineered to produce caffeic acid from glucose by introducing the genes encoding a 4-hydroxyphenyllactate 3-hydroxylase (hpaBC) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and tyrosine ammonia lyase (fevV) from Streptomyces sp. WK-5344. Using the resulting recombinant strain, the maximum yield of caffeic acid in SSF (233 mg/L) far exceeded that by SHF (37.9 mg/L). In the SSF with low cellulase loads (ae<currency>2.5 filter paper unit/g glucan), caffeic acid production was markedly increased, while almost no glucose accumulation was detected, indicating that the E. coli cells experienced glucose limitation in this culture condition. Caffeic acid yield was also negatively correlated with the glucose concentration in the fermentation medium. In SHF, the formation of by-product acetate and the accumulation of potential fermentation inhibitors increased significantly with kraft pulp hydrolysate than filter paper hydrolysate. The combination of these inhibitors had synergistic effects on caffeic acid fermentation at low concentrations. With lower loads of cellulase in SSF, less potential fermentation inhibitors (furfural, 5-hydroxymethyfurfural, and 4-hydroxylbenzoic acid) accumulated in the medium. These observations suggest that glucose limitation in SSF is crucial for improving caffeic acid yield, owing to reduced by-product formation and fermentation inhibitor accumulation.
SPRINGER, 2017年07月, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101 (13), 5279 - 5290, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Bio-refinery processes require use of the most suitable lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic saccharification and microbial fermentation. Glucose yield from biomass solid fractions obtained after dilute sulfuric acid (1%) pretreatment (at 180 degrees C) was investigated using 14, 8, and 16 varieties of rice, wheat, and sorghum, respectively. Biomass solid fractions of each crop showed similar cellulose content. However, glucose yield after enzymatic hydrolysis (cellulase loading at 6.6 filter paper unit/g-biomass) was different among the varieties of each crop, indicating genotypic differences for rice, wheat, and sorghum. Nuclear magnetic resonance method revealed that the high residual level of lignin aromatic regions decreased glucose yield from solid fraction of sorghum.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017年, BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 81 (8), 1650 - 1656, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The feedstocks used for the production of bio-based chemicals have recently expanded from edible sugars to inedible and more recalcitrant forms of lignocellulosic biomass. To produce biobased chemicals from renewable polysaccharides, several bioprocessing approaches have been developed and include separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), and consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). In the last decade, SHF, SSF, and CBP have been used to generate macromolecules and aliphatic and aromatic compounds that are capable of serving as sustainable, drop-in substitutes for petroleum-based chemicals. The present review focuses on recent progress in the bioprocessing of microbially produced chemicals from renewable feedstocks, including starch and lignocellulosic biomass. In particular, the technological feasibility of bio-based chemical production is discussed in terms of the feedstocks and different bioprocessing approaches, including the consolidation of enzyme production, enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass, and fermentation.
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD, 2016年12月, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 42, 30 - 39, 英語[査読有り][招待有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Rice straw is a promising resource for bioethanol production. Because the glucose content of pretreatment liquid hydrolysates is highly correlated with ethanol yield, the selection of appropriate rice cultivars is essential. The glucose content in liquid hydrolysates of pretreated rice straws of 208 diverse cultivars was evaluated in natural field in 2013 and 2014 using a novel high-throughput system. The glucose content of the rice straw samples varied across cultivars and was affected by environmental factors such as temperature and solar radiation. Several high-quality cultivars exhibiting high glucose content in both years were identified. The results of this study can aid in development of novel rice cultivars suitable as both feedstocks for bioethanol production and cooking.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016年05月, Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 80 (5), 863 - 869, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Lignocellulosic hydrolysates contain compounds that inhibit microbial growth and fermentation, thereby decreasing the productivity of biofuel and biochemical production. In particular, the heterocyclic aldehyde furfural is one of the most toxic compounds found in these hydrolysates. We previously demonstrated that Corynebacterium glutamicum converts furfural into the less toxic compounds furfuryl alcohol and 2-furoic acid. To date, however, the genes involved in these oxidation and reduction reactions have not been identified in the C. glutamicum genome. Here, we show that Cgl0331 (designated FudC) is mainly responsible for the reduction of furfural into furfuryl alcohol in C. glutamicum. Deletion of the gene encoding FudC markedly diminished the in vivo reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. Purified His-tagged FudC protein from Escherichia coli was also shown to convert furfural into furfuryl alcohol in an in vitro reaction utilizing NADPH, but not NADH, as a cofactor. Kinetic measurements demonstrated that FudC has a high affinity for furfural but has a narrow substrate range for other aldehydes compared to the protein responsible for furfural reduction in E. coli.
SPRINGER, 2016年03月, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 100 (6), 2685 - 2692, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Background: The primary components of lignocellulosic biomass such as sorghum bagasse are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Each component can be utilized as a sustainable resource for producing biofuels and bio-based products. However, due to their complicated structures, fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass components is required. Organosolv pretreatment is an attractive method for this purpose. However, as organosolv pretreatment uses high concentrations of organic solvents (>50 %), decreasing the concentration necessary for fractionation would help reduce processing costs. In this study, we sought to identify organic solvents capable of efficiently fractionating sorghum bagasse components at low concentrations. Results: Five alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol) were used for organosolv pretreatment of sorghum bagasse at a concentration of 12.5 %. Sulfuric acid (1 %) was used as a catalyst. With 1-butanol and 1-pentanol, three fractions (black liquor, liquid fraction containing xylose, and cellulose-enriched solid fraction) were obtained after pretreatment. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that the lignin aromatic components of raw sorghum bagasse were concentrated in the black liquor fraction, although the major lignin side-chain (beta-O-4 linkage) was lost. Pretreatment with 1-butanol or 1-pentanol effectively removed p-coumarate, some guaiacyl, and syringyl. Compared with using no solvent, pretreatment with 1-butanol or 1-pentanol resulted in two-fold greater ethanol production from the solid fraction by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Conclusions: Our results revealed that a low concentration (12.5 %) of a highly hydrophobic solvent such as 1-butanol or 1-pentanol can be used to separate the black liquor from the solid and liquid fractions. The efficient delignification and visible separation of the lignin-rich fraction possible with this method simplify the fractionation of sorghum bagasse.
BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2016年02月, Biotechnology for Biofuels, 9, 27, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Four types of kenaf bast fibers were prepared via a combination of Wise treatments, for delignification, and alkaline treatments, for the removal of hemicellulose. Each type of kenaf bast fiber with different refining processes were nano fibrillated by grinding. Resulting, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) sheet was obtained from CNF by vacuum filtration (Scheme 1). The structures and properties of these CNF sheets then were investigated to determine how the CNF components had affected these properties. All of the CNFs from different refining processes were classified as a cellulose I-beta type by X-ray diffraction. However, the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, tensile strength and toughness) of the CNF sheet with Wise treatment were higher than the properties of the other three CNF sheets. These results strongly suggested that alkaline treatment was unnecessary for the removal of hemicellulose, and that the application of the Wise treatment effectively imparted high mechanical properties to the cellulose microfiber.
SPRINGER, 2016年02月, Cellulose, 23 (1), 403 - 414, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Sorghum bagasse pretreated with diluted acid, which was predominantly composed of glucan (59%) and xylan (7.2%), was used as a lignocellulosic feedstock to produce D-phenyllactic acid (PhLA) by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain expressing phenylpyruvate reductase from Wickerhamia fluorescens. Compared to filter paper hydrolysate, the PhLA yield was reduced by 35% during fermentation with enzymatic hydrolysate of sorghum bagasse as a carbon source, and metabolomics analysis revealed that intracellular levels of erythrose-4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate and NAD(P)H regeneration for PhLA production from glucose markedly reduced. Compared to the separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) with sorghum bagasse hydrolysate, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of sorghum bagasse under glucose limitation conditions yielded 4.8-fold more PhLA with less accumulation of eluted components of p-coumaric acid and aldehydes, which inhibited PhLA fermentation. These results suggest that gradual hydrolysis of sorghum bagasse during SSF reduces the accumulation of both glucose and fermentation inhibitors, collectively leading to increased PhLA yield.
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会, 2016年01月, バイオマス科学会議発表論文集, 11, 35 - 36, 日本語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
This study aimed to optimize extracellular glutathione production by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered strain and to concentrate the extracellular glutathione by membrane separation processes, including ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF). Synthetic defined (SD) medium containing 20 g L-1 glucose was fermented for 48 h; the fermentation liquid was passed through an UF membrane to remove macromolecules. Glutathione in this permeate was concentrated for 48 h to 545.1 +/- 33.6 mg L-1 using the NF membrane; this was a significantly higher concentration than that obtained with yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) medium following 96 h NF concentration (217.9 +/- 57.4 mg L-1). This higher glutathione concentration results from lower cellular growth in SD medium (final OD600 = 6.9 +/- 0.1) than in YPD medium (final OD600 = 11.0 +/- 0.6) and thus higher production of extracellular glutathione (16.0 +/- 1.3 compared to 9.2 +/- 2.1 mg L-1 in YPD medium, respectively). Similar fermentation and membrane processing of sweet sorghum juice containing 20 g L-1 total sugars provided 240.3 +/- 60.6 mg L-1 glutathione. Increased extracellular production of glutathione by this engineered strain in SD medium and subsequent UF permeation and NF concentration in shortend time may help realize industrial recovery of extracellular glutathione. (C) 2015, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.
SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN, 2016年01月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 121 (1), 96 - 100, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Synthetic polymers are widely used in daily life. Due to increasing environmental concerns related to global warming and the depletion of oil reserves, the development of microbial-based fermentation processes for the production of polymer building block chemicals from renewable resources is desirable to replace current petroleum-based methods. To this end, strains that efficiently produce the target chemicals at high yields and productivity are needed. Recent advances in metabolic engineering have enabled the biosynthesis of polymer compounds at high yield and productivities by governing the carbon flux towards the target chemicals. Using these methods, microbial strains have been engineered to produce monomer chemicals for replacing traditional petroleum-derived aliphatic polymers. These developments also raise the possibility of microbial production of aromatic chemicals for synthesizing high-performance polymers with desirable properties, such as ultraviolet absorbance, high thermal resistance, and mechanical strength. In the present review, we summarize recent progress in metabolic engineering approaches to optimize microbial strains for producing building blocks to synthesize aliphatic and high-performance aromatic polymers.
BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2016年01月, Microbial Cell Factories, 15, 19, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The production of the bioplastic precursor 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-AHBA) from sweet sorghum juice, which contains amino acids and the fermentable sugars sucrose, glucose and fructose, was assessed to address the limitations of producing bio-based chemicals from renewable feedstocks. Recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum strain KT01 expressing griH and griI derived from Streptomyces griseus produced 3,4-AHBA from the sweet sorghum juice of cultivar SIL-05 at a final concentration (1.0 g l(-1)) that was 5-fold higher than that from pure sucrose. Fractionation of sweet sorghum juice by nanofiltration (NF) membrane separation (molecular weight cut-off 150) revealed that the NF-concentrated fraction, which contained the highest concentrations of amino acids, increased 3,4-AHBA production, whereas the NF-filtrated fraction inhibited 3,4-AHBA biosynthesis. Amino acid supplementation experiments revealed that leucine specifically enhanced 3,4-AHBA production by strain KT01. Taken together, these results suggest that sweet sorghum juice is a potentially suitable feedstock for 3,4-AHBA production by recombinant C. glutamicum. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2015年12月, Bioresource Technology, 198, 410 - 417, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
A renewable raw material, rice straw is pretreated for biorefinery usage. Solution-state two-dimensional (2D) H-1-(13) C hetero-nuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, was used to analyze 13 cultivars of rice straw before and after dilute acid pretreatment, to characterize general changes in the lignin and polysaccharide components. Intensities of most (15 of 16) peaks related to lignin aromatic regions, such as p-coumarate, guaiacyl, syringyl, p-hydroxyphenyl, and cinnamyl alcohol, and methoxyl, increased or remained unchanged after pretreatment. In contrast, intensities of most (11 of 13) peaks related to lignin aliphatic linkages or ferulate decreased. Decreased heterogeneity in the intensities of three peaks related to cellulose components in acid-insoluble residues resulted in similar glucose yield (0.45-0.59 g/g-dry biomass). Starch-derived components showed positive correlations (r = 0.71 to 0.96) with glucose, 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF), and formate concentrations in the liquid hydrolysates, and negative correlations (r = -0.95 to -0.97) with xylose concentration and acid-insoluble residue yield. These results showed the fate of lignin and polysaccharide components by pretreatment, suggesting that lignin aromatic regions and cellulose components were retained in the acid insoluble residues and starch-derived components were transformed into glucose, 5-HMF, and formate in the liquid hydrolysate.
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2015年06月, PLoS ONE, 10 (6), e0128417, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Sequential batch fermentation from sweet sorghum juice concentrated by membrane separation (ultrafiltration permeation and nanofiltration concentration) to increase sugar contents, was investigated. Ethanol production at 5th batch fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 attained 113.7 +/- 3.1 g L-1 (89.1 +/- 2.2% of the theoretical ethanol yield) from 270.0 +/- 22.6 g L-1 sugars, corresponding to 98.7% of ethanol titer attained at the 1st batch fermentation. This titer was comparable to ethanol production of 115.8 +/- 0.6 g L-1 (87.1 +/- 2.7% of the theoretical ethanol yield) obtained at 5th batch fermentation with 3 g L-1 yeast extract and 6 g L-1 polypeptone. Increase of cell density in the concentrated sweet sorghum juice was observed during sequential batch fermentation, as indicated by increased OD600. Utilization of sweet sorghum juice as the sole source, membrane separation, and S. cerevisiae was a cost-effective process for high ethanol production. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2015年06月, Bioresource Technology, 186, 351 - 355, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Background: Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. Lignin is awaited to be recovered after hydrothermal pretreatment for utilization as value-added chemical, and lignin recovery also means removal of fermentation inhibitors. To recover lignin with high content from the liquid fraction, it is necessary to separate lignin and hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide. Therefore, the following processes were applied: membrane separation with nanofiltration (NF) and enzymatic hydrolysis by hemicellulase. To clarify lignin-concentrated fraction obtained during these processes, the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components were pursued by a solution NMR method and confirmed by compositional analysis of each fraction. Results: After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. The lignin content of the black precipitate was 65.8 %. Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. Conclusion: A precipitate with high lignin content was obtained from supernatants of the liquid fraction. These results suggested that precipitation of lignin was enhanced from concentrated mixtures of lignin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides by hydrolyzing the polysaccharides. Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process.
BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2015年06月, Biotechnology for Biofuels, 8, 88, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Dilute acid-pretreated sorghum bagasse, which was predominantly composed of glucan (59%) and xylose (7.2%), was used as a lignocellulosic feedstock for D-phenyllactic acid (PhLA) production by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain expressing phenylpyruvate reductase from Wickerhamia fluorescens. During fermentation with enzymatic hydrolysate of sorghum bagasse as a carbon source, the PhLA yield was reduced by 35% compared to filter paper hydrolysate, and metabolomics analysis revealed that NAD(P)H regeneration and intracellular levels of erythrose-4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate for PhLA biosynthesis markedly reduced. Compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) with sorghum bagasse hydrolysate, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of sorghum bagasse under glucose limitation conditions yielded 4.8-fold more PhLA with less accumulation of eluted components, including p-coumaric acid and aldehydes, which inhibited PhLA fermentation. These results suggest that gradual enzymatic hydrolysis during SSF enhances PhLA production under glucose limitation and reduces the accumulation of fermentation inhibitors, collectively leading to increased PhLA yield. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2015年04月, Bioresource Technology, 182, 169 - 178, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The aim of this investigation was to attain high ethanol concentration by concentrating sweet sorghum juice using a two-step membrane separation process. Ultrafiltration permeation of the juice was used to remove residues, followed by nanofiltration concentration to increase the sugar concentration. The concentrated juice containing 180.0 g L-1 sucrose, 59.3 g L-1 glucose and 49.3 g L-1 fructose supplemented with nitrogen sources (10 and 20 g L-1 of yeast extract and polypeptone, respectively) was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 to produce 133.5 g L-1 of ethanol (87.6% of theoretical yield) after 48 h fermentation. Importantly, the addition of lower concentrations of exogenous nitrogen sources (3 and 6 g L-1 of yeast extract and polypeptone, respectively) or no exogenous nitrogen sources resulted in the production of 131.4 and 132.8 g L-1 of ethanol (84.8% and 86.0% of theoretical yield), respectively, after 48 h fermentation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2014年10月, Bioresource Technology, 169, 821 - 825, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of renewable cellulose for the production of 3-phenyllactic acid (PhLA) by recombinant Escherichia coli was investigated. Kraft pulp recovered from biomass fractionation processes was used as a model cellulosic feedstock and was hydrolyzed using 10-50 filter paper unit (FPU) g(-1) kraft pulp of a commercial cellulase mixture, which increased the glucose yield from 21% to 72% in an enzyme dose-dependent manner. PhLA fermentation of the hydrolyzed kraft pulp by a recombinant E. coli strain expressing phenylpyruvate reductase from Wickerhamia fluorescens TK1 produced 1.9 mM PhLA. The PhLA yield obtained using separate hydrolysis and fermentation was enhanced from 5.8% to 42% by process integration into SSF of kraft pulp (20 g L-1) in a complex medium (pH 7.0) at 37 degrees C The PhLA yield was negatively correlated with the initial glucose concentration, with a five-fold higher PhLA yield observed in culture medium containing log L-1 glucose compared to 100 g L-1. Taken together, these results suggest that the PhLA yield from cellulose in kraft pulp can be improved by SSF under glucose-limited conditions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2014年07月, Biochemical Engineering Journal, 88, 188 - 194, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
To develop cost-effective systems for d-lactate production, here, the effect of high-cell density cultivation of metabolically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum on d-lactate production was evaluated. A xylose-assimilating strain of L. plantarum was anaerobically cultured with mixed sugars (glucose and xylose) as substrates. Compared to undiluted nutrient-rich de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium, d-lactate production by cultivating in 10-fold diluted MRS (0.1 MRS) medium or normal saline solution was 89.7 and 81.3 %, respectively. Notably, the xylose consumption rate was comparable in the three cultures, whereas the glucose consumption rate decreased by 18.3 and 26.1 % in 0.1 MRS medium and normal saline solution, respectively, resulting in a reduction of the d-lactate production rate. The d-lactate productivity in high-cell density cultivation was proportional to the initial cell concentrations. The use of a two-step cultivation process involving growing and resting cells in a single bioreactor revealed that the ratio of the glucose and xylose consumption rates (based on grams consumed) in resting cell conditions was 1.88, whereas that in growing conditions was 2.58. Cultivation of L. plantarum in growing conditions for 24 h produced 73.2 g/l d-lactate with the yield of 0.90 g/g, whereas cells cultivation under resting cell conditions in a saline solution for 24 h produced 68.7 g/l d-lactate with the yield of 0.93 g/g. In total, 141.9 g/l d-lactate was produced after 48 h cultivation, a value that represents the highest reported concentration of d-lactate produced from mixed sugars to date. Our findings contribute to the cost-effective, large-scale production of d-lactate.
SPRINGER, 2014年06月, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 98 (11), 4911 - 4918, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
研究論文(学術雑誌)
To exploit the potential diversity of thermophilic exoelectrogens, two-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were inoculated with thermophilic anaerobic digester sludge and operated at 55 °C without supplementing with exogenous redox mediator. The MFC generated a maximum power density of 823 mW m-2 after 200 h of operation. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested that the microbial population on the anode was dominated by a species closely related to a thermophilic nitrate-reducing bacterium Calditerrivibrio nitroreducens, for which a strain (Yu37-1) has been isolated in pure culture. Thus, a pure culture of the C. nitroreducens strain Yu37-1 was inoculated into MFC to examine the electricity generation capability. Without an exogenous mediator, MFCs stably produced electricity with a maximum power density of 272 mW m-2 for > 400 h of operation. The MFC current recovered to the original level within few hours after medium replacement, suggesting that the electricity generation was caused by the anodic microorganisms. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that redox systems (E3 and Ec) with similar potentials (-0.14 and -0.17 V) made the main contributions to the exoelectrogenic activities of the sludge-derived consortium and C. nitroreducens Yu37-1, respectively. This study undertook the bioelectrochemical characterization of C. nitroreducens as the first example of a thermophilic Gram-negative exoelectrogen. © 2013 American Chemical Society.
2013年11月05日, Environmental Science and Technology, 47 (21), 12583 - 12590, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Electromethanogenesis is a new bio-electrochemical reaction potentially useful for energy conversion. As a first step toward its technical application, electromethanogenic reactors were built, and their bio-electrochemical properties were analyzed. Comparisons of the microbial compositions of the electromethanogenic cathode and the current-producing anode suggested an electromethanogenic pathway mediated by exoelectrogenic bacteria. (C) 2013, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.
SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN, 2013年07月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 116 (1), 114 - 117, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
To explore diversity of thermophilic exoelectrogens, a thermophilic microbial fuel cell was constructed. Population analysis of the anodic microorganisms suggested possible involvement of Caloramator-related bacteria in electricity generation. Pure culture of Caloramator australicus showed electricity-generating ability, indicating that the bacterium is a new thermophilic exoelectrogen. © 2012 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan.
2013年03月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 115 (3), 268 - 271, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) as currently conceived is not commercially viable. To promote deployment of CO2 capture and storage (CCS), substantial value must be added to CCS operations. We have proposed a subterranean carbon plantation that involves storing CO2 in a geological reservoir, biologically converting the stored CO2 to methane in situ, and harvesting the biogenic methane as a recycled energy source. To examine the durability of methanogenic metabolism under storage reservoir conditions, the methanogenic activity of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus (a representative subsurface methanogen) was assessed under nutrient-limited and reduced-pH conditions in actual formation-water-based media. Moreover, to examine the possibility of electrochemically supplying the source of reducing power into the reservoir, methanogen was also incubated in absence of exogenously supplied molecular hydrogen with applied voltage. Applied-voltage-dependent methanogenesis was observed, suggesting that methanogen can utilize electrons and protons as a reducing-power source to reduce CO2 to methane. Towards practical deployment of the electromethanogenic system to utilize CCS reservoirs as energy-reserving tanks, further studies are required to enhance the bio-electromethanogenic activity and optimize well configurations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2013年02月, Energy Conversion and Management, 66, 343 - 350, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
To establish a biotechnological system to convert CO2 into methane, we are trying to develop a new CO2 bio-conversion technology based on "electromethanogenesis", a new bio-electrolysis reaction using microbially-catalyzed electrode. In this study, we characterized bio-electrochemical properties of electromethanogenic reaction by Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus strain ΔH, a thermophilic methanogen. The methanogen can electromethanogenically produce methane without exogenouslysupplied hydrogen. In the reaction, the methanogen utilized molecular hydrogen, which was evolved by the abiotic electrochemical reaction, for the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. The current-to-methane conversion efficiency was 20% and the hydrogen evolution reaction was the rate-limiting step of the reaction.
Elsevier Ltd, 2013年, Energy Procedia, 37, 7021 - 7028, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
Biological electromethanogenesis is a promising technology which can be applicable to convert geologically-stored CO2 into CH4 by electrochemical active microorganisms as biocatalysts. To gain biocatalysts applicable within CO2-storage reservoirs, a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) was used to enrich electrochemical active microorganisms in reservoir brine sample from a petroleum reservoir. The MFC began to produce electricity after 25 hours of inoculation and reached the first maximum current at 50 hours post inoculation. The maximum power density of the thermophilic MFC was ca. 1003 mW/m2, higher than that of most thermophilic MFCs reported previously, suggesting that subsurface reservoir harbors highly functional biocatalysts.
Elsevier Ltd, 2013年, Energy Procedia, 37, 7006 - 7013, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
To develop a technological system to add substantial value to CCS operations, we are proposing a system to employ a new bio-electrochemical reaction, called "electromethanogenesis", to convert geologically-stored CO2 into methane, a recycled energy source. In this study, we showed that microorganisms derived from a subsurface reservoir were electromethanogenically active. Moreover, the microbial consortium selectively enriched based on electrochemical activity had the highest electromethanogenic activity reported so far. Thus, our study indicated that, for the electromethanogenic conversion of geologically-stored CO2, recruitment of microorganisms endogenous to the reservoir was an effective strategy.
Elsevier Ltd, 2013年, Energy Procedia, 37, 7014 - 7020, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(国際会議プロシーディングス)
The in situ oil sands production method called steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) reuses process wastewater following treatment. However, the treatment and reuse processes concentrate contaminants in the process water. To determine the concentration and dynamics of inorganic and organic contaminants, makeup water and process water from six process steps were sampled at a facility employing the SAGD process in Alberta, Canada. In the groundwater used for the makeup water, the total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content was 4 mg/L. This significantly increased to 508 mg/L in the produced water, followed by a gradual increase with successive steps in subsequent water treatments. The concentrations and dynamics of DOC constituents in the process water determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that in the produced water, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetone (33.1 mg/L) and 2-butanone (13.4 mg/L) predominated, and there were significant amounts of phenolic compounds (total 9.8 mg/L) and organic acids including naphthenic acids (NAs) corresponding to the formula CnH2n+zOx for combinations of n = 4 to 18, Z = 0 and -2, and X = 2 to 4 (53 mg/L) with trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene and phenanthrene. No organic contaminants, except for saturated fatty acids, were detected in the groundwater. The concentration of DOC in the recycled water was 4.4-fold higher than that in the produced water. Likewise, the total concentrations of phenols and organic acids in the recycled water were 1.7- and 4.5-fold higher than in the produced water, whereas the total concentrations of VOCs and PAHs in the recycled water were reduced by over 80%, suggesting that phenols and organic acids are selectively concentrated in the process water treatment. This comprehensive chemical analysis thus identified organic constituents that were concentrated in the process water and which interfere with subsequent water treatments in the SAGD process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2012年11月, Water Research, 46 (17), 5566 - 5574, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
An organic solvent-tolerant bacterium, Rhodococcus opacus B-4, was metabolically engineered to remove sulfur from dibenzothiophene (DBT), a component of crude oil. The resulting recombinant strain ROD2-8 constitutively expressed the Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 genes dszA, dszB, and dszC, encoding dibenzothiophene sulfone monooxygenase, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzenesulfinate desulfinase, and dibenzothiophene monooxygenase, respectively, of the 45 pathway to avoid transcriptional inhibition by the sulfate end-product. Unlike the wild-type strain, ROD2-8 grew in mineral salts medium containing DBT as the sole sulfur source. Under aqueous conditions, ROD2-8 resting cells converted greater than 85% of DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), although the consumption rate by ROD2-8 cells precultured on DBT as the sole sulfur source was 3.3-fold higher than that of cells cultured in complex medium. Notably, DBT consumption rates increased by 80% in oil-water biphasic reaction mixtures with n-hexadecane as the organic solvent, and resting cells were predominantly localized in the emulsion layer. Desulfurization activity in biphasic reaction mixtures increased with increasing concentrations of DBT and was not markedly inhibited by 2-HBP accumulation. Intracellular concentrations of DBT and 2-HBP were significantly lower under biphasic conditions than aqueous conditions. Our findings suggest that the enhanced desulfurization activity under biphasic conditions results from the combined effects of attenuated feedback inhibition and reduced mass transfer limitations due to 2-HBP diffusion from cells and accumulation of both substrate and biocatalyst in the emulsion layer, respectively. Therefore, the solvent-tolerant and hydrophobic bacterium R. opacus B-4 appears suitable for biodesulfurization reactions in solvents containing a minimum ratio of water. (C) 2011, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.
SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN, 2012年03月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 113 (3), 360 - 366, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The diversity of microbial communities associated with non-water-flooded high-temperature reservoir of the Niibori oilfield was characterized. Analysis of saturated hydrocarbons revealed that n-alkanes in crude oil from the reservoir were selectively depleted, suggesting that crude oil might be mildly biodegraded in the reservoir. To examine if any specific microorganism(s) preferentially attached to the crude oil or the other components (large insoluble particles and formation water) of the reservoir fluid, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from each component of the reservoir fluid. The clones in the archaeal libraries (414 clones in total) represented 16 phylotypes, many of which were closely related to methanogens. The bacterial libraries (700 clones in total) were composed of 49 phylotypes belonging to one of 16 phylum-level groupings, with Firmicutes containing the greatest diversity of the phylotypes. In the crude-oil- and large-insoluble-particle-associated communities, a Methanosaeta-related phylotype dominated the archaeal sequences, whereas hydrogenotrophic methanogens occupied a major portion of sequences in the library of the formation-water-associated community. The crude-oil associated bacterial community showed the largest diversity, containing 35 phylotypes, 16 of which were not detected in the other bacterial communities. Thus, although the populations associated with the reservoir-fluid components largely shared common phylogenetic context, a specific fraction of microbial species preferentially attached to the crude oil and insoluble particles. (C) 2011, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.
SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN, 2012年02月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 113 (2), 204 - 210, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We examined methane production by microorganisms collected from a depleted oilfield. Our results indicated that microorganisms indigenous to the petroleum reservoir could effectively utilize yeast extract, suggesting that the indigenous microorganisms and proteinaceous nutrients could be recruitable for Microbially Enhanced Oil Recovery. (C) 2011, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.
SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN, 2012年01月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 113 (1), 84 - 87, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
To recover energy from carbon dioxide sequestered in geological reservoirs, the geochemical effects of acidic and substrate- and nutrient-limiting conditions on methane production by the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus were investigated in a simulated deep saline aquifer environment using formation water media retrieved from petroleum reservoirs. (C) 2010, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.
SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN, 2010年07月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 110 (1), 106 - 108, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Corynebacterium glutamicum strains CRA1 and CRX2 are able to grow on l-arabinose and d-xylose, respectively, as sole carbon sources. Nevertheless, they exhibit the major shortcoming that their sugar consumption appreciably declines at lower concentrations of these substrates. To address this, the C. glutamicum ATCC31831 l-arabinose transporter gene, araE, was independently integrated into both strains. Unlike its parental strain, resultant CRA1-araE was able to aerobically grow at low (3.6 g center dot l(-1)) l-arabinose concentrations. Interestingly, strain CRX2-araE grew 2.9-fold faster than parental CRX2 at low (3.6 g center dot l(-1)) d-xylose concentrations. The corresponding substrate consumption rates of CRA1-araE and CRX2-araE under oxygen-deprived conditions were 2.8- and 2.7-fold, respectively, higher than those of their respective parental strains. Moreover, CRA1-araE and CRX2-araE utilized their respective substrates simultaneously with d-glucose under both aerobic and oxygen-deprived conditions. Based on these observations, a platform strain, ACX-araE, for C. glutamicum-based mixed sugar utilization was designed. It harbored araBAD for l-arabinose metabolism, xylAB for d-xylose metabolism, d-cellobiose permease-encoding bglF (317A) , beta-glucosidase-encoding bglA and araE in its chromosomal DNA. In mineral medium containing a sugar mixture of d-glucose, d-xylose, l-arabinose, and d-cellobiose under oxygen-deprived conditions, strain ACX-araE simultaneously and completely consumed all sugars.
SPRINGER, 2009年11月, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85 (1), 105 - 115, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 31831 grew on L-arabinose as the sole carbon source at a specific growth rate that was twice that on D-glucose. The gene cluster responsible for L-arabinose utilization comprised a six-cistron transcriptional unit with a total length of 7.8 kb. Three L-arabinose-catabolizing genes, araA (encoding L-arabinose isomerase), araB (L-ribulokinase), and araD (L-ribulose-5-phosphate4-epimerase), comprised the araBDA operon, upstream of which three other genes, araR (LacI-type transcriptional regulator), araE (L-arabinose transporter), and galM ( putative aldose 1-epimerase), were present in the opposite direction. Inactivation of the araA, araB, or araD gene eliminated growth on L-arabinose, and each of the gene products was functionally homologous to its Escherichia coli counterpart. Moreover, compared to the wild-type strain, an araE disruptant exhibited a > 80% decrease in the growth rate at a lower concentration of L-arabinose (3.6 g liter(-1)) but not at a higher concentration of L-arabinose ( 40 g liter(-1)). The expression of the araBDA operon and the araE gene was L-arabinose inducible and negatively regulated by the transcriptional regulator AraR. Disruption of araR eliminated the repression in the absence of L-arabinose. Expression of the regulon was not repressed by D-glucose, and simultaneous utilization of L-arabinose and D-glucose was observed in aerobically growing wild-type and araR deletion mutant cells. The regulatory mechanism of the L-arabinose regulon is, therefore, distinct from the carbon catabolite repression mechanism in other bacteria.
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 2009年06月, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75 (11), 3419 - 3429, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Corynebacterium glutamicum was metabolically engineered to broaden its substrate utilization range to include the pentose sugar L-arabinose, a product of the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. The resultant CRA1 recombinant strain expressed the Escherichia coli genes araA, araB, and araD encoding L-arabinose isomerase, L-ribulokinase, and L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase, respectively, under the control of a constitutive promoter. Unlike the wild-type strain, CRA1 was able to grow on mineral salts medium containing L-arabinose as the sole carbon and energy source. The three cloned genes were expressed to the same levels whether cells were cultured in the presence of D-glucose or L-arabinose. Under oxygen deprivation and with L-arabinose as the sole carbon and energy source, strain CRA1 carbon flow was redirected to produce up to 40, 37, and 11%, respectively, of the theoretical yields of succinic, lactic, and acetic acids. Using a sugar mixture containing 5% D-glucose and 1% L-arabinose under oxygen deprivation, CRA1 cells metabolized L-arabinose at a constant rate, resulting in combined organic acids yield based on the amount of sugar mixture consumed after D-glucose depletion (83%) that was comparable to that before D-glucose depletion (89%). Strain CRA1 is, therefore, able to utilize L-arabinose as a substrate for organic acid production even in the presence of D-glucose.
SPRINGER, 2008年01月, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 77 (5), 1053 - 1062, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
In cellulosic ethanol production, pretreatment of a biomass to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis inevitably yields fermentation inhibitors such as organic acids, furans, and phenols. With representative inhibitors included in the medium at various concentrations, individually or in various combinations, ethanol production by Corynebacterium glutamicum R under growth-arrested conditions was investigated. In the presence of various inhibitors, the 62 to 100% ethanol productivity retained by the C. glutamicum R-dependent method far exceeded that retained by previously reported methods.
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 2007年04月, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73 (7), 2349 - 2353, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
A three-step biohydrogen production process characterized by efficient anaerobic induction of the formate hydrogen lyase (FHL) of aerobically grown Escherichia coli was established. Using E. coli strain SR13 (fhlA(++), Delta hycA) at a cell density of 8.2 g/l medium in this process, a specific hydrogen productivity (28.0 +/- 5.0 mmol h(-1) g(-1) dry cell) of one order of magnitude lower than we previously reported was realized after 8 h of anaerobic incubation. The reduced productivity was attributed partly to the inhibitory effects of accumulated metabolites on FHL induction. To avoid this inhibition, strain SR14 (SR13 Delta ldhA Delta frdBC) was constructed and used to the effect that specific hydrogen productivity increased 1.3-fold to 37.4 +/- 6.9 mmol h(-1) g(-1). Furthermore, a maximum hydrogen production rate of 144.2 mmol h(-1) g(-1) was realized when a metabolite excretion system that achieved a dilution rate of 2.0 h(-1) was implemented. These results demonstrate that by avoiding anaerobic cultivation altogether, more economical harvesting of hydrogen-producing cells for use in our biohydrogen process was made possible.
SPRINGER, 2007年03月, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 74 (4), 754 - 760, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We improved the hydrogen yield from glucose using a genetically modified Escherichia coli. E. coli strain SR15 (Delta ldhA, Delta frdBC), in which glucose metabolism was directed to pyruvate formate lyase (PFL), was constructed. The hydrogen yield of wild-type strain of 1.08 mol/mol glucose, was enhanced to 1.82 mol/mol glucose in strain SR15. This figure is greater than 90 % of the theoretical hydrogen yield of facultative anaerobes (2.0 mol/mol glucose). Moreover, the specific hydrogen production rate of strain SR15 (13.4 mmol h(-1) g(-1) dry cell) was 1.4-fold higher than that of wild-type strain. In addition, the volumetric hydrogen production rate increased using the process where cells behaved as an effective catalyst. At 94.3 g dry cell/l, a productivity of 793 mmol h(-1) l(-1) (20.2 l h(-1) l(-1) at 37 degrees C) was achieved using SR15. The reported productivity substantially surpasses that of conventional biological hydrogen production processes and can be a trigger for practical applications.
SPRINGER, 2006年11月, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 73 (1), 67 - 72, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The aerobic microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum was metabolically engineered to broaden its substrate utilization range to include the pentose sugar xylose, which is commonly found in agricultural residues and other lignocellulosic biomass. We demonstrated the functionality of the corynebacterial xylB gene encoding xylulokinase and constructed two recombinant C glutamicum strains capable of utilizing xylose by cloning the Escherichia coli gene xyl4 encoding xylose isomerase, either alone (strain CRX1) or in combination with the E. coli gene xylB (strain CRX2). These genes were provided on a high-copy-number plasmid and were under the control of the constitutive promoter trc derived from plasmid pTrc99A. Both recombinant strains were able to grow in mineral medium containing xylose as the sole carbon source, but strain CRX2 grew faster on xylose than strain CRX1. We previously reported the use of oxygen deprivation conditions to arrest cell replication in C. glutamicum and divert carbon source utilization towards product production rather than towards vegetative functions (M. Inui, S. Murakami, S. Okino, H. Kawaguchi, A. A. Vertes, and H. Yukawa, J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 7:182-196, 2004). Under these conditions, strain CRX2 efficiently consumed xylose and produced predominantly lactic and succinic acids without growth. Moreover, in mineral medium containing a sugar mixture of 5% glucose and 2.5% xylose, oxygen-deprived strain CRX2 cells simultaneously consumed both sugars, demonstrating the absence of diauxic phenomena relative to the new xyl4-xylB construct, albeit glucose-mediated regulation still exerted a measurable influence on xylose consumption kinetics.
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 2006年05月, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72 (5), 3418 - 3428, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Genetic recombination of Escherichia coli in conjunction with process manipulation was employed to elevate the efficiency of hydrogen production in the resultant strain SR13 2 orders of magnitude above that of conventional methods. The formate hydrogen lyase (FHL) -overexpressing strain SR13 was constructed by combining FHL repressor (hycA) inactivation with FHL activator (fhlA) overexpression. Transcription of large-subunit formate dehydrogenase,fdhF, and large-subunit hydrogenase, hycE, in strain SR13 increased 6.5-and 7.0-fold, respectively, compared to the wild-type strain. On its own, this genetic modification effectively resulted in a 2.8-fold- increase in hydrogen productivity of SR13 compared to the wild-type strain. Further enhancement of productivity was attained by using a novel method involving the induction of the FHL complex with high-cell-density filling of a reactor under anaerobic conditions. Continuous hydrogen production was achieved by maintaining the reactor concentration of the substrate (free formic acid) under 25 mM. An initial productivity of 23.6 g hydrogen h(-1) liter(-1) (300 liters h(-1) liter(-1) at 37 degrees C) was achieved using strain SR13 at a cell density of 93 g (dry weight) cells/liter. The hydrogen productivity reported in this work has great potential for practical application.
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 2005年11月, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71 (11), 6762 - 6768, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The central metabolic pathway of Corynebacterium glutamicum was engineered to produce ethanol. A recombinant strain which expressed the Zymomonas mobilis genes coding for pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adhB) was constructed. Both genes placed under the control of the C. glutamicum ldhA promoter were expressed at high levels in C. glutamicum, resulting, under oxygen-deprivation conditions, in a significant yield of ethanol from glucose in a process characterized by the absence of cellular growth. Addition of pyruvate in trace amounts to the reaction mixture induced a 2-fold increase in the ethanol production rate. A similar effect was observed when acetaldehyde was added. Disruption of the lactate dehydrogenase ( ldhA) gene led to a 3-fold higher ethanol yield than wild type, with no lactate production. Moreover, inactivation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ppc) and ldhA genes revealed a significant amount of ethanol production and a dramatic decrease in succinate without any lactate production, when pyruvate was added. Since the reaction occurred in the absence of cell growth, the ethanol volumetric productivity increased in proportion to cell density of ethanologenic C. glutamicum in a process under oxygen-deprivation conditions. These observations corroborate the view that intracellular NADH concentrations in C. glutamicum are correlated to oxygen-deprived metabolic flows. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.
KARGER, 2004年, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 8 (4), 243 - 254, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Lactate and succinate were produced from glucose by Corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen deprivation conditions without growth. Addition of bicarbonate to the reaction mixture led not only to a 3.6-fold increase in succinate production rate, but also to a 2.3- and 2.5-fold increase, respectively, of the rates of lactate production and glucose consumption, compared to the control. Furthermore, when small amounts of pyruvate were added to the reaction mixture, acid production rates and the glucose consumption rate were multiplied by a factor ranging from 2 to 3. These phenomena were paralleled by an increase in the NAD(+)/NADH ratio, thus corroborating the view that the efficient regeneration of NAD+ could be triggered by the addition of either bicarbonate or pyruvate. To investigate the global metabolism of corynebacteria under oxygen deprivation conditions, we engineered several strains where the genes coding for key metabolic enzymes had been inactivated by gene disruption and replacement. A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-deficient mutant was not able to produce lactate, suggesting this enzyme has no other isozyme. Although a pyruvate carboxylase (pyc) mutant exhibited similar behavior to that of the wild type, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ppc) mutants were characterized by a dramatic decrease in succinate production, which was concomitant to decreased lactate production and glucose consumption rates. This set of observations corroborates the view that in coryneform bacteria under oxygen deprivation conditions the major anaplerotic reaction is driven by the ppc gene product rather than by the pyc gene product. Moreover, intracellular NADH concentrations in C. glutamicum were observed to correlate to oxygen-deprived metabolic flows. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.
KARGER, 2004年, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 7 (4), 182 - 196, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
We have established a system for hydrogen (H-2) production from algal starch via lactic acid using a mixed culture of a lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobium marinum A-501. We found that the H, production from lactate was stimulated in the presence of algal extract, which was obtained from algal biomass homogenate used as a substrate in the system by removing settleable solids including starch. To analyze the stimulating effect of algal extract on H-2 production, we developed a kinetic model for H-2 production by R. marinum A-501. The model revealed that approximately 20% of lactate was consumed for cell mass production, and the remaining portion was a source of reducing power to drive hydrogen production or other cellular processes. In the presence of algal extract, the model indicated that the conversion efficiency from lactate to the reducing power increased from 0.56 to 0.80 and nitrogenase activity increased up to twofold, resulting in the increase in yield of hydrogen from lactate from 29% to 48%. These results suggest that algal extract can attenuate the limitation process in lactate catabolism by which the supplementation of reducing power to drive H-2 production was suppressed.
SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN, 2002年07月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 94 (1), 62 - 69, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
To produce hydrogen from starch accumulated in an algal biomass, we used a mixed culture of the lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and the photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobium marinum A-501. In this system L. amylovorus, which possesses amylase activity, utilized algal starch for lactic acid production, and R. marinum A-501 produced hydrogen in the presence of light using lactic acid as an electron donor. Algal starch accumulated in the marine green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta, and the freshwater green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, was more suitable for lactic acid fermentation by L. amylovorus than an authentic starch sample. Consequently, the yields of hydrogen obtained from starch contained in D. tertiolecta and C. reinhardtii were 61% and 52%, respectively, in the mixed culture of L. amylovorus and R. marinum A-501. These values were markedly superior to those obtained using a mixed culture of Vibrio fluvialis T-522 and R. marinum A-501 described previously. The yield and production rate of hydrogen by R. marinum A-501 from the lactic acid fermentates were higher than from authentic Lactic acid, suggesting that the fermentates contain a factor(s) which promotes H-2 production by this bacterium.
SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN, 2001年03月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 91 (3), 277 - 282, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
The bacterial community designated BC1, which originates from night soil treatment sludge, exhibited a strong ability to produce H-2 from raw starch in the light in the presence of 3% NaCl. Three halophilic or halotolerant bacterial species, Vibrio fluvialis, Rhodobium marinum, and Proteus vulgaris, were isolated from BC1 and identified. The level of H-2 production from starch by coculture of V. fluvialis and R. marinum was nearly equal to that by BC1, indicating that these two strains play roles in starch degradation and H-2 production from the degraded products in BC1, respectively. Acetic acid and ethanol, which were detected as the major products of degradation of starch by V. fluvialis in pure culture, seemed to be mainly utilized for H-2 production by R. marinum in BC1 and the coculture. However, R. marinum in pure culture could not produce H-2 from a synthetic medium containing acetic acid and ethanol, suggesting that V. fluvialis supplied not only substrates but also some unknown factors capable of inducing H-2 production from these substrates by R. marinum. A study using the starch-rich microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Dunaliella tertiolecta, demonstrated that the above coculture could be applied to the production of H-2 at high yield from raw starch in an algal biomass.
SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN, 1999年07月, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 88 (1), 72 - 77, 英語[査読有り]
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オイルサンドの油層内回収法(SAGD法)における生産水の環境調和型リサイクル技術の開発を目的に、プロセス水の化学分析と微生物浄化法の利用を検討した。JAPEX現地法人がカナダで操業するSAGDプラントからプロセス水を採取し、各工程水の化学組成を比較すると共に、含有水溶性有機物の同定と定量解析を行った。また、各種プロセス水に微生物を接種したサンプルについて水溶性有機物濃度の低下を測定し、生物的浄化技術の適合性を検証した。
The Japan Petroleum Institute, 2010年, 石油学会 年会・秋季大会講演要旨集, 2010 (0), 96 - 96, 日本語[査読有り]
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少ない資源投入量でも、生育旺盛でロバストな高バイオマス・高糖性ソルガム新品種(純系やF1)の育種デザイン、創出、及び社会実装を進める。具体的には、(1) 社会実装に重要な新規遺伝子の同定し、 (2) その新規遺伝子、及び F1の雑種強勢に重要な5遺伝子を活用した集積育種を進め、(3) ソルガムの社会実装を想定した栽培試験を行う。また、(4)バイオリファイナリーにおける発酵生産技術開発として、成分分析及びプラットフォーム微生物への影響評価をカタログ化も行う。
L−アラビノース利用機能を有するコリネ型細菌形質転換体
特願2007-222439, 2007年08月29日, 公益財団法人地球環境産業技術研究機構, 特開2009-050236, 2009年03月12日, 特許第5074131号, 2012年08月31日特許権
エタノールの新規製造方法
特願2003-146716, 2003年05月23日, 財団法人地球環境産業技術研究機構, 特開2004-344107, 2004年12月09日, 特許第4294373号, 2009年04月17日特許権
バイオマスから糖類を製造する方法
特願2015-137531, 2015年07月09日, 国立大学法人神戸大学, 特開2017-018023, 2017年01月26日, 特許第6665998号特許権