多田 明夫 | ![]() |
タダ アキオ | |
大学院農学研究科 食料共生システム学専攻 | |
准教授 | |
農業工学関係 |
2009年03月 The 13th International Water Technology Conference, First Award, Remote sensing for diagnosing actual depletion and water use efficiency
2008年08月 社団法人農業農村工学会, 農業農村工学会優秀論文賞, 論文:集水域からの流出負荷量の推定法とその不確かさについて
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The Gash Delta Spate Irrigation System (GDSIS), located in eastern Sudan with a net command area of 100 000 ha (an area currently equipped with irrigation structures), was established in 1924. The land is irrigated every 3 years (3-year rotation) or every 2 years (2-year rotation) so that about 33 000 or 50 000 ha respectively can be cultivated annually. This study deals with assessing the performance of the 3- and 2-year rotation systems using the Monte Carlo simulation. Reliability, which is a measure of how frequently the irrigation water supply satisfies the demand, and vulnerability, which is a measure of the magnitude of failure, were selected as the performance criteria. Combinations of five levels of intake ratio and five levels of irrigation efficiency for the irrigation water supply of each rotation system were analysed. Historical annual flow data of the Gash River for 107 years were fit to several frequency distributions. The Weibull distribution was the best on the basis of the Akaike information criteria and was used for simulating the ensembles of annual river flow. The reliabilities and vulnerabilities of both rotation systems were evaluated at typical values of intake ratio and irrigation efficiency. The results show that (i) the 3-year rotation is more reliable in water supply than the 2-year rotation, (ii) the vulnerability of the 3-year rotation is lower than that of the 2-year rotation and (iii) therefore the 3-year rotation is preferable in the GDSIS. The sensitivities of reliability and vulnerability to changes in intake ratio and irrigation efficiency were also examined.
Copernicus GmbH, 2018年02月01日, Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 376 (376), 69 - 75, 英語[査読有り]
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An accurate estimate of the evapotranspiration (ET) and crop water productivity (WP) at the regional scale plays a significant role in managing water-saving irrigation in the dry region. Three sites in the Gezira scheme representing research field (Gezira Research Station, GRS), farmers' fields with participatory water management approach (Abdelhakam block) and ordinary farmers' fields (Madina block) were selected to estimate spatial ET, crop yield and WP of wheat using remote sensing data coupled with ground observations. The methodology is based on surface energy balance to estimate sensible and latent heat fluxes by combining remotely sensed data from Landsat 7 ETM+ and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with common meteorological data. A comparison between Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) estimated ET and ET calculated based on reference evapotranspiration (ETo)-crop coefficient (kc) approach over the growing season exhibited a good agreement. The average SEBAL-based ET of wheat for the entire season at GRS was 396 mm. SEBAL estimated kc were 0.46, 1.07 and 0.3 at the initial, mid season and late season stages, respectively, whereas the kc values determined from water depletion measurements were 0.5, 1.15 and 0.5, respectively. The average crop yield at GRS, Abdelhakam block and Madina block were 2.4, 1.9 and 1.4 t ha-1, respectively. The mean values of WP for the three locations were 0.52 (coefficient of variation, CV = 0.31), 0.50 (CV = 0.33) and 0.43 (CV = 0.45) kg m-3, respectively. Achieving a coefficient of variation (CV = 0.15), water savings at the three locations could reach 21%, 42% and 53%, respectively.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2010年, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING, 31 (16), 4281 - 4294, 英語[査読有り]
研究論文(学術雑誌)
Current methods for estimating evapotranspiration (ET), the essential variable in irrigation performance and water management, largely neglect the spatial and temporal variations in ET. Accurate regional ET maps would provide valuable information on actual crop water use. The objective of this study was mainly to evaluate a Pilot Project (PP) supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). In this study, Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model was used to assist the evaluation attempt. The performance of the ET model was evaluated by comparing the predicted daily ET with values derived by conventional methods based on ground measurements and meteorological data on 6 Sepetmber, 25 Sepetmber, 28 November and I I December. The ET values from SEBAL showed good agreement with the actual values measured in the field. The amount of water required to satisfy the irrigation needs at canal level was monitored and successfully estimated. However, during November the daily estimated water demand ranged from 15667 in 3 for Tereifi minor to 28954 m(3) for Heleiwa west minor canal. The average values of relative irrigation supply (RIS) were determined as 0.73 which indicates improvements in operational performance of minor canals. The results of this study demonstrate that remote sensing measurements and limited ground data can be used to successfully estimate ET and assess irrigation performance in areas of poor infrastructure. Results achieved support previous opinion that repeatedly recommended the PP as a crucial step for water management in the Gezira scheme, Sudan.
INT SOC ENVIRON INFORM SCI, 2009年06月, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATICS, 13 (2), 86 - 92, 英語[査読有り]
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Water is a finite resource and rapid population growth in many and countries is putting excessive pressure on their limited water resources. Sudan has a large modern irrigated agriculture totaling more than 2 million hectares out of about 84 million that are potentially arable. The River Nile and its tributaries (18.5 km(3)/year) are the source of the water for 93% of irrigated agriculture. Gezira scheme is located in the central part of the Sudan. Its cultivated area estimated to be around 0.9 million hectares. The and climate and the low water use efficiency place more challenges for effective irrigation water management. Thus, spatial information of evapotranspiration (ET) is quite important to water resources managers. In this study remote sensing-based model was used to quantify the values of ET for different crops/vegetation on the surface. Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) and Landsat images were used to identify water consumption on daily, monthly and seasonal basis. On the other hand, daily water required at different minor canals was calculated. For validation purpose, the daily and seasonal data were compared to the actual field data measured by soil water balance method. SEBAL results showed good agreement with the actual measurements.
CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, 2009年, FROM HEADWATERS TO THE OCEAN: HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, 381 - +, 英語[査読有り]
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The availability of the actual water use from agricultural crops is considered as the key factor for irrigation water management, water resources planning, and water allocation. Traditionally, evapotranspiration (ET) has been calculated in the Gezira scheme as the point of reference with evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients (k(c)) being derived from actual measurements of soil-water balance. Recently developed, advanced energy balance models assisted in estimating the ET through the remotely sensed data. In this study Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images were used to estimate the spatial distribution of the daily, monthly and seasonal ET for irrigated sorghum in the Gezira scheme, Sudan. The daily ET maps were also used to estimate kc over time and space. Results of the energy balance, based on being remotely sensed, were compared to actual measurements conducted during 2004/05 season. The seasonal actual ET values, obtained from the seven MODIS images for irrigated sorghum, were estimated at 579 mm. The values for remotely sensed kc, derived during the initial mid-season and late-season crop development stages, were 0.62, 0.85, 1.15, and 0.48, respectively. On the other hand, the values for the experimental kc during the pervious mention stages were 0.55, 0.94, 1.21 and 0.65, respectively. The estimated seasonal ET of the sorghum, derived by remotely sensed kc, was 674 mm. The Landsat data and the Free MODIS provided reliable, exhaustive, and consistent information on the water use, relevant for decision support in the Gezira scheme.
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2008年, HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES, 12 (4), 1129 - 1139, 英語[査読有り]
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Improved management of crop water requires accurate scheduling of irrigation which, in turn, requires accurate calculation of actual daily evapotranspiration (ETa). This study was carried out to examine seasonal changes in crop coefficients and evapotranspiration values for sorghum irrigated in the Gezira scheme, with the use of remote sensing data and field measurements. Three methods, namely remote sensing-derived k(c), Farbrother k(c) (experimental) and FAO k(c), revealed that the crop coefficient for sorghum reached growing season peaks of approximately 1.15, 1.21, and 1.17, respectively, at the beginning of October. The crop coefficient, derived from remote sensing data, varied over the growing season from 0.62 in the initial growth stage, 1.15 in the mid-season stage to 0.58 at harvest. The total ETc over the growing season of irrigated sorghum estimated by remote sensing-derived k(c), experimental k(c) and FAO k(c) was 674, 704, and 642 nm, respectively. The ETc by the three methods, combined with the Penman-Monteith reference ET0, was also compared with the actual ET measured by the water balance approach. Statistical analysis showed that the remote sensing-derived k(c) was superior to the others in all regression parameters. This study demonstrates that remote sensing data are a very useful tool for estimating water requirements for field crops, hence providing irrigation decision makers with information not available before.
INT SOC ENVIRON INFORM SCI, 2007年09月, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATICS, 10 (1), 47 - 54, 英語[査読有り]
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高頻度の長期水質観測データは,水文地球化学的なモデリングや非特定汚染源のモデリングを発展させる上で,水文データと共に欠くことのできないデータである.このため,15分間隔で渓流水質(塩化物イオン,ナトリウム,カリウム)を2週間モニタリングできるフローインジェクションポテンショメトリー(FIP)オンサイト水質観測システムを開発し,実験室と奈良県五條市に位置する小山林流域において性能試験を行った.本システムは冬期の試料凍結を除いて,長期モニタリングを阻害する主要な要因を解決した.イオン選択性電極の温度依存性を補償するために,3種の標準液による高頻度の校正試験が採用されている.実際の奈良県山林流域における2004年度のこれら3種のイオンのモニタリング結果は,濃度の流量に対する応答がこれらの項目間で明らかに異なることを示していた.塩化物イオンの応答は流域に堆積した大気からの沈着量を降雨流出が洗い出しているメカニズムを反映しており,カリウムの応答は降雨時に水分量が高まる土壌の浅い層に蓄積されたカリウムの洗い出しを示唆していると思われる.ナトリウムの応答にはイオン交換と化学的風化の両者の影響が認められた.
THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES, 2006年, 水文・水資源学会誌, 9・6・445-457 (6), 445 - 457, 英語[査読有り]
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Estimates of the amount of recession flow can be derived from streamflow records. Such estimates are critical in the assessment of low flow characteristics for the Blue Nile River, from which about two-thirds of the irrigation requirements in Sudan are satisfied. The recession flow hydrograph can be estimated by fitting the conceptual nonlinear storage outflow model using an iterative algorithm. An analytical model to forecast the Blue Nile recession flow is developed and the performance of the model is compared to the previous Blue Nile recession flow model. In the proposed model, a simple linear regression equation is introduced to illustrate the effect of antecedent flow on the recession parameter. Results indicate that the model can provide a simple and reliable method to predict the recession flow of the Blue Nile River. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2003年10月, HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES, 17 (14), 2825 - 2835, 英語[査読有り]
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Water movement in soil was observed directly and recorded on video-tape using soft X-ray technology with a liquid contrast agent and on continuous photos. The movement of soil water occurred in an Andosol sample, and quantitative analyses were carried out by image processing. The results shown here are: (1) The fluids flowing in tubular macro pores connected with each other. The flow showed spatial motion in which the tubular pores were sometimes swollen. Soil water moved into small pores like a volcanic explosion and also moved, worm-like, according to the shape of the tubular pores. Soil water movement occurred only in some tubular pores. In most cases, soil water was not detected in the pores. (2) The spatial structures of macropores shown in three-dimensional graphics were drawn from stereo-radiographs, based on the observation of the spatial contribution of soil pore structures and the calculation of their actual length and tortuousity. (3) Applying Darcy's law, various permeabilities (K-2,K-3,K-4) of the soil were calculated using the diameters of the dominant macropores and actual velocities. The permeability was compared with the permeability (K,) tested independently by the constant head method. Differences among K-1, K-2, K-3 and K-4 were not significant. (4) The validity of Darcy's law was tested using the constant head tank at different heads and samples. Results show that the validity of Darcy's law was not confirmed. (5) The Reynolds number was calculated using the actual diameter of the tubular pores and velocities of the agent measured by the stereo-graph obtained by the video. The flow seemed to be transitional between laminar and turbulent.
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2003年02月, SOIL SCIENCE, 168 (2), 119 - 127, 英語[査読有り]
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Nearest-Neighbor(NN)法は, 本来, 統計的パターン認識法の一つであるが, 時系列予測法としても有効な手法である. NN法による流出予測では, 現在の事象に類似している過去の降雨流出事象を過去のデータから選び出し, それら過去の事象に連続する流量の標本平均を予測流量とする. 本研究では, 大河川である淀川流域を対象として, 1∼3日先の実時間流出予測にNN法を適用し, NN法による流出予測の実用的適用法について検討した. その結果, NN法の単純さにもかかわらず, 1日先流量の予測精度はかなり良好であった. 過去の事象を抽出するデータ期間長と予測精度の関係からは, 実用上十分な予測精度を得るためにはデータ期間が10年程度必要であることが示された. また, NN法では, 少数の雨量観測点のデータが利用できれば十分予測を行えることも示された.
THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES, 2003年, 水文・水資源学会誌, 16・1・ 33-44 (1), 33 - 44, 日本語[査読有り]
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The recommended Penman-Monteith reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) with derived crop coefficients (K-c) from the phenomenological stages of Acala cotton is used to estimate the crop water requirements (CWRs) of Acala cotton in the Gezira area of Sudan. The published basal crop factors of Acala cotton were used with Penman-Monteith equation as well to estimate ET. The results were compared with the current practice that uses Penman evaporation (E-0) from free water surface and crop factors (K-f) derived by Farbrother [Farbrother, H.G., 1970. Irrigation practices on Gezira clay-rates and intervals. Gezira miscellaneous paper no. 94. Gezira Research Station, Wad Medani, Sudan] and still in use in Sudan. The two methods were compared with the actual ET of Acala cotton measured by Fadl [Fadl, O.A., 1987. Water use of Acala cotton. Annual report 1978-1979. Gezira Research Station, Wad Medani, Sudan, pp. 143-147]. Penman-Monteith equation was found to be better than Farbrother method in terms of the total predicted CWR, coefficient of determination (r(2)), the slope of the linear regression line and the standard error of estimate with both basal and derived (K-c) values. The trends of weather examined for the period 1966 1993 showed an increasing ET0 during the rainy season due to the recent drought conditions that prevailed in the region. Care must be taken when predicting CWR during such period. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2000年07月, AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT, 45 (2), 203 - 214, 英語[査読有り]
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本研究では、全国13地区の農地造成流域とそれに近接する山林流域の水文観測資料(農林水産省)を対象として、直接流出量の推定に広く用いられているCN(Curve Number)法を適用し、各流域の直接流出特性をCN値によって表すとともに、CN値と各流域において実施されている冠水型浸入能試験の結果を対比し、直接流出特性と流域表層土壌の浸入能との関係について考察した。その結果、13地区のうち10地区で、山林流域の方が農地造成流域よりもCN値が小さくなる(直接流出量が小さくなる)こと、農地造成流域と山林流域のいずれにおいても、流域表層土壌の浸入能が大きいほど、洪水時の総直接流出量が小さくなる傾向がある程度は見られるが、浸入能-直接流出量関係のばらつきはかなり大きく、浸入能に基づいて直接流出量の変化の程度を定量的に見積もることはかなり難しいことが分かった。
水文・水資源学会, 2006年, 応用水文(農業土木学会水文・水環境研究部会誌), 19・88-97, 14 - 14, 日本語その他
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口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
口頭発表(一般)
日本水環境学会
2001年01月 - 現在American Sciety of Agronomy
1999年01月 - 現在American Geophysical Union
1997年01月 - 現在水文水資源学会
1991年01月 - 現在農業農村工学会
1990年03月 - 現在日本分析科学会
1998年01月 - 2011年12月競争的資金
競争的資金
競争的資金
競争的資金
競争的資金
競争的資金
競争的資金
競争的資金