FURUKAWA Takeru | ![]() |
Graduate School of Engineering / Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering | |
Assistant Professor | |
Physics |
A convergent gas feeding method is proposed to alleviate neutral gas depletion near the central plasma region in typical electrodeless radio-frequency (RF)/helicon plasma thrusters. To achieve further performance improvement, the SuperSonic Gas Puffing (SSGP) system is one of the methods that is expected to overcome the above-mentioned depletion and the density limit. This study discovered that the spatiotemporal profiles of the neutral pressure and the estimated gas diffusion angle vary depending on the SSGP gas feeding condition, i.e., the nozzle size, filling pressure, and the valve opening time. Convergent gas feeding is successfully conducted using the SSGP method in a vacuum. As a preliminary study, high-density plasma is also obtained in the vicinity of the gas injection region using the developed SSGP system. The effects of the gas feeding position and an external divergent magnetic field on the plasma density are investigated. A suitable gas feeding position/region exists for plasma generation using the RF/helicon plasma thruster.
AIP Publishing, 01 Aug. 2022, Review of Scientific Instruments, 93 (8), 083501 - 083501, English[Refereed]
Scientific journal
The use of a cusp magnetic field is studied to improve the thrust performance of small electrodeless radio frequency (RF) plasma thrusters based on a theoretical analysis of a magnetized inductively coupled plasma. In this type of thruster, electrons play a critical role in determining the thrust performance. The electron energy probability function (EEPF) and two-dimensional profiles of the plasma parameters in the cusp-type magnetic field RF thruster are investigated to characterize the plasma flow. Non-Maxwellian EEPFs were obtained, which correspond to the pressure and plasma potential profiles in the plasma plume. In addition, the axial ion velocity was measured, and the presence of ion flux in the downstream direction is revealed, indicating ideal ion acceleration.
AIP Publishing, 07 May 2022, Journal of Applied Physics, 131 (17), 173302 - 173302, English[Refereed]
Scientific journal
The radio-frequency (RF) plasma thruster has been studied to overcome the issue of a reduced lifetime of plasma thrusters due to electrode erosion, and it has been reported that a nonuniform magnetic field near the RF antenna improves the thrust performance. In this study, to obtain knowledge for optimizing the configuration of the thruster and the magnetic field, the RF discharge in a nonuniform magnetic field is numerically investigated focusing on RF power absorption and plasma generation, and the effect of the positional relation between the magnetic cusp and the RF antenna on the RF discharge is discussed. We adopt the two-fluid plasma model considering ions and electrons and confirm the qualitative validity of the simulation by comparing the simulation results with the results of a laboratory experiment. The simulation reveals that the energy transport due to the [Formula: see text] drift from the region of RF power absorption near the RF antenna determines the distributions of the plasma generation and temperature. Therefore, the plasma distribution changes depending on the RF antenna position and the phase of the RF period because the [Formula: see text] drift direction changes depending on the directions of the electric and magnetic fields. In addition, we find that it is important to place the antenna in a strong magnetic field for effective power absorption because this increases the azimuthal diamagnetic current.
AIP Publishing, 28 Feb. 2022, Journal of Applied Physics, 131 (8), 083302 - 083302, English[Refereed]
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We have proposed Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF) acceleration method as one of electrodeless plasma accelerations. In our experimental scheme, plasma generated by an rf (radio frequency) antenna, is accelerated by RMF antennas, which consist of two-pair, opposed, facing coils, and these antennas are outside of a discharge tube. Therefore, there is no wear of electrodes, degrading the propulsion performance. Here, we will introduce our RMF acceleration system developed, including the experimental device, e.g., external antennas, a tapered quartz tube, a vacuum chamber, external magnets, and a pumping system. In addition, we can change RMF operation parameters (RMF applied current I-RMF and RMF current phase difference phi, focusing on RMF current frequency f(RMF)) by adjusting matching conditions of RMF, and investigate the dependencies on plasma parameters (electron density n(e) and ion velocity v(i)); e.g., higher increases of n(e) and v(i) (similar to 360 % and 55 %, respectively) than previous experimental results were obtained by decreasing fRMF from 5 MHz to 0.7 MHz, whose RMF penetration condition was better according to Milroy's expression. Moreover, time-varying component of RMF has been measured directly to survey the penetration condition experimentally. (C) 2017 Author(s).
AMER INST PHYSICS, Nov. 2017, AIP ADVANCES, 7 (11), English[Refereed]
Scientific journal
As one of the electromagnetic plasma acceleration systems, we have proposed a rotating magnetic field (RMF) acceleration scheme to overcome the present problem of direct plasma-electrode interactions, leading to a short lifetime with a poor plasma performance due to contamination. In this scheme, we generate a plasma by a helicon wave excited by a radio frequency (rf) antenna which has no direct-contact with a plasma. Then, the produced plasma is accelerated by the axial Lorentz force f(z) = j(theta) x B-r (j(theta) is an azimuthal current induced by RMF, and Br is an external radial magnetic field). Erosion of electrodes and contamination are not expected in this total system since RMF coils and an rf antenna do not have contact with the plasma directly. Here, we have measured the plasma parameters (electron density ne and axial ion velocity vi) to demonstrate this RMF acceleration scheme by the use of AC currents in two sets of opposing coils to generate a RMF. The maximum increasing rate Delta(vi) /v(i) was similar to 28% (maximum v(i) of similar to 3 km/s), while the density increasing rate of Delta n(e)/n(e) is similar to 70% in the case of a RMF current frequency f(RMF) of 3 MHz, which showed a better plasma performance than that with f(RMF) = 5MHz. Moreover, thrust characteristics such as a specific impulse and a thrust efficiency were discussed, although a target plasma was not optimized. Published by AIP Publishing.
AMER INST PHYSICS, Apr. 2017, PHYSICS OF PLASMAS, 24 (4), English[Refereed]
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THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES
Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies (AAPPS)
プラズマ核融合学会
American Physical Society
令和2年度は,3つの副課題を並行して進めた.進捗状況は8.で説明するが,予測しがたい研究環境の激変があり,それぞれの進捗に影響があった. 1)副課題1:可変径大口径イオン源の製作では,設計と一部部品の調達を行った.構造の概略設計を行い,プラズマ源としてφ100mm,長さ900mmのガラス管を用い,150Aステンレス管で800l/sの排気ポンプと接続する.ガスは,実績のあるピエゾバルブを利用して,パルス的に注入する.排気管には,エネルギー変換部との接続に用いる100Aの枝管を設ける.また,ビーム径は3枚のアパーチャで変化させることとし,同じく排気管を利用して設置する.磁場は7500ATのコイル6個を用い,最大600G以上の一様磁場を長さ50cm以上形成する. 2)副課題2:径方向散乱分析のための模擬実験については,感染症流行への対応で主担当者のエフォートを十分に確保できず,遅れが生じている.また,実験そのものにおいて,十分なビーム電流が得られず,電流増大に向けてイオン源のプラズマ発光強度とビーム電流との相関分析を行ったが,期待した相関を見いだせていない.プラズマ源内の磁場構造の見直しが必要と考えられる. 3)副課題4:模擬実験結果の数値解析では,既存の進行波型直接エネルギー変換器粒子軌道計算コードで粒子の散乱過程を扱える拡張を行う.主担当予定者が他機関へ異動して研究組織を離脱したため,計画に遅れが生じている.現在,元コードを拡張するコーディングの途上にある.
本研究で提案する次世代型無電極プラズマ加速法の一つである回転磁場(Rotating Magnetic Field: RMF)プラズマ加速法の原理実証のため、実験的アプローチにより加速効果の検証、加速メカニズムの解明を行うものである。プラズマ内部にRMFを印加し、非線形効果に起因する周方向電流を駆動する。この電流と外部発散磁場の径方向成分に起因する軸方向ローレンツ力によりプラズマを加速する。本加速スキームでは従来電気推進機にみられる電極損耗がなく、これによる推進効性能の低減、推進機寿命の制限等の問題が無いため、長期的深宇宙探査といった将来型宇宙開発での利用が期待されている。 採用第1年目では、RMFアンテナ領域におけるRMFの時間変動成分の時空間分布計測を行った。これにより、RMFのプラズマ中への浸透評価を実験的に行った。さらに、プラズマの非線形効果(ホール効果)に起因する印加電流周波数の2倍高調波成分を周波数解析により導出した。この2倍高調波成分磁場分布から、RMFアンテナ領域における時間変動周方向電流密度分布を算出した。さらに、RMFアンテナ内部の周方向電流及び軸方向ローレンツ力を評価し、RMF由来の電磁加速効果を確認した。 本研究では2組の対向コイルを用いて回転磁場を発生させるが、この対向コイル間の印加電流位相差を変化させることで、RMFの回転方向および振動方向を変化させることができる。RMF由来の周方向電流駆動実証のアプローチとして、RMFの回転方向を変化させた際の、周方向電流の駆動方向や強度依存を評価した。結果として、正の電磁加速力を発生させる位相差で、最大の周方向電流及び正の推力が得られ、RMF印加におけるプラズマ流れの制御及びRMF加速法による推力制御可能性も示唆された。
Competitive research funding
For a neutral particle depletion problem in a helicon plasma thruster, a supersonic gas puffing method and internal gas feeding method has been proposed. The proposed methods supply gas into the inner region of plasma directly. The main objective of these methods are to reduce the depletion of neutral particles in plasma. This phenomenon is considered to limit the increase of electron density. Therefore, the thrust increase, which is proportional to the electron density, is also limited. To address this issue, the proposed methods attempts to supply the neutral particles directly to the generation area of the plasma. In the case of the supersonic gas puffing method, a focusing gas beam can be generated. However, the amount of gas is too large compared to conventional thruster. The other hand, it's revealed that 51% increased reaction force has been obtained at a radio-frequency power of 3 kW and a gas feeding rate of 100 sccm (Ar) using the internal feeding method.