杉浦 真治 | ![]() |
スギウラ シンジ | |
大学院農学研究科 生命機能科学専攻 | |
准教授 | |
農学その他 |
生態学と昆虫学の研究と教育にかかわっています。昆虫類を中心に、植物、菌類、変形菌類、哺乳類、鳥類、爬虫類、両生類など様々な生物との関係に興味があります。最近は特に昆虫類における被食防衛行動を研究しています。
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Most butterfly and moth larvae (Lepidoptera) are terrestrial. When terrestrial caterpillars accidentally fall into water, they may drown or be preyed upon by aquatic predators before they can safely reach land. However, how terrestrial caterpillars escape aquatic environments and predators remains unclear. In July 2018, we observed a terrestrial caterpillar actively moving forward on the surface of a pond in Japan until it successfully reached the shore. To further investigate this behaviour in terrestrial caterpillars, we experimentally placed larvae of 13 moth species (four families) on a water surface under laboratory and field conditions. All caterpillars floated. Larvae of seven species moved forward on the water surface, whereas those of six species did not. A total of two types of behaviour were observed; in
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The adults and larvae of some groups in the coleopteran family Carabidae are known to prey on snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Most species of the carabid tribe Licinini are believed to feed on live snails. However, the snail-eating behavior of only a few species has been studied. Whether adults of the licinine genus
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Caterpillars (i.e. lepidopteran larvae) have evolved multiple defences against predators, with some large caterpillars showing aggressive defences (e.g. strikes and/or sound production). Although such behaviours can startle or warn vertebrate predators, defences against invertebrates remain unclear. We investigated the behavioural responses of the hornworm Langia zenzeroides (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) against the invertebrate attacker Calosoma maximowiczi (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Fifth (last) instars of zenzeroides exhibited a striking response, in which the larva rapidly bent its head and thorax towards the body part stimulated by maximowiczi attacks. Strikes were also accompanied by opening of the mandibles, followed by sound production or regurgitation. In some cases, zenzeroides larvae caught the legs of maximowiczi and threw the beetles using their mandibles. Such counterattacks completely defended against attackers. The sounds that zenzeroides generated (pulse durations, 82-314 ms; dominant frequencies, 5.0-8.7 kHz; sound pressure level, 44.0-56.9 dB SPL) were produced by forcing air through the eighth pair of abdominal spiracles. Our results indicate that hornworm larvae are able to deter predacious invertebrates using multiple defences.
OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2018年03月, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 123 (3), 496 - 505, 英語[査読有り]
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The eastern hive bee Apis cerana is a major honeybee species in Asia providing numerous ecosystem services. Understanding how much the honeybees depend on natural and human-influenced plants and landscapes in different climates is important could contribute to evaluate how wild honeybees use food resources and to measure the ecosystem services. We investigated the effects of land use and climate changes on stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in wild populations of A. cerana. In populations from 139 individual sites throughout Japan, we measured nitrogen (delta N-15) and carbon (delta C-13) stable isotope ratios and analyzed the effects of land use and climate. Our results showed that forested areas and annual precipitation had significant effects on delta N-15, and that paddy fields and urban areas had significant effects on delta C-13. These results suggest that A. cerana sensibly uses available food resources in the various environments and that stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios clearly reflect the effects of land use and climate changes on the populations of A. cerana. Thus, stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in A. cerana, which widely distributes in Asia, can be used as indicators of the environments, such as land use and climate, of an area within its foraging range.
SPRINGER, 2017年12月, Biodiversity and Conservation, 26 (13), 3157 - 3166, 英語[査読有り]
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Larvae of the turnip sawfly Athatia rosae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) are known to defend themselves using chemicals against predators such as ants, wasps and birds. However, only a few studies have tested the effectiveness of such chemical defences under field conditions. In a Japanese farm, a tree frog Hyla japonica (Anura: Hylidae) was observed to attack an A. rosae larva, but spit out the larva immediately after taking it into its mouth. To clarify how A. rosae larvae defend themselves against frogs, we quantitatively investigated how H. japonica attacked A. rosae larvae and palatable caterpillars of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) under field conditions. We experimentally placed an A. rosae larva or a P. rapae larva in front of tree frogs on the crop leaves. Frogs attacked both A. rosae and P. rapae larvae. However, the rate of predation by frogs was different between A. rosae and P. rapae larvae: 75% of frogs rejected A. rosae larvae, whereas 100% of frogs ate P. rapae larvae. Athalia rosae larvae attacked by frogs released their haemolymph (containing defensive chemicals) from the injured parts of their bodies. These results suggest that A. rosae larvae can chemically defend themselves against frogs in field conditions. (C) 2017 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KOREAN SOC APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, 2017年03月, Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 20 (1), 225 - 227, 英語[査読有り]
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The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2017年01月, Ecology and Evolution, 7 (1), 145 - 188, 英語[査読有り]
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The pollination of summer-flowering plants by birds has rarely been reported in temperate Asia and Europe. However, we recorded the Japanese white-eye Zosterops japonicus (Passeriformes: Zosteropidae) visiting the flowers of the hemiparasitic plant Taxillus kaempferi (Loranthaceae) during mid-summer (July to August) in a temperate forest in central Japan. Field observations showed that Z. japonicus was an almost exclusive flower visitor of T. kaempferi. Specifically, Z. japonicus inserted their bills frequently into the flower tubes of T. kaempferi. The corollas of T. kaempferi were shorter than Z. japonicus bills, suggesting that Z. japonicus is able to obtain floral nectar from T. kaempferi. Close-up pictures of Z. japonicus visiting flowers showed that the upper bill and facial feathers of Z. japonicus came into contact with the reproductive organs of T. kaempferi, leading to the attachment of pollen to these body parts. Thus, Z. japonicusmight act as an important pollinator of the summer-flowering plant T. kaempferi.
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017年, Journal of Natural History, 51 (27-28), 1649 - 1656, 英語[査読有り]
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