TSUKIHASHI Osamu | ![]() |
Graduate School of Engineering / Department of Architecture | |
Associate Professor | |
Civil Engineering / Architecutre and planning / Building Engineering |
[Refereed]
Symposium
The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and availability of the "Town of Memories Workshop" a method of preserving cultures including the scenery and the life style in disasterstricken areas. This workshop divided into three stages: making the restoring models of the disaster-stricken areas, showing the models to the local citizens and conduct interviews on them about the areas before the disaster, adding to the gained information to the models. This study is based on the results of the workshop held in Rikuzentakata, Iwate Prefecture damaged by the tsunami in the Great East Japan Earthquake.
Architectural Institute of Japan, 01 Oct. 2016, AIJ Journal of Technology and Design, 22 (52), 1173 - 1176, Japanese[Refereed]
Scientific journal
[Refereed]
Symposium
[Refereed]
International conference proceedings
After the tsunami of the Great East Japan Earthquake, various projects have been pushed forward for early restoration while they don't necessarily restore former town-scapes which was entirely transformed. Some local people are worried about losing their memories of hometown in course of recovery. This essay examines, how they could retrive and transmit memories of their lost towns to next generations through the workshops to build 1:500 restoration models on the central districts (Machikata area) at Otsuchi town in Iwate prefecture. The result enables us to explore memories of town space and means to share and utilize them.
Architectural Institute of Japan, May 2014, Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 79 (699), 1129 - 1137, Japanese筆者らは東日本大震災とそれに伴い発生した大津波によって、その地域空間と地域社会が甚大なる被害を受けた宮城県気仙沼市内湾地区を対象に、同地域の震災以前の街空間を再現した縮尺1/500復元模型を用いた地域住民参加型ワークショップを2012年9月に開催した。本稿では同ワークショップを通じて得られた、人々の震災以前の街空間やそこでの個人個人の体験や出来事に関する記憶を総合化することで、視覚的要素のみならず、そこで営まれてきた人々の日常生活の様相を含めたかつての街の生活誌を記述することを試みる。最終的にはこの試みを通じ、被災地における各地域の文化の継承や、街の防災、復興再生において、記憶の総合化が果たす役割について、そしてその中での復元模型を用いた同手法の役割と活用方法について考察し、その可能性の一端を示す。
Japan Society for Disaster Recovery and Revitalization, 2013, Journal of Disaster Recovery and Revitalization, 5, 1 - 10, Japanese本研究は2011年3月11日に発生した東日本大震災とそれに伴う大津波によって壊滅的な被害を受けた東北・北関東の太平洋沿岸地域の都市や集落の被害の実態を地域コミュニティの観点から捉え、復興時のまちづくりの過程において、地域コミュニティが津波に強い社会として再生していくための方法の探求を目的としている。特に今後の防災教育、人材育成のために広く継承されていくことを主眼に置き、被災前の街や集落の復元模型を制作し、それを用いて被災前・被災時の証言を市民から収集し、立体的に整理・位置づけを行う方法を考案している。地域の記憶や津波時の体験をヴィジュアルなかたちで盛り込んだ復元模型は、特に子供達にとって地域文化・津波体験を継承していく上で有効な手段である。同時に市民にとっては、地域の空間を客観的に捉え直すことにもなり、これからはじまる復興事業において、市民自身がより適切な判断や話し合いを行う上での記録としても重要である。
Japan Society for Disaster Recovery and Revitalization, 2012, Journal of Disaster Recovery and Revitalization, 2, 1 - 8, Japanese東日本大震災の際に復興の方向性を適切に共有できなかったという課題があった。一般的に住民が被災時に望むのは「早く元の生活に戻ること」であり、復興時に住民の考える地域の生活像を関係者間で適切に把握・共有するための手法が必要である。被災想定地域においては災害前から地域の生活像を把握しておくことでそういった課題を解決できる可能性がある。本研究は、東北の被災地で行われた「失われた街」模型復元プロジェクトの「記憶の街ワークショップ」を地域生活像の把握手法として、南海トラフ地震で津波被災が予測される兵庫県南あわじ市福良地区で応用・実践し、その効果を検証した。その結果、記憶の街ワークショップを応用することで、地域の生活像を従来の手法より偏りなく効率的に把握できることがわかった。また、把握した生活像から多様な視点に基づいた復興の方向性を検討できる可能性を示した。課題としては、把握した膨大な生活像の適切な共有手法の検討、証言収集の適切な目標設定、WSへの若年層の参加促進等が挙げられる。
Japan Society for Disaster Recovery and Revitalization, 2019, Journal of Disaster Recovery and Revitalization, 13, 21 - 30, Japanese[Refereed]
[Refereed]
気仙沼市に計画されている復興祈念公園のデザイン監修
仙台市青葉山公園センターの建築・ランドスケープデザインにおける統括監修
大学キャンパス等移転整備デザインプロポーザルにおけるデザイン監修
東遊園地で行われている市民参加型運営の社会実験のアドバイザー
富山県氷見市の朝日山公園新設計画における休憩施設のデザイン監修
We have introduced the commons concept, which has been actively studied in the fields of environmental studies, economics, etc., to practical planning of architecture. And since we have been working as a researcher in Otsuchi Town, Iwate prefecture, based on the collection of memory testimony by model WS which is continuing support activities in Project Otsuchi Media Commons (MLA), we aimed to construct a commons regeneration model in the disaster area. We revised our research method due to the fact that it took time to compile the massive testimony gathered as practical data and of the town changed the policy the reconstruction project and delayed plan. We made a digital archive of model workshops and testimonies made experimentally in other areas and modeled how to utilize them.
This research aimed to conduct action research with interdisciplinary team and to propose post disaster sustainable regional society model in Ohshima Island in Kesennnuma, Miyagi prefecture. Through research period, 16 workshops with local residents and 20 Newspaper published as part of action research in order to communicate disaster recovery process specific to this region. In addition, case studies in similar islands conducted and shared with local residents. Research result is to challenge open disaster recovery process based on active participation, and to propose new type of green tourism based on natural and cultural resources towards creation of sustainable, and livable community.
Competitive research funding
The purpose of this study is to propose a method of quantification of the gap between buildings, which is one of features in Japanese urban space, and to clarify the characteristics of area and distribution of these gaps. The gap was defined as an area where a circle of radius r cannot sweep through on a building location map. The diameter of the circle stands for the width of a gap. To extract the gap-area, operations in image-processing method called erosion and dilation were applied. That is, after digital imaging of a building location map, building planes were dilated in terms of a digital figure corresponding to a circle of r and then eroded. This procedure is equivalent to a closing operation in morphology and enabled the extracting gaps. The following results were obtained by applying this procedure to the whole building location of Tokyo 23 wards and Osaka 24 wards. 1)In Tokyo, the gap ratios (gross area ratios) at three different widths of gap were 0.5% at l.5m width, 1.4% at 2.5m, and 2.4% at 3.5m. In Osaka, 0.6%, 1.3%, and 2.0% respectively. Locally, there were many areas with a ratio more than 10%, therefore the quantity of gap cannot be neglected in urban area. 2)The gap ratios and index of density (building density, perimeter-ratio, building coverage) were highly correlated. 3)High gap ratio areas are located circularly along the periphery of JR Yamanote line in Tokyo and along the periphery of JR Osaka Kanjo line. These areas overlap with densely built-up residential areas, that is, large population, low green coverage, and high earthquake risk areas, therefore problematic areas for safety. In this study, a little consideration was taken for historical and cultural processes of gap generation. Some functions of gaps were exemplified by a field survey.
We relate the contents on the various forms of "the World Village Database (WVDB)" to each other on database system, and make the factor analysis appropriate for the data of architectural spaces The aim of the research is the development and realization of support application for the reasonable use of a mount of such data. In 2001, we made a analysis of the data of architectural spaces, design of the data-schema, and the development of the support application. The data structure of the computerized data of photos, drawings, maps, texts, and motion pictures of the traditional villages were defined. Various factors that arose on the use of data base system, such as the call of an interior photographs corresponds to the survey drawings of the house, or the call of the commentary on villages the motion picture of which is on play were put in order. The forms of data corresponding to the factors were defined. The structure of the database system, under consideration of the special feature of the data of architectural spaces were reexamined. Then we develop the support application of the database on the workstation system. Based on the data schema, the complicated demands to search or refer the data on the different forms are able to reduce into the handling on the related tables. The speed up of the reference and the flexibility of the operation were achieved. In 2002, we finished the development after the test on workstation and the repair. But the test revealed the possibility of the improvement by making a small change on the data schema itself. We started to analyze the data files and examine the work in need..
The first of our research theme is constructions of the internet database system on traditional villages, dwellings, and houses. We have huge collection of pictures and drawings of over 600 villages all over the world which we collected throughout more than 25 years research activity. The second is to make the database system shared not only among the researchers who study on traditional dwellings, but general users who take up with them. It is a reason why we made the system accessible from WWW/Internet using every type of platform and web browser application. The first year, we mainly get along with digitizing pictures and drawings using a film scanner and an image scanner. We made filing their data in hard disks. The second year, we designed the relation schema to construct RDBMS(Relational Database Management System) for the traditional villages. After the design, we mounted the database and made some applications for retrieving and browsing the database. The result of this study is the internet web site called "The World Village Database (WVDB)", and URL is ‘http://www.wvdb.org'. User can be connected with database server just accessing this website.
The purpose of this study is to divise a new method of allocation of "obnoxious facilities", which are supposed to be disliked by many inhabitants, such as the garbage incineration plant and the sewage disposal plant. This method includes variables relating to both the distance between the facilities and the inhabitants around them, and the natural-social condition. First, we extracted various published information about obnoxious facilities, and classified it. Second, we categorized location problems of those facilities by objective functions of optimization, and formulated them : (1) minimization of the amount of obnoxiousness, (2) relief of the inhabitants and area fuffering the greatest damage, (3) equalization of the amount of the obnoxiousness. In addition, we also formulated (4) consideration of the environmental conditions ; minimization of the damage of the air pollution, the radio interference and so on. In order to understand the basic nature of each location problem, we measured the appropriateness of the location, under the condition that single facility is installed in the area, and tried to express it as equivalent lines. As a result, in the area hypothesized that the inhabitants are distributed uniformly and densely, both the periphery and the cneter of the objective area can be an optimal location of an obnoxious facility. Thus we found that the location problem of obnoxious facilities leads to which objective function we attach importance. Therfore, we devised a procedure to conprehensively dicide an optimal location of the facility by the summation of weighted parameters of each objective function. As a concrete application of this processing, we take up the location problem of a garbage incineration plant at Meguro Ward in Tokyo, and compared and evaluated the logically optimal location, the nominated location and the present location, and discussed the results.